This paper recapitulates the drilling operation, the main materials used in drilling as well as the important drilling activities. The second part of this paper will be reserved to mud logging acti...
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menjelaskan tentang fungsi dari WHC dan prinsip kerjanyaFull description
L3 - DRILLING & SUBSEA WELLHEADS • EXPLORATION METHODS • RESERVOIR MODELLING AND DRILLING PROGRAMME • TYPICAL SUBSEA WELLS • OFFSHORE DRILLING VESSELS • DRILLING A SUBSEA WELL • WELLHEADS – Design & Function • WELLHEADS - Connection to BOPs and Trees
WELL TYPES Production Platform
Mobile Drilling Vessels
Flowline
Xmas tree
Satellite well
Development wells Appraisal well Wildcat well (dry hole)
(at reservoir boundary) Original Exploration/D iscovery well
Note Development wells may be vertical wells or more complex extended reach or horizontal wells
Reservoir engineering is defined as the application of scientific principles to drainage issues arising during the development and production of oil and gas reservoirs. • Build reservoir architecture utilising G&G mapping • Populate model with reservoir properties utilising G&G integration • Evaluate production tests • Flow analysis Water drive, gas injection,water flood, etc. • Volumetrics • Reservoir simulation • Production history match
The science explores the engineering operations involved in analysing the production behaviour of oil and gas wells, including well performance engineering, reservoir aspects of well erformance, restricted flow into the wellbore, rate decline analysis, and fundamentals of artificial lift.
DEVELOPING THE DRILLING PLAN - Bottom Hole Targets
BRITANNIA FIELD - North Sea
XMAS TREE WHEN IN PRODUCTION MODE IN PRODUCTION MODE A 5½ “ PRODUCTION TUBING IS HUNG FROM THE WELLHEAD/TREE TO THE RESERVOIR. IT IS PACKED OFF THERE. WHEN THE CASING IS PERFORATED THE OIL FLOWS UP THE PRODUCTION TUBING AND THROUGH THE TREE
BLOWOUT PREVENTOR WHEN IN DRILLING MODE
WELLHEAD
WELLHEAD FIXED TO TOP OF INNER CONDUCTOR SEA BED 120 m OUTER CONDUCTOR
36” HOLE 30” CASING
26” HOLE
200 m
INNER CONDUCTOR
183/4” CASING 450 m 171/2 ” HOLE 133/8” CASING
SURFACE STRING 1300 m
121/4” HOLE
INTERMEDIATE STRING
95/8” CASING
2600 m LINER
81/2” HOLE
3200 m
7” CASING
A TYPICAL NORTH SEA CASING DESIGN
RESERVOIR
JOINT OPERATORS CONOCOPHILLIPS AND CHEVRONTEXACO
OFFSHORE DRILLING RIGS
Station keeping normally using Dynamic Positioning Thrusters
Legs sit on seabed JACK UP
Shallow water SEMI-SUBMERSIBLE DRILLI NG RIG
Shallow and Deepwater. Station keeping by Mooring Lines or Dynamic Positioning Thrusters
DRILLSHIP
Normally Deepwater
SEDCO EXPRESS
DRILL SHIP
PRIDE AFRICA & ANGOLA - Working in Deepwater Angola
OFFSHORE DRILLING SYSTEM
RUNNING WELLHEAD AND CEMENTING CASING
Casing lowered into funnel up capture on guidebase
RUNNING WELLHEAD AND CEMENTING CASING
Wellhead locked into housing
Subsea Wellheads / Purposes
• To support BOP and seal with well casing during drilling • To support and seal the subsea production tree • To support and seal the well casing • To support and seal the production tubing hanger
Subsea wellheads • Most widely size used : 18” 3/4 (Nom. Bore) • Other sizes: 13” 5/8 , 16” 3/4 (Brasil) and 21 ” 3/4
Vetco H-4 mandrel profile
• 18” 3/4 x 15 Ksi now available • Deepwater wellheads designed for much higher bending and tension loads Cameron hub profile
18 ¾” HP wellhead housing
Wellhead to casing hanger Metal Seal assembly Bypass Area Wellhead to casing hanger Metal Seal assembly Passive Pre-loaded lockdown system
7” casing hanger – For Glenelg the tubing hanger is at this elevation and replaces the 7” casing hanger 10 3/4” casing hanger 13 3/8” casing hanger Wellhead to casing hanger Metal Seal assembly High strength load shoulder
10 3/4” casing 13 3/8” casing 20” casing 30” conductor A Annulus B Annulus C Annulus
TYPICAL SUBSEA WELLHEAD
Wellhead Housing Joint • Provides a mechanical connection and sealing preparation for the BOP stack and tree. • Provides landing, locking, and sealing preparations for the subsequently run casing hangers
Permanent Guide Base
Mounted to the low pressure conductor housing. structure with guideposts for guiding equipment onto or into the wellhead, or it may be a guidelineless style with funnels.
