SURFACTANTS
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Kar i s hma maDh Dhuri ,Si ddhes hJuvekar,SukanyaDa Das , ShrutiMane V ,i ni t aBas ant ani ,Bhagyes hri Gurav,Pri yankaChakot e,Sri ni vas ,Kashmi ra Kat he
I NTRODUCTI ON
Sur f ac e ac t i v eage nt s/ s ur f ac t ant smo mo l e c ul e s whi c har eac t i v eati nt e r f ac e sandpo s s e s sbo t h p o l a r( hydr o phi l i c )andn o n p o l a r( hydr o pho bi c ) c har ac t e r i s t i c si nt hes amemo mo l e c ul e .
tension (or interfacial Surfactants lower the surface tension (or tension) between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid.
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I NTRODUCTI ON
Sur f ac e ac t i v eage nt s/ s ur f ac t ant smo mo l e c ul e s whi c har eac t i v eati nt e r f ac e sandpo s s e s sbo t h p o l a r( hydr o phi l i c )andn o n p o l a r( hydr o pho bi c ) c har ac t e r i s t i c si nt hes amemo mo l e c ul e .
tension (or interfacial Surfactants lower the surface tension (or tension) between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid.
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Whens urf act ant saredi s s ol vedi nwat er t heyori ent at eatt hesurf aces ot hatt he hydr ophobi cr egi onsarer emo movedf r om t he aqueousenvi r onment .
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Hydrophobic group consist of alkyl chain (long, short, branched). Hydrophilic group consist of alcoholic, quaternary ammonium ,carboxylic.
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CLASSI FI CATI ON
Bas edon chemi cal s t r uc t ur e
Anionic
Cationic
Non ionic
Amphoteric
Hydrophi l i cgroup ofmol ecul e carri es–vecharge
Hydrophi l i cgroup ofmol ecul e carri es+vecharge
Nochar geon hydrophi l i c group
Mol ecul econt ai ns bot h+veand –vec harge
Eg: -sodi um l auryl sul phat e, pot assi um l aurat e
Eg: -c e t r i mi de , Benzal koni um c hl o r i de
Eg : -po l y s or ba t e s , Sorbi t onest ers
Eg: -sul phobet ai nes, NDodecyl N, Ndi met hyl bet ai ne
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Every surfactant forms micelles to exhibit its action when it is in the bulk of solution A micelle is an aggregate of surfactant molecules dispersed in a liquid. Once the micelles are formed the surfactants can then act as detergents wetting agents solubli!ers suspending agents etc. As we know the surfactants are amphiphilic two types of micelles are generally observed
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NORMAL MI CELLES
I NVERSE MI I CELLES 7
Micelles only form when the concentration of surfactant is greater than the critical micelle concentration (M), the temperature of the system is greater than the critical micelle temperature, or !raft temperature.
!raft temperature" (!raft #oint) $emperature abo%e which, certain surfactants show a marked increase in solubili&ing power.
'n a micelle, the hydrophobic tails flock to the interior in order to minimi&e their contact with water, and the hydrophilic heads remain on the outer surface in order to maximi&e their contact with water .
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MECHANI SM OFACTI ON
Surfactants can work in three different ways"
(a) ollup mechanism" $he surfactant lowers the fabric*solution interfacial tensions and in this way lifts the stain of the fabric.
(b) +mulsification" $he surfactant lowers the oil solution interfacial tension and makes easy emulsification of the oil.
(c) Solubili&ation" $hrough interaction with the micelles of a surfactant in a sol%ent (water), a substance spontaneously dissol%es to form a stable and clear solution
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ROLLUP MECHANI SM
Thes urf act ant l owerst he oi l / s ol ut i onand f abr i c/ s ol ut i on i nt er f aci alt ens i ons andi nt hi swayl i f t s t hes t ai noft he f abr i c .
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Emul s i ficat i on
Thes urf act ant l owerst heoi l s ol ut i oni nt er f aci al t ens i onandmakes easyemul s i ficat i on oft heoi l ys oi l s pos s i bl e.
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SOLUBI LI ZATI ON
Thr oughi nt eract i onwi t ht hemi cel l esofa s urf act anti nas ol vent( wat er) ,as ubs t ance s pont aneous l ydi s s ol vest of orm as t abl e andcl ears ol ut i on.
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HYDROPHI LI CLI POPHI LI C BALANCE
riffin described "ydrophilic#lipophilic balance scale for surfactant
I ti st heme as ur eo ft hede gr e et owhi c ha s ur f ac t anti shydr o phi l co rl i po phi l i c .
TheHLBs y s t e mi spar t i c ul ar l yus e f ult oi de nt i f y s ur f ac t ant sf o ro i landwat e re mul s i fic at i o n.
$t is an arbitrary scale from % to&% depicting the "ydrophilic'ipophilic balance of a surfactant.
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1.
ANI ONI C SURFACTANTS 1. SODI UM LAURYLSULPHATE ( SLS)
Chemi calf ormul a NaC12H25SO4 Mo l armas s Appe ar anc e
288. 372g/ mo l whi t eo rc r e amc o l o r e ds o l i d
Odo r
o do r l e s s
De ns i t y
1. 01g/ c m3
Me l t i ngpo i nt
206° C( 403° F; 16
Sens i t i vi t y I thasbee ns ho wnt oi r r i t at et hes ki no ft hef ac e , wi t hpr o l o ng e dandc o ns t ante x po s ur e .I nani mal s t udi e sSLSappe a r st oc aus es ki nandeye i rr i t at i on
I nt er act i onwi t hfluori de SLSi nt oo t hpas t emaydecr eas et he effect i venes soffluori de atpr event i ngdent al c a v i t i e s ) . c a r i e s(
Tas t eal t er at i on Sodi um l auryls ul f at et empor ari l ydi mi ni s hes
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APPLI CATI ONS
SLSi sahi ghl ye ffe c t i v es ur f ac t antandi sus e di n anyt as kr e qui r i ngt her e mo v alo fo i l ys t ai nsa nd r e s i due s .
I tc anbeus e dt oai di nl y s i ng c el l sdur i ngDNA e x t r ac t i o nandf o runr a v e l i ngpr o t e i nsi nSDSPAGE
Phar mac e ut i c al l ya sp r e o p e r a t i v e s ki nc l e ane r ha vi ngbac t e r i o s t at i cac t i o n
Compone ntofemul s i f yi ngwax. 18
2.DOCUSATESODI UM
Aqual ax,Cal ube ,Co l ac e ,Co l ac e Br andnames Mi c r o Ene ma,Co r r e c t o lSo f t g e lEx t r aGe nt l e
Do c us a t es ho ul dno tb eus e di n I nt eract i onsaddi t i o nt omi ne r a lo i last heemul s i fie rwi l l r e s ul ti nmi ne r alo i lbe i ngabs o r be dr at he rt han f unc t i o ni ngasal ubr i c a ntf o rt hebo we lwal l s , po s s i bl yr e s ul t i ngi nf o r e i g nb o dygr anul o ma s
A ppl i c at i o ns -I ti sus e dasane x c i pi e nt i nt he
pr o duc t i o no ft a b l e t s ( asal ubr i c a nt )a nd s us pe ns i o ns ( asane mul s i fie r ) .
Di o c t y ls o di um s ul f o s uc c i nat ei sus e dasa s u r f a c t a n ti nawi der angeo fappl i c a t i o ns ,o f t e n
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ANI ONI C
BRAND NAME
SURFACTANT Al ky le t he rpho s phat e s
EMPI PHOS®DF
Huns t s man
s e r i e s
I nt e r nat i o nal ,No i da,
DEHSCOFI X®904,
Ut t a rPr ade s h,I ndi a
905 SURFONI C® PE s e r i e s ALKANATE®Ps e r i e s
Al ky le t he rs ur f ac t ant , Av ane l ®S150CGN e t ho xy l at edROH
Av e ns aChe mi c al s , Gur ga o n
s ul f o nat e Al ky le t he rs ur f ac t ant
Av ane l ®S74
Av e ns aChe mi c al s , Gur ga o n
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CATI ONI C SURFACTANTS CETRI MI DE 1. APPLI CATI ON : n A t i mi c r o bi alpr e s e r v at i v ei ne y edr o p0. 005%
w/ v A nt i s e pe t i ci ns ki nbur nsandwo unds 0. 11%
Us e dass ha mpo ot or e mo v es c a l ei ns e b o r r he a 1 3 %w/ w
Us e dasc l e ans e randdi s i nf e c t antf o rhar dc o nt ac tl e ns e s
I ngr e di e nt so fc e t r i mi dee mul s i f y i ngwaxando / wc r e am e g .Ce t r i mi dec r e a m
ni o ni cs ur f ac t ant,c i t r at e ,no ni o ni c I NCOMPATI BI LI TY: -a s ur f at ant si nhi ghc o nc e nt r at i o n
-i nge s t e do r a l l yc aus enaus e a,v omi t t i ng,mus c l e TOXI CI TY: 21
2. BENZYLKONI UM CHLORI DE
-Ant i mi c r o bi alpr e s e r vat i v ei n A PPLI CATI ON: o pht hal mi c0. 010. 02%w/ v
Na s a l–0. 00 20 . 0 2%
Par e nt r al–0. 01%
I NCOMPATI BI LI TY: -ani o ni cs ur f ac t ant , c i t r a t e ,no ni o ni cs ur f ac t anti nhi ghc o nc .
TOXI CI TY: -o t o t o xi c i t y appl i e dt oe ar
s ki n-hype r s e ns i t i vi t yo npr o l o nge dc o nt ac t
br o nc ho c o nt r i c t i o n-i nas t hamat i ci nne bul i z e r s o l ut i o n 22
CATI ONI C
BRAND NAME
COMPANY
EMPI GEN®As e r i e s
Re mf r y&Sagar
SURFACTANTS Al ky l di me t h y l a mi ne s
At t o r ne yAddr e s s
a nda l ky l
Mi l l e ni um Pl a z a ,
ami dopr opy l ami n
Se c t o r2 7 ,Gur g ao n
e s
122002.
Qua t e r ni s e d
ALGENE®WF
a mi nee t ho x y l at e s
Huns t s man I nt e r nat i o nal ,No i da, Ut t a rPr a de s h,I ndi a
Quat er nar y
ALGENE®s e r i e s
Re mf r y&Sagar
ammo ni um
EMPI GEN®BACs e r i e s
At t o r ne yAddr e s s
c o mpo unds
EMPI GEN®BCCs e r i e s
Mi l l e ni um Pl a z a ,
EMPI GEN®BCM s e r i e s
Se c t o r2 7 ,Gur g ao n
EMPI GEN®CM s e r i e s
122002.
EMPI GEN®HBCs e r i e s 23
NONI ONI C SURFACTANTS 1.POL YOXYETHYLENEALKYLETHERS
Cat egory: Emul s i f yi ngag ent ,pe ne t r at i o ne nhanc e r , s o l ubi l i z i ngag entandwe t t i ngag ent
I nc ompat i bi l i t i es : Pr e s e nc eo fs t r o nge l e c t r o l yt ec an adv er s e l yaffe c tt hephy s i c a ls t abi l i t yo fe mul s i o n c o nt ai ni ngi t .
Di s c o l o ur a t i o no rpr e c i pi t at i o nwi t hi o di de s ,me r c ur ys al t s , phe no l i cs ubs t anc e s , s al i c y l at e s ,s ul f o nami de s .
I nc o mpat i bl ewi t hdr ugsl i kebe nz o c ai neando x i di z abl e drugs
Ant i mi c r o bi ale ffic i e nc yo fs o mephe no l i cpr e s e r v at i v ei s r e d u c e dduet oh y dr o g e nbo ndi ng
I r r i t at i o no bs e r v e datmo r et han20% c o nc e nt r at i o n
Br ands : Ce t o ma c r o g o l1 00 0Cr e s me r1 00 0;2 5 Vo l po
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2. SORBI TAN FATTYACI D ESTERS
Ca t e g o r y :Di s pe r s i ngag e nt ,e mul s i f yi ngag e nt( 110%),no ni o ni cs ur f ac t ant ,s o l ubi l i z i ngage nt , s us pe ndi ngag e nt , we t t i ngag e nt( 0. 13%)
Gr aduals o a pf o r mat i o ns e e nwi t hs t r o ngac i do r b a s e
Nokno wni nc o mpat i bi l i t i e sa ndo nl yoc c as i o nal hype r s e ns i t i vi t yc as e sha vebe e nr e po r t e d.
Da i l yi nt a ke2 5mg / kg
Br a nds :Te goSML,De hy mul sSMO,Lame s o r b SMS,Pr o t ac hem STS 25
NONI ONI C
BRAND NAME
SURFACTANTS Al ky l po l y s ac c har i de s
ALKADET®s e r i e s
ZaubaTec hnol ogi es& Dat a
ECOTERI C®s e r i e s
Se r v i c e sPr i v at eLi mi t e d No1/ 10,I IFl o o r Ne arGat eNo9 APMCYar d, Ye s hwant hpur Ba ng a l o r e-5 6002 2
Al ky l ami ne
DEHSCOFI X® 947
Huns t s ma nI nt e r na t i o na l ,
e t ho xy l at e s
DEHSCOFI X® 990
No i da,Ut t a rPr a de s h,
EMPI LAN®As e r i e s I ndi a SURFONI C®Ts e r i e s TERI C®16 Ms e r i e s Ami neo xi de s
EMPI GEN®O s e r i e s Huns t s ma nI nt e r na t i o na l , OXAMI N®s e r i e s
No i da,Ut t a rPr a de s h, I ndi a
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GENERALAPPLI CATI ONS
Surfactants in suppository bases Many of these bases can be used for for both water +g) soluble and oil soluble drugs. polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (tween), polyoxyethylene stearates, and the sorbitan fatty acid esters (Span). #harmaceutical ad-u%ants $hey are added to the drugs as /oaming agents eg. Shampoos and 0ather Sha%ing . ream to stabili&e the foam. 27
+mulsifying agents
1hen oil is added in water containing surfactant, the oil is surrounded by surfactant
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WETTI NG AGENTS
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DETERGENTS
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Surfactants for contact lens cleaning
Surfactants act as cleansers, which emulsify accumulated oils, lipids and inorganic compounds o%er contact lenses.
Surfactant agents are utili&ed either with in a mechanical washing de%ice or by placing se%eral drops of the solution on the lens surface and gently rubbing the lens back and forth.
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REFERENCES
Handbo o ko fe x c i pi e nt s
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