ABSTRACT
STUDENT GRADING SYSTEM (SGS) deals with the maintenance of university, college, faculty, student information within the university. SGS is an automation system, which is used to store the college, faculty, student, courses and information of a college. Starting from registration of a new student in the college, it maintains all the details regarding the attendance and marks of the students. The project deals with retrieval of information through an INTRANET based campus wide portal. It collects related information from all the departments of an organization and maintains files, which are used to generate reports in various forms to measure individual and overall performance of the students.
Development process of the system starts with System analysis. System analysis involves creating a formal model of the problem to be solved by understanding requirements.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Grades are standardized measurements of varying levels of comprehension within a subject area. Grades can be assigned in letters (for example, A, B, C, D, E, or F), as a range (for example 4.0– 1.0), as descriptors (excellent, great, satisfactory, needs improvement), in percentages, or, as is common in some post-secondary institutions in some countries, as a Grade Point Average (GPA). GPA is calculated by taking the number of grade points a student earned in a given period of time divided by the total number of credits taken. The GPA can be used by potential employers or further post-secondary institutions to assess and compare applicants. A Cumulative Grade Point Average is a calculation of the average of all of a student's grades for all semesters and courses completed up to a given academic term, whereas the GPA may only refer to one term.
MOTIVATION System metric and student show that result and mark All-to-often grades are used inappropriately as a manipulative tool to get students to class.
OBJECTIVE This is a web-based database application for a university where students and instructors will be able to use the system to perform their related operations like checking and assigning of grades respectively. It is a role based access system where every user login is authenticated by means of a user name and password with which he/she will be able to login to his/her respective pages and use the system as required.
PURPOSE OF THE SYSTEM STUDENT GRADING SYSTEM (SGS) deals with the maintenance of university, college, faculties, student information within the university. This project of SGS involved the automation of student information that can be implemented in different college managements The project deals with retrieval of information through an INTRANET based campus wide portal. It collects related information from all the departments of an organization and maintains files, which are used to generate reports in various forms to measure individual and overall performance of the students.
EXISTING SYSTEM The system starts with registration of new staff and students. When the subjects are to be allocated to the faculty, the Head of the Department should enter everything in the Excel sheets. Then the staff enters corresponding subject’s attendance and marks of a student then those must also be entered in the Excel sheets and validations are to be done by the user itself. So there will be a lot of work to be done and must be more conscious during the entrance of details. So, more risk is involved. PROBLEMS IN THE EXISTING SYSTEM: Storing and accessing the data in the form of Excel sheets and account books is a tedious work. It requires a lot of laborious work. It may often yield undesired results. Maintaining these records as piles may turn out to be a costlier task than any other of the colleges and institutions RISKS INVOLVED IN EXISTING SYSTEM: Present System is time-consuming and also results in lack of getting inefficient results. Some of the risks involved in the present system are During the entrance of marks and attendance, if any mistake is done at a point, then this becomes cumulative and leads to adverse consequences If there is any need to retrieve results it may seem to be difficult to search.
PROPOSED SYSTEM STUDENT GRADING SYSTEM (SGS) makes management to get the most updated information always by avoiding manual accounting process. This system has the following functional divisions. University Administrator College Administrator User (Students / Faculties).
College Administrator has the rights of creating department, allocating courses to departments, creating faculties, students and allocating subjects to faculties and modifications in the data entered by the user can also be done by the college administrator. User of this may be faculty or students. Faculty has the facility of entering the marks and attendance of the students. Students can check their marks and attendance but there is no chance of modifications. Reports must be generated for the existing data i.e. for attendance and marks of the students, which are used to assess the performance of the students. These reports should be viewed by the in charge and user.
LITERARY SURVEY Most colleges and universities and some private schools offer a pass/fail grading system for at least some of their courses. In some institutions, pass/fail is the only option for some or all of their courses. Student grading system is different from the traditional five-interval grading system that gives students A, B, C, D or F grades to give them an idea of their academic standing and progress This system of a clear boundary between making the grade or falling short has benefits for students individually as well as collectively. TYPES OF GRADING Mastery Grading Grading Scale Letter Grades
PERSONAL BENEFITS Students work hard to attain their grades without worrying about competition. In the case of younger students, this also builds self-esteem and confidence, as the grade does not compare with other students --- it is simply a statement of their own merit and skill. In the tiered system of grades, there is competition, and students might suffer from inferiority complexes if their grades are lower than those of their peers. In the case of older students in professional courses, it helps in the same way: the focus turns to achieving your own personal best. FEATURES Central database: Collect and report all of your school's student and staff information. School customizable: Customize the program to meet your school's data collection and reporting needs. User customizable: Each user can customize the program for their specific job responsibilities.
Search and analyze: Search and report based on any information in the database. Break down the student body by race, gender, age, etc. Batch entry: Quickly and easily enter information into the records of all or a group of students. Report writer: Comprehensive report writer lets you create any type of report, letter, label, sophisticated report, or other document. Customize reports: Customize any report you need to meet your exact needs. Data merge: Print mailing labels merging any student information; save your secretary hours of labor. Export Easily: Export student data to other programs. Flexible security: You choose the level of security appropriate for your school. E-Mail Tools: E-mail any document, letter or report you create in Administrator's Plus using our e-mail module. Multi-language reports: The report writer supports multiple languages for many reports. While grade scales in the U.S. are fairly standard, debates and questions about grading continue today. There are similar questions about variability, because grading can be a subjective process, as well as more philosophical questions about the relationship of grades to learning. Finally, even the grade scale itself is not exactly the same at all schools. Universities have always evaluated students, but the modern grading system did not always exist. In fact, in the 18th century, there was no standardized means of evaluating students, and certainly no means by which student performance at one institution could be easily compared with student performance somewhere else. One of the first instances of an attempt to evaluate students systematically . GPA will be used to measure the academic standing of a student. The Current GPA is calculated based on the graded modules taken in that semester. Please refer to the following illustration on the computation. The method of computing the Current Grade Point Average (Current GPA) for six modules with
one non-graded module, in a particular semester is as shown below: Sum of ( Credit Units x Grade Points) Current GPA = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Total current semester credit units (graded modules)
Module Module A Module B Module C Module D Module E Module F Total credit units enrolled Less credit units of non-graded module (Module F)
Total credit units earned for the semester
Credit Grade Unit 4 AD 5 A 5 B 4 C+ 2 F 3 PX 23
Grade Point 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 0.0 -
3 Total
20
Sum of ( Credit Units x Grade Points) Current GPA = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Total current semester credit units (graded modules) 16 + 20 + 15 + 10 + 0 = ---------------------------------4 + 5 + 5 + 4+ 2 61 = ---------20 =
(Credit Unit x Grade Point) 16 20 15 10 0 -
3.05
This system can be represented in a table, as follows:
61
Grade
Average
Definition
percentage
S
100%
Honor & Excellent
A
90%
A particularly outstanding achievement
B
80%
An achievement that surpasses the average standard
C
70%
An achievement that fulfills the average standard
D
60%
E
50% Fail - considerable further work is required.
F
Indescribably bad performance, total absence or failure to take any exams or do any work.
Equivalency to other grade systems ECTS SCALE
U.S. Grade equivalents
Swiss Grade equivalent
German Grade equivalent
A
A
6
1.0-1.2
B
A-/B+
5.5
1.3-1.5
C
B
5
1.6-2.5
D
C+
4.5
2.6-3.5
E
C
4
3.6-4.0
FX
F
3.5
4.1
F
F
3
INPUT AND OUTPUTS:
The major inputs and outputs and major functions of the system are follows: INPUTS: University Administrator enter his user id and password for login to authenticate in this system University Administrator creates the college. While registration Colleges can able to provide their information like College id College name Address Information of college Password for the college Administrator can create the various college details in this website. Registered colleges and staff need to submit their log in information for change their password. For searching College details guest need to choose the colleges or search college option for user interface. For searching a college a guest can choose search college option. For upload their details’ a college must login to their profile For display they have to view the reports. OUTPUTS: Administrator can have his own home page. Colleges ans staff and student have their own home page after completion of the authentication process. Admin get all colleges and staff and course details.
The registered user’s data can be stored in centralized database through the system user interface. Various types of information can be displayed to the users like colleges, courses and course subjects etc After successful submission of log in information users can got their new password. Profile can be update by the users individually.
MODULES The online test created for taking online test has following stages o Administrator Login o
User Login
o SMS Setting ( WEB interfce) ADMINISTRATOR Enter student grade for a course Update student grade for a course Search for student record (based on student ID or student name) Run reports to calculate class performance Run reports to enquire grades for any student in the class LOGIN:There is a quality login window because this is more secure than other login forms as in a normal login window there are multiple logins available so that more than one person can access to test with there individual login. But in this project there is only one login id i.e. administrator id and password by which a person enter the site. Hence it is more secure and reliable than
previously used on-line test simulators. STUDENT View all the courses taken for that particular period Check grade in the courses Get transcript (entire grade history) Compare his/her performance with the class Login Management: The initial login screen for Online Grading System User Management: Create/Edit a user account Report: Allows either a student or the administrator to run reports. PROCESS MODEL USED WITH JUSTIFICATION ACCESS CONTROL FOR DATA WHICH REQUIRE USER AUTHENTICAION The following commands specify access control identifiers and they are typically used to authorize and authenticate the user (command codes are shown in parentheses) USER NAME (USER) The user identification is that which is required by the server for access to its file system. This command will normally be the first command transmitted by the user after the control connections are made (some servers may require this). PASSWORD (PASS) This command must be immediately preceded by the user name command, and, for some sites, completes the user's identification for access control. Since password information is quite sensitive, it is desirable in general to "mask" it or suppress type out.. This application must be able to produce output at different modules for different inputs.
SGS (STUDENT GRADING SYSTEM) makes management to get the most updated information always by avoiding manual accounting process. •
University Administrator
•
College Administrator
•
User (Students / Faculties)
•
Reports
•
Authentication
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Data flow Diagram Level 0
USER
LOGIN
DATA BASE
View the info about Admin Grade Update
User registrati on
View MArk / delete
view comp info &
EXAM offers
Admin
Retrieve Mark Reports
Retrieve
Mark info & Mark offers
Database
Figure : 1
USER REGISTRATION LEVEL 1 User
Homepag e
Exam Search
Registration Form
Checks For
NO YES
Valid User
Message
Error Page
Figure: 2
Clear Diagram
USER
LOGIN Go Through Login Page
Authentication processing NO Failed
YES
Registration accepted
Figure : 3
Clear Diagram
User
Homepag e
Is he Reg. User
YES
NO Error Form
Login
Error Page Successf ul
NO
YES Grading Process
A dd / Remove MARK
User ID & Password
Authenticat ion
Figure : 4 UML DIAGRAM
Registration
SMS Setting
Update Grading
User Report Generation
CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Administrator
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS •
SYSTEM
: Pentium III 700 MHz
•
HARDDISK
: 40 GB
•
MONITOR
: 15 VGA Colour
•
MOUSE
: Logitech
•
RAM
:128MB
•
KEYBOARD
: 110 Keys enhanced
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS •
Operating system
: Windows XP Professional
•
Front End
: PHP
•
Coding Language
: PHP, HTML, Java Script
•
Back End
: MYSQL
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS Add more input validations and error messages into the interface
Enhance student interface by providing him with more options to access like assigning tasks, change his password etc Enhance this application to include departments other than Computer Science. Add a pop up calendar interface Post new announcements related to the university available to all the users
REFERENCES Maxey, E.J., & Ormsby, V.J. (1971). The accuracy of self-report information collected on the ACT Test Battery: High school grades and items of nonacademic achievement (ACT Research Report No. 45). Iowa City: The American College Testing Program. Sawyer, R., Laing, J., & Houston, M. (1988). Accuracy of self-reported high school courses and grades of college-bound students (ACT Research Report 88-1). Iowa City: The American College Testing Program. Schiel, J. & Noble, J. (1991). Accuracy of self-reported coursework and grade information of high school sophomores (ACT Research Report 91-6). Iowa City: The American College Testing Program. Woodruff, D.J., & Ziomek, R.L. (2004). High school grade inflation from 1991 to 2003
(ACT Research Report 04-4). Iowa City: The American College Testing Program.
