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CHEMISTRY PROJECT
AIM-- Study Of Constituents Of An Alloy AIM
Name –Souradip Sen Board roll no- 5664184
Contents PAGE NO 1. Acknowledgement 2. Introduction 3. Aim of the experiment
3/13 4/13 5/13
a- General objective b- Specific objective 4. Materials Required 5. Theory 6. Details of procedure and
Acknowledgement I, Souradip Sen of class XLL –C express my gratitude to my school authorities for allowing me to undertake the project titled Alloy
Analysis
I naturally could not have done justice to my delicate assignment, had I not been privileged to get the animate guidance from Mr.T.N.Dey, Chemistry teacher of Deepika E.M School. I also express sincere thanks to my family who extended helping hand in completing this project. Souradip Sen
Signatures: Student
Internal
Examiner
External Examiner
Introduction An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or a metal and non-metal. They are generally harder than their components with reduced malleability and ductility. Alloys are prepared to enhance certain characteristics of the constituent metals, as per requirement. In this project, we shall qualitatively analyze the chemical composition of two alloys: Brass and Bronze
Aim of the Experiment General objective: This project is being carried out with a view to increase the appreciation of alloyanalysis as an important branch of chemistry. The hands-on laboratory experience gained is highly beneficial in understanding the general procedure of qualitative analysis of an unknown sample.
Specific objective: In this project, we shall be analyzing the constituents of Brass and Bronze.
Materials Required 1) Brass and Bronze pieces 2) China dishes 3) Filtration apparatus 4) Nitric acid 5) Hydrogen sulphide gas 6) Ammonium hydroxide 7) Ammonium chloride 8) Potassium ferrocyanide 9) Ammonium sulphide 10) Dil hydrochloric acid 11) Mercuric chloride
Theory Brass Brass contains Cu and Zn . Both dissolve in nitric acid.
4Zn+ 10 HNO3= 4Zn(NO ) 3)2 + N 2O + 5H 2O
3Cu + 8 HNO3= 3Cu(NO ) 3)2 + 4H 2O+2NO Further analysis is carried out for respective ions. Cu dissolves in H 2 2S to give black ppt. ppt. of CuS. CuS. It is filtered to get the soln of Zinc Sulphide. It precipitates out in the form of ZnCl 2 2 in an ammoniacal soln. of Ammonium chloride. The precipitate is dissolved in dilute HCl and then treated with Potassium ferrocyanide to get a bluish- white ppt. of Zn 2 2[Fe(CN) [ Fe(CN) 6 6 ].
Bronze Bronze contains Cu and Sn. Their nitrates are obtained by dissolving the sample in conc. Nitric acid. The nitrates through their are precipitated as sulphides by passing H 2 2S solution in dil. HCl. The CuS is insoluble in yellow ammonium sulphide, while SnS is soluble. The ppt. is separated by filtration. The ppt. is dissolved in conc. HNO 3 3 and then Ammonium hydroxide solution is passed through it.Blue colouration confirms the the presense presense of Cu. Cu. The filtrate is treated with conc. HCl followed by Zinc dust to obtain SnCl 2 2 . Then HgCl 2 2 solution is added. Formation of slate-coloured ppt. indicates the presence of Sn. (conc.) = SnCl 4 + H 4 2S 2 SnS 2 2 +HCl (conc.) S FeCl 2 2 SnCl 4 4 +Fe= SnCl 2 2+FeCl + l 2 + SnCl 2 4 4 SnCl 2 2 + HgCl 2 2 = Hg 2 2Cl C
Detail of Procedure/Observati Procedure/Observations ons Brass: 1. A small piece of brass was placed in a china dish and dissolved in minimum quantity of 50%conc.HNO 3 . 2. The soln. was heated to obtain a dry residue. The residue was dissolved in Dilute HCl. 3. H 2 2S gas was passed and a black.ppt. was observed. The soln. was filtered and the ppt. was dissolved in NH 4 4 OH OH soln. A blue coloration observed indicates the presence of Cu. 4. The filtrate was tested for presence of Zn. Ammonium hydroxide and chloride solutions were added and then H 2 2S gas was passed. A dull grey ppt. was separated and dissolved in dil. HCl followed by addition of Potassium
ferrocyanide. A bluish white ppt. confirms the presense of Zn.
Bronze: 1.
The sample was dissolved in 50% HNO 3 and then heated to obtain nitrates.
2. The nitrates were dissolved in dil. HCl
and then precipitated as sulphides by passing H 2 2 S S gas.
3. The precipitates were treated with yellow amm.sulphide when a part of it dissolves. The soln. was filtered.
4. The ppt. was tested for Cu as in the case of brass.
5. The filtrate was treated with conc. HCl followed by Fe dust.
6. Then HgCl soln. was added. Formation of a 2 2
slate-coloured ppt. confirmed the presence of Sn.
Conclusion Brass contains Copper and Zinc. Bronze contains Copper and Tin.
Bibliography 1. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry- Class 12. 2. Inorganic Chemistry by J. D.Lee. Signa tures:
