sublimation and melting point determination

[WDHINLPIOF LF@ NGHPIFE ]OIFP @GPGTNIFLPIOF Cito L& Hlrlnlfl( Cobf ]lptikj P& Hisltof`o( Flin E& Nlkl{lhofe( Nlkl{lhofe( @of Eih{of H& Nl`gtl{o( Rysl [& Nlhgfld Etow} 0

4L.Ng`iklh Pgkbfohoey

Otelfik Kbgni{pty

LD[PTLKP Pbg {ln}hg oa Dgfsoik lki` ul{ }wtiaig` pbtoweb {wdhinlpiof& Pbi{ }tokg{{ okkwt{ ia pbg ql}ot }tg{{wtg oa l {wd{plfkg i{ etglpgt pblf pbg lpno{}bgtik }tg{{wtg& [ifkg pbg ql}ot klf {ohi`iay( ql}otislpiof.{ohi`iaiklpiof kykhg ul{ w{g` dy pbg etow} l{ l }wtiaiklpiof }tokg{{& Pbg {wdhinlpg kohhgkpg` lapgt {ohi`iaiklpiof dgklng kohothg{{ fgg`hg.hijg kty{plh{& Pbg nghpife }oifp ul{ `gpgtnifg` pbtoweb l {gp.w} w{ife lf oih dlpb lf` l pbgtnongpgt& Pbg nghpife }oifp oa pbg {ln}hg( ubikb ul{ <44½K( ul{ kho{g po pbg nghpife }oifp oa pbg {plf`lt`( ubikb ul{ <40½K&

IFPTO@WKPIOF [wdhinlpiof i{ pbg }tokg{{ ubgtg {ong {ohi`{ pblp pblp klf klf }l{{ }l{{ `itg `itgkp kphy hy ifpo ifpo pbg pbg ql}ot l}ot }bl{ }bl{g g uipbowp }l{{ife pbtoweb pbg hi|wi` }bl{g& [ifkg pbg ql}o l}ot klf {ohi`i hi`iay ay(( pbg pbg ql}o ql}oti tis slpio lpiof. f. {ohi` {ohi`ia iaik iklpi lpiof of }tok }tokg{ g{{ { kykh kykhg g klf klf dg w{g` w{g` l{ l }wtiaiklpiof }tokg{{& [wdhinlpiof( pbgtgaotg( i{ l pgkb pgkbfi fi|w |wg g w{g` w{g` po }wti }wtiay ay {ohi {ohi` ` nirp nirpwt wtg{ g{&& Pbg Pbg }wti }wtipi pig{ g{(( bou bougqgt gqgt(( klf klf dg `ofg `ofg ofhy ofhy ia pbg pbg in}wtipig in}wtipig{ { ltg fof.qohl fof.qohlpihg pihg ot blqg {iefiaik {iefiaiklfphy lfphy hougt ql}ot }tg{{wtg pblf pbg }wtg kon}owf`& If pbi{ pbi{ gr}g gr}gti tin ngfp gfp {wdh {wdhin inlp lpio iof f ul{ ul{ w{g` w{g` l{ l }wtia }wtiaikl iklpio piof f }tokg{ }tokg{{ { dy pbg etow} etow}&& Pbg Pbg nghpif nghpife e }oif }oifpp oa pbg pbg {ln {ln}hg }hg lf` lf` pbg pbg {wd{ {wd{pl plfk fkg g ul{ ul{ `gpgtnifg` dy pbg etow} uipb pbg w{g oa l {gp.w} ubik bikb i{ kon}o{ }o{g` oa l bop oih dlpb lpb lf` lf` l pbgtnongpgt po ngl{wtg pbg pgn}gtlpwtg oa pbg {wd{ {wd{plf plfkg kg ubgf ubgf ip dgeif{ dgeif{ po nghp& nghp& Pbg Pbg nghpif nghpife e }oifp oa pbg {ln}hg kon}ltg` po pbg {plf`lt` i{ hougt& Pbg {ln}hg eiqgf ul{ fop pblp }wtg pblp i{ uby pbg pbg etow etow} } fgg` fgg`g` g` po }wti }wtiay ay ip pbto pbtowe web b {wdhinlpi {wdhinlpiof& of& Pbg ql}ot ql}ot kohhgkpg` kohhgkpg` ul{ {ohi`iaig` {ohi`iaig` lf` ip pwtfg` pwtfg` ifpo kohothg{{ kohothg{{ fgg`hg.hij fgg`hg.hijg g kty{plh{ kty{plh{ ubikb ugtg }whqgtisg` if ot`gt po dg kofplifg` if{i`g l kl}ihhlty pwdg ubikb uowh` hlpgt dg }wp if lf oih dlpb po `gpgtnifg pbg nghpife }oifp& If pbi{ gr}gtingfp( pbg etow} {bowh` dg ldhg po lpplif pbg aohhouife aohhouife odcgkpiqg{ odcgkpiqg{33 "<) ]wtiay dgfsoik dgfsoik lki` dy {wdhinlpiof& "4) @gpgtnifg lf` kon}ltg pbg nghpife }oifp oa pbg }to`wkp uipb l {plf`lt`& ";) Klhkwhlpg pbg }gtkgfpleg tgkoqgty&

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<& ]tg}lt ]tg}ltlpi lpiof of oa pbg pbg kl}ihhl kl}ihhlty ty pwdg pwdg Of ofg {i`g oa pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg bglp ofg gf` oa pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg w{ife l Dwf{gf dwtfgt&

Ubihg bglpife ofg gf` oa pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg toplpg ip po nljg ip gqgf& Kofpifwg bglpife ip wfpih pbg opbgt gf` oa pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg i{ poplhhy kho{g`& 4& ]tg}ltlpio ]tg}ltlpiof f oa pbg bop oih dlpb dlpb {gp.w} {gp.w} If l khgl khglf f dglj dgljgt gt }wp }wp wfw{ wfw{g` g` kooj koojif ife e oih oih ldow ldowpp blha blha.aw .awhh& hh& ]hlk ]hlkg g pbg pbg dglj dgljgt gt of po} po} oa l pti}o` pti}o` uipb uipb l uitg. uitg.elw elwsg sg lf` l Dw Dwf{ f{gf gf dwtf dwtfgt gt wf`g wf`gtf tfglp glpb b ip& ip& Lppl Lpplkb kb pbg pbg pbgt pbgtno nong ngpgt pgt if l khln} lf` {wdngteg ip uipb pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg{ if pbg oih dlpb& ;& ]wtiaik ]wtiaiklpi lpiof of oa oa pbg Dgfs Dgfsoik oik lki` lki` ]hlk ]hlkg g 7&=e 7&=e oa in}w in}wtg tg dgfs dgfsoi oik k lki` lki` if lf gql}otlpif pife `i{b& Koqgt pbg `i{b uipb l }gtaotlpg` aihpgt }l}gt& Of po} oa pbg aihpgt }l}gt( lf ifqgtpg` }tg.ugiebpg` ulpkb ehl{{ {bowh` dg }hlkg }hlkg`& `& Bglp Bglp pbg {wd{ {wd{plf plfkg kg w{ife w{ife l bop bop }hlpg& }hlpg& Kooh Kooh pbg pbg kgfp kgfpgt gt po} po} oa pbg pbg ulpk ulpkb b ehl{ ehl{{ { uipb uipb l pi{{w pi{{wg g }l}gt }l}gt jg}p jg}p noi{p noi{p uipb uipb ulpgt ulpgt&& Kofpi Kofpifwg fwg bglp bglpif ife e aot aot <=.< <=.<7 7 nifw nifwpg pg{ { wfpi wfpihh no{p no{p oa pbg pbg {ln}hg bl{ ql}otisg`& [po} bglpife lf` kooh pbg {gp.w}& {gp.w}& Kltgawhhy Kltgawhhy ifqgtp ifqgtp pbg }tg.ugiebp }tg.ugiebpg` g` ulpkb ulpkb ehl{{ ehl{{&& Kohhgk Kohhgkpp lhh pbg {wdhi {wdhinlp nlpg g "ifkhw "ifkhw`if `ife e pbg kty{plh{ l`bgtife po pbg }gtaotlpg` aihpgt }l}gt) if pbg pbg }tg. }tg.u ugieb iebpg` pg` ulpkb lpkb ehl{ hl{{ lf` ugieb gieb&& Klhkwhlpg pbg }gtkgfpleg tgkoqgty& 0& @gpgtn @gpgtnifif ifife e oa Nghp Nghpife ife }oif }oifpp Aot Aot nghpi nghpife fe }oifp }oifp `gpgtn `gpgtnifl iflpiof piof(( etif` etif` pbg {wdhinlpg ifpo l aifg }ou`gt& ]tg{{ pbg o}gf gf` oa pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg ifpo pbg }ou`gt& @to} pbg kho{g` gf` oa pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg `ouf pbtoweb l ehl{{ pwdife {gqgtlh ping{ wfpih ip i{ ughh.}lkjg` uipb ;.7 nn oa pbg pbg {wdhin dhinlp lpg& g& Lpplk pplkb b pbg pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg po l pbgtnongpgt uipb l }igkg oa  pbtgl`/twddgt dlf`& Lhief po pbg kho{g` gf` oa  pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg uipb pbg ngtkwty dwhd oa pbg pbgtnongpgt& Inngt{g pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg if lf oih dlpb lf` bglp& [pit kof{plfphy& Pljg fopg oa  pbg pgn}gtlpwtg lp ubikb pbg {wdhinlpg {pltp{ po ngh` lf` ubgf ip i{ kon}hgpghy nghpg`&

TG[WHP[ LF@ @I[KW[[IOF Lapgt {wdcgkpife pbg {wd{plfkg po bglpife pbg ql}ot dgelf po {ohi`iay lf` dgklng kty{ kty{plh plhhif hifg g if flpwt flpwtg& g& Pbg Pbg {wd{p {wd{plfk lfkg g pblp pblp ul{ ul{ ofkg ofkg lnot}bow lnot}bow{ { ubgf {wdcgkpg` {wdcgkpg` po {wdhinlpio {wdhinlpiof f dgelf po dg l kohothg{{ fgg`hg.hijg kty{plh ubikb ul{ hlpgt of etif`g` po dg ldhg po lhhou ip po dg if{gtpg` po pbg kl}ihhlty pwdg{& Pbg =&5=e oa pbg dgfsoik lki` "{wdhinlpg) pblp ul{ kohhgkpg` aton pbg }tgqi }tgqiow{ ow{ 7&=e 7&=e oa dgfso dgfsoik ik lki` lki` {ln}hg {ln}hg&& Pbg Pbg }gtkgf }gtkgfple pleg g tgkoqg tgkoqgtt oa pbg dgfsoik dgfsoik lki` lki` if pbg {wd{ {wd{plf plfkg kg i{ <0'& <0'& Pbg Pbg etif`g etif`g` ` kty{ kty{plh{ plh{ ugtg ugtg if{g if{gtp tpg` g` po l kl}i kl}ihh hhlt lty y pwdg pwdg lppl lpplkb kbg` g` po pbg pbg pbgtnongpgt( ubikb ul{ hlpgt of {wdcgkpg` po l bop oih dlpb ubikb ul{ w{g` po nghp pbg {wd{plfkg poegpbgt uipb pbg {plf`lt` po dg ldhg po kon}ltg pbgit nghpife }oifp{ aton glkb opbgt& Pbg Pbg {plf {plf`l `lt` t` dgel dgelf f po nghp nghp lp <40½ <40½K K lf` lf` ip dgklng kon}hgpghy nghpg` lp <47½K& Pbg {ln}hg dgelf po nghp lp <44½K lf` ip dgklng kon}hgpghy nghpg` lp <4;½K& Pbgtgaotg( ofg kowh` kofkhw`g pblp pblp pbg pbg {plf {plf`l `lt` t` bl{ bl{ l bieb biebgt gt nghpi nghpife fe }oif }oifpp kon}ltg` kon}ltg` po pbg {wdhinlpg {wdhinlpg ubikb ubikb ul{ lk|witg` lk|witg` pbtoweb {wdhinlpiof&

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