SURFACE SYSTEMS
Performance
THROUGH LEADERSHIP
Wellhead and Gate Valve Training Presentation Thursday, February 06, 2014 RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
SURFACE SYSTEMS
Global Facility Locations 3rd QTR 2001 STRATEGY MEETING
Romania, 9,600
Edmonton, 4,200 OKC, 2,400
Beziers & Leeds, (sub.)
Veracruz, 3,000 Singapore & Malaysia, 1,900 Venezuela & Argentina, 700
Sales and Service Locations Manufacturing Plants, 2007 Capacity (in Units) RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
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Why Cameron? When it comes to setting industry standards, Cameron is the Measure of Technology. Facility Size: 53,000 sq ft
Testing capabilities include: • • • • • • • • • •
Pressure, Bending Harsh Environment Fatigue Tensile Underwater/Hazardous Choke Flow Characteristics Hot Oil Circulation Erosion Pull/Push Load Corrosion
We have a dedicated facility for research, development, and proving of new products and technologies.
Cameron Product Showcase RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Presentation Outline • Conventional Well Drilling / Completion • Wellheads • Christmas Trees
Surface Systems
• Seal Technology
• Gate Valves • Actuators • Chokes
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Christmas Tree ----------------
Wellhead Terminology
Tree Cap
Swab Valve
------------- Wing Tee Choke Upper Master Valve Outboard Actuated Safety Valve Lower Master Valve
Outboard Valve Tubing Hanger
C Section -----------------Tubing Spool Tubing Head
B Section -------------------
Casing Hanger
Intermediate Head Casing Spool
A Section -------------------
Annulus Valves Packoff
Lowermost Casing Head Casing Housing Bradenhead Landing Base
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Conventional Well Drilling/Completion
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Wellhead Common Features: • Wellhead support and suspend casing string • Provides a connection point for the pressure control equipment • Contains well pressure • Allows access into the production and annulus bores
Types: • Independent (screwed connection) • Non-Conventional • Conventional (flanged connection)
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Independent (Screwed Wellheads) Features: • • • • •
Low cost option Low pressure wells (<3K) Adaptable for Tubingless completions All-threaded joints Slip or mandrel tubing suspension
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Non-Conventional MBS, MB20, TSW, DBTS, SSMC, SS, CSW
Features: • • • • • •
Enhanced safety Rig time savings Internal lock down Space savings Quick connects Weight savings
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
MBS Multi-Bowl System Features: • Lower two housings installed through rotary • Two casing strings run with only one BOP N/U • High hanging capacity • Rated 5-15K completions
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
MB20 Multi-Bowl System 20K
Features: • • • • • •
Extreme services High hanging capacity High pressure completions Dual Multi-bowl design Fast Clamp connection Metal-to-Metal sealing capabilities
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
TSW Time Savings Wellhead
Features: • • • • • •
Low cost 3-10K completions Installed through rotary Threaded ring quick connect Mandrel hangers available Frac mandrel allows for 10K fracturing on 5K completions
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
DBTS Dual Barrier Time Saver
Features: • • • • • •
Low cost 3-10K completions Fluted mandrel hanger Installed through rotary Threaded ring quick connect Retrievable pack-offs with internal lockdown • Dual barrier sealing and testing capabilities
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
SSMC Standard Snap-Ring Modular Compact Features: • • • • • • • •
5-15K completions Multi-bowl design Installed through rotary Fluted mandrel hanger Metal-to-Metal sealing capabilities Flangelock or Fastlock quick connects Retrievable pack-offs with internal lock-down Lends itself to offshore installations where space and weight are concerns
Flangelock Connector RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Fastlock Connector 14
SURFACE SYSTEMS
SS Wellhead Space Saver
Features: • • • • • •
Low cost Compact profile Eliminates tubing spool Latch type tubing hanger 3-10K completions Nested hangers allow reduced stackup heights
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
CSW Conductor Sharing Wellhead Features: • • • • • • •
Field proven Improved safety Simple operation Low maintenance Cost effective system Maximizes platform space Modular design using SSMC components • Reduced installation time
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
C-15 EX Mudline System
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Conventional Flanged Wellheads Features: • • • • •
High Pressure Severe service Robust with high integrity seals Most Common API Connections
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Casing Housing “A” Section Features: • • • • •
Bottom connection Side outlets Top connection Hanger Bowl Optional landing base
Also known as: • • • •
Lower casing head Casing Housing Braden Head Starter Head
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Casing Housing Bottom Connection Types
Slip-On and Weld (SOW)
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Threaded
Slip Lock
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Casing Housing CAMFORGE™ Casing Connection System Features: • 10K pressure rating • No welding or pre-machining • Hydraulic pressure forms pressure tight metal seal • Mechanical casing cut, so existing Production can continue
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Casing Spool “B” Section: Intermediate Spool
Features: • Bottom connection • Secondary seal • Side outlets • Top connection • Hanger bowl
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Casing Spool Secondary Seal Types P-Seal
NX Bushing
CANH Seal
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Casing Hangers Slip Type Automatic
Manual
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Casing Hangers
Side View
Mandrel Features: • • • •
No waiting on cement Can be run through BOP BPV thread option Hanger can be run with casing
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Casing Hangers Fluted Mandrel Side View
Features: • • • • • •
BPV thread option No waiting on cement Flow-by slots for cement Can be run through BOP Hanger can be run with casing Separate retrievable Pack-off assy
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Tubing Spool “C” Section: Tubing Head Features: • • • • • •
Side outlets Hanger bowl Secondary Seal Top connection Tie-Down screws Bottom connection
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Tubing Hanger Dual Completions MTBS
T-40-CL
Common Features: • • • • • •
BPV prep available Provides annular seal Provides landing thread Suspends weight of tubing Provides down-hole penetrations Metal-to-Metal sealing options for HPHT CXS
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Tubing Hanger Dual Completions
Features: • • • • •
Split hanger design Resilient annular seal Resilient or metal neck seal Used for multiple completions Continuous control line available
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Tubing Hanger
Continuous
Penetrations
Features: • • • • • •
Production SCSSV line Pressure line Temperature lines Chemical injection Electrical submersible pump
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ESP
Non-continuous
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Tubing Head Adapter Features: • • • •
Flange test port Control line exit preparation Tree connection preparation Metal and/or resilient neck seal
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Seal Terminology “Connection Seal” used as an atmospheric seal at all wellhead interfaces
“Primary Seal” used to pack off between the wellhead and the casing in the bowl
“Secondary Seal” used to seal the casing string into the next wellhead bottom RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Seal Descriptions Primary Seals: 1. Casing Hangers: Energized automatically by weight of casing, or manually by cap screws or tiedown screws.
2. Tubing Hangers: -Metal or elastomeric sealing -Machined surface finish sealing area
Secondary Seals: • • • •
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Metal or elastomer seals available. Installed in the bottom of the wellhead Seals against un-machined casing. Self-energized by radial squeeze or manually by adding plastic packing.
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Seal Technology Secondary Seals Comparison Chart Description
P Seal
NX Bushing
T Seal
Canh Seal
Standard and/or Moderately Severe
Standard and/or Moderately Severe
Standard
Severe/ Corrosive
Seal Type
Elastomeric
Elastomeric
Elastomeric
Metal-To-Metal
Working Pressure
Upto 15,000 psi
10,000 psi
5,000 psi
15,000 - 20,000 psi
Means of Energizing Seal
Plastic Packing
Plastic Packing
Radial Interference
Flange / Tie-down / Hydraulic Make-up
Size Range
4-1/2 in. to 24 in.
4-1/2 in. to 16 in.
4-1/2 in. to 18-5/8 in.
3-1/2 in. to 16 in.
Service Rating
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Elastomeric Seals O-Ring
P Seal T Seal
S Seal
Metal End Cap
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Metal-to-Metal Seals
CANH
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MTBS
SRL
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Connection Seals R Ring Gasket
API
RX Ring Gasket
BX
(face-to-face contact)
CF Ring Gasket
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Back Pressure Valve & Two Way Check BPV
Features:
Handling Thread
• Single check available to release bore pressure • Double check available to release bore pressure • Run with polished rod lubricator or dry rod
Seal Hanger Thread
What is it used for? Installed into tubing hanger or mandrel casing hanger to close secure well bore pressures
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TWC
Valve Stem Valve Spring
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Back Pressure Valve Type HP BPV Features: • Utilizes one tool for both BPV and TWC options • Increased safety over H type BPV / TWC • Rig time savings
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Christmas Trees Components Features: • • • • • • •
Valves Tee and crosses Actuators Tree cap Choke Blind / instrument flanges Needle valves / pressure gauges
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Christmas Trees Loose Valves Features: • • • • • •
Cost effective Repair by replacement Flexible manufacturing Single or dual-completions Large bore, high pressure available Alternative stack-up arrangements possible
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Christmas Trees Solid Block Valves
Features: • • • • • •
Compact design Minimum leak paths Multi-cavity single forging High structural strength Single or dual-completions Ideal for offshore platform applications
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Gate Valve Technology • Expanding gate valves
Model M • Slab gate valves
FLS FLS-R (XHPHT) • Valve Selection
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
FLS Gate Valve Slab Gate Features: • 5-20K rating • Forged body • Metal Sealing • Back-seat capability • Low-torque operation • Corrosion resistant materials • Easily maintained, no special tools needed for field repair
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
W-K-M Model M Expanding Gate Features: • • • • • • •
Cast body Metal sealing Low pressure (5K) Low-torque operation Upstream/downstream seal Does not require lubricants to seal Seat faces are isolated when valve is open
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
FLS-R Gate Valve Slab Gate Features: • • • • • • • •
10-20K rating Low torque Value engineered Bi-directional sealing Ball screw assembly Back seats top and bottom Ease of operation & maintenance Minimum of turns lessen wear on stem seal 7-1/16 10,000 Frac Valve
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
FLS vs. FLS-R Comparison 9” 5K TORQUE
FLS 800 Ft-Lb first 4.5 Turns 40 Ft-Lb remaining 54 Turns FLS-R 150 Ft-Lb first 2 Turns 20 Ft-Lb remaining 36 Turns
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
FLS vs. FLS-R Comparison 6-3/8” 15K TORQUE FLS 1800 Ft-Lb first 6.5 Turns 55 Ft-Lb remaining 32 Turns FLS-R 225 Ft-Lb first 2.5 Turns 20 Ft-Lb remaining 12.75 Turn
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
FLS-R Gate Valve HPHT 9 in. 15 k
Fail-As-Is with Hydraulic actuator. Gulf Mexico 7500’ water depth RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
XHP/HT HPHT Wellhead-Tree 20,000 PSI / 300 Plus Degrees
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Gate Valve Selection Wellhead Applications Pressure Rating (psi) Size (in.)
2,000
3,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
1-13/16
2-1/16
FL Slab type or
2-9/16
M expanding gate
FLS Slab type gate valves Note 1:
3 4 FLS Slab type gate valves
5-1/8 6-3/8 7-3/8
FLS slab type gate valves with tailrod for manual valves
9 Note
1: Use FLS Slab type gate valves for Clad or subsea applications. 2: FL and FLS are forged, Model M is cast.
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
API Temperature Classes OPERATING RANGE (DEG. C)
OPERATING RANGE (DEG. F)
API TEMP CLASSIFICATION (MIN.)
(MAX.)
(MIN.)
(MAX.)
K
-75
TO
180
-60
TO
82
L
-50
TO
180
-46
TO
82
N
-50
TO
140
-46
TO
60
P
-20
TO
180
-29
TO
82
R
ROOM TEMPERATURE
ROOM TEMPERATURE
S
0
TO
140
-18
TO
60
T
0
TO
180
-18
TO
82
U
0
TO
250
-18
TO
121
V
35
TO
250
2
TO
121
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
API Material Class API Material Class
Body, Bonnet, End & Outlet Connections
Pressure Controlling Parts, Stems, & Mandrel Hangers
AA- General Service
Carbon or low alloy steel
Carbon or low alloy steelb
BB- General Service
Carbon or low alloy steel
Stainless Steel
CC- General Service
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
DD- Sour Servicea
Carbon or low alloy steelb
Carbon or low alloy steelb
EE- Sour Servicea
Carbon or low alloy steelb
Stainless steelb
FF- Sour Servicea
Stainless steelb
Stainless steelb
HH- Sour Servicea
Corrosion Resistant Alloyb
Corrosion Resistant Alloyb
ZZ- Sour Service
User Definedb
User Definedb
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NACE Material Usage Limits Material Type
Application (Part)
Maximum H2S at 5000 psi (34,5 Mpa)
Minimum pH of water phase
Maximum Temperature
Carbon or Low Alloy Steel
Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem
No Limit
No Limit
No Limit
410 or F6NM Stainless Steel
Body, Bonnet, Gate, Seat
No Limit
3.5
No Limit
Stem or Hanger
300 ppm
3.5
No Limit
Valve Stems Only
100 ppm
4.5
No Limit
Ring Gasket
No Limit
No Limit
No Limit
Gate, Seat, Stem
3000 ppm
No Limit
140° F (60° C)
Stellite or Tungsten Carbide
Gates, Seats Choke, Trim
No Limit
No Limit
No Limit
Nickel Alloys 718 and 925
Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem
No Limit
No Limit
275° F (135° C)
40000 ppm
No Limit
400° F (204° C)
Nickel Alloys 625 and 825
Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem
No Limit
No Limit
No Limit
17-4 PH SST or Monel k-500 316 or 304 Stainless Steel
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Actuators Pneumatic Diaphragm and Piston
Features: • • • • • • •
Used on remotely operate valves and chokes Uses basic air supply to operate 170 psi operating pressure Simple, but robust design Inexpensive to install and maintain Manufactured to NACE MR0175, (H2S) May be MMS certified for offshore installations
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Actuators Hydraulic Piston Features: • • • • • •
Used in multiple applications Available for valves from 2” to 9” Single or double piston design available Visual indicators for easy viewing Wire line cutting capability if needed Often used offshore where space and weight are critical • Fail open / close / in-place • Ideal for extreme cold environment
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Chokes Definition: Restriction in a flow line that causes a pressure drop or reduces the rate of flow through an orifice
Types: • • • •
Fixed bean Needle and seat External sleeve Plug & cage
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Choke Throttling Methods Fixed Bean:
Plug and Cage:
• Best for infrequent adjustments • Used on Production Xmas trees
• High capacity • Good controllability • Eliminates body erosion
Needle and Seat:
External Sleeve:
• Simplest application • Least expensive adjustable choke • Best for pressure control • High capacity
• Superior erosion resistance • Eliminates body erosion
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Types of Chokes There are two types of Chokes that are commonly available.
Fixed or Positive RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
Adjustable Chokes 59
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H2 Needle and Seat Chokes Body Sizes: 2”, 3” 4” Trim Sizes: 1”, 2”, 3” Pressure Ratings: To 15,000 psi • Positive & Adjustable • Minimum Parts easily maintained • Easily changed from fixed to adjustable • Can pass relatively large solids
• Typical applications: • Wellheads • Production Manifolds • Choke & Kill Manifolds • Well Testing & Clean-up
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
“MOV” Multiple Orifice Valve Choke Body Sizes: 1”, 2”, 3”, 4”, 6” Trim Sizes: Disc Trims Pressure Ratings: 3,000 psi to 10,000 psi The MOV uses two matched discs, each with a pair of circular openings to create variable flow as one disc is rotated relative to the other.
• Positive & Adjustable
• Minimum Parts easily maintained • Precision Flow Control • Good Shut-off capabilities • Reversible seats • Typical applications: • Wellheads • Manifolds • Gas lift, CO2 injection
• Subsea applications RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Choke Sizing To allow Flow Coefficient to be calculated for a complete range of fluids, including multi-phase. Cameron Willis has developed the most validated choke sizing program in the industry. It is based on scientific principles and results of extensive flow capacity testing. To ensure optimum accuracy the sizing program contains an extensive database of Cameron Willis choke designs, sizes, & trim characteristics and is capable of predicting the onset of cavitation and choked flow.
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Choke Sizing Correct Sizing is critical to proper Choke Performance
OVERSIZED • Reduced Controllability • Vibration • Increased Erosion
UNDERSIZED • Insufficient Flow Capacity
• Lower Production Rates •Excessive Pressure Drops
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Summary Wellhead an arrangement of pressure containing housings and spools, connected together in a pressure-tight assembly supporting multiple, concentric strings of casing / tubing. RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Summary Casing Hangers top of the casing string landed in a housing bowl to support the weight of string and seal off the annulus. Seal energized by string weight, tie-down screws or manually torquing cap screws.
Tubing Hangers top of the tubing to support the tubing weight, seal off from the annulus and allow down hole penetrations to penetrate the hanger. RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Summary Christmas Tree an assembly of valves, flanges, crosses, tees and chokes to control flow from (or into) a well.
Actuators pneumatic or hydraulic actuated devices to remotely close in a valve.
Chokes a restriction in the flowline to control flowrate and pressure of the well. RAISING PERFORMANCE. TOGETHERTM
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