Steam Table With Molier Chart

APPENDIX

1

PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (SI UNITS)

Table A–1

Molar mass, Molar mass, gas const constant ant,, and critical-point properties

Table A–20

Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2

Table A–2

Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases

Table A–21

Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxi mon oxide, de, CO

Table A–3

Propertiess of common liquids, Propertie liquids, solids solids,, and foods

Ideal-gas Idea l-gas properti properties es of hydrogen, H2

Table A–4 Table A–5 Table A–6 Table A–7 Table A–8 Figure A–9 Figure A–10 Table A–11

Saturated water—Temperature table

Table A–22 Table A–23 Table A–24 Table A–25 Table A–26

Ideal-gas Idea l-gas properti properties es of hydroxyl, OH

Table A–27

Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons

Table A–28

Table A–12

Saturated refrigerant-134a— Pressure table

Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant K p

Saturated water—Pressure table Superheated water Compressed liquid water Saturated ice–water vapor T-s diagram for water

Mollier diagram for water Saturated refrigerant-134a— Temperature table

Table A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a Figure A–14 P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a Figure A–15 Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart

Table A–16

Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude

Table A–17 Table A–18 Table A–19

Ideal-gas properties of air Ideal-gas Idea l-gas propertie propertiess of nitro nitrogen, gen, N2 Ideal-gas Idea l-gas properti properties es of oxygen, O2

Ideal-gas properties properties of water vapor, H2O Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxyg ox ygen en,, O Enthalpy of formation, Enthalpy formation, Gibbs function function of formation, formation, and absolute absolute entropy entropy at 25°C 25 °C,, 1 atm atm

Figure A–29 Generalized enthalpy departure chart Figure A–30 Generalized entropy departure chart Figure A–31 Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure

Table A–32

One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow compressible-flo w functions for an ideal gas with k   1.4

Table A–33

One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas with k   1.4

Table A–34

Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k   1.4

907

908 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE TA BLE A –1 Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties

Substance

Formula

Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Bromine n -Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Dichlorodif Dichlo rodifluorom luoromethane ethane (R-12 (R-12)) Dichlo Dic hlorof rofluo luorom rometh ethane ane (R(R-21) 21) Ethane Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Helium n -Hexane Hydrogen (normal) Krypton Methane Methyl alcohol Methyl chloride Neon Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Oxygen Propane Propylene Sulfur dioxide Tet etra rafl fluo uoro roet etha hane ne (R (R-1 -134 34a) a) Tric richlo hlorof rofluo luorom rometh ethane ane (R(R-11) 11) Water Xenon

— NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 CO2 CO CCl4 Cl2 CHCl3 CCl2F2 CHCll2F CHC C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 He C6H14 H2 Kr CH4 CH3OH CH3Cl Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C3H6 SO2 CF3CH2F CCl3F H2O Xe

Molar mass ss,, M kg/kmol kg/kmol 28.97 17.03 39.948 7 8.115 78 159.808 58.124 58 44.01 28.011 153.82 15 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.070 46.07 28.054 4.003 8 6.179 86 2.016 83.80 16.043 32.042 50.488 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 4 4.097 44 4 2.081 42 64.063 102.03 137.37 18.015 131.30

Gas const sta ant, R k R kJ/kg·K* 0.2870 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1889 0.2968 0.05405 0.1173 0.06964 0.06876 0.08078 0.2765 0.1805 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240 0.09921 0.5182 0.2595 0.1647 0.4119 0.2968 0.1889 0.2598 0.1885 0.1976 0.1298 0.08149 0.06052 0.4615 0.06332

Critical-point properties

Tem emp per era ature, K 132.5 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 304.2 133 556.4 417 536.6 384.7 451.7 305.5 516 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3 209.4 191.1 513.2 416.3 44.5 126.2 309.7 154.8 370 365 430.7 374.2 471.2 647.1 289.8

Pressure, MPa

Volume, m3 /kmol

3.77 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.39 3.50 4.56 7.71 5.47 4.01 5.17 4.48 6.38 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30 5.50 4.64 7.95 6.68 2.73 3.39 7.27 5.08 4.26 4.62 7.88 4.059 4.38 22.06 5.88

0.0883 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.0943 0.0930 0.2759 0.1242 0.2403 0.2179 0.1973 0.1480 0.1673 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649 0.0924 0.0993 0.1180 0.1430 0.0417 0.0899 0.0961 0.0780 0.1998 0.1810 0.1217 0.1993 0.2478 0.0560 0.1186

*The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kPa·m3 /kg·K. The g as constant is calculat ed from R  M , where R u  8.31447 kJ/kmol·K and M is M is the molar  R u / mass. Source: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 Source: K. 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.


TABLE TA BLE A –1 Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties

Substance

Formula

Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Bromine n -Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Dichlorodif Dichlo rodifluorom luoromethane ethane (R-12 (R-12)) Dichlo Dic hlorof rofluo luorom rometh ethane ane (R(R-21) 21) Ethane Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Helium n -Hexane Hydrogen (normal) Krypton Methane Methyl alcohol Methyl chloride Neon Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Oxygen Propane Propylene Sulfur dioxide Tet etra rafl fluo uoro roet etha hane ne (R (R-1 -134 34a) a) Tric richlo hlorof rofluo luorom rometh ethane ane (R(R-11) 11) Water Xenon

— NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 CO2 CO CCl4 Cl2 CHCl3 CCl2F2 CHCll2F CHC C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 He C6H14 H2 Kr CH4 CH3OH CH3Cl Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C3H6 SO2 CF3CH2F CCl3F H2O Xe

Molar mass ss,, M kg/kmol kg/kmol 28.97 17.03 39.948 7 8.115 78 159.808 58.124 58 44.01 28.011 153.82 15 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.070 46.07 28.054 4.003 8 6.179 86 2.016 83.80 16.043 32.042 50.488 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 4 4.097 44 4 2.081 42 64.063 102.03 137.37 18.015 131.30

Gas const sta ant, R k R kJ/kg·K* 0.2870 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1889 0.2968 0.05405 0.1173 0.06964 0.06876 0.08078 0.2765 0.1805 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240 0.09921 0.5182 0.2595 0.1647 0.4119 0.2968 0.1889 0.2598 0.1885 0.1976 0.1298 0.08149 0.06052 0.4615 0.06332

Critical-point properties

Tem emp per era ature, K 132.5 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 304.2 133 556.4 417 536.6 384.7 451.7 305.5 516 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3 209.4 191.1 513.2 416.3 44.5 126.2 309.7 154.8 370 365 430.7 374.2 471.2 647.1 289.8

Pressure, MPa

Volume, m3 /kmol

3.77 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.39 3.50 4.56 7.71 5.47 4.01 5.17 4.48 6.38 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30 5.50 4.64 7.95 6.68 2.73 3.39 7.27 5.08 4.26 4.62 7.88 4.059 4.38 22.06 5.88

0.0883 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.0943 0.0930 0.2759 0.1242 0.2403 0.2179 0.1973 0.1480 0.1673 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649 0.0924 0.0993 0.1180 0.1430 0.0417 0.0899 0.0961 0.0780 0.1998 0.1810 0.1217 0.1993 0.2478 0.0560 0.1186

*The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kPa·m3 /kg·K. The g as constant is calculat ed from R  M , where R u  8.31447 kJ/kmol·K and M is M is the molar  R u / mass. Source: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 Source: K. 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.

909 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (a ) At 300 K Ga s

Formula

Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam

— Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O

Gas constant, R kJ/kg·K 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2968 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615

c p kJ/kg·K

c kJ/kg·K

k

1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.040 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723

0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 0.744 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108

1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.400 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327

v

Note: The Note: The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kJ/kg·°C. Source: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E 3/E by Kyle, B. G., © 2000. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.


TABLE A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued ) (b ) At various temperatures

Temperature, K 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000

c p kJ/kg·K

c kJ/kg·K v

k

Air

1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142

0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855

c p kJ/kg·K

14.051 14.307 14.427 14.476 14.501 14.513 14.530 14.546 14.571 14.604 14.645 14.695 14.822 14.983

9.927 10.183 10.302 10.352 10.377 10.389 10.405 10.422 10.447 10.480 10.521 10.570 10.698 10.859

v

k

Carbon dioxide, CO2

1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336

0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234

Hydrogen, H 2

250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000

c kJ/kg·K

1.416 1.405 1.400 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.396 1.396 1.395 1.394 1.392 1.390 1.385 1.380

0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045

1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181

c p kJ/kg·K

0.742 0.743 0.744 0.747 0.752 0.759 0.768 0.778 0.789 0.801 0.813 0.825 0.849 0.870

v

k

Carbon monoxide, CO

1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185

Nitrogen, N 2

1.039 1.039 1.041 1.044 1.049 1.056 1.065 1.075 1.086 1.098 1.110 1.121 1.145 1.167

c kJ/kg·K

0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888

1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335

Oxygen, O 2

1.400 1.400 1.399 1.397 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.371 1.365 1.360 1.349 1.341

0.913 0.918 0.928 0.941 0.956 0.972 0.988 1.003 1.017 1.031 1.043 1.054 1.074 1.090

0.653 0.658 0.668 0.681 0.696 0.712 0.728 0.743 0.758 0.771 0.783 0.794 0.814 0.830

1.398 1.395 1.389 1.382 1.373 1.365 1.358 1.350 1.343 1.337 1.332 1.327 1.319 1.313

Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 783, Table A–4M. Originally published in Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.

911 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–2 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded ) (c ) As a function of temperature _ c p  a  bT  cT 2  dT 3 (T in K, c p in kJ/kmol·K)

Substance

Formula

Nitrogen Oxygen Air Hydrogen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Nitrogen dioxide Ammonia Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Sulfur trioxide Acetylene Benzene Methanol Ethanol Hydrogen chloride Methane Ethane Propane n -Butane i -Butane n -Pentane n -Hexane Ethylene Propylene

N2 O2 — H2

CO CO2 H2O NO N2O

NO2 NH3 S2 SO2

a 28.90 25.48 28.11 29.11

b

c

0.1571  102

0.8081 0.7155 0.4802 0.4003

d  105

 109

0.59 1.19 0.72 1.01

0.34 0.28 0.33 0.26

2.222  109

273–1800

0.89

0.37

7.469 3.595 4.187 10.58

 109

273–1800 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500

0.67 0.53 0.97 0.59

0.22 0.24 0.36 0.26

 109

 105  105

7.87 6.6909  3.986

 109  109

273–1500 273–1500 273–1800

0.46 0.91 0.99

0.18 0.36 0.38

 102

28.16

0.1675

 102

0.5372

22.26 32.24 29.34 24.11

5.981 0.1923 0.09395 5.8632

 102

3.501  105

2

5

22.9 27.568 27.21

25.78

SO3 C2H2 C6H6 CH4O C2H6O

16.40 21.8 36.22 19.0 19.9

HCl 30.33 CH4 19.89 C2H6 6.900 C3H8 4.04 C4H10 3.96 7.913 C4H10 C5H12 6.774 C6H14 6.938 C2H4 3 .95 C3H6 3.15

 10

 10

2

 102  10

2

 102

2.873  109

273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800

1.520 0.1967 0.1916

 102

% error Temperature range, K Max. Avg.

 105  105  10

5

 105

1.055  10 0.9747  105 3.562  105 3.52  105

1.312 1.966 0.8704

 109  109

 109  109  109

5.715 2.5630 2.218

 102  102

5.795

 102

3.812  105

8.612

 109

273–1800

0.45

0.24

14.58  102 9.2143  102 48.475  102 9.152  102 20.96  102

11.20  105

32.42 18.21 77.62 8.039 20.05

 109

273–1300 273–1500 273–1500 273–1000 273–1500

0.29 1.46 0.34 0.18 0.40

0.13 0.59 0.20 0.08 0.22

273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500

0.22 1.33 0.83 0.40 0.54 0.25 0.56 0.72 0.54 0.73

0.08 0.57 0.28 0.12 0.24 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.13 0.17

0.7620  102 2

5.024  10 17.27  102 30.48  102 37.15  102 41.60  102 45.43  102 55.22  102 15.64  102 23.83  102

0.99072 1.628

6.527  10

5

31.57  105 1.22  105 10.38  10

1.327 1.269 6.406 15.72 18.34 23.01 22.46 28.65 8.344 12.18

5

 109  109  109  109

 105

4.338  109

5

9

 10

 105  10

5

 10

5

 105  10

5

 10

5

 10

5

 105

11.01  10

7.285 31.74 35.00 49.91 42.29 57.69 17.67 24.62

 109  109  109  109  109  109  109  109

Source: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984). Used with permission.


TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (a ) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm

Substance Ammonia

Normal boiling point, °C 33.3

Latent heat of vaporization h fg , kJ/kg 1357

Freezing data Freezing point, °C 77.7

Latent heat of fusion h if , kJ/kg 322.4

Liquid properties Temperature, °C 33.3 20

Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n -Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen Isobutane Kerosene Mercury Methane

103.9 0.5 78.4* 78.2 78.6 198.1 179.9 268.9 252.8 11.7 204–293 356.7 161.5

Methanol Nitrogen

195.8

1100 198.6

124.8

306.3

Octane Oil (light) Oxygen Petroleum Propane

185.9

80.2

64.5

183

— 42.1

Refrigerant-134a

26.1

Water

100

161.6 394 — 385.2 230.5 (at 0°C) 838.3 855 800.1 974 22.8 445.7 367.1 251 294.7 510.4

212.7 230–384 427.8

217.0

2257

189.3

5.5 17.4 138.5

28 126 — 80.3

56.6 114.2 156 10.8

18.9 — 259.2 160 24.9 38.9 182.2 97.7 210

109 108 181.1 200.6 — 59.5 105.7 — 11.4 58.4 99.2 25.3

57.5

180.7

218.8

13.7

187.7

80.0

96.6

0.0

—

333.7

0 25 185.6 20 20 0.5

0 25 20 20 20 268.9 252.8 11.7 20 25 161.5 100 25 195.8 160 20 25 183 20 42.1 0 50 50 26.1 0 25 0 25 50 75 100

Density 3 r , kg/m 682 665 639 602 1394 879

1150 601 298 783 789 1109 1261 146.2 70.7 593.8 820 13,560 423 301 787 809 596 703 910 1141 640 581 529 449 1443 1374 1295 1207 1000 997 988 975 958

Specific heat c p , kJ/kg·K 4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72 3.11 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0 2.28 2.00 0.139 3.49 5.79 2.55 2.06 2.97 2.10 1.80 1.71 2.0 2.25 2.53 3.13 1.23 1.27 1.34 1.43 4.22 4.18 4.18 4.19 4.22

* Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 518 kPa, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of 56.5°C.)

913 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded ) (b ) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise) Density, 3 r kg/m

Substance

Specific heat, c p kJ/kg·K

Metals

Density, 3 r kg/m

Substance

Specific heat, c p kJ/kg·K

Nonmetals

Aluminum 200 K 250 K 300 K 350 K 400 K 450 K 500 K Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Copper 173°C 100°C 50°C 0°C 27°C 100°C 200°C Iron Lead Magnesium Nickel Silver Steel, mild Tungsten

8,280

0.797 0.859 0.902 0.929 0.949 0.973 0.997 0.400

8,310

0.400

2,700

Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (500°C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex Graphite Granite Gypsum or plaster board Ice 200 K 220 K 240 K 260 K 273 K Limestone Marble Plywood (Douglas Fir) Rubber (soft) Rubber (hard) Sand Stone Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.)

0.254 0.342 0.367 0.381 0.386 0.393 0.403 0.45 0.128 1.000 0.440 0.235 0.500 0.130

8,900

7,840 11,310 1,730 8,890 10,470 7,830 19,400

2110 1922 2300 2300 1000 2420 2700 2230 2500 2700 800

0.920 0.79 0.960 0.653 0.920 0.616 0.800 0.840 0.711 1.017 1.09

921 1650 2600 545 1100 1150 1520 1500 721 513

1.56 1.71 1.86 2.01 2.11 0.909 0.880 1.21 1.840 2.009 0.800 0.800 1.26 1.38

(c ) Foods Specific heat, kJ/kg·K

Food Apples Bananas Beef round Broccoli Butter Cheese, swiss Cherries Chicken Corn, sweet Eggs, whole Ice cream

Water content, % (mass) 84 75 67 90 16 39 80 74 74 74 63

Latent heat of Freezing Above Below fusion, point, °C freezing freezing kJ/kg 1.1 0.8

— 0.6

— 10.0 1.8 2.8 0.6 0.6 5.6

3.65 3.35 3.08 3.86 — 2.15 3.52 3.32 3.32 3.32 2.95

1.90 1.78 1.68 1.97 1.04 1.33 1.85 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.63

281 251 224 301 53 130 267 247 247 247 210

Food Lettuce Milk, whole Oranges Potatoes Salmon fish Shrimp Spinach Strawberries Tomatoes, ripe Turkey Watermelon

Water content, % (mass) 95 88 87 78 64 83 93 90 94 64 93

Specific heat, kJ/kg·K Freezing point, °C 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 2.2 2.2 0.3 0.8 0.5

— 0.4

Above freezing

Below freezing

Latent heat of fusion, kJ/kg

4.02 3.79 3.75 3.45 2.98 3.62 3.96 3.86 3.99 2.98 3.96

2.04 1.95 1.94 1.82 1.65 1.89 2.01 1.97 2.02 1.65 2.01

317 294 291 261 214 277 311 301 314 214 311

Source: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing-point data of foods are from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, SI version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Chapter 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other foods.


TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

Internal energy, kJ/kg

v g

Sat. liquid, u f

Evap., u fg

Sat. v apor, u g

0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913

2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4

2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3

Enthalpy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, h f

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Temp., T °C

Sat. press., P sat kPa

0.01 5 10 15 20

0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392

0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002

206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762

25 30 35 40 45

3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953

0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010

43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251

104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43

2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7

2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1

104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44

2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0

2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4

0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386

8.1895 8.0152 7.8466 7.6832 7.5247

8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633

0.001 21.020 42.022 62.982 83.915

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. Sat. liquid, Evap., vapor, s f s fg s g

2 500.9 2489.1 2 477.2 2 465.4 2 453.5

2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4

0.0000 0.0763 0.1511 0.2245 0.2965

9.1556 8.9487 8.7488 8.5559 8.3696

9.1556 9.0249 8.8999 8.7803 8.6661

50 55 60 65 70

12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202

0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023

12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396

209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04

2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8

2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9

209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07

2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0

2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1

0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551

7.3710 7.2218 7.0769 6.9360 6.7989

8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540

75 80 85 90 95

38.597 47.416 57.868 70.183 84.609

0.001026 0.001029 0.001032 0.001036 0.001040

4.1291 3.4053 2.8261 2.3593 1.9808

313.99 334.97 355.96 376.97 398.00

2161.3 2146.6 2131.9 2117.0 2102.0

2475.3 2481.6 2487.8 2494.0 2500.1

314.03 335.02 356.02 377.04 398.09

2320.6 2308.0 2295.3 2282.5 2269.6

2634.6 2643.0 2651.4 2659.6 2667.6

1.0158 1.0756 1.1346 1.1929 1.2504

6.6655 6.5355 6.4089 6.2853 6.1647

7.6812 7.6111 7.5435 7.4782 7.4151

100 105 110 115 120

101.42 120.90 143.38 169.18 198.67

0.001043 0.001047 0.001052 0.001056 0.001060

1.6720 1.4186 1.2094 1.0360 0.89133

419.06 440.15 461.27 482.42 503.60

2087.0 2071.8 2056.4 2040.9 2025.3

2506.0 2511.9 2517.7 2523.3 2528.9

419.17 440.28 461.42 482.59 503.81

2256.4 2243.1 2229.7 2216.0 2202.1

2675.6 2683.4 2691.1 2698.6 2706.0

1.3072 1.3634 1.4188 1.4737 1.5279

6.0470 5.9319 5.8193 5.7092 5 .6013

7.3542 7.2952 7.2382 7.1829 7.1292

125 130 135 140 145

232.23 270.28 313.22 361.53 415.68

0.001065 0.001070 0.001075 0.001080 0.001085

0.77012 0.66808 0.58179 0.50850 0.44600

524.83 546.10 567.41 588.77 610.19

2009.5 1993.4 1977.3 1960.9 1944.2

2534.3 2539.5 2544.7 2549.6 2554.4

525.07 546.38 567.75 589.16 610.64

2188.1 2173.7 2159.1 2144.3 2129.2

2713.1 2720.1 2726.9 2733.5 2739.8

1.5816 1.6346 1.6872 1.7392 1.7908

5 .4956 5 .3919 5 .2901 5 .1901 5 .0919

7.0771 7.0265 6.9773 6.9294 6.8827

150 155 160 165 170

476.16 543.49 618.23 700.93 792.18

0.001091 0.001096 0.001102 0.001108 0.001114

0.39248 0.34648 0.30680 0.27244 0.24260

631.66 653.19 674.79 696.46 718.20

1927.4 1910.3 1893.0 1875.4 1857.5

2559.1 2563.5 2567.8 2571.9 2575.7

632.18 653.79 675.47 697.24 719.08

2113.8 2098.0 2082.0 2065.6 2048.8

2745.9 2751.8 2757.5 2762.8 2767.9

1.8418 1.8924 1.9426 1.9923 2.0417

4 .9953 4 .9002 4 .8066 4 .7143 4 .6233

6.8371 6.7927 6.7492 6.7067 6.6650

175 180 185 190 195 200

892.60 1002.8 1123.5 1255.2 1398.8 1554.9

0.001121 0.001127 0.001134 0.001141 0.001149 0.001157

0.21659 0.19384 0.17390 0.15636 0.14089 0.12721

740.02 761.92 783.91 806.00 828.18 850.46

1839.4 1820.9 1802.1 1783.0 1763.6 1743.7

2579.4 2582.8 2586.0 2589.0 2591.7 2594.2

741.02 763.05 785.19 807.43 829.78 852.26

2031.7 2014.2 1996.2 1977.9 1959.0 1939.8

2772.7 2777.2 2781.4 2785.3 2788.8 2792.0

2.0906 2.1392 2.1875 2.2355 2.2831 2.3305

4 .5335 4 .4448 4 .3572 4 .2705 4 .1847 4 .0997

6.6242 6.5841 6.5447 6.5059 6.4678 6.4302

915 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

Internal energy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, u f

Evap., u fg

Sat. v apor, u g

Enthalpy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, h f

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Temp., T °C


205 210 215 220 225

1724.3 1907.7 2105.9 2319.6 2549.7

0.001164 0.001173 0.001181 0.001190 0.001199

0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405

872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70

1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6

2596.4 2598.3 2599.9 2601.3 2602.3

874.87 897.61 920.50 943.55 966.76

1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4

2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2

2.3776 2.4245 2.4712 2.5176 2.5639

4.0154 3.9318 3.8489 3.7664 3.6844

6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483

230 235 240 245 250

2797.1 3062.6 3347.0 3651.2 3976.2

0.001209 0.001219 0.001229 0.001240 0.001252

0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085

986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7

1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1

2602.9 2603.2 2603.1 2602.7 2601.8

990.14 1013.7 1037.5 1061.5 1085.7

1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3

2802.9 2803.2 2803.0 2802.2 2801.0

2.6100 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933

3.6028 3.5216 3.4405 3.3596 3.2788

6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721

255 260 265 270 275

4322.9 4692.3 5085.3 5503.0 5946.4

0.001263 0.001276 0.001289 0.001303 0.001317

0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767

1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9

1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4

2600.5 2598.7 2596.5 2593.7 2590.3

1110.1 1134.8 1159.8 1185.1 1210.7

1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5

2799.1 2796.6 2793.5 2789.7 2785.2

2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221

3.1979 3.1169 3.0358 2.9542 2.8723

6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944

280 285 290 295 300

6416.6 6914.6 7441.8 7999.0 8587.9

0.001333 0.001349 0.001366 0.001384 0.001404

0.030153 0.027756 0.025554 0.023528 0.021659

1228.2 1253.7 1279.7 1306.0 1332.7

1358.2 1328.1 1296.9 1264.5 1230.9

2586.4 2581.8 2576.5 2570.5 2563.6

1236.7 1263.1 1289.8 1317.1 1344.8

1543.2 1510.7 1476.9 1441.6 1404.8

2779.9 2773.7 2766.7 2758.7 2749.6

3.0681 3.1144 3.1608 3.2076 3.2548

2.7898 2.7066 2.6225 2.5374 2.4511

5.8579 5.8210 5.7834 5.7450 5.7059

305 310 315 320 325

9209.4 9865.0 10,556 11,284 12,051

0.001425 0.001447 0.001472 0.001499 0.001528

0.019932 0.018333 0.016849 0.015470 0.014183

1360.0 1387.7 1416.1 1445.1 1475.0

1195.9 1159.3 1121.1 1080.9 1038.5

2555.8 2547.1 2537.2 2526.0 2513.4

1373.1 1402.0 1431.6 1462.0 1493.4

1366.3 1325.9 1283.4 1238.5 1191.0

2739.4 2727.9 2715.0 2700.6 2684.3

3.3024 3.3506 3.3994 3.4491 3.4998

2.3633 2.2737 2.1821 2.0881 1.9911

5.6657 5.6243 5.5816 5.5372 5.4908

330 335 340 345 350

12,858 13,707 14,601 15,541 16,529

0.001560 0.001597 0.001638 0.001685 0.001741

0.012979 0.011848 0.010783 0.009772 0.008806

1505.7 1537.5 1570.7 1605.5 1642.4

993.5 945.5 893.8 837.7 775.9

2499.2 2483.0 2464.5 2443.2 2418.3

1525.8 1559.4 1594.6 1631.7 1671.2

1140.3 1086.0 1027.4 963.4 892.7

2666.0 2645.4 2622.0 2595.1 2563.9

3.5516 3.6050 3.6602 3.7179 3.7788

1.8906 1.7857 1.6756 1 .5585 1 .4326

5.4422 5.3907 5.3358 5.2765 5.2114

355 360 365 370 373.95

17,570 18,666 19,822 21,044 22,064

0.001808 0.001895 0.002015 0.002217 0.003106

0.007872 0.006950 0.006009 0.004953 0.003106

1682.2 1726.2 1777.2 1844.5 2015.7

706.4 625.7 526.4 385.6 0

2388.6 2351.9 2303.6 2230.1 2015.7

1714.0 1761.5 1817.2 1891.2 2084.3

812.9 720.1 605.5 443.1 0

2526.9 2481.6 2422.7 2334.3 2084.3

3.8442 3.9165 4.0004 4.1119 4.4070

1 .2942 1 .1373 0 .9489 0 .6890 0

5.1384 5.0537 4.9493 4.8009 4.4070

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. Sat. liquid, Evap., vapor, s f s fg s g

Source: Tables A–4 through A–8 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also available in EES as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifications to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K,” ASHRAE Trans ., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.


TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

Internal energy, kJ/kg Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. liquid, h f

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Press., P kPa

Sat. temp., T sat °C

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

6.97 13.02 17.50 21.08 24.08

0.001000 129.19 0.001001 87.964 0.001001 66.990 0.001002 54.242 0.001003 45.654

29.302 54.686 73.431 88.422 100.98

2355.2 2338.1 2325.5 2315.4 2306.9

2384.5 2392.8 2398.9 2403.8 2407.9

29.303 2484.4 2513.7 0.1059 8.8690 8.9749 54.688 2470.1 2524.7 0.1956 8.6314 8.8270 73.433 2459.5 2532.9 0.2606 8.4621 8.7227 88.424 2451.0 2539.4 0.3118 8.3302 8.6421 100.98 2443.9 2544.8 0.3543 8.2222 8.5765

4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15

28.96 32.87 40.29 45.81 53.97

0.001004 0.001005 0.001008 0.001010 0.001014

121.39 137.75 168.74 191.79 225.93

2293.1 2282.1 2261.1 2245.4 2222.1

2414.5 2419.8 2429.8 2437.2 2448.0

121.39 137.75 168.75 191.81 225.94

2432.3 2423.0 2405.3 2392.1 2372.3

2553.7 2560.7 2574.0 2583.9 2598.3

0.4224 0.4762 0.5763 0.6492 0.7549

8.0510 7.9176 7.6738 7.4996 7.2522

8.4734 8.3938 8.2501 8.1488 8.0071

20 25 30 40 50

60.06 64.96 69.09 75.86 81.32

0.001017 0.001020 0.001022 0.001026 0.001030

7.6481 6.2034 5.2287 3.9933 3.2403

251.40 271.93 289.24 317.58 340.49

2204.6 2190.4 2178.5 2158.8 2142.7

2456.0 2462.4 2467.7 2476.3 2483.2

251.42 271.96 289.27 317.62 340.54

2357.5 2345.5 2335.3 2318.4 2304.7

2608.9 2617.5 2624.6 2636.1 2645.2

0.8320 0.8932 0.9441 1.0261 1.0912

7.0752 6.9370 6.8234 6.6430 6.5019

7.9073 7.8302 7.7675 7.6691 7.5931

75 91.76 100 99.61 101.325 99.97 125 105.97 150 111.35

0.001037 0.001043 0.001043 0.001048 0.001053

2.2172 1.6941 1.6734 1.3750 1.1594

384.36 417.40 418.95 444.23 466.97

2111.8 2088.2 2087.0 2068.8 2052.3

2496.1 2505.6 2506.0 2513.0 2519.2

384.44 417.51 419.06 444.36 467.13

2278.0 2662.4 1.2132 6.2426 2257.5 2675.0 1.3028 6.0562 2256.5 2675.6 1.3069 6.0476 2240.6 2684.9 1.3741 5.9100 2226.0 2693.1 1.4337 5.7894

7.4558 7.3589 7.3545 7.2841 7.2231

175 200 225 250 275

116.04 120.21 123.97 127.41 130.58

0.001057 0.001061 0.001064 0.001067 0.001070

1.0037 0.88578 0.79329 0.71873 0.65732

486.82 504.50 520.47 535.08 548.57

2037.7 2024.6 2012.7 2001.8 1991.6

2524.5 2529.1 2533.2 2536.8 2540.1

487.01 504.71 520.71 535.35 548.86

2213.1 2201.6 2191.0 2181.2 2172.0

2700.2 2706.3 2711.7 2716.5 2720.9

1.4850 1.5302 1.5706 1.6072 1.6408

5.6865 5.5968 5.5171 5.4453 5.3800

7.1716 7.1270 7.0877 7.0525 7.0207

300 325 350 375 400

133.52 136.27 138.86 141.30 143.61

0.001073 0.001076 0.001079 0.001081 0.001084

0.60582 0.56199 0.52422 0.49133 0.46242

561.11 572.84 583.89 594.32 604.22

1982.1 1973.1 1964.6 1956.6 1948.9

2543.2 2545.9 2548.5 2550.9 2553.1

561.43 573.19 584.26 594.73 604.66

2163.5 2155.4 2147.7 2140.4 2133.4

2724.9 2728.6 2732.0 2735.1 2738.1

1.6717 1.7005 1.7274 1.7526 1.7765

5.3200 5.2645 5.2128 5.1645 5.1191

6.9917 6.9650 6.9402 6.9171 6.8955

450 500 550 600 650

147.90 151.83 155.46 158.83 161.98

0.001088 0.001093 0.001097 0.001101 0.001104

0.41392 0.37483 0.34261 0.31560 0.29260

622.65 639.54 655.16 669.72 683.37

1934.5 1921.2 1908.8 1897.1 1886.1

2557.1 2560.7 2563.9 2566.8 2569.4

623.14 640.09 655.77 670.38 684.08

2120.3 2108.0 2096.6 2085.8 2075.5

2743.4 2748.1 2752.4 2756.2 2759.6

1.8205 1.8604 1.8970 1.9308 1.9623

5.0356 4.9603 4.8916 4.8285 4.7699

6.8561 6.8207 6.7886 6.7593 6.7322

700 750

164.95 167.75

0.001108 0.001111

0.27278 696.23 0.25552 708.40

1875.6 1865.6

2571.8 2574.0

697.00 709.24

2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837

34.791 28.185 19.233 14.670 10.020

Sat. liquid, u f

Enthalpy, kJ/kg Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. Sat. liquid, Evap., v apor, s f s fg s g

917 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. temp., T sat °C

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

800 850 900 950 1000

170.41 172.94 175.35 177.66 179.88

0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124 0.001127

1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

184.06 187.96 191.60 195.04 198.29

1750 2000 2250 2500 3000


0.24035 0.22690 0.21489 0.20411 0.19436

0.001133 0.001138 0.001144 0.001149 0.001154

0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171

205.72 212.38 218.41 223.95 233.85

3500 4000 5000 6000 7000

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. liquid, h f

719.97 731.00 741.55 751.67 761.39

1856.1 1846.9 1838.1 1829.6 1821.4

2576.0 2577.9 2579.6 2581.3 2582.8

779.78 796.96 813.10 828.35 842.82

1805.7 1790.9 1776.8 1763.4 1750.6

2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4

0.001166 0.001177 0.001187 0.001197 0.001217

0.11344 876.12 0.099587 906.12 0.088717 933.54 0.079952 958.87 0.066667 1004.6

242.56 250.35 263.94 275.59 285.83

0.001235 0.001252 0.001286 0.001319 0.001352

0.057061 0.049779 0.039448 0.032449 0.027378

8000 9000 10,000 11,000 12,000

295.01 303.35 311.00 318.08 324.68

0.001384 0.001418 0.001452 0.001488 0.001526

13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000

330.85 336.67 342.16 347.36 352.29

18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 22,064

356.99 361.47 365.75 369.83 373.71 373.95

Press., P kPa

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

E vap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

720.87 731.95 742.56 752.74 762.51

2047.5 2038.8 2030.5 2022.4 2014.6

2768.3 2770.8 2773.0 2775.2 2777.1

2.0457 2.0705 2.0941 2.1166 2.1381

4.6160 4.5705 4.5273 4.4862 4.4470

6.6616 6.6409 6.6213 6.6027 6.5850

781.03 798.33 814.59 829.96 844.55

1999.6 1985.4 1971.9 1958.9 1946.4

2780.7 2783.8 2786.5 2788.9 2791.0

2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143

4.3735 4.3058 4.2428 4.1840 4.1287

6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430

1720.6 1693.0 1667.3 1643.2 1598.5

2596.7 878.16 2599.1 908.47 2600.9 936.21 2602.1 961.87 2603.2 1008.3

1917.1 1889.8 1864.3 1840.1 1794.9

2795.2 2798.3 2800.5 2801.9 2803.2

2.3844 2.4467 2.5029 2.5542 2.6454

4.0033 3.8923 3.7926 3.7016 3.5402

6.3877 6.3390 6.2954 6.2558 6.1856

1045.4 1082.4 1148.1 1205.8 1258.0

1557.6 1519.3 1448.9 1384.1 1323.0

2603.0 2601.7 2597.0 2589.9 2581.0

1049.7 1087.4 1154.5 1213.8 1267.5

1753.0 1713.5 1639.7 1570.9 1505.2

2802.7 2800.8 2794.2 2784.6 2772.6

2.7253 2.7966 2.9207 3.0275 3.1220

3.3991 3.2731 3.0530 2.8627 2.6927

6.1244 6.0696 5.9737 5.8902 5.8148

0.023525 0.020489 0.018028 0.015988 0.014264

1306.0 1350.9 1393.3 1433.9 1473.0

1264.5 1207.6 1151.8 1096.6 1041.3

2570.5 2558.5 2545.2 2530.4 2514.3

1317.1 1363.7 1407.8 1450.2 1491.3

1441.6 1379.3 1317.6 1256.1 1194.1

2758.7 2742.9 2725.5 2706.3 2685.4

3.2077 3.2866 3.3603 3.4299 3.4964

2.5373 2.3925 2.2556 2.1245 1.9975

5.7450 5.6791 5.6159 5.5544 5.4939

0.001566 0.001610 0.001657 0.001710 0.001770

0.012781 0.011487 0.010341 0.009312 0.008374

1511.0 1548.4 1585.5 1622.6 1660.2

985.5 928.7 870.3 809.4 745.1

2496.6 2477.1 2455.7 2432.0 2405.4

1531.4 1571.0 1610.3 1649.9 1690.3

1131.3 1067.0 1000.5 931.1 857.4

2662.7 2637.9 2610.8 2581.0 2547.7

3.5606 3.6232 3.6848 3.7461 3.8082

1.8730 1.7497 1.6261 1.5005 1.3709

5.4336 5.3728 5.3108 5.2466 5.1791

0.001840 0.001926 0.002038 0.002207 0.002703 0.003106

0.007504 0.006677 0.005862 0.004994 0.003644 0.003106

1699.1 1740.3 1785.8 1841.6 1951.7 2015.7

675.9 598.9 509.0 391.9 140.8 0

2375.0 2339.2 2294.8 2233.5 2092.4 2015.7

1732.2 1776.8 1826.6 1888.0 2011.1 2084.3

777.8 689.2 585.5 450.4 161.5 0

2510.0 2466.0 2412.1 2338.4 2172.6 2084.3

3.8720 3.9396 4.0146 4.1071 4.2942 4.4070

1.2343 1.0860 0.9164 0.7005 0.2496 0

5.1064 5.0256 4.9310 4.8076 4.5439 4.4070


TABLE A–6 Superheated water T °C

u kJ/kg

v

m3 /kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* Sat.† 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604

2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4

2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4

8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857

P  0.20 MPa (120.21°C) Sat. 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.88578 0.95986 1.08049 1.19890 1.31623 1.54934 1.78142 2.01302 2.24434 2.47550 2.70656 2.93755 3.16848 3.39938 3.63026

2529.1 2577.1 2654.6 2731.4 2808.8 2967.2 3131.4 3302.2 3479.9 3664.7 3856.3 4054.8 4259.6 4470.5 4687.1

2706.3 7.1270 2769.1 7.2810 2870.7 7.5081 2971.2 7.7100 3072.1 7.8941 3277.0 8.2236 3487.7 8.5153 3704.8 8.7793 3928.8 9.0221 4159.8 9.2479 4397.7 9.4598 4642.3 9.6599 4893.3 9.8497 5150.4 10.0304 5413.1 10.2029

P  0.50 MPa (151.83°C) Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.37483 0.42503 0.47443 0.52261 0.57015 0.61731 0.71095 0.80409 0.89696 0.98966 1.08227 1.17480 1.26728 1.35972 1.45214

2560.7 2643.3 2723.8 2803.3 2883.0 2963.7 3129.0 3300.4 3478.6 3663.6 3855.4 4054.0 4259.0 4470.0 4686.6

2748.1 2855.8 2961.0 3064.6 3168.1 3272.4 3484.5 3702.5 3927.0 4158.4 4396.6 4641.4 4892.6 5149.8 5412.6

6.8207 7.0610 7.2725 7.4614 7.6346 7.7956 8.0893 8.3544 8.5978 8.8240 9.0362 9.2364 9.4263 9.6071 9.7797

u kJ/kg

v

m3 /kg

h kJ/kg

P  0.05 MPa (81.32°C) 2483.2

2645.2

7.5931

3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209

2511.5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3

2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3

7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429

P  0.30 MPa (133.52°C) 0.60582 0.63402 0.71643 0.79645 0.87535 1.03155 1.18672 1.34139 1.49580 1.65004 1.80417 1.95824 2.11226 2.26624 2.42019

2543.2 2571.0 2651.0 2728.9 2807.0 2966.0 3130.6 3301.6 3479.5 3664.3 3856.0 4054.5 4259.4 4470.3 4686.9

2724.9 6.9917 2761.2 7.0792 2865.9 7.3132 2967.9 7.5180 3069.6 7.7037 3275.5 8.0347 3486.6 8.3271 3704.0 8.5915 3928.2 8.8345 4159.3 9.0605 4397.3 9.2725 4642.0 9.4726 4893.1 9.6624 5150.2 9.8431 5413.0 10.0157

P  0.60 MPa (158.83°C) 0.31560 0.35212 0.39390 0.43442 0.47428 0.51374 0.59200 0.66976 0.74725 0.82457 0.90179 0.97893 1.05603 1.13309 1.21012

2566.8 2639.4 2721.2 2801.4 2881.6 2962.5 3128.2 3299.8 3478.1 3663.2 3855.1 4053.8 4258.8 4469.8 4686.4

2756.2 2850.6 2957.6 3062.0 3166.1 3270.8 3483.4 3701.7 3926.4 4157.9 4396.2 4641.1 4892.4 5149.6 5412.5

Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure.

v

m3 /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  0.10 MPa (99.61°C)

3.2403

*The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure. †

s kJ/kg·K

6.7593 6.9683 7.1833 7.3740 7.5481 7.7097 8.0041 8.2695 8.5132 8.7395 8.9518 9.1521 9.3420 9.5229 9.6955

1.6941 2505.6

2675.0

7.3589

1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605

2675.8 2776.6 2875.5 2974.5 3074.5 3278.6 3488.7 3705.6 3929.4 4160.2 4398.0 4642.6 4893.6 5150.6 5413.3

7.3611 7.6148 7.8356 8.0346 8.2172 8.5452 8.8362 9.0999 9.3424 9.5682 9.7800 9.9800 10.1698 10.3504 10.5229

2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2

P  0.40 MPa (143.61°C) 0.46242 0.47088 0.53434 0.59520 0.65489 0.77265 0.88936 1.00558 1.12152 1.23730 1.35298 1.46859 1.58414 1.69966 1.81516

2553.1 2564.4 2647.2 2726.4 2805.1 2964.9 3129.8 3301.0 3479.0 3663.9 3855.7 4054.3 4259.2 4470.2 4686.7

2738.1 2752.8 2860.9 2964.5 3067.1 3273.9 3485.5 3703.3 3927.6 4158.9 4396.9 4641.7 4892.9 5150.0 5412.8

6.8955 6.9306 7.1723 7.3804 7.5677 7.9003 8.1933 8.4580 8.7012 8.9274 9.1394 9.3396 9.5295 9.7102 9.8828

P  0.80 MPa (170.41°C) 0.24035 0.26088 0.29321 0.32416 0.35442 0.38429 0.44332 0.50186 0.56011 0.61820 0.67619 0.73411 0.79197 0.84980 0.90761

2576.0 2631.1 2715.9 2797.5 2878.6 2960.2 3126.6 3298.7 3477.2 3662.5 3854.5 4053.3 4258.3 4469.4 4686.1

2768.3 2839.8 2950.4 3056.9 3162.2 3267.7 3481.3 3700.1 3925.3 4157.0 4395.5 4640.5 4891.9 5149.3 5412.2

6.6616 6.8177 7.0402 7.2345 7.4107 7.5735 7.8692 8.1354 8.3794 8.6061 8.8185 9.0189 9.2090 9.3898 9.5625

919 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded ) T °C

u kJ/kg

v

m3 /kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kgK

P  1.00 MPa (179.88C) Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610

2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8

2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9

6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593

P  1.60 MPa (201.37C) Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866 0.17459 0.19007 0.22029 0.24999 0.27941 0.30865 0.33780 0.36687 0.39589 0.42488 0.45383

2594.8 2792.8 2645.1 2857.8 2692.9 2919.9 2781.6 3035.4 2866.6 3146.0 2950.8 3254.9 3120.1 3472.6 3293.9 3693.9 3473.5 3920.5 3659.5 4153.4 3852.1 4392.6 4051.2 4638.2 4256.6 4890.0 4467.9 5147.7 4684.8 5410.9

6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864 7.0713 7.2394 7.5410 7.8101 8.0558 8.2834 8.4965 8.6974 8.8878 9.0689 9.2418

P  2.50 MPa (223.95C) Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.07995 0.08026 0.08705 0.09894 0.10979 0.12012 0.13015 0.13999 0.15931 0.17835 0.19722 0.21597 0.23466 0.25330 0.27190 0.29048

2602.1 2604.8 2663.3 2762.2 2852.5 2939.8 3026.2 3112.8 3288.5 3469.3 3656.2 3849.4 4049.0 4254.7 4466.3 4683.4

2801.9 6.2558 2805.5 6.2629 2880.9 6.4107 3009.6 6.6459 3127.0 6.8424 3240.1 7.0170 3351.6 7.1768 3462.8 7.3254 3686.8 7.5979 3915.2 7.8455 4149.2 8.0744 4389.3 8.2882 4635.6 8.4897 4887.9 8.6804 5146.0 8.8618 5409.5 9.0349

u kJ/kg

v

m3 /kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  1.20 MPa (187.96C) 0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509

2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5

2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6

6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750

P  1.80 MPa (207.11C) 0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025 0.15460 0.16849 0.19551 0.22200 0.24822 0.27426 0.30020 0.32606 0.35188 0.37766 0.40341

2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4 2863.6 2948.3 3118.5 3292.7 3472.6 3658.8 3851.5 4050.7 4256.2 4467.6 4684.5

2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9 3141.9 3251.6 3470.4 3692.3 3919.4 4152.4 4391.9 4637.6 4889.6 5147.3 5410.6

6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246 7.0120 7.1814 7.4845 7.7543 8.0005 8.2284 8.4417 8.6427 8.8331 9.0143 9.1872

P  3.00 MPa (233.85C)

u kJ/kg

v

m3 /kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  1.40 MPa (195.04C) 0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866

2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1

2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3

6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036

P  2.00 MPa (212.38C) 0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551 0.13860 0.15122 0.17568 0.19962 0.22326 0.24674 0.27012 0.29342 0.31667 0.33989 0.36308

2599.1 2628.5 2680.3 2773.2 2860.5 2945.9 3116.9 3291.5 3471.7 3658.0 3850.9 4050.2 4255.7 4467.2 4684.2

2798.3 2836.1 2903.3 3024.2 3137.7 3248.4 3468.3 3690.7 3918.2 4151.5 4391.1 4637.1 4889.1 5147.0 5410.3

6.3390 6.4160 6.5475 6.7684 6.9583 7.1292 7.4337 7.7043 7.9509 8.1791 8.3925 8.5936 8.7842 8.9654 9.1384

P  3.50 MPa (242.56C)

0.06667

2603.2

2803.2

6.1856

0.05706

2603.0

2802.7 6.1244

0.07063 0.08118 0.09056 0.09938 0.10789 0.11620 0.13245 0.14841 0.16420 0.17988 0.19549 0.21105 0.22658 0.24207

2644.7 2750.8 2844.4 2933.6 3021.2 3108.6 3285.5 3467.0 3654.3 3847.9 4047.7 4253.6 4465.3 4682.6

2856.5 2994.3 3116.1 3231.7 3344.9 3457.2 3682.8 3912.2 4146.9 4387.5 4634.2 4886.7 5145.1 5408.8

6.2893 6.5412 6.7450 6.9235 7.0856 7.2359 7.5103 7.7590 7.9885 8.2028 8.4045 8.5955 8.7771 8.9502

0.05876 0.06845 0.07680 0.08456 0.09198 0.09919 0.11325 0.12702 0.14061 0.15410 0.16751 0.18087 0.19420 0.20750

2624.0 2829.7 2738.8 2978.4 2836.0 3104.9 2927.2 3223.2 3016.1 3338.1 3104.5 3451.7 3282.5 3678.9 3464.7 3909.3 3652.5 4144.6 3846.4 4385.7 4046.4 4632.7 4252.5 4885.6 4464.4 5144.1 4681.8 5408.0

6.1764 6.4484 6.6601 6.8428 7.0074 7.1593 7.4357 7.6855 7.9156 8.1304 8.3324 8.5236 8.7053 8.8786


TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Continued ) T °C

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  4.0 MPa (250.35C) Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157

2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9

2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2

6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164

P  6.0 MPa (275.59C) Sat. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742 0.05217 0.05667 0.06102 0.06527 0.07355 0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 0.12107

2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7 2989.9 3083.1 3175.2 3267.2 3453.0 3643.2 3838.8 4040.1 4247.1 4459.8 4677.7

2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3 3302.9 3423.1 3541.3 3658.8 3894.3 4133.1 4376.6 4625.4 4879.7 5139.4 5404.1

5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432 6.7219 6.8826 7.0308 7.1693 7.4247 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 8.2709 8.4534 8.6273

P  9.0 MPa (303.35C) Sat. 325 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.020489 2558.5 0.023284 2647.6 0.025816 2725.0 0.029960 2849.2 0.033524 2956.3 0.036793 3056.3 0.039885 3153.0 0.042861 3248.4 0.045755 3343.4 0.048589 3438.8 0.054132 3632.0 0.059562 3829.6 0.064919 4032.4 0.070224 4240.7 0.075492 4454.2 0.080733 4672.9

2742.9 2857.1 2957.3 3118.8 3258.0 3387.4 3512.0 3634.1 3755.2 3876.1 4119.2 4365.7 4616.7 4872.7 5133.6 5399.5

5.6791 5.8738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2229 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 8.0791 8.2625 8.4371

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  4.5 MPa (257.44C) 0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140

2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1

2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5

6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616

P  7.0 MPa (285.83C) 0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958 0.044187 0.048157 0.051966 0.055665 0.062850 0.069856 0.076750 0.083571 0.090341 0.097075 0.103781

2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5 2979.0 3074.3 3167.9 3261.0 3448.3 3639.5 3835.7 4037.5 4245.0 4457.9 4676.1

2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2 3288.3 3411.4 3531.6 3650.6 3888.3 4128.5 4373.0 4622.5 4877.4 5137.4 5402.6

5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 6.8000 6.9507 7.0910 7.3487 7.5836 7.8014 8.0055 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551

P  10.0 MPa (311.00C) 0.018028 0.019877 0.022440 0.026436 0.029782 0.032811 0.035655 0.038378 0.041018 0.043597 0.048629 0.053547 0.058391 0.063183 0.067938 0.072667

2545.2 2611.6 2699.6 2833.1 2944.5 3047.0 3145.4 3242.0 3338.0 3434.0 3628.2 3826.5 4029.9 4238.5 4452.4 4671.3

2725.5 2810.3 2924.0 3097.5 3242.4 3375.1 3502.0 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 4114.5 4362.0 4613.8 4870.3 5131.7 5398.0

5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 6.2141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.6290 7.8349 8.0289 8.2126 8.3874

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  5.0 MPa (263.94C) 0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527

2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3

2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7

5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124

P  8.0 MPa (295.01C) 0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344 0.038194 0.041767 0.045172 0.048463 0.054829 0.061011 0.067082 0.073079 0.079025 0.084934 0.090817

2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6 2967.8 3065.4 3160.5 3254.7 3443.6 3635.7 3832.7 4035.0 4242.8 4456.1 4674.5

2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4 3273.3 3399.5 3521.8 3642.4 3882.2 4123.8 4369.3 4619.6 4875.0 5135.5 5401.0

5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658 6.5579 6.7266 6.8800 7.0221 7.2822 7.5185 7.7372 7.9419 8.1350 8.3181 8.4925

P  12.5 MPa (327.81C) 0.013496 2505.6

2674.3 5.4638

0.016138 0.020030 0.023019 0.025630 0.028033 0.030306 0.032491 0.034612 0.038724 0.042720 0.046641 0.050510 0.054342 0.058147

2826.6 3040.0 3201.5 3343.6 3476.5 3604.6 3730.2 3854.6 4102.8 4352.9 4606.5 4864.5 5127.0 5394.1

2624.9 2789.6 2913.7 3023.2 3126.1 3225.8 3324.1 3422.0 3618.8 3818.9 4023.5 4233.1 4447.7 4667.3

5.7130 6.0433 6.2749 6.4651 6.6317 6.7828 6.9227 7.0540 7.2967 7.5195 7.7269 7.9220 8.1065 8.2819

921 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded ) T °C

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  15.0 MPa (342.16C) Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469

2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3

2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3

5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952

v

3

m /kg

0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176 0.011143 0.012736 0.014140 0.015430 0.016643 0.018922 0.021075 0.023150 0.025172 0.027157 0.029115

1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2 2887.3 3020.8 3140.0 3251.9 3359.9 3570.7 3780.2 3991.5 4206.1 4424.6 4647.2

1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6 3165.9 3339.2 3493.5 3637.7 3776.0 4043.8 4307.1 4570.2 4835.4 5103.5 5375.1

0.001641 0.001911 0.002538 0.003692 0.005623 0.006985 0.008089 0.009053 0.009930 0.011521 0.012980 0.014360 0.015686 0.016976 0.018239

1677.0 1855.0 2097.5 2364.2 2681.6 2875.1 3026.8 3159.5 3282.0 3511.8 3733.3 3952.9 4173.7 4396.9 4623.3

1742.6 1931.4 2199.0 2511.8 2906.5 3154.4 3350.4 3521.6 3679.2 3972.6 4252.5 4527.3 4801.1 5075.9 5352.8

s kJ/kg·K

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg

0.005862 2294.8 2412.1

4.9310

0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556

0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371

5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574

2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2

2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5

5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215

0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737 0.008691 0.010175 0.011445 0.012590 0.013654 0.015628 0.017473 0.019240 0.020954 0.022630 0.024279

1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9 2824.0 2974.5 3103.4 3221.7 3334.3 3551.2 3764.6 3978.6 4195.2 4415.3 4639.2

1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0 3084.8 3279.7 3446.8 3599.4 3743.9 4020.0 4288.8 4555.8 4823.9 5094.2 5367.6

0.001560 0.001731 0.002009 0.002487 0.003890 0.005118 0.006108 0.006957 0.007717 0.009073 0.010296 0.011441 0.012534 0.013590 0.014620

1638.6 1787.8 1960.3 2160.3 2528.1 2769.5 2947.1 3095.6 3228.7 3472.2 3702.0 3927.4 4152.2 4378.6 4607.5

1716.6 1874.4 2060.7 2284.7 2722.6 3025.4 3252.6 3443.5 3614.6 3925.8 4216.8 4499.4 4778.9 5058.1 5338.5

2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2

2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7

P  35.0 MPa 3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422 5.7956 6.0403 6.2373 6.4074 6.5599 6.8301 7.0695 7.2880 7.4906 7.6807 7.8602

0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957 0.006933 0.008348 0.009523 0.010565 0.011523 0.013278 0.014904 0.016450 0.017942 0.019398 0.020827

P  50.0 MPa 3.8290 4.1145 4.5044 4.9449 5.4744 5.7857 6.0170 6.2078 6.3740 6.6613 6.9107 7.1355 7.3425 7.5357 7.7175

s kJ/kg·K

P  20.0 MPa (365.75C)

P  30.0 MPa 4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759 5.9643 6.1816 6.3637 6.5243 6.6702 6.9322 7.1668 7.3821 7.5825 7.7710 7.9494

h kJ/kg

0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435

P  40.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

h kJ/kg

P  17.5 MPa (354.67C)

P  25.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

u kJ/kg

1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5 2755.3 2925.8 3065.6 3190.9 3308.3 3531.6 3749.0 3965.8 4184.4 4406.1 4631.2

1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0 2997.9 3218.0 3399.0 3560.7 3711.6 3996.3 4270.6 4541.5 4812.4 5085.0 5360.2

3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946 5.6331 5.9093 6.1229 6.3030 6.4623 6.7409 6.9853 7.2069 7.4118 7.6034 7.7841

P  60.0 MPa 3.7642 4.0029 4.2746 4.5896 5.1762 5.5563 5.8245 6.0373 6.2179 6.5225 6.7819 7.0131 7.2244 7.4207 7.6048

0.001503 0.001633 0.001816 0.002086 0.002952 0.003955 0.004833 0.005591 0.006265 0.007456 0.008519 0.009504 0.010439 0.011339 0.012213

1609.7 1745.2 1892.9 2055.1 2393.2 2664.6 2866.8 3031.3 3175.4 3432.6 3670.9 3902.0 4130.9 4360.5 4591.8

1699.9 1843.2 2001.8 2180.2 2570.3 2901.9 3156.8 3366.8 3551.3 3880.0 4182.1 4472.2 4757.3 5040.8 5324.5

3.7149 3.9317 4.1630 4.4140 4.9356 5.3517 5.6527 5.8867 6.0814 6.4033 6.6725 6.9099 7.1255 7.3248 7.5111


TABLE A–7 Compressed liquid water T °C

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  5 MPa (263.94 C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg

0.0020378 0.0009904 0.0009929 0.0009992 0.0010084 0.0010199 0.0010337 0.0010496 0.0010679 0.0010886 0.0011122 0.0011390 0.0011697 0.0012053 0.0012472 0.0012978 0.0013611 0.0014450 0.0015693 0.0018248

1785.8 0.23 82.71 165.17 247.75 330.50 413.50 496.85 580.71 665.28 750.78 837.49 925.77 1016.1 1109.0 1205.6 1307.2 1416.6 1540.2 1703.6

1826.6 20.03 102.57 185.16 267.92 350.90 434.17 517.84 602.07 687.05 773.02 860.27 949.16 1040.2 1134.0 1231.5 1334.4 1445.5 1571.6 1740.1

s kJ/kg·K

P  10 MPa (311.00 C) 2.9207 0.0001 0 .2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841

0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980

P  20 MPa (365.75 C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380

h kJ/kg

1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4

1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3

u kJ/kg

v

3

m /kg

0.0009857 0.0009886 0.0009951 0.0010042 0.0010155 0.0010290 0.0010445 0.0010623 0.0010823 0.0011049 0.0011304 0.0011595 0.0011927 0.0012314 0.0012770 0.0013322 0.0014014 0.0014932 0.0016276 0.0018729

0.29 82.11 164.05 246.14 328.40 410.87 493.66 576.90 660.74 745.40 831.11 918.15 1006.9 1097.8 1191.5 1288.9 1391.7 1502.4 1626.8 1782.0

29.86 111.77 193.90 276.26 358.86 441.74 525.00 608.76 693.21 778.55 865.02 952.93 1042.7 1134.7 1229.8 1328.9 1433.7 1547.1 1675.6 1838.2

s kJ/kg·K

P  15 MPa (342.16 C) 3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488

0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311

P  30 MPa 4.0146 0.0005 0.2921 0.5646 0.8208 1.0627 1.2920 1.5105 1.7194 1.9203 2.1143 2.3027 2.4867 2.6676 2.8469 3.0265 3.2091 3.3996 3.6086 3.8787

h kJ/kg

1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9

1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4

3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555

P  50 MPa 0.0003 0.2897 0.5607 0.8156 1.0564 1.2847 1.5020 1.7098 1.9094 2.1020 2.2888 2.4707 2.6491 2.8250 3.0001 3.1761 3.3558 3.5438 3.7499 4.0026

0.0009767 0.0009805 0.0009872 0.0009962 0.0010072 0.0010201 0.0010349 0.0010517 0.0010704 0.0010914 0.0011149 0.0011412 0.0011708 0.0012044 0.0012430 0.0012879 0.0013409 0.0014049 0.0014848 0.0015884

0.29 80.93 161.90 243.08 324.42 405.94 487.69 569.77 652.33 735.49 819.45 904.39 990.55 1078.2 1167.7 1259.6 1354.3 1452.9 1556.5 1667.1

49.13 0.0010 129.95 0.2845 211.25 0.5528 292.88 0.8055 374.78 1.0442 456.94 1.2705 539.43 1.4859 622.36 1.6916 705.85 1.8889 790.06 2.0790 875.19 2.2628 961.45 2.4414 1049.1 2.6156 1138.4 2.7864 1229.9 2.9547 1324.0 3.1218 1421.4 3.2888 1523.1 3.4575 1630.7 3.6301 1746.5 3.8102

923 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–8 Saturated ice–water vapor Specific volume, m3 /kg Temp., T °C


Sat. ice,

Sat. vapor,

v i

v g

0.01 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40

0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490 0.02004 0.01608 0.01285

0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085 0.001085 0.001085 0.001084

205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4 5460.1 6750.5 8376.7

Internal energy, kJ/kg Sat. ice, u i 333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.94 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Subl., u ig

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. ice, h i

2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1 2729.0 2729.9 2730.7

2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4 2324.6 2321.8 2319.0

333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.93 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Subl., h ig

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. ice, s i

2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5 2838.4 2838.4 2838.3

2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7 2434.0 2430.3 2426.6

1.2202 1.2204 1.2358 1.2513 1.2667 1.2821 1.2976 1.3130 1.3284 1.3439 1.3593 1.3748 1.3903 1.4057 1.4212 1.4367 1.4521 1.4676 1.4831 1.4986 1.5141 1.5296

Subl., s ig

Sat. vapor, s g

10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869 11.969 12.071 12.174

9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.557 10.644


0 0 2 1 0 1 g k / J k 0 0 0 5 = 9 h

0 0 1 1

0 0 0 1

0 0 9

0 0 8

0 0 7

0 0 6

0 0 5

0 0 4

0 0 3

0 0 2

m 3 / g

0 0 9 4

0 0 8 4

0 0 7 4

0 0 6 4

0 0 5 4

0 0 4 4

0 0 3 4

0 0 2 4

0 0 1 4

0 0 0 4

0 0 9 3

0 0 8 3

0 0 7 3

0 0 6 3

0 0 5 3

k 3 0 . 0

0 0 4 3

0 0 3 3

0 0 2 3

0 0 1 3

0 0 0 3

0 0 9 2

m 3 / g

k 1 . 0

m 3 / g

k 3 . 0

1

m / 3 g k

3

0 1

6 0 1 8 5 1 0 2 0 3 0 4

m / 3 g k

0 3

m / 3 g k 0 0

5

6

4

g

k / J k k

0 0

m / 3 g k

0 0 3

0

2 4

0

=

0 0 0 5

0 0 1

h

0

0

0

4

8

3

0 0

6

3

5

0

0

4

0 0 5 5

3

0 66 0 0 88 0 1 1 0 5 0 11 0 0 22 5 0 2 2 0 0 3 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 44 33 0 66 55 0 0 0 0 8 0

g

2 2

r

p o v v a e d

t r a u t a S

0 0

0 0 0 3 = P

4

0

3

2 8 2 3

0 0

0 0

8 1

0

0

6

K · g k / J k , 5 y p o r t n E

% 6 0

2 0

2

6

% 0 7

0

0

0 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 5 0 1 1 0 r 0 a 0 b 0 2

0 0 2 4

0 2 2

2

k = y t i s n e D

7

% 0 8

=

h

3

m 3 / g

%

0 9 9

= = y i t l u a Q Q

k / J k k 0 0 6

1 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 1

0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0

8

3 4

m / 3 g k

7

0

0 4

2

50%

g k /

0 0

1 6

J

k

0 0

2

2

=

s i c n a r F & r o l y a T / e g d e l t u o R f o n o i s s i m r e p y b d e c u d o r p e R . l l e K . S e g r o e G d n a , r e h g a l l a G . S n h o J , r a a H r e t s e L y b

h

0

3 . 0 4 . 0 . 0 . 6 0 1 8 . 0 5 . 1 2

m / 3 g k

8

0 0

1 2 0 0 . 0 8 3 0 0 0 0 0 . 4 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 0 5 1 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 . 8 2 3 0 0 g . 0 k / 4 9 0 J . 0 k 6 0 1 0 0 . 0 . 5 0 0 5 0 8 6 5 5 5 0 . 2 6 1 2 2 . 0 0 = 2 .

k 1 0 . 0 = y t i s n e D

3 m / g

0 0 0 5

0 0 1

4

0 0

0 2

h

0 0

1 4

0

0

% 0 4

8

1

0

0

6

1

3

d i u 0 q 1 2 0 i % l 0 3 d e 0 t 0 a r 4 u 1 t a 1 0 0 0 S 0 % 0 0

3

1

0

0

0

%

1

2

0 1 8 0 0 = y t i l a u 0 0 Q 6

2 g

J / k k k 4 0 0 h = 4

1

1 2 0 0

0 0 0 2 1

0 0 1 1

0 0 0 1

0 0 9

0 0 8

0 0 0 0 0 0 7 C 6 5 ° , e r u t a r e p m e T

0 0 4

0 0 3

1 / s e l b a T m a e t S C R N / S B N

2

2

0 0 2

0 0 1

0 0

. r e t a m w o r F r . o f 4 8 9 9 – m a 1 A r © . t c n E g a h g I R i i , r s U d y k G I F

s T

p o o o C B

925 APPENDIX 1

5000

2

3

4

5

6 1 1 0 0 ° C

7

8

9

10 5000

C 0 0 1 1 = °

T

1 0 0 0 ° C

9 0 0 ° C

3

m / g

4000 a r b 0 0 0 0 3 = P

4000

k 0 0 0 8 0

1 = = y t i s

0 0 0 5 2

n e

3

D 0 0 0 0 2

0 0 0 5 1

/ m g k

7 0 0 ° C

0

0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 5 0 0 0 0

3

/ m g k

0 1

3

m / g

4 3 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 5 0 0 1 1 0 8 6 0 0 0 5 0 4

6 0 0 ° C

g k / J k , y p 3000 l a h t n E

0 ° C

8

0 .

0 0

5

6 4

3 2 5 1 . 1 0 .

5 0 3 0. 0 a r 5 0. 1 8 1 8 b 6 0 0 0 . 0 0 4 0 0. 0 00. 0. 0 . 2 . 0 0 0 . = 0

P

8 8 % 8 6 % 8 4 % 8 2 % 8 0 % 7 8 % 7 6 % 7 4 % 7 2 % 7

= 3 0 0 ° C

3000

3 5 0. 2 . 1 0. 0 1 0.

9 8% 9 6 % Q u 9 4 4 % a l i t y = 9 2 % 9 0 %

T

2000

m / g k 1

= = y t i s e n D

8 0. 6 0. 4 0. 4 0 0 ° C

3

/ m

g k 1 . 0

3 0 0 0 5 0 2 1 8 6 0 1 4

5 0 0 ° C

3

k 1

2000

0 % 6 8 % 6 6

% 6 4 % 6 2 6 % 5 0 8 % 5 % 5 6 4 % 5 % 2 5 % 0 4 %

8 4 % 6 4 % 4 4 % 2 4 % 0 %

1000

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1000 10

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

FIGURE A-10 Mollier diagram for water. Copyright © 1984. From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Reproduced by permission of Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.


TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. Sat. Temp., press., liquid, T °C P sat kPa v f

Sat. vapor,

40

v g


Enthalpy, kJ/kg Sat. liquid, Evap., h f h fg

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Evap., u fg

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

207.37 0.000 208.51 2.515 209.66 5.037 210.81 7.566 211.96 10.10

225.86 224.61 223.35 222.09 220.81

225.86 227.12 228.39 229.65 230.91

0.00000 0.01072 0.02138 0.03199 0.04253

0.96866 0.95511 0.94176 0.92859 0.91560

0.96866 0.96584 0.96315 0.96058 0.95813

51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71

0.0007054 0.0007083 0.0007112 0.0007142 0.0007172

0.36081 0.32732 0.29751 0.27090 0.24711

0.036

2.475 4.992 7.517 10.05

207.40 206.04 204.67 203.29 201.91

84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72

0.0007203 0.0007234 0.0007265 0.0007297 0.0007329

0.22580 0.20666 0.18946 0.17395 0.15995

12.59 15.13 17.69 20.25 22.82

200.52 199.12 197.72 196.30 194.88

213.11 214.25 215.40 216.55 217.70

12.65 15.20 17.76 20.33 22.91

219.52 232.17 218.22 233.43 216.92 234.68 215.59 235.92 214.26 s237.17

0.05301 0.06344 0.07382 0.08414 0.09441

0.90278 0.89012 0.87762 0.86527 0.85307

0.95579 0.95356 0.95144 0.94941 0.94748

132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37

0.0007362 0.0007396 0.0007430 0.0007464 0.0007499

0.14729 0.13583 0.12542 0.11597 0.10736

25.39 27.98 30.57 33.17 35.78

193.45 192.01 190.56 189.09 187.62

218.84 219.98 221.13 222.27 223.40

25.49 28.09 30.69 33.30 35.92

212.91 211.55 210.18 208.79 207.38

238.41 239.64 240.87 242.09 243.30

0.10463 0.11481 0.12493 0.13501 0.14504

0.84101 0.82908 0.81729 0.80561 0.79406

0.94564 0.94389 0.94222 0.94063 0.93911

2

200.74 217.08 234.44 252.85 272.36

0.0007535 0.0007571 0.0007608 0.0007646 0.0007684

0.099516 0.092352 0.085802 0.079804 0.074304

38.40 41.03 43.66 46.31 48.96

186.14 184.64 183.13 181.61 180.08

224.54 225.67 226.80 227.92 229.04

38.55 41.19 43.84 46.50 49.17

205.96 204.52 203.07 201.60 200.11

244.51 245.72 246.91 248.10 249.28

0.15504 0.16498 0.17489 0.18476 0.19459

0.78263 0.77130 0.76008 0.74896 0.73794

0.93766 0.93629 0.93497 0.93372 0.93253

0 2 4 6 8

293.01 314.84 337.90 362.23 387.88

0.0007723 0.0007763 0.0007804 0.0007845 0.0007887

0.069255 0.064612 0.060338 0.056398 0.052762

51.63 54.30 56.99 59.68 62.39

178.53 176.97 175.39 173.80 172.19

230.16 231.27 232.38 233.48 234.58

51.86 54.55 57.25 59.97 62.69

198.60 197.07 195.51 193.94 192.35

250.45 251.61 252.77 253.91 255.04

0.20439 0.21415 0.22387 0.23356 0.24323

0.72701 0.71616 0.70540 0.69471 0.68410

0.93139 0.93031 0.92927 0.92828 0.92733

10 12 14 16 18

414.89 443.31 473.19 504.58 537.52

0.0007930 0.0007975 0.0008020 0.0008066 0.0008113

0.049403 0.046295 0.043417 0.040748 0.038271

65.10 67.83 70.57 73.32 76.08

170.56 168.92 167.26 165.58 163.88

235.67 236.75 237.83 238.90 239.96

65.43 68.18 70.95 73.73 76.52

190.73 189.09 187.42 185.73 184.01

256.16 257.27 258.37 259.46 260.53

0.25286 0.26246 0.27204 0.28159 0.29112

0.67356 0.66308 0.65266 0.64230 0.63198

0.92641 0.92554 0.92470 0.92389 0.92310

38 36 34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4

927 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3 /kg Sat. Sat. Temp., press., liquid, T °C P sat kPa v f

Sat. vapor, v g


Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Sat. Sat. liquid, Evap., vapor, u f u fg u g

Sat. liquid, Evap., h f h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

20 22 24 26 28

572.07 608.27 646.18 685.84 727.31

0.0008161 0.0008210 0.0008261 0.0008313 0.0008366

0.035969 0.033828 0.031834 0.029976 0.028242

78.86 81.64 84.44 87.26 90.09

162.16 160.42 158.65 156.87 155.05

241.02 242.06 243.10 244.12 245.14

79.32 82.14 84.98 87.83 90.69

182.27 180.49 178.69 176.85 174.99

261.59 262.64 263.67 264.68 265.68

0.30063 0.31011 0.31958 0.32903 0.33846

0.62172 0.61149 0.60130 0.59115 0.58102

0.92234 0.92160 0.92088 0.92018 0.91948

30 32 34 36 38

770.64 815.89 863.11 912.35 963.68

0.0008421 0.0008478 0.0008536 0.0008595 0.0008657

0.026622 92.93 0.025108 95.79 0.023691 98.66 0.022364 101.55 0.021119 104.45

153.22 151.35 149.46 147.54 145.58

246.14 93.58 247.14 96.48 248.12 99.40 249.08 102.33 250.04 105.29

173.08 171.14 169.17 167.16 165.10

266.66 267.62 268.57 269.49 270.39

0.34789 0.35730 0.36670 0.37609 0.38548

0.57091 0.56082 0.55074 0.54066 0.53058

0.91879 0.91811 0.91743 0.91675 0.91606

40 42 44 46 48

1017.1 1072.8 1130.7 1191.0 1253.6

0.0008720 0.0008786 0.0008854 0.0008924 0.0008996

0.019952 0.018855 0.017824 0.016853 0.015939

107.38 110.32 113.28 116.26 119.26

143.60 141.58 139.52 137.42 135.29

250.97 251.89 252.80 253.68 254.55

108.26 111.26 114.28 117.32 120.39

163.00 160.86 158.67 156.43 154.14

271.27 272.12 272.95 273.75 274.53

0.39486 0.40425 0.41363 0.42302 0.43242

0.52049 0.51039 0.50027 0.49012 0.47993

0.91536 0.91464 0.91391 0.91315 0.91236

52 56 60 65 70 75

1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8

0.0009150 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009750 0.0010037 0.0010372

0.014265 0.012771 0.011434 0.009950 0.008642 0.007480

125.33 131.49 137.76 145.77 154.01 162.53

130.88 126.28 121.46 115.05 108.14 100.60

256.21 257.77 259.22 260.82 262.15 263.13

126.59 132.91 139.36 147.62 156.13 164.98

149.39 144.38 139.10 132.02 124.32 115.85

275.98 277.30 278.46 279.64 280.46 280.82

0.45126 0.47018 0.48920 0.51320 0.53755 0.56241

0.45941 0.43863 0.41749 0.39039 0.36227 0.33272

0.91067 0.90880 0.90669 0.90359 0.89982 0.89512

80 85 90 95 100

2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1

0.0010772 0.0011270 0.0011932 0.0012933 0.0015269

0.006436 0.005486 0.004599 0.003726 0.002630

171.40 180.77 190.89 202.40 218.72

92.23 82.67 71.29 56.47 29.19

263.63 174.24 106.35 263.44 184.07 95.44 262.18 194.76 82.35 258.87 207.05 65.21 247.91 224.79 33.58

280.59 279.51 277.11 272.26 258.37

0.58800 0.61473 0.64336 0.67578 0.72217

0.30111 0.26644 0.22674 0.17711 0.08999

0.88912 0.88117 0.87010 0.85289 0.81215

Source: Tables A–11 through A–13 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data , Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at 40°C (and 40°F).


TABLE A–12 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume, m3 /kg


Enthalpy, kJ/kg

v g

Sat. Sat. liquid, Evap., vapor, u f u fg u g

Sat. Sat. liquid, Evap., vapor, h f h fg h g

0.0007098 0.0007144 0.0007185 0.0007223 0.0007259

0.31121 0.26929 0.23753 0.21263 0.19254

3.798 7.680 11.15 14.31 17.21

205.32 203.20 201.30 199.57 197.98

209.12 210.88 212.46 213.88 215.19

3.841 7.730 11.21 14.37 17.28

223.95 222.00 220.25 218.65 217.16

0.0007324 0.0007383 0.0007437 0.0007487 0.0007533

0.16212 0.14014 0.12348 0.11041 0.099867

22.40 26.98 31.09 34.83 38.28

195.11 192.57 190.27 188.16 186.21

217.51 219.54 221.35 222.99 224.48

22.49 27.08 31.21 34.97 38.43

0.0007620 0.0007699 2.46 0.0007772 5.82 0.0007841 8.91 0.0007907

0.083897 0.072352 0.063604 0.056738 0.051201

44.48 49.97 54.92 59.44 63.62

182.67 179.50 176.61 173.94 171.45

227.14 229.46 231.52 233.38 235.07

Sat. Sat. Press., temp., liquid, P kPa T sat °C v f

Sat. vapor,

Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

227.79 229.73 231.46 233.02 234.44

0.01634 0.03267 0.04711 0.06008 0.07188

0.94807 0.92775 0.90999 0.89419 0.87995

0.96441 0.96042 0.95710 0.95427 0.95183

214.48 212.08 209.90 207.90 206.03

236.97 239.16 241.11 242.86 244.46

0.09275 0.11087 0.12693 0.14139 0.15457

0.85503 0.83368 0.81496 0.79826 0.78316

0.94779 0.94456 0.94190 0.93965 0.93773

44.66 50.18 55.16 59.72 63.94

202.62 199.54 196.71 194.08 191.62

247.28 249.72 251.88 253.81 255.55

0.17794 0.19829 0.21637 0.23270 0.24761

0.75664 0.73381 0.71369 0.69566 0.67929

0.93458 0.93210 0.93006 0.92836 0.92691

60 70 80 90 100

36.95

120 140 160 180 200

22.32

240 280 320 360 400

5.38

450 500 550 600 650

12.46 15.71 18.73 21.55 24.20

0.0007985 0.0008059 0.0008130 0.0008199 0.0008266

0.045619 0.041118 0.037408 0.034295 0.031646

68.45 72.93 77.10 81.02 84.72

168.54 165.82 163.25 160.81 158.48

237.00 238.75 240.35 241.83 243.20

68.81 73.33 77.54 81.51 85.26

188.71 185.98 183.38 180.90 178.51

257.53 259.30 260.92 262.40 263.77

0.26465 0.28023 0.29461 0.30799 0.32051

0.66069 0.64377 0.62821 0.61378 0.60030

0.92535 0.92400 0.92282 0.92177 0.92081

700 750 800 850

26.69 29.06 31.31 33.45

0.0008331 0.0008395 0.0008458 0.0008520

0.029361 0.027371 0.025621 0.024069

88.24 91.59 94.79 97.87

156.24 154.08 152.00 149.98

244.48 245.67 246.79 247.85

88.82 92.22 95.47 98.60

176.21 173.98 171.82 169.71

265.03 266.20 267.29 268.31

0.33230 0.34345 0.35404 0.36413

0.58763 0.57567 0.56431 0.55349

0.91994 0.91912 0.91835 0.91762

900 950 1000 1200 1400

35.51 37.48 39.37 46.29 52.40

0.0008580 0.0008641 0.0008700 0.0008934 0.0009166

0.022683 0.021438 0.020313 0.016715 0.014107

100.83 103.69 106.45 116.70 125.94

148.01 146.10 144.23 137.11 130.43

248.85 249.79 250.68 253.81 256.37

101.61 104.51 107.32 117.77 127.22

167.66 165.64 163.67 156.10 148.90

269.26 270.15 270.99 273.87 276.12

0.37377 0.38301 0.39189 0.42441 0.45315

0.54315 0.53323 0.52368 0.48863 0.45734

0.91692 0.91624 0.91558 0.91303 0.91050

1600 1800 2000 2500 3000

57.88 62.87 67.45 77.54 86.16

0.0009400 0.0009639 0.0009886 0.0010566 0.0011406

0.012123 0.010559 0.009288 0.006936 0.005275

134.43 142.33 149.78 166.99 183.04

124.04 117.83 111.73 96.47 80.22

258.47 260.17 261.51 263.45 263.26

135.93 144.07 151.76 169.63 186.46

141.93 135.11 128.33 111.16 92.63

277.86 279.17 280.09 280.79 279.09

0.47911 0.50294 0.52509 0.57531 0.62118

0.42873 0.40204 0.37675 0.31695 0.25776

0.90784 0.90498 0.90184 0.89226 0.87894

33.87 31.13 28.65 26.37

18.77 15.60 12.73 10.09

1.25

929 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a T °C

v

3

m /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  0.06 MPa (T sat  36.95°C) Sat. 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.31121 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410

2 09.12 220.60 2 27.55 2 34.66 2 41.92 2 49.35 2 56.95 2 64.71 2 72.64 2 80.73 2 88.99 2 97.41 3 06.00 3 14.74

227.79 240.76 248.58 256.54 264.66 272.94 281.37 289.97 298.74 307.66 316.75 326.00 335.42 344.99

0.9644 1.0174 1 .0477 1.0774 1 .1066 1 .1353 1 .1636 1 .1915 1 .2191 1 .2463 1 .2732 1 .2997 1 .3260 1 .3520

P  0.18 MPa (T sat  12.73°C) Sat. 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.11041 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748 0.13248 0.13741 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15673 0.16149 0.16622

2 22.99 225.02 2 32.48 240.00 247.64 255.41 263.31 271.36 279.56 287.91 296.42 305.07 313.88

242.86 245.16 253.58 262.04 270.59 279.25 288.05 296.98 306.05 315.27 324.63 334.14 343.80

0 .9397 0.9484 0.9798 1 .0102 1 .0399 1 .0690 1 .0975 1 .1256 1 .1532 1 .1805 1 .2074 1 .2339 1 .2602

P  0.28 MPa (T sat  1.25°C) Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

0.07235 0.07282 0.07646 0.07997 0.08338 0.08672 0.09000 0.09324 0.09644 0.09961 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11205 0.11512 0.11818

229.46 230.44 238.27 246.13 254.06 262.10 270.27 278.56 286.99 295.57 304.29 313.15 322.16 331.32 340.63 350.09

249.72 250.83 259.68 268.52 277.41 286.38 295.47 304.67 314.00 323.46 333.06 342.80 352.68 362.70 372.87 383.18

0.9321 0.9362 0 .9680 0 .9987 1 .0285 1 .0576 1 .0862 1 .1142 1 .1418 1 .1690 1 .1958 1 .2222 1 .2483 1 .2742 1 .2997 1 .3250

v

3

m /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  0.10 MPa (T sat  26.37°C) 0.19254 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138

215.19 219.66 226.75 233.95 241.30 248.79 256.44 264.25 272.22 280.35 288.64 297.08 305.69 314.46

234.44 239.50 247.49 255.58 263.81 272.17 280.68 289.34 298.16 307.13 316.26 325.55 334.99 344.60

0.9518 0.9721 1.0030 1.0332 1.0628 1.0918 1.1203 1.1484 1.1762 1.2035 1.2305 1.2572 1.2836 1.3096

P  0.20 MPa (T sat  10.09°C) 0.09987 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418 0.11874 0.12322 0.12766 0.13206 0.13641 0.14074 0.14504 0.14933

224.48 224.55 232.09 239.67 247.35 255.14 263.08 271.15 279.37 287.73 296.25 304.92 313.74

244.46 244.54 253.05 261.58 270.18 278.89 287.72 296.68 305.78 315.01 324.40 333.93 343.60

0.9377 0.9380 0.9698 1.0004 1.0303 1.0595 1.0882 1.1163 1.1441 1.1714 1.1983 1.2249 1.2512

P  0.32 MPa (T sat  2.46°C)

v

3

m /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  0.14 MPa (T sat  18.77°C) 0.14014

219.54

239.16

0.9446

0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449

225.91 233.23 240.66 248.22 255.93 263.79 271.79 279.96 288.28 296.75 305.38 314.17

246.36 254.60 262.93 271.38 279.97 288.70 297.57 306.59 315.77 325.09 334.57 344.20

0.9724 1.0031 1.0331 1.0624 1.0912 1.1195 1.1474 1.1749 1.2020 1.2288 1.2553 1.2814

P  0.24 MPa (T sat  5.38°C) 0.08390

227.14

247.28

0.9346

0.08617 0.09026 0.09423 0.09812 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398

231.29 238.98 246.74 254.61 262.59 270.71 278.97 287.36 295.91 304.60 313.44

251.97 260.65 269.36 278.16 287.06 296.08 305.23 314.51 323.93 333.49 343.20

0.9519 0 .9831 1 .0134 1 .0429 1 .0718 1 .1001 1 .1280 1 .1554 1 .1825 1 .2092 1.2356

P  0.40 MPa (T sat  8.91°C)

0.06360

231.52

251.88

0.9301

0.051201

235.07

255.55

0.9269

0.06609 0.06925 0.07231 0.07530 0.07823 0.08111 0.08395 0.08675 0.08953 0.09229 0.09503 0.09775 0.10045 0.10314

237.54 245.50 253.50 261.60 269.82 278.15 286.62 295.22 303.97 312.86 321.89 331.07 340.39 349.86

258.69 267.66 276.65 285.70 294.85 304.11 313.48 322.98 332.62 342.39 352.30 362.35 372.54 382.87

0.9544 0.9856 1.0157 1.0451 1.0739 1.1021 1.1298 1.1571 1.1840 1.2105 1.2367 1.2626 1.2882 1.3135

0.051506 0.054213 0.056796 0.059292 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068747 0.071023 0.073274 0.075504 0.077717 0.079913 0.082096

235.97 244.18 252.36 260.58 268.90 277.32 285.86 294.53 303.32 312.26 321.33 330.55 339.90 349.41

256.58 265.86 275.07 284.30 293.59 302.96 312.44 322.02 331.73 341.57 351.53 361.63 371.87 382.24

0.9305 0.9628 0.9937 1.0236 1.0528 1.0814 1.1094 1.1369 1.1640 1.1907 1.2171 1.2431 1.2688 1.2942


TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a (Continued ) T °C

v

3

m /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  0.50 MPa (T sat  15.71°C) Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

0.041118 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775

238.75 242.40 250.84 259.26 267.72 276.25 284.89 293.64 302.51 311.50 320.63 329.89 339.29 348.83 358.51 368.33

259.30 263.46 273.01 282.48 291.96 301.50 311.10 320.80 330.61 340.53 350.57 360.73 371.03 381.46 392.02 402.72

0.9240 0.9383 0.9703 1.0011 1.0309 1.0599 1.0883 1.1162 1.1436 1.1705 1.1971 1.2233 1.2491 1.2747 1.2999 1.3249

P  0.80 MPa (T sat  31.31°C) Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.025621 0.027035 0.028547 0.029973 0.031340 0.032659 0.033941 0.035193 0.036420 0.037625 0.038813 0.039985 0.041143 0.042290 0.043427 0.044554

246.79 254.82 263.86 272.83 281.81 290.84 299.95 309.15 318.45 327.87 337.40 347.06 356.85 366.76 376.81 386.99

267.29 276.45 286.69 296.81 306.88 316.97 327.10 337.30 347.59 357.97 368.45 379.05 389.76 400.59 411.55 422.64

0.9183 0.9480 0.9802 1.0110 1.0408 1.0698 1.0981 1.1258 1.1530 1.1798 1.2061 1.2321 1.2577 1.2830 1.3080 1.3327

P  1.20 MPa (T sat  46.29°C) Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.016715 0.017201 0.018404 0.019502 0.020529 0.021506 0.022442 0.023348 0.024228 0.025086 0.025927 0.026753 0.027566 0.028367 0.029158

253.81 273.87 257.63 278.27 267.56 289.64 277.21 300.61 286.75 311.39 296.26 322.07 305.80 332.73 315.38 343.40 325.03 354.11 334.77 364.88 344.61 375.72 354.56 386.66 364.61 397.69 374.78 408.82 385.08 420.07

0.9130 0.9267 0.9614 0.9938 1.0248 1.0546 1.0836 1.1118 1.1394 1.1664 1.1930 1.2192 1.2449 1.2703 1.2954

v

3

m /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  0.60 MPa (T sat  21.55°C)

v

3

m /kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P  0.70 MPa (T sat  26.69°C)

0.034295

241.83

262.40

0.9218

0.029361

244.48

265.03 0.9199

0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006

249.22 257.86 266.48 275.15 283.89 292.73 301.67 310.73 319.91 329.23 338.67 348.25 357.96 367.81

270.81 280.58 290.28 299.98 309.73 319.55 329.46 339.47 349.59 359.82 370.18 380.66 391.27 402.01

0.9499 0.9816 1.0121 1.0417 1.0705 1.0987 1.1264 1.1536 1.1803 1.2067 1.2327 1.2584 1.2838 1.3088

0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597

247.48 256.39 265.20 274.01 282.87 291.80 300.82 309.95 319.19 328.55 338.04 347.66 357.41 367.29

268.45 278.57 288.53 298.42 308.33 318.28 328.29 338.40 348.60 358.90 369.32 379.86 390.52 401.31

P  0.90 MPa (T sat  35.51°C) 0.022683 0.023375 0.024809 0.026146 0.027413 0.028630 0.029806 0.030951 0.032068 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423

248.85 253.13 262.44 271.60 280.72 289.86 299.06 308.34 317.70 327.18 336.76 346.46 356.28 366.23 376.31 386.52

269.26 274.17 284.77 295.13 305.39 315.63 325.89 336.19 346.56 357.02 367.58 378.23 389.00 399.88 410.88 422.00

0.9169 0.9327 0.9660 0.9976 1.0280 1.0574 1.0860 1.1140 1.1414 1.1684 1.1949 1.2210 1.2467 1.2721 1.2972 1.3221

P  1.40 MPa (T sat  52.40°C)

0.9313 0.9641 0.9954 1.0256 1.0549 1.0835 1.1114 1.1389 1.1658 1.1924 1.2186 1.2444 1.2699 1.2951

P  1.00 MPa (T sat  39.37°C) 0.020313 0.020406 0.021796 0.023068 0.024261 0.025398 0.026492 0.027552 0.028584 0.029592 0.030581 0.031554 0.032512 0.033457 0.034392 0.035317

250.68 251.30 260.94 270.32 279.59 288.86 298.15 307.51 316.94 326.47 336.11 345.85 355.71 365.70 375.81 386.04

270.99 271.71 282.74 293.38 303.85 314.25 324.64 335.06 345.53 356.06 366.69 377.40 388.22 399.15 410.20 421.36

0.9156 0.9179 0.9525 0.9850 1.0160 1.0458 1.0748 1.1031 1.1308 1.1580 1.1846 1.2109 1.2368 1.2623 1.2875 1.3124

P  1.60 MPa (T sat  57.88°C)

0.014107

256.37

276.12

0.9105

0.012123

258.47

277.86

0.9078

0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021155 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024757

264.46 274.62 284.51 294.28 304.01 313.76 323.55 333.41 343.34 353.37 363.51 373.75 384.10

285.47 297.10 308.34 319.37 330.30 341.19 352.09 363.02 374.01 385.07 396.20 407.43 418.76

0.9389 0.9733 1.0056 1.0364 1.0661 1.0949 1.1230 1.1504 1.1773 1.2038 1.2298 1.2554 1.2807

0.012372 0.013430 0.014362 0.015215 0.016014 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019545 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456

260.89 271.76 282.09 292.17 302.14 312.07 322.02 332.00 342.05 352.17 362.38 372.69 383.11

280.69 293.25 305.07 316.52 327.76 338.91 350.02 361.12 372.26 383.44 394.69 406.02 417.44

0.9163 0.9535 0.9875 1.0194 1.0500 1.0795 1.1081 1.1360 1.1632 1.1900 1.2163 1.2421 1.2676

931 APPENDIX 1

100 20

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750 20

3

10

0 0 5 1

0 5 4 1

0 0 4 1

0 5 3 1

0 0 3 1

0 5 2 1

/ m g k 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1

3 0 0

4 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 8 5 0 0 9 9 8 0 1 7 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 1

16

1 0 0

2

70 60 50

2

40 4 0

a P M , e r u s 0.4 s e r P

32

2 0

T = 0 ° C

1

24

1

16 12 8

4 6 . 0

2 7 . 0

0 8 . 0

8 8 . 0

6 9 . 0

2 1 . 1

4 0 . 1

0 2 . 1

8 2 . 1

6

3 . 1

4

4 . 1

2

0

5 . 1

6 . 1

8

6 . 1

6

7 . 1

4 .8 1

2 .9 1

8 0 2 .

0 .0 2

– 4 0

0.04 – 6 0

4

2 4 2 .

2 3 2 .

8 4 2 .

0 4 2 .

0.2

3.2 2.4

0.1 1.2

0.02

150

K   k g / J k 6 1 . 2 = s

1.6

s id u l iq d te ra t u sa

1 . 0

0.4

6

– 2 0

0.2

0.01 100

4

90

6 0

R-134a

0.1

120

8 0

4

10

m 3 3 m g / g / k 0 k 0 0 0 2 = 2 h y = t ty i i s s n n e e D D 0

2 . 0

. 3 0

200

. 4 0

.5 0 = X

. 6 0

250

.7 0

300

. 8 0

. 9 0

350

r o a p v d a te r t u 0 4 sa –

0 0 2 –

0

0 2

0

4

0 6

0 8

0 1

1

2

C 0

0 8

6 4

2 1

1 1

500

2 2

4 2

2

2

6

0 8 3

0.8

0.04

0.6

= T

8 4 . 2

400 450 Enthalpy, kJ/kg

0 0

0 0

°

0 0

0

0

0

550

600

0.4

6 5 . 2 = s s

4 6 . 2

650

2 7 . 2

700

0.02

0.3

0.01 750

FIGURE A–14 P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a. Note: The reference point used for the chart is different than that used in the R-134a tables. Therefore, problems should be solved using all property data either from the tables or from the chart, but not from both. Reprinted by permission of American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

932 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (a) Low pressures, 0 < P < 1.0 R

T = 5.00 5.00 R R

3.00

1.0 0 . 6 0 0

8. 0 0

6. 0 0

5. 0 0

4. 0 0 . 5 0 3

0 .

. 6 7 5 5 .

0.9

0 7 0

2.00

3. 0 0 0 2. 6 2. 4 0 2 0 2.

1.60

0 2. 0 0 1. 8

0 . 8 0

1.40

0 1. 6 5 0 1. 0 1. 4 0 1. 3

0 . 8 5

0.8

0 .9 0

– T P — R = Z , 0.7

1.30

. 0 1 2

1.2 0

0 1. 1

v

R O T C A F Y T I L I 0.6 B I S S E R P M O C

T = 2.5 Z 1.00 R T = 15 T = 3.00 R

NOTE

1.15

0 1. 0

0 0. 9

≈

0 .9 5

≈

R

7 . = 0 v R v R

NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS REDUCED PRESSURE, P

P = —– Pcr

R

PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME,

Z 0.95

CHART No. 1

T

T cr

R

1.00

2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90

30

REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T = —– v

20 0 . 6 0

0 . 6 5

15

0.90 0.00

T

R R

= 1 .

. 0

0.85 12 0 10 . 7 0

= ––—––– R RT cr / Pcr

v

0.4

0.80

v

v r R

0.05

0.75 0.10

P R

1953

0.3 0.0

0

0 0. 8 1 .0 5

---DEVIATION > 1.0%

0.5

1 .1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

REDUCED PRESSURE, P

R

(b) Intermediate pressures, 0 < P < 7 R

3.50

1.10 T = 5.00 R

1.00

0.90

0 0 5. 0 3 0 0 0 3. 0 0 .4 2. 1 6 . 1 . 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1. 0 8 . 9 0. 0 7 6 0. . 0

0

– v T0.80 P R —

2.00 1.80 1.60 0 5 . = 0 5 4

v R R

=

0.

Z

, R O 0.70 T C A F Y T I L I 0.60 B I S S E R P M O 0.50 C

2.50

1.50

0 0. 4 . 5 0 3

1.40

3 0

0. 5 1.30 0 2 .

. 0 0 0 2 =

v R R

1.20 NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS

1.15 1.10

0.40

REDUCED PRESSURE,

P P = —– R Pcr

REDUCED TEMPERATURE,

v

1.05

PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME,

0.30

0.5

1.0

v

R

= —– RT cr / Pcr

CHART No. 2

1953

T = 1.00 R

0.20 0.0

T T = —– R T cr

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

REDUCED PRESSURE, P

R

FIGURE A–15 Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart. Used with permission of Dr. Edward E. Obert, University of Wisconsin.

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

933 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–16 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude Altitude, m

Temperature, °C

Pressure, kPa

Gravity g , m/s2

Speed of Sound, m/s

Density, kg/m3

Viscosity kg/m·s

Thermal Conductivity, W/m·K

m,

0 200 400 600 800

15.00 13.70 12.40 11.10 9.80

101.33 98.95 96.61 94.32 92.08

9.807 9.806 9.805 9.805 9.804

340.3 339.5 338.8 338.0 337.2

1.225 1.202 1.179 1.156 1.134

1.789  105 1.783  105 1.777  105 1.771  105 1.764  105

0.0253 0.0252 0.0252 0.0251 0.0250

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30

89.88 87.72 85.60 83.53 81.49

9.804 9.803 9.802 9.802 9.801

336.4 335.7 334.9 334.1 333.3

1.112 1.090 1.069 1.048 1.027

1.758  105 1.752  105 1.745  105 1.739  105 1.732  105

0.0249 0.0248 0.0247 0.0245 0.0244

2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

2.00 0.70 0.59 1.89 3.19

79.50 77.55 75.63 73.76 71.92

9.800 9.800 9.799 9.799 9.798

332.5 331.7 331.0 330.2 329.4

1.007 0.987 0.967 0.947 0.928

1.726  105 1.720  105 1.713  105 1.707  105 1.700  105

0.0243 0.0242 0.0241 0.0240 0.0239

3000 3200 3400 3600 3800

4.49

70.12 68.36 66.63 64.94 63.28

9.797 9.797 9.796 9.796 9.795

328.6 327.8 327.0 326.2 325.4

0.909 0.891 0.872 0.854 0.837

1.694 1.687 1.681 1.674 1.668

 105

0.0238 0.0237 0.0236 0.0235 0.0234

4000 4200 4400 4600 4800

10.98

61.66 60.07 58.52 57.00 55.51

9.794 9.794 9.793 9.793 9.792

324.6 323.8 323.0 322.2 321.4

0.819 0.802 0.785 0.769 0.752

1.661 1.655 1.648 1.642 1.635

 105

5000 5200 5400 5600 5800

17.5

54.05 52.62 51.23 49.86 48.52

9.791 9.791 9.790 9.789 9.785

320.5 319.7 318.9 318.1 317.3

0.736 0.721 0.705 0.690 0.675

1.628 1.622 1.615 1.608 1.602

 105

6000 6200 6400 6600 6800

24.0

47.22 45.94 44.69 43.47 42.27

9.788 9.788 9.787 9.786 9.785

316.5 315.6 314.8 314.0 313.1

0.660 0.646 0.631 0.617 0.604

1.595 1.588 1.582 1.575 1.568

 105

7000 8000 9000

30.5

41.11 35.65 30.80

9.785 9.782 9.779

312.3 308.1 303.8

0.590 0.526 0.467

1.561 1.527 1.493

 105

10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000

49.9

26.50 19.40 14.17 10.53 7.57

9.776 9.770 9.764 9.758 9.751

299.5 295.1 295.1 295.1 295.1

0.414 0.312 0.228 0.166 0.122

1.458 1.422 1.422 1.422 1.422

 105

5.79 7.09 8.39 9.69 12.3 13.6 14.9 16.2 18.8 20.1 21.4 22.7 25.3 26.6 27.9 29.2 36.9 43.4 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5

5

 10

 105  105  105 5

 10

 105  105  105 5

 10

 105  105  105 5

 10

 105  105  105  105  105  105  105  105  105

0.0233 0.0232 0.0231 0.0230 0.0229 0.0228 0.0227 0.0226 0.0224 0.0223 0.0222 0.0221 0.0220 0.0219 0.0218 0.0217 0.0212 0.0206 0.0201 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195

Source : U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Based on year-round mean conditions at 45° latitude and varies with the time of the year and the weather patterns. The conditions at sea level (z  0) are taken to be P  101.325 kPa, T  15°C, r  1.2250 kg/m3, g  9.80665 m 2 /s.


TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air T K

h kJ/kg

u kJ/kg

v r

s° kJ/kg·K

T K

h kJ/kg

u kJ/kg

P r

P r

v r

200 210 220 230 240

1 99.97 2 09.97 2 19.97 2 30.02 2 40.02

0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355

1 42.56 1 49.69 1 56.82 1 64.00 1 71.13

1 707.0 1 512.0 1 346.0 1 205.0 1 084.0

1 .29559 1 .34444 1 .39105 1 .43557 1 .47824

580 590 600 610 620

586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07

14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36

4 19.55 4 27.15 4 34.78 4 42.42 4 50.09

1 15.7 1 10.6 1 05.8 1 01.2 96.92

2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356

250 260 270 280 285

250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14

0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584

178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33

979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1

1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055

630 640 650 660 670

638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14

19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46

457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81

92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61

2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589

290 295 298 300 305

290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22

1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686

206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67

676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0

1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865

680 690 700 710 720

691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82

25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02

496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14

75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53

2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319

310 315 320 325 330

310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34

1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352

221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61

572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4

1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783

730 740 750 760 780

745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03

33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35

536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12

62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64

2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013

340 350 360 370 380

340.42 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77

2.149 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176

242.82 250.02 257.24 264.46 271.69

454.1 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4

1.82790 1.85708 1.88543 1.91313 1.94001

800 820 840 860 880

821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56

47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98

592.30 608.59 624.95 641.40 657.95

48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61

2.71787 2.74504 2.77170 2.79783 2.82344

390 400 410 420 430

390.88 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43

3.481 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915

278.93 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99

321.5 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1

1.96633 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533

900 920 940 960 980

932.93 955.38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25

75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2

674.58 691.28 708.08 725.02 741.98

34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73

2.84856 2.87324 2.89748 2.92128 2.94468

440 450 460 470 480

4 41.61 4 51.80 4 62.02 4 72.24 4 82.49

5.332 5.775 6.245 6.742 7.268

315.30 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70

236.8 223.6 211.4 200.1 189.5

2 .08870 2 .11161 2 .13407 2 .15604 2 .17760

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

1 046.04 1 068.89 1 091.85 1 114.86 1 137.89

1 14.0 1 23.4 1 33.3 1 43.9 1 55.2

758.94 776.10 793.36 810.62 827.88

25.17 23.72 23.29 21.14 19.98

2.96770 2.99034 3.01260 3.03449 3.05608

490 500 510 520 530

492.74 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98

7.824 8.411 9.031 9.684 10.37

352.08 359.49 366.92 374.36 381.84

179.7 170.6 162.1 154.1 146.7

2.19876 2.21952 2.23993 2.25997 2.27967

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254.34

167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2

845.33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915.57

18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241

3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916

540 550 560 570

544.35 555.74 565.17 575.59

11.10 11.86 12.66 13.50

389.34 396.86 404.42 411.97

139.7 133.1 127.0 121.2

2.29906 2.31809 2.33685 2.35531

1200 1220 1240

1277.79 1301.31 1324.93

238.0 254.7 272.3

933.33 951.09 968.95

14.470 13.747 13.069

3.17888 3.19834 3.21751

s° kJ/kg·K

935 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded ) T K

h kJ/kg

u kJ/kg

P r

v r

1260 1280

1348.55 1372.24

290.8 310.4

986.90 1004.76

12.435 3.23638 11.835 3.25510

1600 1757.57 1620 1782.00

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44

330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2

1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26

11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337

3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474

1640 1660 1680 1700 1750

1806.46 878.9 1830.96 925.6 1855.50 974.2 1880.1 1025 1941.6 1161

1335.72 1354.48 1373.24 1392.7 1439.8

5.355 5.147 4.949 4.761 4.328

3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79

450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8

1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95

8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468

3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1

1310 1475 1655 1852 2068

1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7

3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776

3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17

601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0

1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65

7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046

3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829

2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4

2303 2559 2837 3138 3464

1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3

2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864

3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474

s° kJ/kg·K

T K

h kJ/kg

P r

u kJ/kg

v r

791.2 1298.30 5.804 834.1 1316.96 5.574

s° kJ/kg·K 3.52364 3.53879

Note: The properties P r (relative pressure) and v r (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume. Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 785–86, table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).


TABLE A–18

Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N 2 _ _

_

_

_

_

T

h

u

s °

T

h

u

s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266

0 4,562 4,770 4,979 5,188

0 182.639 183.938 185.180 186.370

600 610 620 630 640

17,563 17,864 18,166 18,468 18,772

12,574 12,792 13,011 13,230 13,450

212.066 212.564 213.055 213.541 214.018

260 270 280 290 298

7,558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669

5,396 5,604 5,813 6,021 6,190

187.514 188.614 189.673 190.695 191.502

650 660 670 680 690

19,075 19,380 19,685 19,991 20,297

13,671 13,892 14,114 14,337 14,560

214.489 214.954 215.413 215.866 216.314

300 310 320 330 340

8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,888

6,229 6,437 6,645 6,853 7,061

191.682 192.638 193.562 194.459 195.328

700 710 720 730 740

20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839

14,784 15,008 15,234 15,460 15,686

216.756 217.192 217.624 218.059 218.472

350 360 370 380 390

10,180 10,471 10,763 11,055 11,347

7,270 7,478 7,687 7,895 8,104

196.173 196.995 197.794 198.572 199.331

750 760 770 780 790

22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085 23,398

15,913 16,141 16,370 16,599 16,830

218.889 219.301 219.709 220.113 220.512

400 410 420 430 440

11,640 11,932 12,225 12,518 12,811

8,314 8,523 8,733 8,943 9,153

200.071 200.794 201.499 202.189 202.863

800 810 820 830 840

23,714 24,027 24,342 24,658 24,974

17,061 17,292 17,524 17,757 17,990

220.907 221.298 221.684 222.067 222.447

450 460 470 480 490

13,105 13,399 13,693 13,988 14,285

9,363 9,574 9,786 9,997 10,210

203.523 204.170 204.803 205.424 206.033

850 860 870 880 890

25,292 25,610 25,928 26,248 26,568

18,224 18,459 18,695 18,931 19,168

222.822 223.194 223.562 223.927 224.288

500 510 520 530 540

14,581 14,876 15,172 15,469 15,766

10,423 10,635 10,848 11,062 11,277

206.630 207.216 207.792 208.358 208.914

900 910 920 930 940

26,890 27,210 27,532 27,854 28,178

19,407 19,644 19,883 20,122 20,362

224.647 225.002 225.353 225.701 226.047

550 560 570 580 590

16,064 16,363 16,662 16,962 17,262

11,492 11,707 11,923 12,139 12,356

209.461 209.999 210.528 211.049 211.562

950 960 970 980 990

28,501 28,826 29,151 29,476 29,803

20,603 20,844 21,086 21,328 21,571

226.389 226.728 227.064 227.398 227.728

937 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–18 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N 2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

30,129 30,784 31,442 32,101 32,762

21,815 22,304 22,795 23,288 23,782

228.057 228.706 229.344 229.973 230.591

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

56,227 56,938 57,651 58,363 59,075

41,594 42,139 42,685 43,231 43,777

247.396 247.798 248.195 248.589 248.979

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

33,426 34,092 34,760 35,430 36,104

24,280 24,780 25,282 25,786 26,291

231.199 231.799 232.391 232.973 233.549

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

59,790 60,504 61,220 61,936 62,654

44,324 44,873 45,423 45,973 46,524

249.365 249.748 250.128 250.502 250.874

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

36,777 37,452 38,129 38,807 39,488

26,799 27,308 27,819 28,331 28,845

234.115 234.673 235.223 235.766 236.302

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

63,381 64,090 64,810 66,612 68,417

47,075 47,627 48,181 49,567 50,957

251.242 251.607 251.969 252.858 253.726

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

40,170 40,853 41,539 42,227 42,915

29,361 29,378 30,398 30,919 31,441

236.831 237.353 237.867 238.376 238.878

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

70,226 72,040 73,856 75,676 77,496

52,351 53,749 55,149 56,553 57,958

254.578 255.412 256.227 257.027 257.810

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

43,605 44,295 44,988 45,682 46,377

31,964 32,489 33,014 33,543 34,071

239.375 239.865 240.350 240.827 241.301

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

79,320 81,149 82,981 84,814 86,650

59,366 60,779 62,195 63,613 65,033

258.580 259.332 260.073 260.799 261.512

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

47,073 47,771 48,470 49,168 49,869

34,601 35,133 35,665 36,197 36,732

241.768 242.228 242.685 243.137 243.585

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

88,488 90,328 92,171 94,014 95,859

66,455 67,880 69,306 70,734 72,163

262.213 262.902 263.577 264.241 264.895

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

50,571 51,275 51,980 52,686 53,393

37,268 37,806 38,344 38,884 39,424

244.028 244.464 244.896 245.324 245.747

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

97,705 99,556 101,407 103,260 105,115

73,593 75,028 76,464 77,902 79,341

265.538 266.170 266.793 267.404 268.007

1700 1720 1740

54,099 54,807 55,516

39,965 40,507 41,049

246.166 246.580 246.990

3150 3200 3250

106,972 108,830 110,690

80,782 82,224 83,668

268.601 269.186 269.763

Source: Tables A–18 through A–25 are adapted from Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 787–98. Originally published in JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971.


TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O 2 _ _ T h u

_ s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,404 6,694 6,984 7,275

0 4,575 4,782 4,989 5,197

0 196.171 197.461 198.696 199.885

600 610 620 630 640

17,929 18,250 18,572 18,895 19,219

12,940 13,178 13,417 13,657 13,898

226.346 226.877 227.400 227.918 228.429

260 270 280 290 298

7,566 7,858 8,150 8,443 8,682

5,405 5,613 5,822 6,032 6,203

201.027 202.128 203.191 204.218 205.033

650 660 670 680 690

19,544 19,870 20,197 20,524 20,854

14,140 14,383 14,626 14,871 15,116

228.932 229.430 229.920 230.405 230.885

300 310 320 330 340

8,736 9,030 9,325 9,620 9,916

6,242 6,453 6,664 6,877 7,090

205.213 206.177 207.112 208.020 208.904

700 710 720 730 740

21,184 21,514 21,845 22,177 22,510

15,364 15,611 15,859 16,107 16,357

231.358 231.827 232.291 232.748 233.201

350 360 370 380 390

10,213 10,511 10,809 11,109 11,409

7,303 7,518 7,733 7,949 8,166

209.765 210.604 211.423 212.222 213.002

750 760 770 780 790

22,844 23,178 23,513 23,850 24,186

16,607 16,859 17,111 17,364 17,618

233.649 234.091 234.528 234.960 235.387

400 410 420 430 440

11,711 12,012 12,314 12,618 12,923

8,384 8,603 8,822 9,043 9,264

213.765 214.510 215.241 215.955 216.656

800 810 820 830 840

24,523 24,861 25,199 25,537 25,877

17,872 18,126 18,382 18,637 18,893

235.810 236.230 236.644 237.055 237.462

450 460 470 480 490

13,228 13,525 13,842 14,151 14,460

9,487 9,710 9,935 10,160 10,386

217.342 218.016 218.676 219.326 219.963

850 860 870 880 890

26,218 26,559 26,899 27,242 27,584

19,150 19,408 19,666 19,925 20,185

237.864 238.264 238.660 239.051 239.439

500 510 520 530 540

14,770 15,082 15,395 15,708 16,022

10,614 10,842 11,071 11,301 11,533

220.589 221.206 221.812 222.409 222.997

900 910 920 930 940

27,928 28,272 28,616 28,960 29,306

20,445 20,706 20,967 21,228 21,491

239.823 240.203 240.580 240.953 241.323

550 560 570 580 590

16,338 16,654 16,971 17,290 17,609

11,765 11,998 12,232 12,467 12,703

223.576 224.146 224.708 225.262 225.808

950 960 970 980 990

29,652 29,999 30,345 30,692 31,041

21,754 22,017 22,280 22,544 22,809

241.689 242.052 242.411 242.768 242.120

939 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O 2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

31,389 32,088 32,789 33,490 34,194

23,075 23,607 24,142 24,677 25,214

243.471 244.164 244.844 245.513 246.171

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

58,880 59,624 60,371 61,118 61,866

44,247 44,825 45,405 45,986 46,568

263.861 264.283 264.701 265.113 265.521

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

34,899 35,606 36,314 37,023 37,734

25,753 26,294 26,836 27,379 27,923

246.818 247.454 248.081 248.698 249.307

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

62,616 63,365 64,116 64,868 65,620

47,151 47,734 48,319 48,904 49,490

265.925 266.326 266.722 267.115 267.505

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

38,447 39,162 39,877 40,594 41,312

28,469 29,018 29,568 30,118 30,670

249.906 250.497 251.079 251.653 252.219

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

66,374 67,127 67,881 69,772 71,668

50,078 50,665 51,253 52,727 54,208

267.891 268.275 268.655 269.588 270.504

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

42,033 42,753 43,475 44,198 44,923

31,224 31,778 32,334 32,891 33,449

252.776 253.325 253.868 254.404 254.932

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

73,573 75,484 77,397 79,316 81,243

55,697 57,192 58,690 60,193 61,704

271.399 272.278 273.136 273.891 274.809

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

45,648 46,374 47,102 47,831 48,561

34,008 34,567 35,129 35,692 36,256

255.454 255.968 256.475 256.978 257.474

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

83,174 85,112 87,057 89,004 90,956

63,219 64,742 66,271 67,802 69,339

275.625 276.424 277.207 277.979 278.738

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

49,292 50,024 50,756 51,490 52,224

36,821 37,387 37,952 38,520 39,088

257.965 258.450 258.928 259.402 259.870

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

92,916 94,881 96,852 98,826 100,808

70,883 72,433 73,987 75,546 77,112

279.485 280.219 280.942 281.654 282.357

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

52,961 53,696 54,434 55,172 55,912

39,658 40,227 40,799 41,370 41,944

260.333 260.791 261.242 261.690 262.132

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

102,793 104,785 106,780 108,778 110,784

78,682 80,258 81,837 83,419 85,009

283.048 283.728 284.399 285.060 285.713

1700 1720 1740

56,652 57,394 58,136

42,517 43,093 43,669

262.571 263.005 263.435

3150 3200 3250

112,795 114,809 116,827

86,601 88,203 89,804

286.355 286.989 287.614


TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO 2 _ _ T h u

_ s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,601 6,938 7,280 7,627

0 4,772 5,026 5,285 5,548

0 202.966 204.464 205.920 207.337

600 610 620 630 640

22,280 22,754 23,231 23,709 24,190

17,291 17,683 18,076 18,471 18,869

243.199 243.983 244.758 245.524 246.282

260 270 280 290 298

7,979 8,335 8,697 9,063 9,364

5,817 6,091 6,369 6,651 6,885

208.717 210.062 211.376 212.660 213.685

650 660 670 680 690

24,674 25,160 25,648 26,138 26,631

19,270 19,672 20,078 20,484 20,894

247.032 247.773 248.507 249.233 249.952

300 310 320 330 340

9,431 9,807 10,186 10,570 10,959

6,939 7,230 7,526 7,826 8,131

213.915 215.146 216.351 217.534 218.694

700 710 720 730 740

27,125 27,622 28,121 28,622 29,124

21,305 21,719 22,134 22,522 22,972

250.663 251.368 252.065 252.755 253.439

350 360 370 380 390

11,351 11,748 12,148 12,552 12,960

8,439 8,752 9,068 9,392 9,718

219.831 220.948 222.044 223.122 224.182

750 760 770 780 790

29,629 30,135 30,644 31,154 31,665

23,393 23,817 24,242 24,669 25,097

254.117 254.787 255.452 256.110 256.762

400 410 420 430 440

13,372 13,787 14,206 14,628 15,054

10,046 10,378 10,714 11,053 11,393

225.225 226.250 227.258 228.252 229.230

800 810 820 830 840

32,179 32,694 33,212 33,730 34,251

25,527 25,959 26,394 26,829 27,267

257.408 258.048 258.682 259.311 259.934

450 460 470 480 490

15,483 15,916 16,351 16,791 17,232

11,742 12,091 12,444 12,800 13,158

230.194 231.144 232.080 233.004 233.916

850 860 870 880 890

34,773 35,296 35,821 36,347 36,876

27,706 28,125 28,588 29,031 29,476

260.551 261.164 261.770 262.371 262.968

500 510 520 530 540

17,678 18,126 18,576 19,029 19,485

13,521 13,885 14,253 14,622 14,996

234.814 235.700 236.575 237.439 238.292

900 910 920 930 940

37,405 37,935 38,467 39,000 39,535

29,922 30,369 30,818 31,268 31,719

263.559 264.146 264.728 265.304 265.877

550 560 570 580 590

19,945 20,407 20,870 21,337 21,807

15,372 15,751 16,131 16,515 16,902

239.135 239.962 240.789 241.602 242.405

950 960 970 980 990

40,070 40,607 41,145 41,685 42,226

32,171 32,625 33,081 33,537 33,995

266.444 267.007 267.566 268.119 268.670

941 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO 2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

42,769 43,859 44,953 46,051 47,153

34,455 35,378 36,306 37,238 38,174

269.215 270.293 271.354 272.400 273.430

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

86,420 87,612 88,806 90,000 91,196

71,787 72,812 73,840 74,868 75,897

301.543 302.217 302.884 303.544 304.198

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

48,258 49,369 50,484 51,602 52,724

39,112 40,057 41,006 41,957 42,913

274.445 275.444 276.430 277.403 278.361

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

92,394 93,593 94,793 95,995 97,197

76,929 77,962 78,996 80,031 81,067

304.845 305.487 306.122 306.751 307.374

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

53,848 54,977 56,108 57,244 58,381

43,871 44,834 45,799 46,768 47,739

297.307 280.238 281.158 282.066 282.962

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

98,401 99,606 100,804 103,835 106,864

82,105 83,144 84,185 86,791 89,404

307.992 308.604 309.210 310.701 312.160

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

59,522 60,666 61,813 62,963 64,116

48,713 49,691 50,672 51,656 52,643

283.847 284.722 285.586 286.439 287.283

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

109,898 112,939 115,984 119,035 122,091

92,023 94,648 97,277 99,912 102,552

313.589 314.988 316.356 317.695 319.011

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

65,271 66,427 67,586 68,748 66,911

53,631 54,621 55,614 56,609 57,606

288.106 288.934 289.743 290.542 291.333

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

125,152 128,219 131,290 134,368 137,449

105,197 107,849 110,504 113,166 115,832

320.302 321.566 322.808 324.026 325.222

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

71,078 72,246 73,417 74,590 76,767

58,606 59,609 60,613 61,620 62,630

292.114 292.888 292.654 294.411 295.161

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

140,533 143,620 146,713 149,808 152,908

118,500 121,172 123,849 126,528 129,212

326.396 327.549 328.684 329.800 330.896

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

76,944 78,123 79,303 80,486 81,670

63,741 64,653 65,668 66,592 67,702

295.901 296.632 297.356 298.072 298.781

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

156,009 159,117 162,226 165,341 168,456

131,898 134,589 137,283 139,982 142,681

331.975 333.037 334.084 335.114 336.126

1700 1720 1740

82,856 84,043 85,231

68,721 69,742 70,764

299.482 300.177 300.863

3150 3200 3250

171,576 174,695 177,822

145,385 148,089 150,801

337.124 338.109 339.069


TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO _ _ _ T h u s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266

0 4,562 4,771 4,979 5,188

0 188.683 189.980 191.221 192.411

600 610 620 630 640

17,611 17,915 18,221 18,527 18,833

12,622 12,843 13,066 13,289 13,512

218.204 218.708 219.205 219.695 220.179

260 270 280 290 298

7,558 7,849 8,140 8,432 8,669

5,396 5,604 5,812 6,020 6,190

193.554 194.654 195.713 196.735 197.543

650 660 670 680 690

19,141 19,449 19,758 20,068 20,378

13,736 13,962 14,187 14,414 14,641

220.656 221.127 221.592 222.052 222.505

300 310 320 330 340

8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,889

6,229 6,437 6,645 6,854 7,062

197.723 198.678 199.603 200.500 201.371

700 710 720 730 740

20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943

14,870 15,099 15,328 15,558 15,789

222.953 223.396 223.833 224.265 224.692

350 360 370 380 390

10,181 10,473 10,765 11,058 11,351

7,271 7,480 7,689 7,899 8,108

202.217 203.040 203.842 204.622 205.383

750 760 770 780 790

22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208 23,526

16,022 16,255 16,488 16,723 16,957

225.115 225.533 225.947 226.357 226.762

400 410 420 430 440

11,644 11,938 12,232 12,526 12,821

8,319 8,529 8,740 8,951 9,163

206.125 206.850 207.549 208.252 208.929

800 810 820 830 840

23,844 24,164 24,483 24,803 25,124

17,193 17,429 17,665 17,902 18,140

227.162 227.559 227.952 228.339 228.724

450 460 470 480 490

13,116 13,412 13,708 14,005 14,302

9,375 9,587 9,800 10,014 10,228

209.593 210.243 210.880 211.504 212.117

850 860 870 880 890

25,446 25,768 26,091 26,415 26,740

18,379 18,617 18,858 19,099 19,341

229.106 229.482 229.856 230.227 230.593

500 510 520 530 540

14,600 14,898 15,197 15,497 15,797

10,443 10,658 10,874 11,090 11,307

212.719 213.310 213.890 214.460 215.020

900 910 920 930 940

27,066 27,392 27,719 28,046 28,375

19,583 19,826 20,070 20,314 20,559

230.957 231.317 231.674 232.028 232.379

550 560 570 580 590

16,097 16,399 16,701 17,003 17,307

11,524 11,743 11,961 12,181 12,401

215.572 216.115 216.649 217.175 217.693

950 960 970 980 990

28,703 29,033 29,362 29,693 30,024

20,805 21,051 21,298 21,545 21,793

232.727 233.072 233.413 233.752 234.088

943 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

30,355 31,020 31,688 32,357 33,029

22,041 22,540 23,041 23,544 24,049

234.421 235.079 235.728 236.364 236.992

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

56,756 57,473 58,191 58,910 59,629

42,123 42,673 43,225 43,778 44,331

253.991 254.398 254.797 255.194 255.587

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

33,702 34,377 35,054 35,733 36,406

24,557 25,065 25,575 26,088 26,602

237.609 238.217 238.817 239.407 239.989

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

60,351 61,072 61,794 62,516 63,238

44,886 45,441 45,997 46,552 47,108

255.976 256.361 256.743 257.122 257.497

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

37,095 37,780 38,466 39,154 39,844

27,118 27,637 28,426 28,678 29,201

240.663 241.128 241.686 242.236 242.780

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

63,961 64,684 65,408 67,224 69,044

47,665 48,221 48,780 50,179 51,584

257.868 258.236 258.600 259.494 260.370

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

40,534 41,226 41,919 42,613 43,309

29,725 30,251 30,778 31,306 31,836

243.316 243.844 244.366 244.880 245.388

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

70,864 72,688 74,516 76,345 78,178

52,988 54,396 55,809 57,222 58,640

261.226 262.065 262.887 263.692 264.480

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

44,007 44,707 45,408 46,110 46,813

32,367 32,900 33,434 33,971 34,508

245.889 246.385 246.876 247.360 247.839

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

80,015 81,852 83,692 85,537 87,383

60,060 61,482 62,906 64,335 65,766

265.253 266.012 266.755 267.485 268.202

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

47,517 48,222 48,928 49,635 50,344

35,046 35,584 36,124 36,665 37,207

248.312 248.778 249.240 249.695 250.147

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

89,230 91,077 92,930 94,784 96,639

67,197 68,628 70,066 71,504 72,945

268.905 269.596 270.285 270.943 271.602

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

51,053 51,763 52,472 53,184 53,895

37,750 38,293 38,837 39,382 39,927

250.592 251.033 251.470 251.901 252.329

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

98,495 100,352 102,210 104,073 105,939

74,383 75,825 77,267 78,715 80,164

272.249 272.884 273.508 274.123 274.730

1700 1720 1740

54,609 55,323 56,039

40,474 41,023 41,572

252.751 253.169 253.582

3150 3200 3250

107,802 109,667 111,534

81,612 83,061 84,513

275.326 275.914 276.494


TABLE A–22 Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 _ _ T h u

_ s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 260 270 280 290

0 7,370 7,657 7,945 8,233

0 5,209 5,412 5,617 5,822

0 126.636 127.719 128.765 129.775

1440 1480 1520 1560 1600

42,808 44,091 45,384 46,683 47,990

30,835 31,786 32,746 33,713 34,687

177.410 178.291 179.153 179.995 180.820

298 300 320 340 360

8,468 8,522 9,100 9,680 10,262

5,989 6,027 6,440 6,853 7,268

130.574 130.754 132.621 134.378 136.039

1640 1680 1720 1760 1800

49,303 50,622 51,947 53,279 54,618

35,668 36,654 37,646 38,645 39,652

181.632 182.428 183.208 183.973 184.724

380 400 420 440 460

10,843 11,426 12,010 12,594 13,179

7,684 8,100 8,518 8,936 9,355

137.612 139.106 140.529 141.888 143.187

1840 1880 1920 1960 2000

55,962 57,311 58,668 60,031 61,400

40,663 41,680 42,705 43,735 44,771

185.463 186.190 186.904 187.607 188.297

480 500 520 560 600

13,764 14,350 14,935 16,107 17,280

9,773 10,193 10,611 11,451 12,291

144.432 145.628 146.775 148.945 150.968

2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

63,119 64,847 66,584 68,328 70,080

46,074 47,386 48,708 50,037 51,373

189.148 189.979 190.796 191.598 192.385

640 680 720 760 800

18,453 19,630 20,807 21,988 23,171

13,133 13,976 14,821 15,669 16,520

152.863 154.645 156.328 157.923 159.440

2300 2350 2400 2450 2500

71,839 73,608 75,383 77,168 78,960

52,716 54,069 55,429 56,798 58,175

193.159 193.921 194.669 195.403 196.125

840 880 920 960 1000

24,359 25,551 26,747 27,948 29,154

17,375 18,235 19,098 19,966 20,839

160.891 162.277 163.607 164.884 166.114

2550 2600 2650 2700 2750

80,755 82,558 84,368 86,186 88,008

59,554 60,941 62,335 63,737 65,144

196.837 197.539 198.229 198.907 199.575

1040 1080 1120 1160 1200

30,364 31,580 32,802 34,028 35,262

21,717 22,601 23,490 24,384 25,284

167.300 168.449 169.560 170.636 171.682

2800 2850 2900 2950 3000

89,838 91,671 93,512 95,358 97,211

66,558 67,976 69,401 70,831 72,268

200.234 200.885 201.527 202.157 202.778

1240 1280 1320 1360 1400

36,502 37,749 39,002 40,263 41,530

26,192 27,106 28,027 28,955 29,889

172.698 173.687 174.652 175.593 176.510

3050 3100 3150 3200 3250

99,065 100,926 102,793 104,667 106,545

73,707 75,152 76,604 78,061 79,523

203.391 203.995 204.592 205.181 205.765

945 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H 2O _ _ T h u

_ s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 7,295 7,628 7,961 8,294

0 5,466 5,715 5,965 6,215

0 178.576 180.054 181.471 182.831

600 610 620 630 640

20,402 20,765 21,130 21,495 21,862

15,413 15,693 15,975 16,257 16,541

212.920 213.529 214.122 214.707 215.285

260 270 280 290 298

8,627 8,961 9,296 9,631 9,904

6,466 6,716 6,968 7,219 7,425

184.139 185.399 186.616 187.791 188.720

650 660 670 680 690

22,230 22,600 22,970 23,342 23,714

16,826 17,112 17,399 17,688 17,978

215.856 216.419 216.976 217.527 218.071

300 310 320 330 340

9,966 10,302 10,639 10,976 11,314

7,472 7,725 7,978 8,232 8,487

188.928 190.030 191.098 192.136 193.144

700 710 720 730 740

24,088 24,464 24,840 25,218 25,597

18,268 18,561 18,854 19,148 19,444

218.610 219.142 219.668 220.189 220.707

350 360 370 380 390

11,652 11,992 12,331 12,672 13,014

8,742 8,998 9,255 9,513 9,771

194.125 195.081 196.012 196.920 197.807

750 760 770 780 790

25,977 26,358 26,741 27,125 27,510

19,741 20,039 20,339 20,639 20,941

221.215 221.720 222.221 222.717 223.207

400 410 420 430 440

13,356 13,699 14,043 14,388 14,734

10,030 10,290 10,551 10,813 11,075

198.673 199.521 200.350 201.160 201.955

800 810 820 830 840

27,896 28,284 28,672 29,062 29,454

21,245 21,549 21,855 22,162 22,470

223.693 224.174 224.651 225.123 225.592

450 460 470 480 490

15,080 15,428 15,777 16,126 16,477

11,339 11,603 11,869 12,135 12,403

202.734 203.497 204.247 204.982 205.705

850 860 870 880 890

29,846 30,240 30,635 31,032 31,429

22,779 23,090 23,402 23,715 24,029

226.057 226.517 226.973 227.426 227.875

500 510 520 530 540

16,828 17,181 17,534 17,889 18,245

12,671 12,940 13,211 13,482 13,755

206.413 207.112 207.799 208.475 209.139

900 910 920 930 940

31,828 32,228 32,629 33,032 33,436

24,345 24,662 24,980 25,300 25,621

228.321 228.763 229.202 229.637 230.070

550 560 570 580 590

18,601 18,959 19,318 19,678 20,039

14,028 14,303 14,579 14,856 15,134

209.795 210.440 211.075 211.702 212.320

950 960 970 980 990

33,841 34,247 34,653 35,061 35,472

25,943 26,265 26,588 26,913 27,240

230.499 230.924 231.347 231.767 232.184


TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H 2O (Continued ) _ _ _ T h u s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

35,882 36,709 37,542 38,380 39,223

27,568 28,228 28,895 29,567 30,243

232.597 233.415 234.223 235.020 235.806

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

70,535 71,523 72,513 73,507 74,506

55,902 56,723 57,547 58,375 59,207

258.151 258.708 259.262 259.811 260.357

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

40,071 40,923 41,780 42,642 43,509

30,925 31,611 32,301 32,997 33,698

236.584 237.352 238.110 238.859 239.600

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

75,506 76,511 77,517 78,527 79,540

60,042 60,880 61,720 62,564 63,411

260.898 261.436 261.969 262.497 263.022

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

44,380 45,256 46,137 47,022 47,912

34,403 35,112 35,827 36,546 37,270

240.333 241.057 241.773 242.482 243.183

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

80,555 81,573 82,593 85,156 87,735

64,259 65,111 65,965 68,111 70,275

263.542 264.059 264.571 265.838 267.081

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

48,807 49,707 50,612 51,521 52,434

38,000 38,732 39,470 40,213 40,960

243.877 244.564 245.243 245.915 246.582

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

90,330 92,940 95,562 98,199 100,846

72,454 74,649 76,855 79,076 81,308

268.301 269.500 270.679 271.839 272.978

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

53,351 54,273 55,198 56,128 57,062

41,711 42,466 43,226 43,989 44,756

247.241 247.895 248.543 249.185 249.820

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

103,508 106,183 108,868 111,565 114,273

83,553 85,811 88,082 90,364 92,656

274.098 275.201 276.286 277.354 278.407

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

57,999 58,942 59,888 60,838 61,792

45,528 46,304 47,084 47,868 48,655

250.450 251.074 251.693 252.305 252.912

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

116,991 119,717 122,453 125,198 127,952

94,958 97,269 99,588 101,917 104,256

279.441 280.462 281.464 282.453 283.429

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

62,748 63,709 64,675 65,643 66,614

49,445 50,240 51,039 51,841 52,646

253.513 254.111 254.703 255.290 255.873

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

130,717 133,486 136,264 139,051 141,846

106,605 108,959 111,321 113,692 116,072

284.390 285.338 286.273 287.194 288.102

1700 1720 1740

67,589 68,567 69,550

53,455 54,267 55,083

256.450 257.022 257.589

3150 3200 3250

144,648 147,457 150,272

118,458 120,851 123,250

288.999 289.884 290.756

947 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–24 Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, O _ _ _ T h u s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

0 6,852 6,892 11,197 21,713 32,150 34,234 36,317 38,400 40,482 42,564 43,605 44,646 45,687 46,728 47,769 48,811 49,852

0 4,373 4,398 7,040 13,398 19,679 20,931 22,183 23,434 24,685 25,935 26,560 27,186 27,811 28,436 29,062 29,688 30,314

0 160.944 161.079 172.088 186.678 195.143 196.488 197.751 198.941 200.067 201.135 201.649 202.151 202.641 203.119 203.588 204.045 204.493

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500

50,894 51,936 52,979 54,021 55,064 56,108 57,152 58,196 59,241 60,286 61,332 62,378 63,425 65,520 67,619 69,720 71,824 73,932

30,940 31,566 32,193 32,820 33,447 34,075 34,703 35,332 35,961 36,590 37,220 37,851 38,482 39,746 41,013 42,283 43,556 44,832

204.932 205.362 205.783 206.196 206.601 206.999 207.389 207.772 208.148 208.518 208.882 209.240 209.592 210.279 210.945 211.592 212.220 212.831

Ideal-gas properties of hydroxyl, OH _ _ T h u

_ s °

T

_ h

_ u

_ s °

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

K

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol

kJ/kmol·K

0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

0 9,188 9,244 15,181 30,123 46,046 49,358 52,706 56,089 59,505 62,952 64,687 66,428 68,177 69,932 71,694 73,462 75,236

0 6,709 6,749 11,024 21,809 33,575 36,055 38,571 41,123 43,708 46,323 47,642 48,968 50,301 51,641 52,987 54,339 55,697

0 183.594 183.779 198.955 219.624 232.506 234.642 236.672 238.606 240.453 242.221 243.077 243.917 244.740 245.547 246.338 247.116 247.879

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500

77,015 78,801 80,592 82,388 84,189 85,995 87,806 89,622 91,442 93,266 95,095 96,927 98,763 102,447 106,145 109,855 113,578 117,312

57,061 58,431 59,806 61,186 62,572 63,962 65,358 66,757 68,162 69,570 70,983 72,400 73,820 76,673 79,539 82,418 85,309 88,212

248.628 249.364 250.088 250.799 251.499 252.187 252.864 253.530 254.186 254.832 255.468 256.094 256.712 257.919 259.093 260.235 261.347 262.429

TABLE A–25


TABLE A–26 Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 25°C, 1 atm _ _ _ h f ° g f ° s ° Substance Formula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Water Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane n -Butane n -Octane n -Octane n -Dodecane Benzene Methyl alcohol Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Hydroxyl

C(s ) H2(g ) N2(g ) O2(g ) CO(g ) CO2(g ) H2O(g ) H2O() H2O2(g ) NH3(g ) CH4(g ) C2H2(g ) C2H4(g ) C2H6(g ) C3H6(g ) C3H8(g ) C4H10(g ) C8H18(g ) C8H18() C12H26(g ) C6H6(g ) CH3OH(g ) CH3OH() C2H5OH(g ) C2H5OH() O(g ) H(g ) N(g ) OH(g )

0 0 0 0 110,530 393,520 241,820 285,830 136,310 46,190 74,850 +226,730 +52,280 84,680 +20,410 103,850 126,150 208,450 249,950 291,010 +82,930 200,670 238,660 235,310 277,690 +249,190 +218,000 +472,650 +39,460

0 0 0 0 137,150 394,360 228,590 237,180 105,600 16,590 50,790 +209,170 +68,120 32,890 +62,720 23,490 15,710 +16,530 +6,610 +50,150 +129,660 162,000 166,360 168,570 174,890 +231,770 +203,290 +455,510 +34,280

5.74 130.68 191.61 205.04 197.65 213.80 188.83 69.92 232.63 192.33 186.16 200.85 219.83 229.49 266.94 269.91 310.12 466.73 360.79 622.83 269.20 239.70 126.80 282.59 160.70 161.06 114.72 153.30 183.70

Source: From JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Dow Chemical Co., 1971); Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; and API Research Project 44 (Carnegie Press, 1953).

949 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–27 Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons

Fuel (phase)

Formula

Molar mass, kg/kmol

Carbon (s ) Hydrogen (g ) Carbon monoxide (g ) Methane (g ) Methanol () Acetylene (g ) Ethane (g ) Ethanol () Propane () Butane () 1-Pentene () Isopentane () Benzene () Hexene () Hexane () Toluene () Heptane () Octane () Decane () Gasoline () Light diesel () Heavy diesel () Natural gas (g )

C H2 CO CH4 CH4O C2H2 C2H6 C2H6O C3H8 C4H10 C5H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H12 C6H14 C7H8 C7H16 C8H18 C10H22 Cn H1.87n Cn H1.8n Cn H1.7n Cn H3.8n N0.1n

12.011 2.016 28.013 16.043 32.042 26.038 30.070 46.069 44.097 58.123 70.134 72.150 78.114 84.161 86.177 92.141 100.204 114.231 142.285 100–110 170 200 18

Density,1 kg/L 2 — — — 0.790 — — 0.790 0.500 0.579 0.641 0.626 0.877 0.673 0.660 0.867 0.684 0.703 0.730 0.72–0.78 0.78–0.84 0.82–0.88 —

1At

1 atm and 20°C.

2At

25°C for liquid fuels, and 1 atm and normal boiling temperature for gaseous fuels.

3At

25°C. Multiply by molar mass to obtain heating values in kJ/kmol.

Enthalpy of vaporization,2 kJ/kg — — — 509 1168 — 172 919 335 362 363 — 433 392 366 412 365 363 361 350 270 230 —

Higher Specific heating heat,1 c p value,3 kJ/kg·K kJ/kg

Lower heating value,3 kJ/kg

0.708 14.4 1.05 2.20 2.53 1.69 1.75 2.44 2.77 2.42 2.20 2.32 1.72 1.84 2.27 1.71 2.24 2.23 2.21 2.4 2.2 1.9 2

32,800 120,000 10,100 50,050 19,920 48,280 47,520 26,810 46,340 45,370 44,630 44,910 40,100 44,400 44,740 40,500 44,600 44,430 44,240 44,000 43,200 42,800 45,000

32,800 141,800 10,100 55,530 22,660 49,970 51,900 29,670 50,330 49,150 47,760 48,570 41,800 47,500 48,310 42,400 48,100 47,890 47,640 47,300 46,100 45,500 50,000


TABLE A–28 Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant K p The equilibrium constant K p for the reaction

nA A + nB B ∆ nC C + nD D is

defined as K p

nC PC P Dn D ≡

P An A P Bn B

Temp., K 298 500 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000

H2

∆

2H

O2

∆

2O

N2

∆

2N

H2O

∆

H2 + 1 / 2O2

H2O

∆ 1 / 2H2

+ OH

CO2

∆

CO + 1 / 2O2

1

/ 2N2 + 1 / 2O2

∆

164.005

186.975

367.480

92.208

106.208

103.762

35.052

92.827

105.630

213.372

52.691

60.281

57.616

20.295

39.803

45.150

99.127

23.163

26.034

23.529

9.388

30.874

35.005

80.011

18.182

20.283

17.871

7.569

24.463

27.742

66.329

14.609

16.099

13.842

6.270

19.637

22.285

56.055

11.921

13.066

10.830

5.294

15.866

18.030

48.051

9.826

10.657

8.497

4.536

12.840

14.622

41.645

8.145

8.728

6.635

3.931

10.353

11.827

36.391

6.768

7.148

5.120

3.433

8.276

9.497

32.011

5.619

5.832

3.860

3.019

6.517 5.002 3.685 2.534 1.516 0.609 0.202 0.934 2.486 3.725 4.743 5.590

7.521 5.826 4.357 3.072 1.935 0.926 0.019 0.796 2.513 3.895 5.023 5.963

28.304 25.117 22.359 19.937 17.800 15.898 14.199 12.660 9.414 6.807 4.666 2.865

4.648 3.812 3.086 2.451 1.891 1.392 0.945 0.542 0.312 0.996 1.560 2.032

4.719 3.763 2.937 2.212 1.576 1.088 0.501 0.044 0.920 1.689 2.318 2.843

2.801 1.894 1.111 0.429 0.169 0.701 1.176 1.599 2.490 3.197 3.771 4.245

2.671

NO

2.372 2.114 1.888 1.690 1.513 1.356 1.216 0.921 0.686 0.497 0.341

Source: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, English/SI Version, 3rd ed. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 723, table A.14. Based on thermodynamic data given in JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Thermal Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 1971).

951 APPENDIX 1

7.5

0.50

7.0

0.55 T

0.60

R

6.5 0.65 0.70

6.0 S a t ur a t ed l i q u i d

5.5

0.75 0.80 0.90

5.0

0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96

0.75 0.80

– 4.5 h – — r c l — 4.0 a e T R d i — h — =

0.85

1.02 0.85

1.06 0.90

3.5

1.04 1.08

1.10 1.15

0.92 0.94

– h r – – — c 3.0 l T — a e u d R i — – h — 2.5 =

1.00

1.20

0.96

1.25

1.30 0.98

1.40

h

Z

e r u t r a p e d y p l a h t n E

2.0

1.50

1.5

1.70 1.80

1.0

o r v a p 5 t e d . a r 0 9 uu S a t . 9 0 0

0.5

0 0 1.

1.60

1.90 2.00 2.20

0 1 0 11. 2 0 1. 3 1. . 0 1 5

2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00

2. 0 0

4.00

0

0.1

0.2

0.3 0.4 0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0 4.0 5.0

10

20

30

Reduced pressure, P

R

– 0.500 h — c r – l — T a e R d i — h — 0.400 =

9 0 0. 0 = 9 .

T R

– h r – — c – l T 0.300 — a e u d R i — h – — = h

Z

e r u t r a p e d y p l a h t n E

0 8 0.

r r u o o p p a a v d v d e e t t a a r r u u t t a a S S

0.200

0 =

T R

. 0 1 0 0 1. 1 1. 2 0 1. 4 0

1. 6 0

0.100

2.00

FIGURE A– 29 Generalized ent halpy departure chart.

0.000 0

0.05

0.10

0.15 P

R

0.20

0.25

0.30

Source: Redrawn from Gordon van Wylen , and Richard Sontag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, (SI version), 2d ed., Wiley, New York, 1976. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley and Sons, Inc.


10.0

– 0.500 s — – l — R 0.400 a e d i s —

r r u o a p o 9 a p . 0 v v = 0 e d e d t t a T a r R r u u a t S a t S 0 0 1 .0 8

e r u — t r = 0.300 a p e – d s y – — u0.200 p o — a r l R e t d n i E s — — 0.100 =

9.0

0 .

1. 2 0 1. 4 0 1.60

s

Z 0.000

T R

8.0

1. 1 0

0

2.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 P R

0.50

–

s – — l — a R e d i — s

7.0 0.55 0.60

—

=

6.0

– s – — u l — a R e d i — s — 5.0 = s Z

e r u t r a p e d y p o r t n E

S S a t a u t u r a r t a e t d e d l i g q a u s i d

0.65 0.70

0.75

0.75

0.80

0.80 0.85

4.0

0.85

0.90 0.90

0.94

0.92

0.92 0.98

0.96

1.02

1.00

0.94 0.96

3.0

0.94 0.98

1.04

1.02

1.06 1.08

0.98

1.06

1.10 1.15

2.0 1.20

FIGURE A–30

1.0 p o r t e d v a S a t u r a 0 .9 0

Generalized entropy departure chart. Source: Redrawn from Gordon van Wylen , and Richard Sontag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, (SI version), 2d ed., Wiley, New York, 1976. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

5 9 . 0 0 0 . 4

1 1 0 1.

1.60

0 1. 2

1 .4 0

0.1

0.2

0.3 0.40.5

1.80

2.00 3.00

1.60

0

1.50

1.40

1 0 .

1.0

2.0

1.30

2.50

3.0 4.0 5.0

Reduced pressure, P

R

10

20

30

953 APPENDIX 1 T H ∆ t a e h l a t o T = – — — — — — — — e h e l b i s n e S S ∆ t a H

0 4 . 0

6 3 . 0

5 4 . 0

0 5 . 0

0 2 1

0 3

8 2

5 5 . 0

4 2

2 2

5 6 . 0

0 0 1

0 1 1

6 2

0 6 . 0

0 2

0 7 . 0

5 0 5 0 5 7 . 8 . 8 . 9 . 9 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 9

8 1

6 1

0 8

4 1

2 1

0 7

0 1

8

0 6

6

4

2

0 5

r i a y r d m a r g o l i k r e p e r u t s i o m s m a r g )  ( o i t a r y t i d i m u H

0 .9 4

a i r d r y a m r g i l o e r k e r p t e i c m c u b m e u l v o 0 .9 2

0 4

0. 9 0

0 3

C e r t u a e r p m t e b l b u t e w 5 2 °

y t i d i m u h e v i t a l e r

0. 8 8

0 3 0 0 1

0 9

5 2

% 0 9

% 0 8

% 0 1

% 0 2

% 0 7

% 0 6

% 0 4

% 0 5

0 3

% 0 3

C ° e r u t a r e p m e t b l u b y r D

0. 8 6

0 2

0 8

0. 8 4

C 0 2 r i a e r y r u t d 0 a 7 r m e a p r m g e o t l i n k o r i t e a p r s u t e l a u 0 S o 6 j o l i k ) h ( y p l a h t n E 0 5

0 2

5 1

°

1 . o a N P t k r 5 a 2 h e 3 r . C t u 1 0 c a i r 1 r e : t e p e r m m e u s o T s r e r h l a c P y m c s r i r P o t N E e A m o R r a H B S A

. c n I , s r , e g e n i n i t g a e n H E g f n o i n y t o e i t i i c d o S n o n C a r c i i r A e m d A n a 2 g 9 n i 9 1 t a © r e g i r f e R

0 .

• 5

–

–

. 0 2 –

0 0 .

0 0 1 . . 5 0 . 0 1 1 . 2 . 4 0 . 0 •

4 . – 2 0 . –

1 – 5 .

– 0 S T — H H 2 – 0. ∆ ∆ —

0 1 h — 

4 . 0

• 0 .

0 1

0 . 5

∆ ∆

0 1 0 4

5

0 3

0 . 4

0. 8 0

5

0

5 .

6 7 . 0 0 . . 0 . 8 0 0 1

0 1

2. 0

— = = t – o 0 2.5 a i — t t e — a a y h r e — 1 . p 0 h e — l y l a t l — i b a h i — d t t s i — o n 2 . n 0 0 . T m E — e — 3 u S — H — 3 .

l e v e L a e S

0 .8 2

5 1

0

0 2

0. 7 8 0

. o h a d I f o y t i s r e v i n U , s e i d u t S c i m a n y d o m r e h T d e i l p p A r o f r e t n e C y b d e r a p e r P

. n o i s s i m r e p h t i w d e s u ; A G , a t n a l t A , . c n I , s r e e n i g n E g n i n o i t i d n o C r i A d n a g n i t a r e g i r f e R , g n . i t e a r e u H s f s o e y r e p t i c l o a S t o t n a c r m i t a e m 1 A e t h a t f t o r n a o h s c i s i c i 1 r m r e 3 t p – e y A m b E o r d e R h t n U c i r p G y I s e F P R


B

Ma*  Ma A A*



1 Ma

a a a

k  1

TABLE A–32

2  (k  1)Ma2

ca b a 2

k  1

bd

k  1 1 Ma2 2

b b b

k  1 Ma2  1 2 P0

k  (k  1)

k  1  1 Ma2 r 0 2

1  (k  1)

k  1  1 Ma2 2 T 0

1

P

r

T

0.5(k  1)  (k  1)

One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow functions for an ideal gas with k  1.4 Ma

Ma*

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 5.0

0 0.1094 0.2182 0.3257 0.4313 0.5345 0.6348 0.7318 0.8251 0.9146 1.0000 1.1583 1.2999 1.4254 1.5360 1.6330 1.7179 1.7922 1.8571 1.9140 1.9640 2.2361 2.2495



A / A* 

5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.0944 1.0382 1.0089 1.0000 1.0304 1.1149 1.2502 1.4390 1.6875 2.0050 2.4031 2.8960 3.5001 4.2346 25.000 

P / P0

/ r0 r

T / T0

1.0000 0.9930 0.9725 0.9395 0.8956 0.8430 0.7840 0.7209 0.6560 0.5913 0.5283 0.4124 0.3142 0.2353 0.1740 0.1278 0.0935 0.0684 0.0501 0.0368 0.0272 0.0019 0

1.0000 0.9950 0.9803 0.9564 0.9243 0.8852 0.8405 0.7916 0.7400 0.6870 0.6339 0.5311 0.4374 0.3557 0.2868 0.2300 0.1841 0.1472 0.1179 0.0946 0.0760 0.0113 0

1.0000 0.9980 0.9921 0.9823 0.9690 0.9524 0.9328 0.9107 0.8865 0.8606 0.8333 0.7764 0.7184 0.6614 0.6068 0.5556 0.5081 0.4647 0.4252 0.3894 0.3571 0.1667 0

3.0 A / A*

2.5

s n o 2.0 i t c n u f w o l f 1.5 e l b i s s e r p m o 1.0 C

Ma*

/ T 0 T

0.5

r / r *

P / P0

0 0

0.5

1.0

1.5 Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

955 APPENDIX 1

T 01  T 02

Ma 2  P2 P1 r 2





B

1  k Ma 21 1  k Ma 22 P 2  P 1





2k Ma 21  k  1

Ma1

Ma2

P 2 / P1

r 2 / r1

T 2 / T1

P 02 / P01

P 02 / P1

k  1

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.0 5.0

1.0000 0.9118 0.8422 0.7860 0.7397 0.7011 0.6684 0.6405 0.6165 0.5956 0.5774 0.5613 0.5471 0.5344 0.5231 0.5130 0.5039 0.4956 0.4882 0.4814 0.4752 0.4350 0.4152 0.3780

1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8200 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9783 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.3333 18.5000 29.000 

1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6897 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6667 2.8119 2.9512 3.0845 3.2119 3.3333 3.4490 3.5590 3.6636 3.7629 3.8571 4.5714 5.0000 6.0000

1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7705 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790 4.0469 5.8000

1.0000 0.9989 0.9928 0.9794 0.9582 0.9298 0.8952 0.8557 0.8127 0.7674 0.7209 0.6742 0.6281 0.5833 0.5401 0.4990 0.4601 0.4236 0.3895 0.3577 0.3283 0.1388 0.0617 0

1.8929 2.1328 2.4075 2.7136 3.0492 3.4133 3.8050 4.2238 4.6695 5.1418 5.6404 6.1654 6.7165 7.2937 7.8969 8.5261 9.1813 9.8624 10.5694 11.3022 12.0610 21.0681 32.6335

(k  1)Ma21

T 2  T1

T 2

2  Ma 21(k  1)

P 02 P 01 P 02 P1







One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas with k  1.4

2 k Ma 21  k  1

r 1

T 1

TABLE A–33

(k  1)Ma21  2

2  ( k 

1)Ma 21



V 1 V 2

2  Ma 22(k  1) Ma 1 1  Ma 22(k  1)  2

c

Ma 2 1  Ma 21(k  1)  2

d

(k  1)/[2(k  1)]

(1  k Ma 21)[1  Ma 22(k  1)  2] k  (k 1) 1  k Ma 22







5.0 P02 / P1

P2 / P1

4.0

r 2 / r1

s n o i t c 3.0 n u f k c o h s l a 2.0 m r o N

T 2 / T 1

1.0 Ma2 P02 / P01

0 1.0

1.5

2.0 Ma1

2.5

3.0


T 0 (k  1)Ma2[2  (k  1)Ma2]  T * (1  k Ma2)2 0 P0 2  (k  1)Ma2 k  1  P* k  1 1  k Ma2 0

a

T T * P P* V V *







a

b

b

Ma(1  k ) 2

1  k Ma

2

1  k 1  k Ma2 r * r



(1  k )Ma2 1  k Ma2

TABLE A–34  (k  1) k

Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k  1.4 Ma

T 0 / T 0*

P 0 / P 0*

T / T *

P / P *

/ V * V

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

0.0000 0.0468 0.1736 0.3469 0.5290 0.6914 0.8189 0.9085 0.9639 0.9921 1.0000 0.9787 0.9343 0.8842 0.8363 0.7934 0.7561 0.7242 0.6970 0.6738 0.6540

1.2679 1.2591 1.2346 1.1985 1.1566 1.1141 1.0753 1.0431 1.0193 1.0049 1.0000 1.0194 1.0777 1.1756 1.3159 1.5031 1.7434 2.0451 2.4177 2.8731 3.4245

0.0000 0.0560 0.2066 0.4089 0.6151 0.7901 0.9167 0.9929 1.0255 1.0245 1.0000 0.9118 0.8054 0.7017 0.6089 0.5289 0.4611 0.4038 0.3556 0.3149 0.2803

2.4000 2.3669 2.2727 2.1314 1.9608 1.7778 1.5957 1.4235 1.2658 1.1246 1.0000 0.7958 0.6410 0.5236 0.4335 0.3636 0.3086 0.2648 0.2294 0.2004 0.1765

0.0000 0.0237 0.0909 0.1918 0.3137 0.4444 0.5745 0.6975 0.8101 0.9110 1.0000 1.1459 1.2564 1.3403 1.4046 1.4545 1.4938 1.5252 1.5505 1.5711 1.5882

3.5 P0 / P0*

3.0

2.5

s n o i t c n u 2.0 f w o l f h g 1.5 i e l y a R

/ V* V

1.0 T 0 / T 0*

0.5

/ T * T P / P*

0 0

0.5

1.0

1.5 Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

APPENDIX

2

PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)

Table A–1E Table A–2E

Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties

Table A–16E Properties of the atmosphere at high

Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases

Table Table Table Table

Table A–3E

Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods

Table A–4E Table A–5E Table A–6E Table A–7E Table A–8E Figure A–9E Figure A–10E Table A–11E

Saturated water—Temperature table Saturated water—Pressure table Superheated water Compressed liquid water Saturated ice–water vapor T-s diagram for water

Mollier diagram for water Saturated refrigerant-134a— Temperature table

Table A–12E Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table

Table A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a Figure A–14E P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a

altitude

A–17E A–18E A–19E A–20E

Ideal-gas properties of air Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2

Table A–21E Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO

Table A–22E Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 Table A–23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O

Table A–26E Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 77°C, 1 atm

Table A–27E Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons

Figure A–31E Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure

957


TABLE A–1E Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties

Substance

Formula

Molar mass, M lbm/lbmol

Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Bromine n -Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) Ethane Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Helium n -Hexane Hydrogen (normal) Krypton Methane Methyl alcohol Methyl chloride Neon Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Oxygen Propane Propylene Sulfur dioxide Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11) Water Xenon

— NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 CO2 CO CCl4 Cl2 CHCl3 CCl2F2 CHCl2F C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 He C6H14 H2 Kr CH4 CH3OH CH3Cl Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C3H6 SO2 CF3CH2F CCl3F H2O Xe

28.97 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 44.01 28.011 153.82 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.020 46.07 28.054 4.003 86.178 2.016 83.80 16.043 32.042 50.488 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 44.097 42.081 64.063 102.03 137.37 18.015 131.30

*Calculated from R  R u / M, where R u  1.98588 Btu/lbmol·R

Gas constant, R Btu/ lbm·R*

psia·ft3 / lbm·R*

0.06855 0.1166 0.04971 0.02542 0.01243 0.03417 0.04513 0.07090 0.01291 0.02801 0.01664 0.01643 0.01930 0.06616 0.04311 0.07079 0.4961 0.02305 0.9851 0.02370 0.1238 0.06198 0.03934 0.09840 0.07090 0.04512 0.06206 0.04504 0.04719 0.03100 0.01946 0.01446 0.1102 0.01513

0.3704 0.6301 0.2686 0.1374 0.06714 0.1846 0.2438 0.3831 0.06976 0.1517 0.08988 0.08874 0.1043 0.3574 0.2329 0.3825 2.6809 0.1245 5.3224 0.1280 0.6688 0.3349 0.2125 0.5316 0.3830 0.2438 0.3353 0.2433 0.2550 1.1675 0.1052 0.07811 0.5956 0.08172

 10.7316

Critical-point properties Temperature, R

Pressure, psia

238.5 729.8 272 1012 1052 765.2 547.5 240 1001.5 751 965.8 692.4 813.0 549.8 929.0 508.3 9.5 914.2 59.9 376.9 343.9 923.7 749.3 80.1 227.1 557.4 278.6 665.9 656.9 775.2 673.6 848.1 1164.8 521.55

547 1636 705 714 1500 551 1071 507 661 1120 794 582 749 708 926 742 33.2 439 188.1 798 673 1154 968 395 492 1054 736 617 670 1143 588.7 635 3200 852

Volume, ft3 /lbmol 1.41 1.16 1.20 4.17 2.17 4.08 1.51 1.49 4.42 1.99 3.85 3.49 3.16 2.37 2.68 1.99 0.926 5.89 1.04 1.48 1.59 1.89 2.29 0.668 1.44 1.54 1.25 3.20 2.90 1.95 3.19 3.97 0.90 1.90

psia·ft 3 /lbmol·R and M is the molar mass.

Source: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236, and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.

959 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (a ) At 80°F Gas

Formula

Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam

— Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O

Gas constant, R Btu/lbm·R 0.06855 0.04971 0.03424 0.04513 0.07090 0.06616 0.07079 0.4961 0.9851 0.1238 0.09840 0.07090 0.01742 0.06206 0.04504 0.1102

c p Btu/lbm·R

c Btu/lbm·R

0.240 0.1253 0.415 0.203 0.249 0.427 0.411 1.25 3.43 0.532 0.246 0.248 0.409 0.219 0.407 0.445

0.171 0.0756 0.381 0.158 0.178 0.361 0.340 0.753 2.44 0.403 0.1477 0.177 0.392 0.157 0.362 0.335

v

Source: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics , English/SI Version, 3rd ed. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 687, Table A–8E.

k 1.400 1.667 1.09 1.285 1.399 1.183 1.208 1.667 1.404 1.32 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.124 1.329


TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued ) (b ) At various temperatures Temp., °F

c p Btu/lbm·R

c Btu/lbm·R v

k

c p Btu/lbm·R

Air 40 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000

0.240 0.240 0.241 0.243 0.245 0.248 0.250 0.254 0.257 0.259 0.263 0.276 0.286

0.171 0.172 0.173 0.174 0.176 0.179 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.208 0.217

3.397 3.426 3.451 3.461 3.466 3.469 3.473 3.477 3.494 3.502 3.513 3.618 3.758

2.412 2.441 2.466 2.476 2.480 2.484 2.488 2.492 2.509 2.519 2.528 2.633 2.773

v

k

Carbon dioxide, C02 1.401 1.400 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.383 1.377 1.371 1.365 1.358 1.353 1.330 1.312

0.195 0.205 0.217 0.229 0.239 0.247 0.255 0.262 0.269 0.275 0.280 0.298 0.312

Hydrogen, H 2 40 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000

c Btu/lbm·R

0.150 0.160 0.172 0.184 0.193 0.202 0.210 0.217 0.224 0.230 0.235 0.253 0.267

1.300 1.283 1.262 1.246 1.233 1.223 1.215 1.208 1.202 1.197 1.192 1.178 1.169

c p Btu/lbm·R

0.248 0.248 0.249 0.250 0.251 0.254 0.256 0.260 0.262 0.265 0.269 0.283 0.293

0.177 0.178 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.183 0.185 0.189 0.191 0.194 0.198 0.212 0.222

v

k

Carbon monoxide, CO 0.248 0.249 0.249 0.251 0.253 0.256 0.259 0.262 0.266 0.269 0.273 0.287 0.297

Nitrogen, N 2 1.409 1.404 1.399 1.398 1.397 1.397 1.396 1.395 1.393 1.392 1.390 1.374 1.355

c Btu/lbm·R

0.177 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.182 0.185 0.188 0.191 0.195 0.198 0.202 0.216 0.226

1.400 1.399 1.397 1.394 1.389 1.384 1.377 1.371 1.364 1.357 1.351 1.328 1.314

Oxygen, O 2 1.400 1.399 1.398 1.396 1.393 1.388 1.383 1.377 1.371 1.364 1.359 1.334 1.319

0.219 0.220 0.223 0.226 0.230 0.235 0.239 0.242 0.246 0.249 0.252 0.263 0.270

0.156 0.158 0.161 0.164 0.168 0.173 0.177 0.181 0.184 0.187 0.190 0.201 0.208

1.397 1.394 1.387 1.378 1.368 1.360 1.352 1.344 1.337 1.331 1.326 1.309 1.298

Note: The unit Btu/lbm·R is equivalent to Btu/lbm·°F. Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 830, Table A–4. Originally published in Tables of Properties of Gases , NBS Circular 564, 1955.

961 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–2E Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded ) (c ) As a function of temperature   a  bT  cT 2  dT 3 c p (T in R, c p in Btu/lbmol·R) Temperature Substance

Formula

Nitrogen

N2

a

6.903

b 0.02085



c 

102 2

Oxygen

O2

6.085

0.2017



10

Air

—

6.713

0.02609



102

0.02542



10

2

0.02222



102

Hydrogen

H2

Carbon monoxide

CO

Carbon dioxi de

6.952 6.726

CO2



5.316

Water vapor

H 2O

7.700

Nitric oxide

NO

7.008

0.79361



2

N2O

5.758

0.7780



10

Nitrogen dioxide

NO2

5.48

0.7583



102 2

Ammonia

NH3

6.5846

0.34028



10

Sulfur

S2

6.499

0.2943



102

SO2

Sulfur tri oxide

SO3

Acetylene

C2H2

Benzene

C6H6

Methanol

CH4O

6.157

1.935



10



102

6.4322



10

4.55

1.214



102

4.75 7.244

C2H6 C3H8

n -Butane

C4H10

i -Butane

C4H10

n -Pentane

C 5H12

2

8.650



C2H6O

Propane

2

1.2227

HCl

Ethane

10

3.918

Hydrogen chloride

CH4



2

5.21

Ethanol Methane

0.7689

4.750

2

2.781



10

0.1011



102



10

2 2



0.6666

1.648

2.291



10

0.966

4.044



102



2

0.945

4.929



10

1.890

5.520



102



1.618

6.028



105

0.2581





10

2.075



102



2

10



10

5



105



5



10

0.260



105



0.073034  10 0.1200



0.2810



 

5

105 10

5 5

0.8256



10

0.4812



105

 

5

2.327



10

0.0898



105

 

5

0.7651



10

0.09783



105



10

5 5



0.09352 0.4722



10

1.159



105

 



0.34

491-3240

1.19

0.28

0.08052  109

491-3240

0.72

0.33

9

491-3240

1.02

0.26

0.09100  109

491-3240

0.89

0.37

10

9

491-3240

0.67

0.22

9

0.05372  10 

0.03565  10

 

0.3059



0.1472



10

491-3240

0.53

0.24

0.1715



109

491-2700

0.97

0.36

9

 

0.4331



10

491-2700

0.59

0.26

0.322



109

491-2700

0.46

0.18

9

491-2700

0.91

0.36

109

491-3240

0.99

0.38

10

9

491-3240

0.45

0.24

9

0.27402  10



0.1632 0.3527

 

1.328



10

491-2340

0.29

0.13

0.7457



109

491-2700

1.46

0.59

9

3.179



10

491-2700

0.34

0.20

0.329



109

491-1800

0.18

0.08

9



0.821



10

491-2700

0.40

0.22

0.1776



109

491-2740

0.22

0.08



10

9

491-2740

1.33

0.57

9



0.4510



0.2984



10

491-2740

0.83

0.28

1.300



109

491-2740

0.40

0.12

9

491-2740

0.54

0.24

109

491-2740

0.25

0.13

10

9

491-2740

0.56

0.21

9

10

5 5



10



105



5

10

0.59

10

0.6151 0.8981

491-3240

9





2.112



109

0.1176





105

1.656

Avg.

2.044

10





Max.

1.433



1.696



range, R

5

1.352





7.328

0.944

10

5

0.2596





1.657

C2H4

3.162

10



2

C6H14

0.753



0.03960

10

Ethylene

C3H6

0.02952

5

2

n -Hexane Propylene

105

0.07185

102

Nitrous oxide

Sulfur dioxide

10



0.07781

10



5



2



105

0.03540

10

0.02552



0.05275



2

0.01247



0.05957

d

% error

1.732



2.363



10

491-2740

0.72

0.20

0.7326



109

491-2740

0.54

0.13



9

491-2740

0.73

0.17

1.008

10

Source: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G., © 2000. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.


TABLE A–3E Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (a ) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm

Substance

Normal boiling point, °F

Ammonia

27.9

Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n -Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen Isobutane Kerosene Mercury Methane

302.6

176.4

219.0 31.1 109.2* 172.8 173.5 388.6 355.8 452.1 423.0 10.9 399–559 674.1 258.7

24.54

69.5 169.4

— 165.6 99.6 (at 32°F) 360.5 368 344.0 419 9.80 191.7 157.8 108 126.7 219.6

Methanol Nitrogen

320.4

473 85.4

Octane Oil (light) Oxygen Petroleum Propane

256.6 — 297.3 — 43.7

131.7 — 91.5 99–165 184.0

Refrigerant-134a

Water

148.1

Latent heat of vaporization, h fg Btu/lbm

15.0

212

93.3

970.1

Freezing data Freezing point, °F 107.9

308.7

41.9

0.7 217.3 69.8 173.6 248.8

12.6 66.0 — 434.5 255.5 12.8 38.0 296.0 143.9

Latent heat of fusion, h if Btu/lbm

Density, 3 r lbm/ft

Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm·R

27.9

12.0 54.2

0 40 80 302.6 68

42.6 41.3 39.5 37.5 87.0 54.9

1.06 1.083 1.103 1.135 0.272 0.411

68 31.1 32 77 68 68 68 452.1 423.0 10.9 68 77 258.7 160 77 320.4 260 68 77 297.3 68 43.7 32 100 40 15 32 90 32 90 150 212

71.8 37.5 57.8 48.9 49.3 69.2 78.7 9.13 4.41 37.1 51.2 847 26.4 20.0 49.1 50.5 38.2 43.9 56.8 71.2 40.0 36.3 33.0 29.4 88.5 86.0 80.9 73.6 62.4 62.1 61.2 59.8

0.743 0.552 0.583 0.588 0.678 0.678 0.554 5.45 2.39 0.545 0.478 0.033 0.834 1.074 0.609 0.492 0.643 0.502 0.430 0.408 0.478 0.538 0.604 0.673 0.283 0.294 0.318 0.348 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.01

— 34.5 — 46.9 46.4 77.9 86.3 — 25.6 45.5 — 4.90 25.1 42.7 10.9

71.5

77.9

361.8

5.9

305.8

34.4

32

Temperature, °F

138.6

346.0

141.9

Liquid properties

—

143.5

*Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 75.1 psia, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of 69.8°F.)

963 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–3E Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded ) (b ) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise) Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm·R

Density, 3 r lbm/ft

Substance

Substance

Metals

Specific heat, c p Btu/lbm·R

Density, 3 r lbm/ft

Nonmetals

Aluminum 100°F 32°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Brass, yellow (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Copper 60°F 0°F 100°F 200°F 390°F Iron Lead Magnesium Nickel Silver Steel, mild Tungsten

517

0.192 0.212 0.218 0.224 0.229 0.235 0.240 0.0955

519

0.0955

170

Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (500°C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex Graphite Granite Gypsum or plaster board Ice 50°F 0°F 20°F 32°F Limestone Marble Plywood (Douglas fir) Rubber (soft) Rubber (hard) Sand Stone Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.)

0.0862 0.0893 0.0925 0.0938 0.0963 0.107 0.030 0.239 0.105 0.056 0.119 0.031

555

490 705 108 555 655 489 1211

132 120 144 144 62.4 151 169 139 156 169 50

0.220 0.189 0.229 0.156 0.220 0.147 0.191 0.200 0.170 0.243 0.260 0.424 0.471 0.491 0.502 0.217 0.210

57.5 103 162 34.0 68.7 71.8 94.9 93.6 45.0 32.0

(c ) Foods Specific heat,

Food Apples

Btu/lbm·R

Latent

Specific heat,

Water

Btu/lbm·R

Latent

Water

Freezing

heat of

content,

Freezing

content,

point,

Above

Below

fusion,

%

point,

Above

Below

fusion,

% (mass)

°F

freezing

freezing

Btu/lbm

(mass)

°F

freezing

freezing

Btu/lbm

0.873

0.453

121

0.961

0.487

136

Food Lettuce

95

32

heat of

84

30

Bananas

75

31

0.801

0.426

108

Milk, whole

88

31

0.905

0.465

126

Beef round

67

—

0.737

0.402

96

Oranges

87

31

0.897

0.462

125

Broccoli

90

31

0.921

0.471

129

Potatoes

78

31

0.825

0.435

112

Butter

16

—

—

0.249

23

Salmon fish

64

28

0.713

0.393

92

Cheese, Swiss

39

14

0.513

0.318

56

Shrimp

83

28

0.865

0.450

119

Cherries

80

29

0.841

0.441

115

Spinach

93

31

0.945

0.481

134

Chicken

74

27

0.793

0.423

106

Strawberries

90

31

0.921

0.471

129

Corn, sweet

74

31

0.793

0.423

106

Tomatoes, ripe

94

31

0.953

0.484

135

Eggs, whole

74

31

0.793

0.423

106

Ice cream

63

22

0.705

0.390

90

Turkey

64

—

0.713

0.393

92

Watermelon

93

31

0.945

0.481

134

Source: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing-point data of foods are from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals , I-P version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Chap. 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other foods.


TABLE A–4E Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume,

Internal energy,

Enthalpy,

Entropy,

ft3 /lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm·R

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Temp.,

press.,

T °F

P sat psia

liquid,

vapor,

liquid,

v f

v g

u f

Sat.

Sat.

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

u fg

u g

h f

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

h fg

h g

s f

s fg

s g

32.018 35 40 45 50

0.08871 0.09998 0.12173 0.14756 0.17812

0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602

3299.9 2945.7 2443.6 2035.8 1703.1

0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07

1021.0 1 019.0 1 015.6 1012.2 1008.9

1021.0 1022.0 1023.7 1025.3 1026.9

0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07

1075.2 1073.5 1070.7 1067.8 1065.0

1075.2 1 076.5 1 078.7 1 080.9 1 083.1

0.00000 0.00609 0.01620 0.02620 0.03609

2.18672 2 .17011 2 .14271 2 .11587 2 .08956

2.1867 2.1762 2.1589 2.1421 2.1256

55 60 65 70 75

0.21413 0.25638 0.30578 0.36334 0.43016

0.01603 0.01604 0.01604 0.01605 0.01606

1430.4 1206.1 1020.8 867.18 739.27

23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07

1005.5 1002.1 998.76 995.39 992.02

1028.6 1030.2 1031.8 1033.5 1035.1

23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07

1062.2 1059.4 1056.5 1053.7 1050.9

1 085.3 1 087.4 1 089.6 1 091.8 1 093.9

0.04586 0.05554 0.06511 0.07459 0.08398

2 .06377 2 .03847 2 .01366 1 .98931 1 .96541

2.1096 2.0940 2.0788 2.0639 2.0494

80 85 90 95 100

0.50745 0.59659 0.69904 0.81643 0.95052

0.01607 0.01609 0.01610 0.01612 0.01613

632.41 542.80 467.40 403.74 349.83

48.06 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03

988.65 985.28 981.90 978.52 975.14

1036.7 1038.3 1040.0 1041.6 1043.2

48.07 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03

1048.0 1045.2 1042.4 1039.5 1036.7

1 096.1 1 098.3 1 100.4 1 102.6 1 104.7

0.09328 0.10248 0.11161 0.12065 0.12961

1 .94196 1 .91892 1 .89630 1 .87408 1.85225

2.0352 2.0214 2.0079 1.9947 1.9819

110 120 130 140 150

1.2767 1.6951 2.2260 2.8931 3.7234

0.01617 0.01620 0.01625 0.01629 0.01634

264.96 202.94 157.09 122.81 96.929

78.01 88.00 97.99 107.98 117.98

968.36 961.56 954.73 947.87 940.98

1046.4 1049.6 1052.7 1 055.9 1 059.0

78.02 88.00 97.99 107.99 117.99

1031.0 1025.2 1019.4 1013.6 1007.8

1 109.0 1 113.2 1 117.4 1121.6 1125.7

0.14728 0.16466 0.18174 0.19855 0.21508

1.80970 1.76856 1.72877 1.69024 1.65291

1.9570 1.9332 1.9105 1.8888 1.8680

160 170 180 190 200

4.7474 5.9999 7.5197 9.3497 11.538

0.01639 0.01645 0.01651 0.01657 0.01663

77.185 61.982 50.172 40.920 33.613

127.98 138.00 148.02 158.05 168.10

934.05 927.08 920.06 912.99 905.87

1 062.0 1 065.1 1 068.1 1 071.0 1 074.0

128.00 138.02 148.04 158.08 168.13

1001.8 995.88 989.85 983.76 977.60

1129.8 1133.9 1137.9 1141.8 1145.7

0.23136 0.24739 0.26318 0.27874 0.29409

1.61670 1.58155 1.54741 1.51421 1.48191

1.8481 1.8289 1.8106 1.7930 1.7760

210 212 220 230 240

14.136 14.709 17.201 20.795 24.985

0.01670 0.01671 0.01677 0.01684 0.01692

27.798 26.782 23.136 19.374 16.316

178.15 180.16 188.22 198.31 208.41

898.68 897.24 891.43 884.10 876.70

1 076.8 1 077.4 1 079.6 1 082.4 1 085.1

178.20 180.21 188.28 198.37 208.49

971.35 970.09 965.02 958.59 952.06

1149.5 1150.3 1153.3 1157.0 1160.5

0.30922 0.31222 0.32414 0.33887 0.35342

1.45046 1.44427 1.41980 1.38989 1.36069

1.7597 1.7565 1.7439 1.7288 1.7141

250 260 270 280 290

29.844 35.447 41.877 49.222 57.573

0.01700 0.01708 0.01717 0.01726 0.01735

13.816 11.760 10.059 8.6439 7.4607

218.54 228.68 238.85 249.04 259.26

869.21 861.62 853.94 846.16 838.27

1 087.7 1 090.3 1 092.8 1 095.2 1 097.5

218.63 228.79 238.98 249.20 259.45

945.41 938.65 931.76 924.74 917.57

1164.0 1167.4 1170.7 1173.9 1177.0

0.36779 0.38198 0.39601 0.40989 0.42361

1.33216 1.30425 1.27694 1.25018 1.22393

1.6999 1.6862 1.6730 1.6601 1.6475

300 310 320 330 340

67.028 77.691 89.667 103.07 118.02

0.01745 0.01755 0.01765 0.01776 0.01787

6.4663 5.6266 4.9144 4.3076 3.7885

269.51 279.79 290.11 300.46 310.85

830.25 822.11 813.84 805.43 796.87

1 099.8 1 101.9 1 104.0 1 105.9 1 107.7

269.73 280.05 290.40 300.80 311.24

910.24 902.75 895.09 887.25 879.22

1180.0 1182.8 1185.5 1188.1 1190.5

0.43720 0.45065 0.46396 0.47716 0.49024

1.19818 1.17289 1.14802 1.12355 1.09945

1.6354 1.6235 1.6120 1.6007 1.5897

350 360 370 380 390

134.63 153.03 173.36 195.74 220.33

0.01799 0.01811 0.01823 0.01836 0.01850

3.3425 2.9580 2.6252 2.3361 2.0842

321.29 331.76 342.29 352.87 363.50

788.16 779.28 770.23 761.00 751.58

1 109.4 1 111.0 1 112.5 1 113.9 1 115.1

321.73 332.28 342.88 353.53 364.25

870.98 862.53 853.86 844.96 835.81

1192.7 1194.8 1196.7 1198.5 1200.1

0.50321 0.51607 0.52884 0.54152 0.55411

1.07570 1.05227 1.02914 1.00628 0.98366

1.5789 1.5683 1.5580 1.5478 1.5378

965 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–4E Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume,

Internal energy,

Enthalpy,

Entropy,

ft3 /lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm·R

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Temp.,

press.,

T °F

P sat psia

liquid,

vapor,

liquid,

v f

v g

u f

Sat.

Sat.

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

u fg

u g

h f

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

h fg

h g

s f

s fg

s g 1.5279 1.5182 1.5085 1.4990 1.4895

400 410 420 430 440

247.26 276.69 308.76 343.64 381.49

0.01864 0.01878 0.01894 0.01910 0.01926

1.8639 1.6706 1.5006 1.3505 1.2178

374.19 384.94 395.76 406.65 417.61

741.97 732.14 722.08 711.80 701.26

1116.2 1117.1 1117.8 1118.4 1118.9

375.04 385.90 396.84 407.86 418.97

826.39 816.71 806.74 796.46 785.87

1201.4 1202.6 1203.6 1204.3 1204.8

0.56663 0.57907 0.59145 0.60377 0.61603

0.96127 0.93908 0.91707 0.89522 0.87349

450 460 470 480 490

422.47 466.75 514.52 565.96 621.24

0.01944 0.01962 0.01981 0.02001 0.02022

1.0999 0.99510 0.90158 0.81794 0.74296

428.66 439.79 451.01 462.34 473.77

690.47 679.39 668.02 656.34 644.32

1119.1 1119.2 1119.0 1118.7 1118.1

430.18 441.48 452.90 464.43 476.09

774.94 763.65 751.98 739.91 727.40

1205.1 1205.1 1204.9 1204.3 1203.5

0.62826 0.64044 0.65260 0.66474 0.67686

0.85187 1.4801 0.83033 1.4708 0.80885 1.4615 0.78739 1.4521 0.76594 1.4428

500 510 520 530 540

680.56 744.11 812.11 884.74 962.24

0.02044 0.02067 0.02092 0.02118 0.02146

0.67558 0.61489 0.56009 0.51051 0.46553

485.32 496.99 508.80 520.76 532.88

631.94 619.17 605.99 592.35 578.23

1117.3 1116.2 1114.8 1113.1 1111.1

487.89 499.84 511.94 524.23 536.70

714.44 700.99 687.01 672.47 657.31

1202.3 1200.8 1199.0 1196.7 1194.0

0.68899 0.70112 0.71327 0.72546 0.73770

0.74445 0.72290 0.70126 0.67947 0.65751

1.4334 1.4240 1.4145 1.4049 1.3952

550 560 570 580 590

1044.8 1132.7 1226.2 1325.5 1430.8

0.02176 0.02207 0.02242 0.02279 0.02319

0.42465 0.38740 0.35339 0.32225 0.29367

545.18 557.68 570.40 583.37 596.61

563.58 548.33 532.45 515.84 498.43

1108.8 1106.0 1102.8 1099.2 1095.0

549.39 562.31 575.49 588.95 602.75

641.47 624.91 607.55 589.29 570.04

1190.9 1187.2 1183.0 1178.2 1172.8

0.75000 0.76238 0.77486 0.78748 0.80026

0.63532 0.61284 0.59003 0.56679 0.54306

1.3853 1.3752 1.3649 1.3543 1.3433

600 610 620 630 640

1542.5 1660.9 1786.2 1918.9 2059.3

0.02362 0.02411 0.02464 0.02524 0.02593

0.26737 0.24309 0.22061 0.19972 0.18019

610.18 624.11 638.47 653.35 668.86

480.10 460.73 440.14 418.12 394.36

1090.3 1084.8 1078.6 1071.5 1063.2

616.92 631.52 646.62 662.32 678.74

549.67 528.03 504.92 480.07 453.14

1166.6 1159.5 1151.5 1142.4 1131.9

0.81323 0.82645 0.83998 0.85389 0.86828

0.51871 0.49363 0.46765 0.44056 0.41206

1.3319 1.3201 1.3076 1.2944 1.2803

650 660 670 680 690

2207.8 2364.9 2531.2 2707.3 2894.1

0.02673 0.02767 0.02884 0.03035 0.03255

0.16184 0.14444 0.12774 0.11134 0.09451

685.16 702.48 721.23 742.11 766.81

368.44 339.74 307.22 269.00 220.77

1053.6 1042.2 1028.5 1011.1 987.6

696.08 714.59 734.74 757.32 784.24

423.65 390.84 353.54 309.57 253.96

1119.7 1105.4 1088.3 1066.9 1038.2

0.88332 0.89922 0.91636 0.93541 0.95797

0.38177 1.2651 0.34906 1.2483 0.31296 1.2293 0.27163 1.2070 0.22089 1.1789

700 705.10

3093.0 3200.1

0.03670 0.04975

0.07482 801.75 0.04975 866.61

146.50 0

948.3 866.6

822.76 896.07

168.32 0

991.1 896.1

0.99023 1.05257

0.14514 1.1354 0 1.0526

Source: Tables A–4E through A–8E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also available in EES as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifications to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K,” ASHRAE Trans ., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.


TABLE A–5E Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume,

Internal energy,

Enthalpy,

Entropy,

ft3 /lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm·R

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Press.,

temp.,

P psia

T sat °F

liquid,

vapor,

liquid,

v f

v g

u f

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

u fg

u g

h f

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

h fg

h g

s f

s fg

s g

101.69 126.02 141.41 152.91 162.18

0.01614 0.01623 0.01630 0.01636 0.01641

3 33.49 1 73.71 118.70 90.629 73.525

69.72 94.02 109.39 120.89 130.17

973.99 957.45 946.90 938.97 932.53

1043.7 1051.5 1056.3 1059.9 1062.7

69.72 1035.7 94.02 1021.7 109.40 1012.8 120.90 1006.0 130.18 1000.5

1105.4 1115.8 1122.2 1126.9 1130.7

0.13262 0.17499 0.20090 0.21985 0.23488

1.84495 1.74444 1.68489 1.64225 1.60894

1.9776 1.9194 1.8858 1.8621 1.8438

6 8 10 14.696 15

170.00 182.81 193.16 211.95 212.99

0.01645 0.01652 0.01659 0.01671 0.01672

61.982 47.347 38.425 26.805 26.297

138.00 150.83 161.22 180.12 181.16

927.08 918.08 910.75 897.27 896.52

1065.1 1068.9 1072.0 1077.4 1077.7

138.02 150.86 161.25 180.16 181.21

995.88 988.15 981.82 970.12 969.47

1133.9 1139.0 1 143.1 1150.3 1 150.7

0.24739 0.26757 0.28362 0.31215 0.31370

1.58155 1.53800 1.50391 1.44441 1.44441

1.8289 1.8056 1.7875 1.7566 1.7549

20 25 30 35 40

227.92 240.03 250.30 259.25 267.22

0.01683 0.01692 0.01700 0.01708 0.01715

20.093 16.307 13.749 11.901 10.501

196.21 208.45 218.84 227.92 236.02

885.63 876.67 868.98 862.19 856.09

1081.8 1085.1 1087.8 1090.1 1092.1

196.27 208.52 218.93 228.03 236.14

959.93 952.03 945.21 939.16 933.69

1 156.2 1 160.6 1 164.1 1 167.2 1 169.8

0.33582 0.35347 0.36821 0.38093 0.39213

1.39606 1.36060 1.33132 1.30632 1.28448

1.7319 1.7141 1.6995 1.6872 1.6766

45 50 55 60 65

274.41 280.99 287.05 292.69 297.95

0.01721 0.01727 0.01732 0.01738 0.01743

9.4028 8.5175 7.7882 7.1766 6.6560

243.34 250.05 256.25 262.01 267.41

850.52 845.39 840.61 836.13 831.90

1093.9 1095.4 1096.9 1098.1 1099.3

243.49 250.21 256.42 262.20 267.62

928.68 924.03 919.70 915.61 911.75

1 172.2 1 174.2 1 176.1 1 177.8 1 179.4

0.40216 0.41125 0.41958 0.42728 0.43443

1.26506 1.24756 1.23162 1.21697 1.20341

1.6672 1.6588 1.6512 1.6442 1.6378

70 75 80 85 90

302.91 307.59 312.02 316.24 320.26

0.01748 0.01752 0.01757 0.01761 0.01765

6.2075 5.8167 5.4733 5.1689 4.8972

272.50 277.31 281.87 286.22 290.38

827.90 824.09 820.45 816.97 813.62

1100.4 1101.4 1102.3 1103.2 1104.0

272.72 277.55 282.13 286.50 290.67

908.08 904.58 901.22 898.00 894.89

1 180.8 1 182.1 1 183.4 1 184.5 1 185.6

0.44112 0.44741 0.45335 0.45897 0.46431

1.19078 1.17895 1.16783 1.15732 1.14737

1.6319 1.6264 1.6212 1.6163 1.6117

95 100 110 120 130

324.11 327.81 334.77 341.25 347.32

0.01770 0.01774 0.01781 0.01789 0.01796

4.6532 4.4327 4.0410 3.7289 3.4557

294.36 298.19 305.41 312.16 318.48

810.40 807.29 801.37 795.79 790.51

1104.8 1105.5 1106.8 1107.9 1109.0

294.67 298.51 305.78 312.55 318.92

891.89 888.99 883.44 878.20 873.21

1 186.6 1 187.5 1 189.2 1 190.8 1 192.1

0.46941 0.47427 0.48341 0.49187 0.49974

1.13791 1.12888 1.11201 1.09646 1.08204

1.6073 1.6032 1.5954 1.5883 1.5818

140 150 160 170 180

353.03 358.42 363.54 368.41 373.07

0.01802 0.01809 0.01815 0.01821 0.01827

3.2202 3.0150 2.8347 2.6749 2.5322

324.45 330.11 335.49 340.62 345.53

785.49 780.69 776.10 771.68 767.42

1109.9 1110.8 1111.6 1112.3 1113.0

324.92 330.61 336.02 341.19 346.14

868.45 863.88 859.49 855.25 851.16

1 193.4 1 194.5 1 195.5 1 196.4 1 197.3

0.50711 0.51405 0.52061 0.52682 0.53274

1.06858 1.05595 1.04405 1.03279 1.02210

1.5757 1.5700 1.5647 1.5596 1.5548

190 200 250 300 350

377.52 381.80 400.97 417.35 431.74

0.01833 0.01839 0.01865 0.01890 0.01912

2.4040 2.2882 1.8440 1.5435 1.3263

350.24 354.78 375.23 392.89 408.55

763.31 759.32 741.02 724.77 709.98

1113.6 1114.1 1116.3 1117.7 1118.5

350.89 355.46 376.09 393.94 409.79

847.19 843.33 825.47 809.41 794.65

1 198.1 1 198.8 1 201.6 1 203.3 1 204.4

0.53839 0.54379 0.56784 0.58818 0.60590

1.01191 1.00219 0.95912 0.92289 0.89143

1.5503 1.5460 1.5270 1.5111 1.4973

400 450 500 550 600

444.62 456.31 467.04 476.97 486.24

0.01934 0.01955 0.01975 0.01995 0.02014

1.1617 1.0324 0.92819 0.84228 0.77020

422.70 435.67 447.68 458.90 469.46

696.31 683.52 671.42 659.91 648.88

1119.0 1119.2 1119.1 1118.8 1118.3

424.13 437.30 449.51 460.93 471.70

780.87 767.86 755.48 743.60 732.15

1 205.0 1 205.2 1205.0 1204.5 1203.9

0.62168 0.63595 0.64900 0.66107 0.67231

0.86350 0.83828 0.81521 0.79388 0.77400

1.4852 1.4742 1.4642 1.4550 1.4463

1 2 3 4 5

Sat.

967 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–5E Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded ) Specific volume,

Internal energy,

Enthalpy,

Entropy,

ft3 /lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm·R

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Press.,

temp.,

P psia

T sat °F

liquid,

vapor,

liquid,

v f

v g

u f

Sat.

Sat.

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

u fg

u g

h f

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

h fg

h g

s f

s fg

s g

700

503.13

0.02051

0.65589

488.96

627.98

1116.9

491.62

710.29

1201.9

0.69279

0.73771 1.4305

800

518.27

0.02087

0.56920

506.74

608.30

1115.0

509.83

689.48

1199.3

0.71117

0.70502 1.4162

900

532.02

0.02124

0.50107

523.19

589.54

1112.7

526.73

669.46

1196.2

0.72793

0.67505 1.4030

1000

544.65

0.02159

0.44604

538.58

571.49

1110.1

542.57

650.03

1192.6

0.74341

0.64722 1.3906

1200

567.26

0.02232

0.36241

566.89

536.87

1103.8

571.85

612.39

1184.2

0.77143

0.59632 1.3677

1400

587.14

0.02307

0.30161

592.79

503.50

1096.3

598.76

575.66

1174.4

0.79658

0.54991 1.3465

1600

604.93

0.02386

0.25516

616.99

470.69

1087.7

624.06

539.18

1163.2

0.81972

0.50645 1.3262

1800

621.07

0.02470

0.21831

640.03

437.86

1077.9

648.26

502.35

1150.6

0.84144

0.46482 1.3063

2000

635.85

0.02563

0.18815

662.33

404.46

1066.8

671.82

464.60

1136.4

0.86224

0.42409 1.2863

2500

668.17

0.02860

0.13076

717.67

313.53

1031.2

730.90

360.79

1091.7

0.91311

0.31988 1.2330

3000

695.41

0.03433

0.08460

783.39

186.41

969.8

802.45

214.32

1016.8

0.97321

0.18554

1.1587

3200.1

705.10

0.04975

0.04975

866.61

0

866.6

896.07

0

896.1

1.05257

0

1.0526


TABLE A–6E Superheated water T °F

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P



Sat.† 333.49 200 392.53 240 416.44 280 440.33 320 464.20 360 488.07 400 511.92 440 535.77 500 571.54 600 631.14 700 690.73 800 750.31 1000 869.47 1200 988.62 1400 1107.8

Sat. 240 280 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

P Sat. 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000



26.297 27.429 29.085 30.722 32.348 33.965 35.576 37.986 41.988 45.981 49.967 57.930 65.885 73.836 81.784



1105.4 1150.1 1168.3 1186.5 1204.8 1223.3 1241.8 1260.4 1288.6 1336.2 1384.6 1433.9 1535.1 1640.0 1748.7

1.9776 2.0509 2.0777 2.1030 2.1271 2.1502 2.1722 2.1934 2.2237 2.2709 2.3146 2.3553 2.4299 2.4972 2.5590

15 psia (212.99°F)

1077.7 1087.8 1102.4 1116.9 1131.3 1145.7 1160.1 1181.9 1218.7 1256.3 1294.6 1374.0 1456.9 1543.6 1634.0

7.1766 7.4863 7.9259 8.3548 8.7766 9.4005 10.4256 11.4401 12.4484 14.4543 16.4525 18.4464 20.438 22.428 24.417

s Btu/ lbm·R

1.0 psia (101.69°F)* 1043.7 1077.5 1091.2 1105.0 1118.9 1132.9 1147.1 1161.3 1182.8 1219.4 1256.8 1295.1 1374.2 1457.1 1543.7

P

h Btu/lbm

1150.7 1163.9 1183.2 1202.2 1221.1 1239.9 1258.8 1287.3 1335.3 1383.9 1433.3 1534.8 1639.8 1748.5 1861.0

1177.8 1192.7 1213.5 1233.7 1253.6 1283.1 1332.2 1381.6 1431.5 1533.5 1638.9 1747.8 1860.5 1976.6 2096.3

ft3 /lbm P



73.525 78.153 83.009 87.838 92.650 97.452 102.25 107.03 114.21 126.15 138.09 150.02 173.86 197.70 221.54 P

1.7549 1.7742 1.8010 1.8260 1.8496 1.8721 1.8936 1.9243 1.9718 2.0156 2.0565 2.1312 2.1986 2.2604 2.3178

60 psia (292.69°F)

1098.1 1109.6 1125.5 1140.9 1156.1 1178.8 1216.5 1254.5 1293.3 1373.0 1456.2 1543.0 1633.5 1727.6 1825.2

u Btu/lbm

v

P 1.6442 1.6636 1.6897 1.7138 1.7364 1.7682 1.8168 1.8613 1.9026 1.9777 2.0454 2.1073 2.1648 2.2187 2.2694

5.0 psia (162.18°F) 1062.7 1076.2 1090.3 1104.3 1118.4 1132.5 1146.7 1160.9 1182.6 1219.2 1256.7 1294.9 1374.2 1457.0 1543.7



20.093 20.478 21.739 22.980 24.209 25.429 26.644 28.458 31.467 34.467 37.461 43.438 49.407 55.373 61.335



1130.7 1148.5 1167.1 1185.6 1204.1 1222.6 1241.3 1260.0 1288.2 1335.9 1384.4 1433.7 1535.0 1640.0 1748.7

1156.2 1162.3 1181.9 1201.2 1220.2 1239.3 1258.3 1286.9 1334.9 1383.7 1433.1 1534.6 1639.7 1748.4 1860.9

Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure.

1.7319 1.7406 1.7679 1.7933 1.8171 1.8398 1.8614 1.8922 1.9398 1.9837 2.0247 2.0994 2.1668 2.2287 2.2861

80 psia (312.02°F) 1102.3 1105.9 1122.7 1138.7 1154.3 1177.3 1215.4 1253.8 1292.6 1372.6 1455.9 1542.8 1633.3 1727.5 1825.0

1183.4 1187.9 1209.9 1230.8 1251.2 1281.2 1330.8 1380.5 1430.6 1532.9 1638.5 1747.5 1860.2 1976.5 2096.1

*The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure. †

1.8438 1.8716 1.8989 1.9246 1.9490 1.9722 1.9944 2.0156 2.0461 2.0933 2.1371 2.1778 2.2524 2.3198 2.3816

20 psia (227.92°F)

1081.8 1086.5 1101.4 1116.1 1130.7 1145.1 1159.7 1181.6 1218.5 1256.1 1294.5 1373.8 1456.8 1543.5 1633.9

5.4733 5.5440 5.8876 6.2187 6.5420 7.0177 7.7951 8.5616 9.3218 10.8313 12.3331 13.8306 15.3257 16.8192 18.3117

s Btu/ lbm·R

h Btu/lbm

1.6212 1.6271 1.6545 1.6794 1.7026 1.7350 1.7841 1.8289 1.8704 1.9457 2.0135 2.0755 2.1330 2.1869 2.2376

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P



38.425 38.849 41.326 43.774 46.205 48.624 51.035 53.441 57.041 63.029 69.007 74.980 86.913 98.840 110.762 P

10 psia (193.16°F) 1072.0 1074.5 1089.1 1103.4 1117.6 1131.9 1146.2 1160.5 1182.2 1219.0 1256.5 1294.8 1374.1 1457.0 1543.6



s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm·R

1143.1 1146.4 1165.5 1184.4 1203.1 1221.8 1240.6 1259.4 1287.8 1335.6 1384.2 1433.5 1534.9 1639.9 1748.6

1.7875 1.7926 1.8207 1.8469 1.8716 1.8950 1.9174 1.9388 1.9693 2.0167 2.0605 2.1013 2.1760 2.2433 2.3052

40 psia (267.22°F)

10.501

1092.1

1169.8

1.6766

10.713 11.363 11.999 12.625 13.244 14.165 15.686 17.197 18.702 21.700 24.691 27.678 30.662

1097.3 1112.9 1128.1 1143.1 1157.9 1180.2 1217.5 1255.3 1293.9 1373.4 1456.5 1543.3 1633.7

1176.6 1197.1 1216.9 1236.5 1256.0 1285.0 1333.6 1382.6 1432.3 1534.1 1639.3 1748.1 1860.7

1.6858 1.7128 1.7376 1.7610 1.7831 1.8143 1.8625 1.9067 1.9478 2.0227 2.0902 2.1522 2.2096

P



100 psia (327.81°F)

4.4327 1105.5 4.6628 4.9359 5.2006 5.5876 6.2167 6.8344 7.4457 8.6575 9.8615 11.0612 12.2584 13.4541 14.6487

1119.8 1136.4 1152.4 1175.9 1214.4 1253.0 1292.0 1372.2 1455.6 1542.6 1633.2 1727.3 1824.9

1187.5

1.6032

1206.1 1227.8 1248.7 1279.3 1329.4 1379.5 1429.8 1532.4 1638.1 1747.2 1860.0 1976.3 2096.0

1.6263 1.6521 1.6759 1.7088 1.7586 1.8037 1.8453 1.9208 1.9887 2.0508 2.1083 2.1622 2.2130

969 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Concluded (Concluded ) T °F

ft3 /lbm P

Sat at.. 360 36 0 400 40 0 450 45 0 500 50 0 550 55 0 600 60 0 700 70 0 800 80 0 100 000 0 120 200 0 140 400 0 160 600 0 180 800 0 2000 20 00



1.8 .844 440 0 2.0 .002 027 7 2.1 .150 506 6 2.2 .291 910 0 2.4 .426 264 4 2.5 .558 586 6 2.6 .688 883 3 2.9 .942 429 9 3.1 .193 930 0 3.4 .440 403 3 3.9 .929 295 5 4.4 .414 144 4 4.8 .896 969 9 5.3 .377 777 7 5.8 .857 575 5

119 11 90.8 120 12 02.1 122 12 24.6 125 12 51.4 127 12 77.3 130 13 02.8 132 13 28.0 137 13 78.4 142 14 29.0 153 15 31.8 163 16 37.7 174 17 46.9 185 18 59.8 197 19 76.1 2095 20 95.8 .8

1.58 1. 588 83 1.602 1.60 23 1.629 1.62 92 1.659 1.65 94 1.687 1.68 72 1.713 1.71 31 1.737 1.73 75 1.782 1.78 29 1.824 1.82 47 1.900 1.90 05 1.968 1.96 84 2.030 2.03 05 2.0 .08 881 2.1 .14 420 2.19 2. 1928 28

180 psia (373.07°F) 1113. 3.0 0 1126. 6.3 3 1148. 8.7 7 1169. 9.8 8 1190. 0.2 2 1210. 0.2 2 1249. 9.8 8 1289. 9.5 5 1329. 9.7 7 1370. 0.5 5 1454. 4.3 3 1541. 1.6 6 1632. 2.4 4 1726. 6.7 7 1824. 4.4 4




120 psia (341.25°F) 1107. 7.9 9 1116. 6.7 7 1134. 4.0 0 1154. 4.5 5 1174. 4.4 4 1193. 3.9 9 1213. 3.4 4 1252. 2.2 2 1291. 1.4 4 1371. 1.7 7 1455. 5.3 3 1542. 2.3 3 1633. 3.0 0 1727. 7.2 2 1824 18 24.8 .8

2.5 .532 322 2 2.6 .649 490 0 2.8 .851 514 4 3.0 .043 433 3 3.2 .228 286 6 3.4 .409 097 7 3.7 .763 635 5 4.1 .110 104 4 4.4 .453 531 1 4.7 .792 929 9 5.4 .467 674 4 6.1 .137 377 7 6.8 .805 054 4 7.4 .471 716 6 8.1 .136 367 7 P

Sat at.. 450 45 0 500 50 0 550 55 0 600 60 0 650 65 0 700 70 0 800 80 0 900 90 0 100 000 0 120 200 0 140 400 0 160 600 0 180 800 0 200 000 0



3.7 .728 289 9 3.8 .844 446 6 4.0 .079 799 9 4.3 .361 613 3 4.6 .634 340 0 4.9 .901 010 0 5.1 .164 642 2 5.6 .682 829 9 6.1 .195 950 0 7.2 .208 083 3 8.2 .213 137 7 9.2 .214 149 9 10.2 .213 135 5 11.2 .210 106 6 12.2 12 .206 067 7 P

Sat at.. 400 40 0 450 45 0 500 50 0 550 55 0 600 60 0 700 70 0 800 80 0 900 90 0 100 000 0 120 200 0 140 400 0 160 600 0 180 800 0 200 000 0

u Btu/lbm

v

119 11 97.3 121 12 14.5 124 12 43.7 127 12 71.2 129 12 97.7 132 13 23.8 137 13 75.2 142 14 26.5 147 14 78.0 153 15 30.1 163 16 36.5 174 17 46.0 185 18 59.1 197 19 75.6 209 20 95.4

1.554 1.55 48 1.57 1. 575 52 1.608 1.60 82 1.637 1.63 76 1.664 1.66 46 1.689 1.68 97 1.736 1.73 61 1.778 1.77 85 1.817 1.81 79 1.854 1.85 49 1.923 1.92 31 1.985 1.98 55 2.043 2.04 32 2.097 2.09 71 2.147 2.14 79

250 psia (400.97°F) 1116. 6.3 3 1141. 1.3 3 1164. 4.1 1 1185. 5.6 6 1206. 6.3 3 1226. 6.8 8 1247. 7.0 0 1287. 7.3 3 1327. 7.9 9 1369. 9.0 0 1453. 3.3 3 1540. 0.8 8 1631. 1.7 7 1726. 6.2 2 1823. 3.9 9

120 12 01.6 123 12 34.0 126 12 63.6 129 12 91.5 131 13 18.6 134 13 45.1 137 13 71.4 142 14 23.5 147 14 75.6 152 15 28.2 163 16 35.0 174 17 45.0 185 18 58.3 197 19 74.9 209 20 94.9

1.527 1.52 70 1.56 1. 563 36 1.595 1.59 53 1.623 1.62 37 1.649 1.64 99 1.674 1.67 43 1.697 1.69 74 1.740 1.74 06 1.780 1.78 04 1.817 1.81 77 1.886 1.88 63 1.948 1.94 88 2.006 2.00 66 2.060 2.06 07 2.111 2.11 16

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm·R

v

ft3 /lbm P



3.2202 3.2 3.2 .25 584 3.4 .46 676 3.7 .71 147 3.9 .95 525 4.1 .18 845 4.4 .41 124 4.8 .86 604 5.3 .30 017 6.1 .17 732 7.0 .03 367 7.8 .89 961 8.7 8. 7529 9.6 9. 6082 10.4 10 .462 624 4 P



2.2882 2.2 2.3 .36 615 2.5 .54 488 2.7 .72 247 2.8 .89 939 3.0 .05 586 3.3 .37 796 3.6 .69 934 4.0 .00 031 4.3 .30 099 4.9 .91 182 5.5 .52 222 6.1 .12 238 6.7 .72 238 7.3 .32 227 P



1.6806 1.6 1.8 .80 034 1.9 .94 415 2.0 .07 715 2.1 .19 964 2.3 .31 179 2.4 .43 369 2.6 .66 699 2.8 .89 984 3.1 .12 241 3.5 .57 700 4.0 .01 116 4.4 .45 507 4.8 .88 882 5.3 .32 247

140 psia (353.03°F) 110 1 109 9.9 1113.4 111 1131.5 113 1152.6 115 1172.9 117 1192.7 119 1212.3 121 1251.4 125 1290.8 129 1371.3 137 1455.0 145 1542.1 154 163 632 2.8 172 727 7.0 1824 18 24.6 .6

1193 11 93.4 .4 1197.8 1197 .8 1221.4 1221 .4 1248.9 1248 .9 1275.3 1275 .3 1301.1 1301 .1 1326.6 1326 .6 1377.3 1377 .3 1428.1 1428 .1 1531.3 1531 .3 1637.3 1637 .3 1746.6 1746 .6 1859 59.5 .5 1975 75.9 .9 2095 20 95.7 .7

1.5 1. 5757 1.5811 1.5 1.6092 1.6 1.6403 1.6 1.6686 1.6 1.6948 1.6 1.7195 1.7 1.7652 1.7 1.8072 1.8 1.8832 1.8 1.9512 1.9 2.0134 2.0 2.0 .07 711 2.1 .12 250 2.17 2. 1758 58

200 psia (381.80°F) 1114 111 4.1 112 11 23.5 1146.7 114 1168.2 116 1188.9 118 1209.1 120 1249.0 124 1288.9 128 1329.2 132 1370.1 137 1454.0 145 1541.4 154 1632.2 163 1726.5 172 1824.3 182

1198.8 1198 .8 1210 12 10.9 .9 1241.0 1241 .0 1269.0 1269 .0 1296.0 1296 .0 1322.3 1322 .3 1374.1 1374 .1 1425.6 1425 .6 1477.3 1477 .3 1529.6 1529 .6 1636.1 1636 .1 1745.7 1745 .7 1858.8 1858 .8 1975.4 1975 .4 2095.3 2095 .3

1.5460 1.5 1.5 1. 5602 1.5943 1.5 1.6243 1.6 1.6516 1.6 1.6771 1.6 1.7238 1.7 1.7664 1.7 1.8059 1.8 1.8430 1.8 1.9113 1.9 1.9737 1.9 2.0315 2.0 2.0855 2.0 2.1363 2.1

275 psia (409.45°F) 1117 111 7.0 113 11 38.5 1162.0 116 1183.9 118 1204.9 120 1225.6 122 1246.0 124 1286.5 128 1327.3 132 1368.5 136 1452.9 145 1540.5 154 1631.5 163 1726.0 172 1823.8 182

1202.6 1202 .6 1230 12 30.3 .3 1260.8 1260 .8 1289.3 1289 .3 1316.7 1316 .7 1343.5 1343 .5 1370.0 1370 .0 1422.4 1422 .4 1474.8 1474 .8 1527.4 1527 .4 1634.5 1634 .5 1744.6 1744 .6 1858.0 1858 .0 1974.7 1974 .7 2094.7 2094 .7

1.5187 1.5 1.5 1. 5499 1.5825 1.5 1.6115 1.6 1.6380 1.6 1.6627 1.6 1.6860 1.6 1.7294 1.7 1.7694 1.7 1.8068 1.8 1.8755 1.8 1.9381 1.9 1.9960 1.9 2.0501 2.0 2.1010 2.1

v

ft3 /lbm P



u Btu/lbm Btu/l bm


160 psia (363.54°F)

2.8 .834 347 7

1111. 1.6 6

1195.5 119

1.564 1.56 47

3.0 .007 076 6 3.2 .229 293 3 3.4 .441 412 2 3.6 .646 469 9 3.8 .848 484 4 4.2 .243 434 4 4.6 .631 316 6 5.3 .396 968 8 6.1 .154 540 0 6.9 .907 070 0 7.6 .657 574 4 8.4 .406 063 3 9.15 9. 1542 42

1129. 9.0 0 1150. 0.7 7 1171. 1.4 4 1191. 1.4 4 1211. 1.3 3 1250. 0.6 6 1290. 0.2 2 1370. 0.9 9 1454. 4.7 7 1541. 1.8 8 1632. 2.6 6 1726. 6.9 9 1824 18 24.5 .5

1218.0 121 124 12 46.3 127 12 73.2 129 12 99.4 132 13 25.2 137 13 76.3 142 14 27.3 153 15 30.7 163 16 36.9 174 17 46.3 185 18 59.3 197 19 75.7 2095 20 95.5 .5

1.59 1. 591 14 1.623 1.62 34 1.652 1.65 22 1.678 1.67 88 1.703 1.70 37 1.749 1.74 98 1.792 1.79 20 1.868 1.86 82 1.936 1.93 63 1.998 1.99 86 2.0 .05 563 2.1 .11 102 2.16 2. 1610 10

P



2.0 .042 423 3 2.0 .072 728 8 2.2 .245 457 7 2.4 .405 059 9 2.5 .559 590 0 2.7 .707 075 5 2.9 .995 956 6 3.2 .276 765 5 3.5 .553 530 0 3.8 .826 268 8 4.3 .368 689 9 4.9 .906 068 8 5.4 .442 422 2 5.9 .976 760 0 6.5 .508 087 7 P



1.5 .543 435 5 1.6 .636 369 9 1.7 .767 670 0 1.8 .888 885 5 2.0 .004 046 6 2.1 .117 172 2 2.2 .227 273 3 2.4 .442 424 4 2.6 .652 529 9 2.8 .860 605 5 3.2 .270 704 4 3.6 .675 759 9 4.0 .078 789 9 4.4 .480 803 3 4.8 .880 807 7

225 psia (391.80°F) 1115. 5.3 3 1119. 9.7 7 1144. 4.1 1 1166. 6.2 2 1187. 7.2 2 1207. 7.7 7 1248. 8.0 0 1288. 8.1 1 1328. 8.5 5 1369. 9.5 5 1453. 3.6 6 1541. 1.1 1 1632. 2.0 0 1726. 6.4 4 1824. 4.1 1

120 12 00.3 120 12 06.0 123 12 37.6 126 12 66.3 129 12 93.8 132 13 20.5 137 13 72.7 142 14 24.5 147 14 76.5 152 15 28.9 163 16 35.6 174 17 45.4 185 18 58.6 197 19 75.2 209 20 95.1

1.536 1.53 60 1.54 1. 542 27 1.578 1.57 83 1.609 1.60 91 1.637 1.63 70 1.662 1.66 28 1.709 1.70 99 1.752 1.75 28 1.792 1.79 25 1.829 1.82 96 1.898 1.89 81 1.960 1.96 06 2.018 2.01 84 2.072 2.07 24 2.123 2.12 32

300 psia (417.35°F) 1117. 7.7 7 1135. 5.6 6 1159. 9.8 8 1182. 2.1 1 1203. 3.5 5 1224. 4.4 4 1244. 4.9 9 1285. 5.7 7 1326. 6.6 6 1367. 7.9 9 1452. 2.5 5 1540. 0.2 2 1631. 1.3 3 1725. 5.8 8 1823. 3.6 6

120 12 03.3 122 12 26.4 125 12 57.9 128 12 87.0 131 13 14.8 134 13 41.9 136 13 68.6 142 14 21.3 147 14 73.9 152 15 26.7 163 16 34.0 174 17 44.2 185 18 57.7 197 19 74.5 209 20 94.6

1.511 1.51 11 1.53 1. 536 69 1.570 1.57 06 1.600 1.60 01 1.627 1.62 70 1.652 1.65 20 1.675 1.67 55 1.719 1.71 92 1.759 1.75 93 1.796 1.79 68 1.865 1.86 57 1.928 1.92 84 1.986 1.98 63 2.040 2.04 04 2.091 2.09 13


TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Continued (Continued )) T °F

ft3 /lbm P

Sat. Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 100 10 00 120 12 00 140 14 00 160 16 00 180 18 00 200 20 00

350 psia (431.74°F) 1118.5 111 112 11 29.3 115 11 55.2 117 11 78.6 120 12 00.6 122 12 21.9 124 12 42.8 128 12 84.1 132 13 25.3 136 13 66.9 145 14 51.7 153 15 39.6 163 16 30.8 172 17 25.4 182 18 23.3



0.92 0. 9281 815 5 0.9930 0.99 304 4 1.07 1. 0797 974 4 1.15 1. 1587 876 6 1.23 1. 2331 312 2 1.30 1. 3044 440 0 1.44 1. 4409 097 7 1.57 1. 5725 252 2 1.70 1. 7009 094 4 1.82 1. 8272 726 6 1.95 1. 9521 211 1 2.19 2. 1988 88 2.4 .44 430 2.6 .68 856 2.9 .92 271 P

Sat. Sat. 550 55 0 600 60 0 650 65 0 700 70 0 750 75 0 800 80 0 900 90 0 1000 10 00 1100 11 00 1200 12 00 1400 14 00 1600 16 00 1800 18 00 2000 20 00



1.3 .32 263 1.3 .37 739 1.4 .49 921 1.6 .60 004 1.7 .70 030 1.8 .80 018 1.8 .89 979 2.0 .08 848 2.2 .26 671 2.4 .44 464 2.7 .79 996 3.1 .14 484 3.4 .49 947 3.8 .83 394 4.1 .18 830 P

Sat. Sat. 500 50 0 550 55 0 600 60 0 650 65 0 700 70 0 800 80 0 900 90 0 1000 10 00 1100 11 00 1200 12 00 1400 14 00 160 16 00 180 18 00 200 20 00


v



0.56 0. 5692 920 0 0.6158 0.61 586 6 0.67 0. 6779 799 9 0.73 0. 7327 279 9 0.78 0. 7833 330 0 0.83 0. 8310 102 2 0.87 0. 8767 678 8 0.96 0. 9643 434 4 1.04 1. 0484 841 1 1.13 1. 1302 024 4 1.21 1. 2105 051 1 1.36 1. 3679 797 7 1.52 1. 5228 283 3 1.67 1. 6760 606 6 1.82 1. 8282 823 3

12 1 204 04.4 .4 1218.3 1218 .3 1251.9 1251 .9 1282.2 1282 .2 1310.9 1310 .9 1338.6 1338 .6 1365.8 1365 .8 1419.1 1419 .1 1472.2 1472 .2 1525.3 1525 .3 1633.0 1633 .0 1743.5 1743 .5 1857.1 1857 .1 1974.0 1974 .0 2094.2 2094 .2

1.4 1 .49 973 1.5128 1.5 1.5487 1.5 1.5795 1.5 1.6073 1.6 1.6328 1.6 1.6567 1.6 1.7009 1.7 1.7414 1.7 1.7791 1.7 1.8483 1.8 1.9111 1.9 1.9691 1.9 2.0233 2.0 2.0742 2.0

500 psia (467.04°F) 1119 11 19.1 .1 1140.1 1140 .1 1167 11 67.1 .1 1191 11 91.4 .4 1214 12 14.3 .3 1236 12 36.4 .4 1279 12 79.2 .2 1321 13 21.4 .4 1363 13 63.6 .6 1406 14 06.2 .2 1449 14 49.4 .4 1537 15 37.8 .8 162 16 29.4 172 17 24.2 182 18 22.3

1205 12 05.0 .0 1231 12 31.9 .9 1267 12 67.0 .0 1298 12 98.6 .6 1328 13 28.4 .4 1357 13 57.0 .0 1412 14 12.5 .5 1466 14 66.9 .9 1521 15 21.0 .0 1575 15 75.3 .3 1630 16 30.0 .0 1741.2 1741 .2 1855.4 1855 .4 1972.7 1972 .7 2093.1 2093 .1

1.464 1.4 642 2 1.49 1. 4928 28 1.52 1. 5284 84 1.55 1. 5590 90 1.58 1. 5865 65 1.61 1. 6117 17 1.65 1. 6576 76 1.69 1. 6992 92 1.73 1. 7376 76 1.77 1. 7735 35 1.80 1. 8075 75 1.8708 1.870 8 1.9291 1.9 1.9834 1.9 2.0345 2.0

800 psia (518.27°F) 1115 11 15.0 .0 1199 1199.3 .3 1.416 1.4162 2 1139.4 1139 .4 12 1230 30.5 .5 1. 1.44 4476 76 1170 11 70.5 .5 12 1270 70.9 .9 1. 1.48 4866 66 1197 11 97.6 .6 13 1306 06.0 .0 1. 1.51 5191 91 1222 12 22.4 .4 13 1338 38.4 .4 1. 1.54 5476 76 1246 12 46.0 .0 13 1369 69.1 .1 1. 1.57 5735 35 1268 12 68.9 .9 13 1398 98.7 .7 1. 1.59 5975 75 1313 13 13.3 .3 14 1456 56.0 .0 1. 1.64 6413 13 1357 13 57.0 .0 15 1512 12.2 .2 1. 1.68 6812 12 1400 14 00.7 .7 15 1568 68.0 .0 1. 1.71 7181 81 1444 14 44.6 .6 16 1623 23.8 .8 1. 1.75 7528 28 1534 15 34.2 .2 17 1736 36.7 .7 1. 1.81 8170 70 1626 16 26.5 .5 18 1851 51.9 .9 1. 1.87 8759 59 1721 17 21.9 .9 19 1970 70.0 .0 1. 1.93 9306 06 1820 18 20.4 .4 20 2091 91.0 .0 1. 1.98 9819 19


v

ft3 /lbm P



1.1617 1.1 1.1 1. 1747 1.2 1. 2851 1.3 1. 3840 1.4 1. 4765 1.5 1. 5650 1.6 1. 6507 1.8 1. 8166 1.9 1. 9777 2.1 2. 1358 2.4 2. 4465 2.7 2. 7527 3.0 3. 0565 3.3 3. 3586 3.6 3. 6597 P

P

111 119 9.0 112 122 2.5 115 150 0.4 117 174 4.9 119 197 7.6 121 219 9.4 124 240 0.7 128 282 2.5 132 324 4.0 136 365 5.8 145 450 0.9 153 539 9.0 163 630 0.3 172 725 5.0 182 823 3.0



0.77 0. 7702 020 0 0.7952 0.79 526 6 0.87 0. 8754 542 2 0.94 0. 9460 605 5 1.01 1. 0113 133 3 1.07 1. 0731 316 6 1.19 1. 1903 038 8 1.30 1. 3023 230 0 1.41 1. 4109 097 7 1.51 1. 5174 749 9 1.62 1. 6225 252 2 1.82 1. 8295 957 7 2.0 2. 0340 2.2 2. 2369 2.4 2. 4387 

0.44 0. 4460 604 4 0.4537 0.45 375 5 0.51 0. 5143 431 1 0.56 0. 5641 411 1 0.60 0. 6084 844 4 0.64 0. 6494 944 4 0.68 0. 6882 821 1 0.76 0. 7613 136 6 0.83 0. 8307 078 8 0.89 0. 8978 783 3 0.96 0. 9632 327 7 1.09 1. 0910 101 1 1.21 1. 2161 610 0 1.33 1. 3395 956 6 1.46 1. 4619 194 4

400 psia (444.62°F) 12 1 205. 5.0 0 1209. 120 9.4 4 1245. 124 5.6 6 1277. 127 7.3 3 1306. 130 6.9 9 1335. 133 5.3 3 1362. 136 2.9 9 1417. 141 7.0 0 1470. 147 0.4 4 1523. 152 3.9 9 1632. 163 2.0 0 1742. 174 2.7 7 1856. 185 6.5 5 1973. 197 3.6 6 2093. 209 3.9 9

1.4 1. 4852 1.4 .49 901 1.5288 1.52 1.5610 1.56 1.5897 1.58 1.6158 1.61 1.6401 1.64 1.6849 1.68 1.7257 1.72 1.7636 1.76 1.8331 1.83 1.8960 1.89 1.9541 1.95 2.0084 2.00 2.0594 2.05

600 psia (486.24°F) 1118 11 18.3 .3 1128.2 1128 .2 1158 11 58.7 .7 1184 11 84.9 .9 1209 12 09.0 .0 1231 12 31.9 .9 1275 12 75.8 .8 1318 13 18.7 .7 1361 13 61.4 .4 1404 14 04.4 .4 1447 14 47.8 .8 1536 15 36.6 .6 162 628 8.4 172 723 3.4 182 821 1.7

1203 12 03.9 .9 1.446 1.4463 3 1216 12 16.5 .5 1. 1.45 4596 96 1255 12 55.9 .9 1. 1.49 4996 96 1289 12 89.9 .9 1. 1.53 5325 25 1321 13 21.3 .3 1. 1.56 5614 14 1351 13 51.0 .0 1. 1.58 5877 77 1408 14 08.0 .0 1. 1.63 6348 48 1463 14 63.3 .3 1. 1.67 6771 71 1518 15 18.1 .1 1. 1.71 7160 60 1572 15 72.9 .9 1. 1.75 7522 22 1627 16 27.9 .9 1. 1.78 7865 65 1739.7 1739 .7 1.850 1.8501 1 1854. 185 4.2 2 1.9 .90 085 1971. 197 1.8 8 1.9 .96 630 2092. 209 2.4 4 2.0 .01 141

1000 psia (544.65°F) 1110 11 10.1 .1 1192 1192.6 .6 1.390 1.3906 6 1115.2 1115 .2 11 1199 99.2 .2 1. 1.39 3972 72 1154 11 54.1 .1 12 1249 49.3 .3 1. 1.44 4457 57 1185 11 85.1 .1 12 1289 89.5 .5 1. 1.48 4827 27 1212 12 12.4 .4 13 1325 25.0 .0 1. 1.51 5140 40 1237 12 37.6 .6 13 1357 57.8 .8 1. 1.54 5418 18 1261 12 61.7 .7 13 1389 89.0 .0 1. 1.56 5670 70 1307 13 07.7 .7 14 1448 48.6 .6 1. 1.61 6126 26 1352 13 52.5 .5 15 1506 06.2 .2 1. 1.65 6535 35 1396 13 96.9 .9 15 1563 63.1 .1 1. 1.69 6911 11 1441 14 41.4 .4 16 1619 19.7 .7 1. 1.72 7263 63 1531 15 31.8 .8 17 1733 33.7 .7 1. 1.79 7911 11 1624 16 24.6 .6 18 1849 49.6 .6 1. 1.85 8504 04 1720 17 20.3 .3 19 1968 68.2 .2 1. 1.90 9053 53 1819 18 19.1 .1 20 2089 89.6 .6 1. 1.95 9568 68

s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/l bm Btu/lbm lbm·R

v

ft3 /lbm P



450 psia (456.31°F)

1.0 1. 0324

111 119 9.2

1205. 12 5.2 2

1.474 1.47 42

1.1233 1.1 1.2 1. 2152 1.3 1. 3001 1.3 1. 3807 1.4 1. 4584 1.6 1. 6080 1.7 1. 7526 1.8 1. 8942 2.1 2. 1718 2.4 2. 4450 2.7 2. 7157 2.9 2. 9847 3.2 3. 2527

114 145 5.4 117 171 1.1 119 194 4.6 121 216 6.9 123 238 8.5 128 280 0.8 132 322 2.7 136 364 4.7 145 450 0.1 153 538 8.4 162 629 9.8 172 724 4.6 182 822 2.6

123 12 38. 8.9 9 1272. 127 2.3 3 1302. 130 2.8 8 1331. 133 1.9 9 1360. 136 0.0 0 1414. 141 4.7 7 1468. 146 8.6 6 1522. 152 2.4 4 1631. 163 1.0 0 1742. 174 2.0 0 1856. 185 6.0 0 1973. 197 3.2 2 2093. 209 3.5 5

1.51 1. 510 03 1.544 1.54 41 1.573 1.57 37 1.600 1.60 05 1.625 1.62 53 1.670 1.67 06 1.711 1.71 17 1.749 1.74 99 1.819 1.81 96 1.882 1.88 27 1.940 1.94 09 1.995 1.99 52 2.046 2.04 62

P



700 psia (503.13°F)

0.65 0. 6558 589 9

1116 11 16.9 .9 1201 1201.9 .9 1.43 1.4305 05

0.7279 0.72 799 9 0.79 0. 7933 332 2 0.85 0. 8524 242 2 0.90 0. 9076 769 9 1.01 1. 0112 125 5 1.10 1. 1092 921 1 1.20 1. 2038 381 1 1.29 1. 2962 621 1 1.38 1. 3870 709 9 1.56 1. 5658 580 0 1.7 1. 74192 1.9 1. 91643 2.0 2. 08987

1149.5 1149 .5 1177 11 77.9 .9 1203 12 03.4 .4 1227 12 27.2 .2 1272 12 72.4 .4 1316 13 16.0 .0 1359 13 59.2 .2 1402 14 02.5 .5 1446 14 46.2 .2 1535 15 35.4 .4 1627.5 162 1722.7 172 1821.0 182

P



1243.8 1243 .8 1. 1.47 4730 30 1280 12 80.7 .7 1. 1.50 5087 87 1313 13 13.8 .8 1. 1.53 5393 93 1344 13 44.8 .8 1. 1.56 5666 66 1403 14 03.4 .4 1. 1.61 6150 50 1459 14 59.7 .7 1. 1.65 6581 81 1515 15 15.2 .2 1. 1.69 6974 74 1570 15 70.4 .4 1. 1.73 7341 41 1625 16 25.9 .9 1. 1.76 7685 85 1738.2 1738 .2 1. 1.83 8324 24 1853. 185 3.1 1 1.8 .89 911 1970. 197 0.9 9 1.9 .94 457 2091. 209 1.7 7 1.9 .99 969

1250 psia (572.45°F)

0.34 0. 3454 549 9

1102 11 02.0 .0 1181 1181.9 .9 1.36 1.3623 23

0.3789 0.37 894 4 0.42 0. 4270 703 3 0.46 0. 4673 735 5 0.50 0. 5034 344 4 0.53 0. 5368 687 7 0.59 0. 5987 876 6 0.65 0. 6565 656 6 0.71 0. 7118 184 4 0.76 0. 7654 545 5 0.86 0. 8694 944 4 0.97 0. 9707 072 2 1.07 1. 0703 036 6 1.16 1. 1689 892 2

1129.5 1129 .5 1167 11 67.5 .5 1198 11 98.7 .7 1226 12 26.4 .4 1252 12 52.2 .2 1300 13 00.5 .5 1346 13 46.7 .7 1392 13 92.2 .2 1437 14 37.4 .4 1528 15 28.7 .7 1622 16 22.2 .2 1718 17 18.4 .4 1817 18 17.5 .5

1217.2 1217 .2 1266 12 66.3 .3 1306 13 06.8 .8 1342 13 42.9 .9 1376 13 76.4 .4 1439 14 39.0 .0 1498 14 98.6 .6 1556 15 56.8 .8 1614 16 14.5 .5 1729 17 29.8 .8 1846 18 46.7 .7 1966 19 66.0 .0 2087 20 87.9 .9

1.3961 1.39 61 1.44 1. 4414 14 1.47 1. 4771 71 1.50 1. 5076 76 1.53 1. 5347 47 1.58 1. 5826 26 1.62 1. 6249 49 1.66 1. 6635 35 1.69 1. 6993 93 1.76 1. 7649 49 1.82 1. 8246 46 1.87 1. 8799 99 1.93 1. 9315 15

971 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–6E Superheated water (Concluded (Concluded ) T °F

ft3 /lbm P

Sat. Sat. 600 60 0 650 65 0 700 70 0 750 75 0 800 80 0 850 85 0 900 90 0 1000 10 00 1100 11 00 1200 12 00 1400 14 00 1600 16 00 1800 18 00 2000 20 00



0.2769 0.27 695 5 0.28 0. 2818 189 9 0.33 0. 3331 310 0 0.37 0. 3719 198 8 0.40 0. 4053 535 5 0.43 0. 4355 550 0 0.46 0. 4635 356 6 0.49 0. 4901 015 5 0.54 0. 5403 031 1 0.58 0. 5878 781 1 0.63 0. 6335 355 5 0.72 0. 7217 172 2 0.80 0. 8071 714 4 0.89 0. 8909 090 0 0.97 0. 9735 358 8 P

Sat at.. 650 700 70 0 750 75 0 800 80 0 850 85 0 900 90 0 950 95 0 1000 10 00 1100 11 00 1200 12 00 1400 14 00 1600 16 00 1800 18 00 2000 20 00

u Btu/lbm

v



1500 psia (596.26°F) 1092.1 1092 .1 1169 1169.0 .0 1.336 1.3362 2 1097 10 97.2 .2 11 1175 75.4 .4 1. 1.34 3423 23 1147 11 47.2 .2 12 1239 39.7 .7 1. 1.40 4016 16 1183 11 83.6 .6 12 1286 86.9 .9 1. 1.44 4433 33 1214 12 14.4 .4 13 1326 26.9 .9 1. 1.47 4771 71 1242 12 42.2 .2 13 1363 63.1 .1 1. 1.50 5064 64 1268 12 68.2 .2 13 1396 96.9 .9 1. 1.53 5328 28 1293 12 93.1 .1 14 1429 29.2 .2 1. 1.55 5569 69 1340 13 40.9 .9 14 1490 90.8 .8 1. 1.60 6007 07 1387 13 87.3 .3 15 1550 50.5 .5 1. 1.64 6402 02 1433 14 33.3 .3 16 1609 09.2 .2 1. 1.67 6767 67 1525 15 25.7 .7 17 1726 26.0 .0 1. 1.74 7432 32 1619 16 19.8 .8 18 1843 43.8 .8 1. 1.80 8033 33 1716 17 16.4 .4 19 1963 63.7 .7 1. 1.85 8589 89 1815 18 15.9 .9 20 2086 86.1 .1 1. 1.91 9108 08 2500 psia (668.17°F)


v

ft3 /lbm P



1750 psia (617.17°F)



2000 psia (635.85°F) 1066 10 66.8 .8 1136 1136.4 .4 1.286 1.2863 3

0.2629 0.26 292 2 0.30 0. 3025 252 2 0.33 0. 3345 455 5 0.36 0. 3626 266 6 0.38 0. 3883 835 5 0.41 0. 4123 238 8 0.45 0. 4571 719 9 0.49 0. 4991 917 7 0.53 0. 5393 932 2 0.61 0. 6162 621 1 0.69 0. 6903 031 1 0.76 0. 7627 273 3 0.83 0. 8340 406 6

1122.8 1122 .8 1166 11 66.8 .8 1201 12 01.5 .5 1231 12 31.7 .7 1259 12 59.3 .3 1285 12 85.4 .4 1334 13 34.9 .9 1382 13 82.4 .4 1429 14 29.2 .2 1522 15 22.6 .6 1617 16 17.4 .4 1714 17 14.5 .5 1814 18 14.2 .2

0.2058 0.20 586 6 0.24 0. 2489 894 4 0.28 0. 2807 074 4 0.30 0. 3076 763 3 0.33 0. 3316 169 9 0.35 0. 3539 390 0 0.39 0. 3947 479 9 0.43 0. 4326 266 6 0.46 0. 4686 864 4 0.53 0. 5370 708 8 0.60 0. 6026 269 9 0.66 0. 6666 660 0 0.72 0. 7294 942 2

1091.4 1091 .4 1147 11 47.6 .6 1187 11 87.4 .4 1220 12 20.5 .5 1250 12 50.0 .0 1277 12 77.5 .5 1328 13 28.7 .7 1377 13 77.5 .5 1425 14 25.1 .1 1519 15 19.5 .5 1615 16 15.0 .0 1712 17 12.5 .5 1812 18 12.6 .6

P



1207.9 1207 .9 1264 12 64.7 .7 1309 13 09.8 .8 1349 13 49.1 .1 1385 13 85.1 .1 1419 14 19.0 .0 1482 14 82.9 .9 1544 15 44.1 .1 1603 16 03.9 .9 1722 17 22.1 .1 1840 18 40.9 .9 1961 19 61.5 .5 2084 20 84.3 .3

1.3607 1.36 07 1.41 1. 4108 08 1.44 1. 4489 89 1.48 1. 4807 07 1.50 1. 5088 88 1.53 1. 5341 41 1.57 1. 5796 96 1.62 1. 6201 01 1.65 1. 6572 72 1.72 1. 7245 45 1.78 1. 7852 52 1.84 1. 8410 10 1.89 1. 8931 31

3000 psia (695.41°F) 969 96 9.8 101 1016. 6.8 8

1.1 .15 587

0.1684 0.1 849 9 0.20 0. 2032 327 7 0.22 0. 2294 949 9 0.25 0. 2517 174 4 0.27 0. 2716 165 5 0.29 0. 2900 001 1 0.30 0. 3072 726 6 0.33 0. 3394 949 9 0.36 0. 3696 966 6 0.42 0. 4263 631 1 0.48 0. 4800 004 4 0.53 0. 5320 205 5 0.58 0. 5829 295 5

109 098 8.4 1176 1176.3 .3 1. 1.3 3072 1154 11 54.9 .9 12 1249 49.0 .0 1. 1.36 3686 86 1195 11 95.9 .9 13 1302 02.0 .0 1. 1.41 4116 16 1230 12 30.1 .1 13 1346 46.6 .6 1. 1.44 4463 63 1260 12 60.7 .7 13 1386 86.4 .4 1. 1.47 4761 61 1289 12 89.1 .1 14 1423 23.3 .3 1. 1.50 5028 28 1316 13 16.1 .1 14 1458 58.2 .2 1. 1.52 5271 71 1367 13 67.3 .3 15 1524 24.4 .4 1. 1.57 5710 10 1416 14 16.6 .6 15 1587 87.6 .6 1. 1.61 6103 03 1513 15 13.3 .3 17 1710 10.5 .5 1. 1.68 6802 02 1610 16 10.1 .1 18 1832 32.2 .2 1. 1.74 7424 24 1708 17 08.6 .6 19 1954 54.8 .8 1. 1.79 7991 91 1809 18 09.4 .4 20 2079 79.1 .1 1. 1.85 8518 18

0.09838 10 0.0 100 05.3 10 105 59. 9.9 9 0.14 0. 1484 840 0 11 1114 14.1 .1 11 1196 96.5 .5 0.17 0. 1760 601 1 11 1167 67.5 .5 12 1265 65.3 .3 0.19 0. 1977 771 1 12 1208 08.2 .2 13 1317 17.9 .9 0.21 0. 2164 640 0 12 1242 42.8 .8 13 1362 62.9 .9 0.23 0. 2332 321 1 12 1273 73.9 .9 14 1403 03.3 .3 0.24 0. 2487 876 6 13 1302 02.8 .8 14 1440 40.9 .9 0.27 0. 2773 732 2 13 1356 56.8 .8 15 1510 10.8 .8 0.30 0. 3036 367 7 14 1408 08.0 .0 15 1576 76.6 .6 0.35 0. 3524 249 9 15 1507 07.0 .0 17 1702 02.7 .7 0.39 0. 3983 830 0 16 1605 05.3 .3 18 1826 26.4 .4 0.44 0. 4423 237 7 17 1704 04.7 .7 19 1950 50.3 .3 0.48 0. 4853 532 2 18 1806 06.1 .1 20 2075 75.6 .6

1.1 .19 960 1.31 1. 3118 18 1.36 1. 3676 76 1.40 1. 4086 86 1.44 1. 4423 23 1.47 1. 4716 16 1.49 1. 4978 78 1.54 1. 5441 41 1.58 1. 5850 50 1.65 1. 6567 67 1.71 1. 7199 99 1.77 1. 7773 73 1.83 1. 8304 04

4000 psia

657.9 676.1 0. 0.8577 742.3 763.6 0. 0.9347 962.1 10 100 09.2 1. 1.1 1410 1094.2 1172 109 1172.1 .1 1.2 1.2734 1156 11 56.7 .7 12 1251 51.8 .8 1. 1.33 3355 55 1202 12 02.5 .5 13 1310 10.9 .9 1. 1.37 3799 99 1240 12 40.7 .7 13 1360 60.5 .5 1. 1.41 4157 57 1274 12 74.6 .6 14 1404 04.4 .4 1. 1.44 4463 63 1335 13 35.1 .1 14 1482 82.8 .8 1. 1.49 4983 83 1390 13 90.3 .3 15 1554 54.1 .1 1. 1.54 5426 26 1443 14 43.0 .0 16 1621 21.6 .6 1. 1.58 5821 21 1494 14 94.3 .3 16 1687 87.0 .0 1. 1.61 6182 82 1595 15 95.5 .5 18 1814 14.7 .7 1. 1.68 6835 35 1696 16 96.8 .8 19 1941 41.4 .4 1. 1.74 7422 22 1799 17 99.7 .7 20 2068 68.6 .6 1. 1.79 7961 61

P

0.18 0. 1881 815 5

0.0 0. 08460

0.02448 0.02871 0.06370 0.1 0. 1052 520 0 0.12 0. 1284 848 8 0.14 0. 1464 647 7 0.16 0. 1617 176 6 0.17 0. 1753 538 8 0.19 0. 1995 957 7 0.22 0. 2212 121 1 0.24 0. 2412 128 8 0.26 0. 2602 028 8 0.29 0. 2962 620 0 0.33 0. 3303 033 3 0.36 0. 3633 335 5

ft3 /lbm

1080 10 80.5 .5 1153 1153.9 .9 1.31 1.3112 12

103 031 1.2 1091 1091.7 .7 1.2 1.2330



s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/l bm Btu/lbm lbm·R

v

0.22 0. 2268 681 1

0.1 0. 1307 076 6

P 650 700 750 800 80 0 850 85 0 900 90 0 950 95 0 1000 10 00 1100 11 00 1200 12 00 1300 13 00 1400 14 00 1600 16 00 1800 18 00 2000 20 00


P 0.02379 0.02678 0.03373 0.0 0. 05937 0.08 0. 0855 551 1 0.10 0. 1039 390 0 0.11 0. 1186 863 3 0.13 0. 1312 128 8 0.15 0. 1529 298 8 0.17 0. 1718 185 5 0.18 0. 1890 902 2 0.20 0. 2050 508 8 0.23 0. 2350 505 5 0.26 0. 2632 320 0 0.29 0. 2902 023 3



P 0.02492 0.0 .03 3065 0.10 0. 1046 460 0 0.13 0. 1363 639 9 0.15 0. 1584 847 7 0.17 0. 1765 659 9 0.19 0. 1924 245 5 0.20 0. 2068 687 7 0.23 0. 2328 289 9 0.25 0. 2565 654 4 0.29 0. 2997 978 8 0.33 0. 3399 994 4 0.37 0. 3783 833 3 0.41 0. 4156 561 1

5000 psia

648.3 721.8 821.8 986 98 6.9 1092 10 92.4 .4 1155 11 55.9 .9 1203 12 03.9 .9 1244 12 44.0 .0 1312 13 12.2 .2 1372 13 72.1 .1 1427 14 27.8 .8 1481 14 81.4 .4 1585 15 85.6 .6 1689 16 89.0 .0 1793 17 93.2 .2

670.3 0. 0.8485 746.6 0. 0.9156 853.0 1. 1.0 0054 1041. 104 1.8 8 1.15 1.158 81 1171 11 71.5 .5 1. 1.25 2593 93 1252 12 52.1 .1 1. 1.31 3198 98 1313 13 13.6 .6 1. 1.36 3643 43 1365 13 65.5 .5 1. 1.40 4004 04 1453 14 53.8 .8 1. 1.45 4590 90 1531 15 31.1 .1 1. 1.50 5070 70 1602 16 02.7 .7 1. 1.54 5490 90 1671 16 71.1 .1 1. 1.58 5868 68 1803 18 03.1 .1 1. 1.65 6542 42 1932 19 32.5 .5 1. 1.71 7142 42 2061 20 61.7 .7 1. 1.76 7689 89



1.3146 1.31 46 1.37 1. 3783 83 1.42 1. 4218 18 1.45 1. 4567 67 1.48 1. 4867 67 1.51 1. 5134 34 1.56 1. 5606 06 1.60 1. 6021 21 1.64 1. 6400 00 1.70 1. 7081 81 1.76 1. 7693 93 1.82 1. 8255 55 1.87 1. 8778 78

3500 psia

663.7 760 60.0 .0 1057 10 57.6 .6 1134 11 34.3 .3 1183 11 83.8 .8 1223 12 23.4 .4 1257 12 57.8 .8 1289 12 89.0 .0 1346 13 46.1 .1 1399 13 99.3 .3 1500 15 00.7 .7 1600 16 00.4 .4 1700 17 00.8 .8 1802 18 02.9 .9 P

0.0 .02 2325 0.0 .02 2564 0.0 .02 2981 0.0 .03 3949 0.05 0. 0581 815 5 0.07 0. 0758 584 4 0.09 0. 0901 010 0 0.10 0. 1020 208 8 0.12 0. 1221 211 1 0.13 0. 1391 911 1 0.15 0. 1543 434 4 0.16 0. 1684 841 1 0.19 0. 1943 438 8 0.21 0. 2185 853 3 0.24 0. 2415 155 5



1167.6 1167 .6 1239 12 39.8 .8 1291 12 91.3 .3 1334 13 34.3 .3 1372 13 72.8 .8 1408 14 08.5 .5 1474 14 74.9 .9 1537 15 37.6 .6 1598 15 98.5 .5 1718 17 18.3 .3 1838 18 38.0 .0 1959 19 59.2 .2 2082 20 82.6 .6

679.9 779. 9.9 9 1125 11 25.4 .4 1222 12 22.6 .6 1286 12 86.5 .5 1337 13 37.8 .8 1382 13 82.4 .4 1423 14 23.0 .0 1496 14 96.9 .9 1565 15 65.4 .4 1694 16 94.8 .8 1820 18 20.5 .5 1945 19 45.8 .8 2072 20 72.1 .1

0.8632 0.9 .95 511 1.24 1. 2434 34 1.32 1. 3224 24 1.37 1. 3721 21 1.41 1. 4106 06 1.44 1. 4428 28 1.47 1. 4711 11 1.52 1. 5201 01 1.56 1. 5627 27 1.63 1. 6364 64 1.70 1. 7006 06 1.75 1. 7586 86 1.81 1. 8121 21

6000 psia

640.3 708.1 788.7 897 97.1 .1 1018 10 18.6 .6 1103 11 03.5 .5 1163 11 63.7 .7 1211 12 11.4 .4 1288 12 88.4 .4 1353 13 53.4 .4 1412 14 12.5 .5 1468 14 68.4 .4 1575 15 75.7 .7 1681 16 81.1 .1 1786 17 86.7 .7

666.1 0. 0.8408 736.5 0. 0.9028 821.8 0.9 0.9747 941. 1.0 0 1. 1.07 071 11 1083 10 83.1 .1 1. 1.18 1819 19 1187 11 87.7 .7 1. 1.26 2603 03 1263 12 63.7 .7 1. 1.31 3153 53 1324 13 24.7 .7 1. 1.35 3578 78 1424 14 24.0 .0 1. 1.42 4237 37 1507 15 07.8 .8 1. 1.47 4758 58 1583 15 83.8 .8 1. 1.52 5203 03 1655 16 55.4 .4 1. 1.55 5598 98 1791 17 91.5 .5 1. 1.62 6294 94 1923 19 23.7 .7 1. 1.69 6907 07 2054 20 54.9 .9 1. 1.74 7463 63


TABLE A–7E Compressed liquid water T °F

u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

v

3

ft /lbm P

Sat. 32 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

0.019750 0.015994 0.015998 0.016107 0.016317 0.016607 0.016972 0.017417 0.017954 0.018609 0.019425

P Sat. 32 50 100 200 300 400 450 500 560 600 640 680 700





0.025634 0.015912 0.015921 0.016035 0.016527 0.017310 0.018442 0.019199 0.020154 0.021739 0.023317

s Btu/lbm·R

500 psia (467.04°F) 447.68 0.01 18.03 67.86 117.70 167.70 218.04 268.92 320.64 373.61 428.44

449.51 1.49 19.51 69.35 119.21 169.24 219.61 270.53 322.30 375.33 430.24

0.64900 0.00001 0.03601 0.12930 0.21462 0.29349 0.36708 0.43641 0.50240 0.56595 0.62802

2000 psia (635.85°F) 662.33 0.07 17.91 67.36 166.54 266.92 370.30 424.06 480.08 552.21 605.77

671.82 5.96 23.80 73.30 172.66 273.33 377.12 431.16 487.54 560.26 614.40

0.86224 0.00010 0.03574 0.12838 0.29170 0.43376 0.56205 0.62314 0.68346 0.75692 0.80898

u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm·R

v

3

ft /lbm P



0.021595 0.015966 0.015972 0.016083 0.016292 0.016580 0.016941 0.017380 0.017910 0.018552 0.019347 0.020368 P



0.034335 0.015859 0.015870 0.015988 0.016475 0.017242 0.018338 0.019062 0.019960 0.021405 0.022759 0.024765 0.028821

1000 psia (544.65°F) 538.58 0.03 17.99 67.69 117.42 167.31 217.51 268.24 319.77 372.48 426.93 484.03

542.57 2.99 20.95 70.67 120.43 170.38 220.65 271.46 323.08 375.91 430.51 487.80

0.74341 0.00005 0.03593 0.12899 0.21416 0.29289 0.36634 0.43551 0.50132 0.56463 0.62635 0.68764

u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm·R

v

3

ft /lbm P



0.023456 0.015939 0.015946 0.016059 0.016267 0.016553 0.016911 0.017345 0.017866 0.018496 0.019271 0.020258 0.021595

3000 psia (695.41°F) 783.39 0.10 17.83 67.04 165.79 265.65 368.22 421.36 476.45 546.59 597.42 654.52 728.63

802.45 0.97321 8.90 0.00011 26.64 0.03554 75.91 0.12776 174.94 0.29053 275.22 0.43204 378.41 0.55959 431.94 0.62010 487.53 0.67958 558.47 0.75126 610.06 0.80086 668.27 0.85476 744.64 0.92288

1500 psia (596.26°F) 605.07 0.05 17.95 67.53 117.14 166.92 217.00 267.57 318.91 371.37 425.47 482.01 542.50 P

0.015756 0.015773 0.015897 0.016375 0.017112 0.018145 0.018812 0.019620 0.020862 0.021943 0.023358 0.025366 0.026777



611.58 4.48 22.38 71.98 121.66 171.52 221.69 272.39 323.87 376.51 430.82 487.63 548.50

0.80836 0.00008 0.03584 0.12869 0.21369 0.29229 0.36560 0.43463 0.50025 0.56333 0.62472 0.68550 0.74731

5000 psia

0.13 17.65 66.41 164.36 263.24 364.35 416.40 469.94 537.08 584.42 634.95 690.67 721.78

14.71 32.25 81.12 179.51 279.07 381.14 433.80 488.10 556.38 604.72 656.56 714.14 746.56

0.00002 0.03505 0.12652 0.28824 0.42874 0.55492 0.61445 0.67254 0.74154 0.78803 0.83603 0.88745 0.91564

973 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–8E Saturated ice—water vapor

Temp., T °F

Sat. press., P sat psia

Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Sat. ice,

Sat. vapor,

v i

v g

Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat. ice, u i

Subl., u ig

Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. ice, h i

143.34

1164.2

1020.9



143.35

1164.2

1020.9



144.35

1164.6

1020.2



146.85

1165.4

1018.6



149.32

1166.2

1016.9



151.76

1167.0

1015.2



154.18

1167.8

1013.6



156.57

1168.5

1011.9



158.94

1169.2

1010.3



161.28

1169.9

1008.6



163.60

1170.6

1007.0



165.90

1171.2

1005.3



168.16

1171.8

1003.6



170.41

1172.4

1002.0



172.63

1173.0

1000.3



174.83

1173.5

998.7



177.00

1174.0

997.0



32.018 0.08871

0.01747

3299.6



32

0.08864

0 .01747

3302.6



30

0.08086

0 .01747

3605.8



25

0.06405

0 .01746

4505.8



20

0.05049

0 .01746

5657.6



15

0.03960

0 .01745

7138.9



10

0.03089

0 .01744

9054.0



5

0.02397

0.01743 11,543



0

0.01850

0.01743 14,797



5

0.01420

0.01742 19,075



10

0.01083

0.01741 24,731



15

0.00821

0.01740 32,257



20

0.00619

0.01740 42,335



25

0.00463

0.01739 55,917



30

0.00344

0.01738 74,345



35

0.00254

0.01738 99,526



40

0.00186

0.01737 134,182



       

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

Entropy, Btu/Ibm·R

Subl., h ig

Sat. vapor, h g

Sat. ice, s i

Subl., s ig

Sat. vapor, s g

143.34

1218.3

1075.0



143.35

1218.4

1075.0



0.29146

2.4779

2.1864

0.29148

2.4779

2.1865

144.35

1218.5

1074.2



146.85

1218.8

1072.0



0.29353

2.4883

2.1948

0.29865

2.5146

2.2160

149.32

1219.1

1069.8



0.30377

2.5414

2.2376

151.76

1219.3

1067.6



154.18

1219.5

1065.4



0.30889

2.5687

2.2598

0.31401

2.5965

2.2825

156.57

1219.7

1063.1



158.94

1219.9

1060.9



0.31913

2.6248

2.3057

0.32426

2.6537

2.3295

161.28

1220.0

1058.7



163.60

1220.1

1056.5



0.32938

2.6832

2.3538

0.33451

2.7133

2.3788

165.90

1220.2

1054.3



0.33964

2.7440

2.4044

0.34478

2.7754

2.4306

0.34991

2.8074

2.4575

0.35505

2.8401

2.4850

0.36019

2.8735

2.5133

0.36534

2.9076

2.5423

168.16

1220.3

1052.1



170.41

1220.3

1049.9



172.63

1220.3

1047.7



174.83

1220.3

1045.5



177.00

1220.3

1043.3



975 APPENDIX 2

Entropy, Btu/lbm·R 1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

1600

1100° F a i s p 0 0 0 0 , 0 4 0 0 0 1 5 2

3

1550 1000

0 0 0 2

0 0 0 1

0 5 0

1500 900

0 0 3 0 0 2

1450 8 0 0

0 0 1

700° F

m b l 1400 / u t B , y p l a 1350 h t n E

ia ps 5 0 0 2

6 0 0 0 1

1300 5 0 0

8

6 5

1250

4

4 0 0

3

i a p s 2

300

0 1.

s a t u l i n r a t i o e n

200 F °

x

= 0 .9 8 0 .9 6

2 0.

2.2

2.1

0 . 8 8

1050

0 . 8 6 0 . 8 4

2.0 1000

0 . 8

2 0 . 8 0

1.9 1.5

1150

1100

0 .9 0

1.4

5 0.

100

0 . 9 4 0 .9 2

1.3

1200

1.6

1.7

1.8

950

Entropy, Btu/lbm·R

FIGURE A–10E Mollier diagram for water. Source: Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G. Keyes, Philip G. Hill, and Joan G. Moore, Steam Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969).


TABLE A–11E Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, ft3 /lbm Sat. Temp., press., T °F P sat psia

Sat. liquid,

Sat. vapor,

v f

v g

40 35 30 25 20 15 10

7.432 8.581 9.869 11.306 12.906 14.680 16.642

0.01130 0.01136 0.01143 0.01150 0.01156 0.01163 0.01171

5.7796 5.0509 4.4300 3.8988 3.4426 3.0494 2.7091

5 0 5 10 15

18.806 21.185 23.793 26.646 29.759

0.01178 0.01185 0.01193 0.01201 0.01209

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

33.147 36.826 40.813 45.124 49.776 54.787 60.175 65.957

60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Internal energy, Btu/lbm Sat. liquid, u f

Evap., u fg

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm Sat. vapor, u g

Sat. liquid, h f

Entropy, Btu/lbm·R Sat. liquid, s f

Evap., s fg

Sat. vapor, s g

97.100 97.10 96.354 97.86 95.601 98.61 94.839 99.36 94.068 100.12 93.288 100.86 92.498 101.61

0.00000 0.00355 0.00708 0.01058 0.01405 0.01749 0.02092

0.23135 0.22687 0.22248 0.21817 0.21394 0.20978 0.20569

0.23135 0.23043 0.22956 0.22875 0.22798 0.22727 0.22660

Evap., h fg

Sat. vapor, h g

0.016 1.484 2.990 4.502 6.019 7.543 9.073

89.167 88.352 87.532 86.706 85.874 85.036 84.191

89.15 89.84 90.52 91.21 91.89 92.58 93.26

0.000 1.502 3.011 4.526 6.047 7.574 9.109

2.4137 2.1564 1.9316 1.7345 1.5612

10.609 12.152 13.702 15.259 16.823

83.339 82.479 81.610 80.733 79.846

93.95 94.63 95.31 95.99 96.67

10.650 12.199 13.755 15.318 16.889

91.698 90.886 90.062 89.226 88.377

102.35 103.08 103.82 104.54 105.27

0.02431 0.02769 0.03104 0.03438 0.03769

0.20166 0.19770 0.19380 0.18996 0.18617

0.22598 0.22539 0.22485 0.22434 0.22386

0.01217 0.01225 0.01234 0.01242 0.01251 0.01261 0.01270 0.01280

1.4084 1.2732 1.1534 1.0470 0.95205 0.86727 0.79136 0.72323

18.394 19.973 21.560 23.154 24.757 26.369 27.990 29.619

78.950 78.043 77.124 76.195 75.253 74.298 73.329 72.346

97.34 98.02 98.68 99.35 100.01 100.67 101.32 101.97

18.469 20.056 21.653 23.258 24.873 26.497 28.131 29.775

87.514 86.636 85.742 84.833 83.907 82.963 82.000 81.017

105.98 106.69 107.40 108.09 108.78 109.46 110.13 110.79

0.04098 0.04426 0.04752 0.05076 0.05398 0.05720 0.06039 0.06358

0.18243 0.17874 0.17509 0.17148 0.16791 0.16437 0.16087 0.15740

0.22341 0.22300 0.22260 0.22224 0.22189 0.22157 0.22127 0.22098

72.152 78.780 85.858 93.408 101.45 110.00 119.08

0.01290 0.01301 0.01312 0.01323 0.01334 0.01347 0.01359

0.66195 0.60671 0.55681 0.51165 0.47069 0.43348 0.39959

31.258 32.908 34.567 36.237 37.919 39.612 41.317

71.347 70.333 69.301 68.251 67.181 66.091 64.979

102.61 103.24 103.87 104.49 105.10 105.70 106.30

31.431 33.097 34.776 36.466 38.169 39.886 41.617

80.013 78.988 77.939 76.866 75.767 74.641 73.485

111.44 112.09 112.71 113.33 113.94 114.53 115.10

0.06675 0.06991 0.07306 0.07620 0.07934 0.08246 0.08559

0.15396 0.15053 0.14713 0.14375 0.14038 0.13703 0.13368

0.22070 0.22044 0.22019 0.21995 0.21972 0.21949 0.21926

95 100 105 110 115

128.72 138.93 149.73 161.16 173.23

0.01372 0.01386 0.01400 0.01415 0.01430

0.36869 0.34045 0.31460 0.29090 0.26913

43.036 44.768 46.514 48.276 50.054

63.844 62.683 61.496 60.279 59.031

106.88 107.45 108.01 108.56 109.08

43.363 45.124 46.902 48.698 50.512

72.299 71.080 69.825 68.533 67.200

115.66 116.20 116.73 117.23 117.71

0.08870 0.09182 0.09493 0.09804 0.10116

0.13033 0.12699 0.12365 0.12029 0.11693

0.21904 0.21881 0.21858 0.21834 0.21809

120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210

185.96 213.53 244.06 277.79 314.94 355.80 400.66 449.90 504.00 563.76

0.01446 0.01482 0.01521 0.01567 0.01619 0.01681 0.01759 0.01860 0.02009 0.02309

0.24909 0.21356 0.18315 0.15692 0.13410 0.11405 0.09618 0.07990 0.06441 0.04722

51.849 55.495 59.226 63.059 67.014 71.126 75.448 80.082 85.267 91.986

57.749 55.071 52.216 49.144 45.799 42.097 37.899 32.950 26.651 16.498

109.60 110.57 111.44 112.20 112.81 113.22 113.35 113.03 111.92 108.48

52.346 56.080 59.913 63.864 67.958 72.233 76.752 81.631 87.140 94.395

65.823 62.924 59.801 56.405 52.671 48.499 43.726 38.053 30.785 19.015

118.17 119.00 119.71 120.27 120.63 120.73 120.48 119.68 117.93 113.41

0.10428 0.11054 0.11684 0.12321 0.12970 0.13634 0.14323 0.15055 0.15867 0.16922

0.11354 0.10670 0.09971 0.09251 0.08499 0.07701 0.06835 0.05857 0.04666 0.02839

0.21782 0.21724 0.21655 0.21572 0.21469 0.21335 0.21158 0.20911 0.20533 0.19761

 





Source: Tables A–11E through A–13E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data , Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at 40°C (and 40°F).

977 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–12E Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume,

Internal energy,

Enthalpy,

Entropy,

ft3 /lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm

Btu/lbm·R

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Sat.

Press.,

temp.,

P psia

T °F

l iquid,

vapor,

liquid,

v f

v g

u f

53.09 29.52 14.15 2.43 7.17

0.01113 0.01144 0.01165 0.01182 0.01196

8.3785 4.3753 2.9880 2.2772 1.8429

3.918 3.135 7.803 11.401 14.377

91.280 87.453 84.893 82.898 81.231

87.36 90.59 92.70 94.30 95.61

30 35 40 45 50

15.37 22.57 29.01 34.86 40.23

0.01209 0.01221 0.01232 0.01242 0.01252

1.5492 1.3369 1.1760 1.0497 0.94791

16.939 19.205 21.246 23.110 24.832

79.780 78.485 77.307 76.221 75.209

55 60 65 70 75

45.20 49.84 54.20 58.30 62.19

0.01261 0.01270 0.01279 0.01287 0.01295

0.86400 0.79361 0.73370 0.68205 0.63706

26.435 27.939 29.357 30.700 31.979

80 85 90 95 100

65.89 69.41 72.78 76.02 79.12

0.01303 0.01310 0.01318 0.01325 0.01332

0.59750 0.56244 0.53113 0.50301 0.47760

110 120 130 140 150

85.00 90.49 95.64 100.51 105.12

0.01347 0.01360 0.01374 0.01387 0.01400

160 170 180 190 200

109.50 113.69 117.69 121.53 125.22

220 240 260 280 300 350 400 450 500

5 10 15 20 25

Sat.

Sat.

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

u fg

u g

h f 3.907 3.156 7.835 11.445 14.432

96.72 97.69 98.55 99.33 100.04

74.258 73.360 72.505 71.688 70.905

33.201 34.371 35.495 36.578 37.623

0.43347 0.39644 0.36491 0.33771 0.31401

0.01413 0.01426 0.01439 0.01452 0.01464

132.21 138.73 144.85 150.62 156.09 168.64 179.86 190.02 199.29



Sat.

Sat.

Evap.,

vapor,

liquid,

Evap.,

vapor,

h fg

h g

s f

s fg

s g

99.022 95.528 93.155 91.282 89.701

95.11 98.68 100.99 102.73 104.13



0.00945 0.00742 0.01808 0.02605 0.03249

0.24353 0.22206 0.20908 0.19962 0.19213

0.23408 0.22948 0.22715 0.22567 0.22462

17.006 19.284 21.337 23.214 24.948

88.313 87.064 85.920 84.858 83.863

105.32 106.35 107.26 108.07 108.81

0.03793 0.04267 0.04688 0.05067 0.05413

0.18589 0.18053 0.17580 0.17158 0.16774

0.22383 0.22319 0.22268 0.22225 0.22188

100.69 101.30 101.86 102.39 102.88

26.564 28.080 29.510 30.867 32.159

82.924 82.030 81.176 80.357 79.567

109.49 110.11 110.69 111.22 111.73

0.05733 0.06029 0.06307 0.06567 0.06813

0.16423 0.16098 0.15796 0.15512 0.15245

0.22156 0.22127 0.22102 0.22080 0.22059

70.151 69.424 68.719 68.035 67.371

103.35 103.79 104.21 104.61 104.99

33.394 34.577 35.715 36.811 37.869

78.804 78.064 77.345 76.645 75.962

112.20 112.64 113.06 113.46 113.83

0.07047 0.07269 0.07481 0.07684 0.07879

0.14993 0.14753 0.14525 0.14307 0.14097

0.22040 0.22022 0.22006 0.21991 0.21976

39.612 41.485 43.258 44.945 46.556

66.091 64.869 63.696 62.564 61.467

105.70 106.35 106.95 107.51 108.02

39.886 41.787 43.589 45.304 46.945

74.641 73.371 72.144 70.954 69.795

114.53 115.16 115.73 116.26 116.74

0.08246 0.08589 0.08911 0.09214 0.09501

0.13703 0.13335 0.12990 0.12665 0.12357

0.21949 0.21924 0.21901 0.21879 0.21857

0.29316 0.27466 0.25813 0.24327 0.22983

48.101 49.586 51.018 52.402 53.743

60.401 59.362 58.345 57.349 56.371

108.50 108.95 109.36 109.75 110.11

48.519 50.035 51.497 52.912 54.285

68.662 67.553 66.464 65.392 64.335

117.18 117.59 117.96 118.30 118.62

0.09774 0.10034 0.10284 0.10524 0.10754

0.12062 0.11781 0.11511 0.11250 0.10998

0.21836 0.21815 0.21795 0.21774 0.21753

0.01490 0.01516 0.01543 0.01570 0.01598

0.20645 0.18677 0.16996 0.15541 0.14266

56.310 58.746 61.071 63.301 65.452

54.458 52.591 50.757 48.945 47.143

110.77 111.34 111.83 112.25 112.60

56.917 59.419 61.813 64.115 66.339

62.256 60.213 58.192 56.184 54.176

119.17 119.63 120.00 120.30 120.52

0.11192 0.11603 0.11992 0.12362 0.12715

0.10517 0.10061 0.09625 0.09205 0.08797

0.21710 0.21665 0.21617 0.21567 0.21512

0.01672 0.01757 0.01860 0.01995

0.11664 0.09642 0.07987 0.06551

70.554 75.385 80.092 84.871

42.627 37.963 32.939 27.168

113.18 113.35 113.03 112.04

71.638 76.686 81.641 86.718

49.099 43.798 38.041 31.382

120.74 120.48 119.68 118.10

0.13542 0.14314 0.15056 0.15805

0.07814 0.06848 0.05854 0.04762

0.21356 0.21161 0.20911 0.20566





Sat.


TABLE A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a T °F

ft3 /lbm P

Sat. 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220





1.5492 1.5691 1.6528 1.7338 1.8130 1.8908 1.9675 2.0434 2.1185 2.1931 2.2671 2.3408 2.4141 2.4871 2.5598 P

Sat. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

10 psia (T sat

4.3753 4.4856 4.7135 4.9380 5.1600 5.3802 5.5989 5.8165 6.0331 6.2490 6.4642 6.6789 6.8930 7.1068 P

Sat. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280


v



0.7936 0.8179 0.8636 0.9072 0.9495 0.9908 1.0312 1.0709 1.1101 1.1489 1.1872 1.2252 1.2629 1.3004 1.3377

90.59 92.13 95.41 98.77 102.20 105.72 109.32 113.01 116.79 120.66 124.61 128.65 132.77 136.98

98.68 100.43 104.14 107.91 111.75 115.67 119.68 123.78 127.96 132.22 136.57 141.01 145.53 150.13

30 psia (T sat 96.72 97.56 101.17 104.82 108.53 112.30 116.15 120.08 124.08 128.16 132.32 136.57 140.89 145.30 149.78





0.22948 0.23350 0.24174 0.24976 0.25761 0.26531 0.27288 0.28033 0.28767 0.29490 0.30203 0.30908 0.31604 0.32292

15.37°F)

105.32 106.27 110.35 114.45 118.59 122.80 127.07 131.42 135.84 140.34 144.91 149.56 154.29 159.10 163.99

60 psia (T sat 101.30 103.31 107.23 111.16 115.14 119.16 123.25 127.41 131.63 135.93 140.30 144.75 149.27 153.87 158.54

29.52°F)

 

0.22383 0.22581 0.23414 0.24219 0.25002 0.25767 0.26517 0.27254 0.27979 0.28693 0.29398 0.30092 0.30778 0.31456 0.32126

49.84°F)

110.11 112.39 116.82 121.24 125.68 130.16 134.70 139.30 143.96 148.69 153.48 158.35 163.29 168.31 173.39

0.22127 0.22570 0.23407 0.24211 0.24991 0.25751 0.26496 0.27226 0.27943 0.28649 0.29344 0.30030 0.30707 0.31376 0.32037


ft3 /lbm

u Btu/lbm

P

15 psia (T sat

v



14.15°F)

 


v

ft3 /lbm P



20 psia (T sat

2.43°F)

 

2.9880

92.70

100.99

0.22715

2.2772

94.30

102.73

0.22567

3.1001 3.2551 3.4074 3.5577 3.7064 3.8540 4.0006 4.1464 4.2915 4.4361 4.5802 4.7239

95.08 98.48 101.95 105.50 109.13 112.84 116.63 120.51 124.48 128.53 132.66 136.88

103.68 107.52 111.41 115.38 119.42 123.54 127.74 132.02 136.39 140.84 145.37 149.99

0.23310 0.24127 0.24922 0.25700 0.26463 0.27212 0.27950 0.28677 0.29393 0.30100 0.30798 0.31487

2.2922 2.4130 2.5306 2.6461 2.7600 2.8726 2.9842 3.0950 3.2051 3.3146 3.4237 3.5324

94.72 98.19 101.70 105.28 108.93 112.66 116.47 120.37 124.35 128.41 132.55 136.78

103.20 107.12 111.07 115.07 119.15 123.29 127.52 131.82 136.21 140.67 145.22 149.85

0.22671 0.23504 0.24311 0.25097 0.25866 0.26621 0.27363 0.28093 0.28812 0.29521 0.30221 0.30912

P



40 psia (T sat



29.01°F)

P



50 psia (T sat



40.23°F)

1.1760

98.55

107.26

0.22268

0.9479

100.04

108.81

0.22188

1.2126 1.2768 1.3389 1.3995 1.4588 1.5173 1.5750 1.6321 1.6887 1.7449 1.8007 1.8562 1.9114

100.61 104.34 108.11 111.93 115.82 119.78 123.81 127.91 132.10 136.36 140.70 145.12 149.61

109.58 113.79 118.02 122.29 126.62 131.01 135.47 140.00 144.60 149.27 154.03 158.86 163.76

0.22738 0.23565 0.24363 0.25140 0.25900 0.26644 0.27375 0.28095 0.28803 0.29501 0.30190 0.30871 0.31543

1.0019 1.0540 1.1043 1.1534 1.2015 1.2488 1.2955 1.3416 1.3873 1.4326 1.4776 1.5223

103.84 107.68 111.55 115.48 119.47 123.53 127.66 131.87 136.15 140.50 144.93 149.44

113.11 117.43 121.77 126.16 130.59 135.09 139.65 144.28 148.98 153.76 158.60 163.53

0.23031 0.23847 0.24637 0.25406 0.26159 0.26896 0.27621 0.28333 0.29036 0.29728 0.30411 0.31086

P



0.6821 0.6857 0.7271 0.7662 0.8037 0.8401 0.8756 0.9105 0.9447 0.9785 1.0118 1.0449 1.0776 1.1101 1.1424

70 psia (T sat 102.39 102.73 106.76 110.76 114.78 118.85 122.97 127.15 131.40 135.71 140.10 144.56 149.10 153.71 158.39



58.30°F)

111.22 111.62 116.18 120.68 125.19 129.73 134.31 138.94 143.63 148.39 153.21 158.10 163.06 168.09 173.19

0.22080 0.22155 0.23016 0.23836 0.24628 0.25398 0.26149 0.26885 0.27607 0.28317 0.29015 0.29704 0.30384 0.31055 0.31718

P



80 psia (T sat



65.89°F)

0.59750

103.35 112.20 0.22040

0.62430 0.66009 0.69415 0.72698 0.75888 0.79003 0.82059 0.85065 0.88030 0.90961 0.93861 0.96737 0.99590

106.26 110.34 114.42 118.52 122.68 126.89 131.16 135.49 139.90 144.37 148.92 153.54 158.24

115.51 120.11 124.69 129.29 133.91 138.58 143.31 148.09 152.93 157.84 162.82 167.86 172.98

0.22661 0.23499 0.24304 0.25083 0.25841 0.26583 0.27310 0.28024 0.28726 0.29418 0.30100 0.30773 0.31438

979 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–13E Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded ) T °F

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P

Sat. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

0.53113 0.54388 0.57729 0.60874 0.63885 0.66796 0.69629 0.72399 0.75119 0.77796 0.80437 0.83048 0.85633 0.88195 P

Sat. 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360



0.33771 0.36243 0.38551 0.40711 0.42766 0.44743 0.46657 0.48522 0.50345 0.52134 0.53895 0.55630 0.57345 0.59041 P

Sat. 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360





0.22983 0.24541 0.26412 0.28115 0.29704 0.31212 0.32658 0.34054 0.35410 0.36733 0.38029 0.39300 0.40552

h Btu/lbm

90 psia (T sat 104.21 105.74 109.91 114.04 118.19 122.38 126.62 130.92 135.27 139.69 144.19 148.75 153.38 158.08





0.22006 0.22330 0.23189 0.24008 0.24797 0.25563 0.26311 0.27043 0.27762 0.28468 0.29162 0.29847 0.30522 0.31189

100.50°F)

116.26 121.35 126.40 131.36 136.30 141.24 146.21 151.21 156.26 161.35 166.50 171.71 176.98 182.32

200 psia (T sat 110.11 113.85 118.66 123.35 128.00 132.64 137.30 141.99 146.72 151.50 156.33 161.22 166.17

72.78°F)

113.06 114.80 119.52 124.18 128.83 133.51 138.22 142.97 147.78 152.65 157.58 162.58 167.64 172.77

140 psia (T sat 107.51 111.96 116.41 120.81 125.22 129.65 134.12 138.64 143.21 147.85 152.54 157.30 162.13 167.02



s Btu/ lbm·R

0.21879 0.22773 0.23628 0.24443 0.25227 0.25988 0.26730 0.27455 0.28166 0.28864 0.29551 0.30228 0.30896 0.31555

125.22°F)

118.62 122.93 128.44 133.76 138.99 144.19 149.38 154.59 159.82 165.09 170.40 175.77 181.18

0.21753 0.22481 0.23384 0.24229 0.25035 0.25812 0.26565 0.27298 0.28015 0.28718 0.29408 0.30087 0.30756

u Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P



100 psia (T sat

0.47760 0.47906 0.51076 0.54022 0.56821 0.59513 0.62122 0.64667 0.67158 0.69605 0.72016 0.74396 0.76749 0.79079 P





104.99 105.18 109.45 113.66 117.86 122.08 126.35 130.67 135.05 139.49 143.99 148.57 153.21 157.93

108.50 111.01 115.62 120.13 124.62 129.12 133.64 138.20 142.81 147.48 152.20 156.98 161.83 166.74







0.21976 0.22016 0.22900 0.23733 0.24534 0.25309 0.26063 0.26801 0.27523 0.28233 0.28931 0.29618 0.30296 0.30964

109.50°F)

117.18 120.06 125.32 130.43 135.49 140.52 145.55 150.62 155.71 160.85 166.04 171.28 176.58 181.94

300 psia (T sat

s Btu/ lbm·R

79.12°F)

113.83 114.05 118.90 123.65 128.37 133.09 137.85 142.64 147.47 152.37 157.32 162.34 167.42 172.56

160 psia (T sat

0.29316 0.30578 0.32774 0.34790 0.36686 0.38494 0.40234 0.41921 0.43564 0.45171 0.46748 0.48299 0.49828 0.51338 P

h Btu/lbm

0.21836 0.22337 0.23230 0.24069 0.24871 0.25645 0.26397 0.27131 0.27849 0.28554 0.29246 0.29927 0.30598 0.31260

156.09°F)

u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

v

ft3 /lbm P



120 psia (T sat



s Btu/ lbm·R

90.49°F)

0.39644 106.35

115.16 0.21924

0.41013 0.43692 0.46190 0.48563 0.50844 0.53054 0.55206 0.57312 0.59379 0.61413 0.63420 0.65402

117.59 122.54 127.41 132.25 137.09 141.95 146.85 151.80 156.79 161.85 166.96 172.14

P



180 psia (T sat

0.25813 0.26083 0.28231 0.30154 0.31936 0.33619 0.35228 0.36779 0.38284 0.39751 0.41186 0.42594 0.43980 0.45347 P



108.48 112.84 117.15 121.46 125.79 130.17 134.59 139.07 143.61 148.21 152.88 157.62

109.36 109.94 114.77 119.42 124.00 128.57 133.15 137.76 142.40 147.10 151.85 156.66 161.53 166.46



117.69°F)

117.96 118.63 124.17 129.46 134.64 139.77 144.88 150.01 155.16 160.34 165.57 170.85 176.18 181.56

400 psia (T sat



0.22362 0.23232 0.24058 0.24851 0.25619 0.26368 0.27100 0.27817 0.28521 0.29214 0.29896 0.30569

0.21795 0.21910 0.22850 0.23718 0.24540 0.25330 0.26094 0.26837 0.27562 0.28273 0.28970 0.29656 0.30331 0.30996

179.86°F)

0.14266

112.60

120.52

0.21512 0.09642 113.35

120.48 0.21161

0.14656 0.16355 0.17776 0.19044 0.20211 0.21306 0.22347 0.23346 0.24310 0.25246 0.26159

113.82 119.52 124.78 129.85 134.83 139.77 144.70 149.65 154.63 159.64 164.70

121.95 128.60 134.65 140.42 146.05 151.59 157.11 162.61 168.12 173.66 179.22

0.21745 0.22802 0.23733 0.24594 0.25410 0.26192 0.26947 0.27681 0.28398 0.29098 0.29786

120.56 128.99 135.88 142.20 148.25 154.14 159.94 165.70 171.44 177.18

0.09658 0.11440 0.12746 0.13853 0.14844 0.15756 0.16611 0.17423 0.18201 0.18951

113.41 120.52 126.44 131.95 137.26 142.48 147.65 152.80 157.97 163.15

0.21173 0.22471 0.23500 0.24418 0.25270 0.26077 0.26851 0.27599 0.28326 0.29035


–20 3000

20

2000

0

5 8

0

5 9

60

9

8

3 t3 f /

m b l l 5

100 5 66

0 7

7

1000

0 5 6 5

140 55 0

4 4 5

4 0

180 3 5

3 0

2 2 4

220

1 8 t y = 1 D e n s i

2

0

8

3

2000

1 2 9.6

1000

l b m / f t 3

2

1

260 3000

7. 2

0

R-134a T T

400

4.8

1

4

= =

3.6

0

1 1

1.8

100

0.96 0. 72

2 0

0.36 0

0 0 2 . 0 0 0

.

6 0 -

10 T = -

1 0 0

°

F

2

4 0 . 0

6 0 . 0

8 0 . 0

0 1 . 0

4 2 1 1 . . 0 0

0.18 6 8 1 . 1 . 0 0

d i u q i l

d e t a r

u t a s

1 . 0

2 . 0

3 . 0

4 . 0

5 . 0

6 . 0

7 . 0

8 . 0

0 2 . 0

2 4 2 . 2 6 0 0 . 2 .

0

r u o p a v d 9 . e t 0 0 a 0 2 r 6 u t a s

R · m b l / 2 28 B t B u 0 3 . 0 0. 3 . 0 0 =

4 3 . 0

s 0

0 0 0 0 2 6 1

0 8 4 1 1

20

60

100

0 0 2 6 2 2

6 3 . 0

0.096

8 3 . 0

0 4 .

°

0 0 3

=

0 4 3

T

0

8 3

0 2 4

2 4 . 0 0 = =

180

10

0.0 72 2 4 . 0.048 0 0 0 0

0

F

s

140

20

0.12

-

1 –20

40

0.24

2

.

100

0. 48

-

4 2 0 0 . 0 0 - -

200

1.2

6 0

a i s p , e r u s s 40 e r P

4

2. 4

F

°

200

20

0 0 0

400

0 0

0 6 4

5

4 8 5 5

0.036

2 6

4

0.024

4 4 . 0

220

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

FIGURE A–14E P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a. Reprinted by permission of American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

0.018

6 4 0.

2

0.012

1 260

981 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–16E Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude Altitude, ft 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 18,000 19,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30,000 32,000 34,000 36,000 38,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000

Temperature, °F 59.00 57.22 55.43 53.65 51.87 50.09 48.30 46.52 44.74 42.96 41.17 39.39 37.61 35.83 34.05 32.26 30.48 28.70 26.92 25.14 23.36 19.79 16.23 12.67 9.12 5.55 1.99 1.58 5.14 8.70 12.2 19.4 26.5 33.6 40.7 47.8 54.9 62.0 69.2 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.7 69.7

Pressure, psia 14.7 14.4 14.2 13.9 13.7 13.4 13.2 12.9 12.7 12.5 12.2 12.0 11.8 11.6 11.3 11.1 10.9 10.7 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.72 9.34 8.99 8.63 8.29 7.97 7.65 7.34 7.05 6.76 6.21 5.70 5.22 4.78 4.37 3.99 3.63 3.30 3.05 2.73 2.148 1.691 1.332 1.048

Gravity, g , ft/s2

Speed of sound, ft/s

32.174 32.173 32.171 32.169 32.168 32.166 32.165 32.163 32.162 32.160 32.159 32.157 32.156 32.154 32.152 32.151 32.149 32.148 32.146 32.145 32.145 32.140 32.137 32.134 32.131 32.128 32.125 32.122 32.119 32.115 32.112 32.106 32.100 32.094 32.088 32.082 32.08 32.07 32.06 32.06 32.05 32.04 32.02 32.00 31.99

1116 1115 1113 1111 1109 1107 1105 1103 1101 1099 1097 1095 1093 1091 1089 1087 1085 1083 1081 1079 1077 1073 1069 1065 1061 1057 1053 1049 1045 1041 1037 1029 1020 1012 1003 995 987 978 969 968 968 968 968 968 968

Density, lbm/ft 3

m,

0.07647 0.07536 0.07426 0.07317 0.07210 0.07104 0.06998 0.06985 0.06792 0.06690 0.06590 0.06491 0.06393 0.06296 0.06200 0.06105 0.06012 0.05919 0.05828 0.05738 0.05648 0.05473 0.05302 0.05135 0.04973 0.04814 0.04659 0.04508 0.04361 0.04217 0.04077 0.03808 0.03553 0.03311 0.03082 0.02866 0.02661 0.02468 0.02285 0.02079 0.01890 0.01487 0.01171 0.00922 0.00726

1.202 1.199 1.196 1.193 1.190 1.186 1.183 1.180 1.177 1.173 1.170 1.167 1.164 1.160 1.157 1.154 1.150 1.147 1.144 1.140 1.137 1.130 1.124 1.117 1.110 1.104 1.097 1.090 1.083 1.076 1.070 1.056 1.042 1.028 1.014 1.000 0.986 0.971 0.956 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955

Thermal conductivity, Btu/h·ft·R

Viscosity lbm/ft·s 5

 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



 10



5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

0.0146 0.0146 0.0146 0.0145 0.0145 0.0144 0.0144 0.0143 0.0143 0.0142 0.0142 0.0141 0.0141 0.0141 0.0140 0.0140 0.0139 0.0139 0.0138 0.0138 0.0137 0.0136 0.0136 0.0135 0.0134 0.0133 0.0132 0.0132 0.0130 0.0129 0.0128 0.0126 0.0124 0.0122 0.0121 0.0119 0.0117 0.0115 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113 0.0113

Source: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Based on year-round mean conditions at 45° latitude and varies with the time of the year and the weather patterns. The conditions at sea level (z  0) are taken to be P  14.696 psia, T  59°F, r  0.076474 lbm/ft 3, g  32.1741 ft 2 /s.


TABLE A–17E Ideal-gas properties of air T R

h Btu/lbm

P r

v r

s° Btu/lbm·R

T R

360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 537 540

85.97 90.75 95.53 100.32 105.11 109.90 114.69 119.48 124.27 128.10 129.06

0.3363 0.4061 0.4858 0.5760 0.6776 0.7913 0.9182 1.0590 1.2147 1.3593 1.3860

61.29 64.70 68.11 71.52 74.93 78.36 81.77 85.20 88.62 91.53 92.04

396.6 346.6 305.0 270.1 240.6 215.33 193.65 174.90 158.58 146.34 144.32

0.50369 0.51663 0.52890 0.54058 0.55172 0.56235 0.57255 0.58233 0.59173 0.59945 0.60078

1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

395.74 409.13 422.59 436.12 449.71 463.37 477.09 490.88 504.71 518.71 532.55

71.13 80.89 90.95 101.98 114.0 127.2 141.5 157.1 174.0 192.3 212.1

286.06 296.03 306.06 316.16 326.32 336.55 346.85 357.20 367.61 378.08 388.60

8.263 7.556 6.924 6.357 5.847 5.388 4.974 4.598 4.258 3.949 3.667

0.87130 0.87954 0.88758 0.89542 0.90308 0.91056 0.91788 0.92504 0.93205 0.93891 0.94564

560 580 600 620 640

133.86 138.66 143.47 148.28 153.09

1.5742 95.47 1.7800 98.90 2.005 102.34 2.249 105.78 2.514 109.21

131.78 120.70 110.88 102.12 94.30

0.60950 0.61793 0.62607 0.63395 0.64159

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

546.54 560.59 574.69 588.82 603.00

223.5 256.6 281.4 308.1 336.8

399.17 409.78 420.46 431.16 441.91

3.410 3.176 2.961 2.765 2.585

0.95222 0.95919 0.96501 0.97123 0.97732

660 680 700 720 740

157.92 162.73 167.56 172.39 177.23

2.801 3.111 3.446 3.806 4.193

112.67 116.12 119.58 123.04 126.51

87.27 80.96 75.25 70.07 65.38

0.64902 0.65621 0.66321 0.67002 0.67665

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

617.22 631.48 645.78 660.12 674.49

367.6 400.5 435.7 473.3 513.5

452.70 463.54 474.40 485.31 496.26

2.419 2.266 2.125 1.996 1.876

0.98331 0.98919 0.99497 1.00064 1.00623

760 780 800 820 840

182.08 186.94 191.81 196.69 201.56

4.607 5.051 5.526 6.033 6.573

129.99 133.47 136.97 140.47 143.98

61.10 57.20 53.63 50.35 47.34

0.68312 0.68942 0.69558 0.70160 0.70747

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

688.90 703.35 717.83 732.33 746.88

556.3 601.9 650.4 702.0 756.7

507.25 518.26 529.31 540.40 551.52

1.765 1.662 1.566 1.478 1.395

1.01172 1.01712 1.02244 1.02767 1.03282

860 880 900 920 940

206.46 211.35 216.26 221.18 226.11

7.149 7.761 8.411 9.102 9.834

147.50 151.02 154.57 158.12 161.68

44.57 42.01 39.64 37.44 35.41

0.71323 0.71886 0.72438 0.72979 0.73509

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

761.45 776.05 790.68 805.34 820.03

814.8 876.4 941.4 1011 1083

562.66 573.84 585.04 596.28 607.53

1.318 1.247 1.180 1.118 1.060

1.03788 1.04288 1.04779 1.05264 1.05741

960 980 1000 1040 1080

231.06 236.02 240.98 250.95 260.97

10.61 11.43 12.30 14.18 16.28

165.26 168.83 172.43 179.66 186.93

33.52 31.76 30.12 27.17 24.58

0.74030 0.74540 0.75042 0.76019 0.76964

3150 3200 3250 3300 3350

834.75 849.48 864.24 879.02 893.83

1161 1242 1328 1418 1513

618.82 630.12 641.46 652.81 664.20

1.006 0.955 0.907 0.8621 0.8202

1.06212 1.06676 1.07134 1.07585 1.08031

1120 1160 1200 1240 1280

271.03 281.14 291.30 301.52 311.79

18.60 21.18 24.01 27.13 30.55

194.25 201.63 209.05 216.53 224.05

22.30 20.29 18.51 16.93 15.52

0.77880 0.78767 0.79628 0.80466 0.81280

3400 3450 3500 3550 3600

908.66 923.52 938.40 953.30 968.21

1613 1719 1829 1946 2068

675.60 687.04 698.48 709.95 721.44

0.7807 0.7436 0.7087 0.6759 0.6449

1.08470 1.08904 1.09332 1.09755 1.10172

1320 1360 1400 1440 1480

322.11 332.48 342.90 353.37 363.89

34.31 38.41 42.88 47.75 53.04

231.63 239.25 246.93 254.66 262.44

14.25 13.12 12.10 11.17 10.34

0.82075 0.82848 0.83604 0.84341 0.85062

3650 983.15 3700 998.11 3750 1013.1 3800 1028.1 3850 1043.1

2196 2330 2471 2618 2773

732.95 744.48 756.04 767.60 779.19

0.6157 0.5882 0.5621 0.5376 0.5143

1.10584 1.10991 1.11393 1.11791 1.12183

1520 374.47 1560 385.08

58.78 65.00

270.26 278.13

0.85767 0.86456

3900 1058.1 3950 1073.2

2934 3103

790.80 802.43

0.4923 1.12571 0.4715 1.12955

u Btu/lbm

9.578 8.890

h Btu/lbm

P r

u Btu/lbm

v r

s° Btu/lbm·R

983 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–17E Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded ) T R

h Btu/lbm

P r

u Btu/lbm

v r

s° Btu/lbm·R

4000

1088.3

3280

814.06

0.4518

1.13334

4050 4100 4150 4200 4300

1103.4 1118.5 1133.6 1148.7 1179.0

3464 3656 3858 4067 4513

825.72 837.40 849.09 860.81 884.28

0.4331 0.4154 0.3985 0.3826 0.3529

4400 4500

1209.4 1239.9

4997 5521

907.81 931.39

0.3262 0.3019

T R

h Btu/lbm

P r

u Btu/lbm

v r

4600

1270.4

6089

955.04

0.2799

1.17575

1.13709 1.14079 1.14446 1.14809 1.15522

4700 4800 4900 5000 5100

1300.9 1331.5 1362.2 1392.9 1423.6

6701 7362 8073 8837 9658

978.73 1002.5 1026.3 1050.1 1074.0

0.2598 0.2415 0.2248 0.2096 0.1956

1.18232 1.18876 1.19508 1.20129 1.20738

1.16221 1.16905

5200 5300

1454.4 1485.3

10,539 11,481

1098.0 1122.0

0.1828 0.1710

1.21336 1.21923

s° Btu/lbm·R

Note: The properties P r (relative pressure) and v r (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume. Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 832–33, Table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).


TABLE A–18E Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N 2 _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

300 320 340 360 380

2,082.0 2,221.0 2,360.0 2,498.9 2,638.0

1,486.2 1,585.5 1,684.4 1,784.0 1,883.4

41.695 42.143 42.564 42.962 43.337

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

7,551.0 7,695.0 7,839.3 7,984.0 8,129.0

5,406.2 5,510.5 5,615.2 5,720.1 5,825.4

50.651 50.783 50.912 51.040 51.167

400 420 440 460 480

2,777.0 2,916.1 3,055.1 3,194.1 3,333.1

1,982.6 2,082.0 2,181.3 2,280.6 2,379.9

43.694 44.034 44.357 44.665 44.962

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

8,274.4 8,420.0 8,566.1 8,712.6 8,859.3

5,931.0 6,037.0 6,143.4 6,250.1 6,357.2

51.291 51.143 51.534 51.653 51.771

500 520 537 540 560

3,472.2 3,611.3 3,729.5 3,750.3 3,889.5

2,479.3 2,578.6 2,663.1 2,678.0 2,777.4

45.246 45.519 45.743 45.781 46.034

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

9,006.4 9,153.9 9,301.8 9,450.0 9,598.6

6,464.5 6,572.3 6,680.4 6,788.9 6,897.8

51.887 51.001 52.114 52.225 52.335

580 600 620 640 660

4,028.7 4,167.9 4,307.1 4,446.4 4,585.8

2,876.9 2,976.4 3,075.9 3,175.5 3,275.2

46.278 46.514 46.742 46.964 47.178

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

9,747.5 9,896.9 10,046.6 10,196.6 10,347.0

7,007.0 7,116.7 7,226.7 7,337.0 7,447.6

52.444 52.551 52.658 52.763 52.867

680 700 720 740 760

4,725.3 4,864.9 5,004.5 5,144.3 5,284.1

3,374.9 3,474.8 3,574.7 3,674.7 3,774.9

47.386 47.588 47.785 47.977 48.164

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

10,497.8 10,648.0 10,800.4 10,952.2 11,104.3

7,558.7 7,670.1 7,781.9 7,893.9 8,006.4

52.969 53.071 53.171 53.271 53.369

780 800 820 840 860

5,424.2 5,564.4 5,704.7 5,845.3 5,985.9

3,875.2 3,975.7 4,076.3 4,177.1 4,278.1

48.345 48.522 48.696 48.865 49.031

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

11,256.9 11,409.7 11,562.8 11,716.4 11,870.2

8,119.2 8,232.3 8,345.7 8,459.6 8,573.6

53.465 53.561 53.656 53.751 53.844

880 900 920 940 960

6,126.9 6,268.1 6,409.6 6,551.2 6,693.1

4,379.4 4,480.8 4,582.6 4,684.5 4,786.7

49.193 49.352 49.507 49.659 49.808

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

12,024.3 12,178.9 12,333.7 12,488.8 12,644.3

8,688.1 8,802.9 8,918.0 9,033.4 9,149.2

53.936 54.028 54.118 54.208 54.297

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

6,835.4 6,977.9 7,120.7 7,263.8 7,407.2

4,889.3 4,992.0 5,095.1 5,198.5 5,302.2

49.955 50.099 50.241 50.380 50.516

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

12,800.2 12,956.3 13,112.7 13,269.5 13,426.5

9,265.3 9,381.7 9,498.4 9,615.5 9,732.8

54.385 54.472 54.559 54.645 54.729

985 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–18E Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N 2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol·R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

13,742 14,058 14,375 14,694 15,013

9,968 10,205 10,443 10,682 10,923

54.896 55.061 55.223 55.383 55.540

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

27,016 27,359 27,703 28,046 28,391

20,065 20,329 20,593 20,858 21,122

59.944 60.041 60.138 60.234 60.328

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

15,334 15,656 15,978 16,302 16,626

11,164 11,406 11,649 11,893 12,138

55.694 55.846 55.995 56.141 56.286

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

28,735 29,080 29,425 29,771 30,117

21,387 21,653 21,919 22,185 22,451

60.422 60.515 60.607 60.698 60.788

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

16,951 17,277 17,604 17,392 18,260

12,384 12,630 12,878 13,126 13,375

56.429 56.570 56.708 56.845 56.980

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

30,463 30,809 31,156 31,503 31,850

22,718 22,985 23,252 23,520 23,788

60.877 60.966 61.053 61.139 61.225

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

18,590 18,919 19,250 19,582 19,914

13,625 13,875 14,127 14,379 14,631

57.112 57.243 57.372 57.499 57.625

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

32,198 32,546 32,894 33,242 33,591

24,056 24,324 24,593 24,862 25,131

61.310 61.395 61.479 61.562 61.644

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

20,246 20,580 20,914 21,248 21,584

14,885 15,139 15,393 15,648 15,905

57.750 57.872 57.993 58.113 58.231

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

33,940 34,289 34,638 34,988 35,338

25,401 25,670 25,940 26,210 26,481

61.726 61.806 61.887 61.966 62.045

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

21,920 22,256 22,593 22,930 23,268

16,161 16,417 16,675 16,933 17,192

58.348 58.463 58.576 58.688 58.800

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

35,688 36,038 36,389 36,739 37,090

26,751 27,022 27,293 27,565 27,836

62.123 62.201 62.278 62.354 62.429

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

23,607 23,946 24,285 24,625 24,965

17,451 17,710 17,970 18,231 18,491

58.910 59.019 59.126 59.232 59.338

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

37,441 37,792 38,144 38,495 38,847

28,108 28,379 28,651 28,924 29,196

62.504 62.578 62.652 62.725 62.798

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

25,306 25,647 25,989 26,331 26,673

18,753 19,014 19,277 19,539 19,802

59.442 59.544 59.646 59.747 59.846

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

39,199 40,080 40,962 41,844 42,728

29,468 30,151 30,834 31,518 32,203

62.870 63.049 63.223 63.395 63.563

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

Source: Tables A–18E through A–23E are adapted from Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics , 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 834–44. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1945).


TABLE A–19E Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O 2 _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

300 320 340 360 380

2,073.5 2,212.6 2,351.7 2,490.8 2,630.0

1,477.8 1,577.1 1,676.5 1,775.9 1,875.3

44.927 45.375 45.797 46.195 46.571

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

7,696.8 7,850.4 8,004.5 8,159.1 8,314.2

5,552.1 5,665.9 5,780.3 5,895.2 6,010.6

54.064 54.204 54.343 54.480 54.614

400 420 440 460 480

2,769.1 2,908.3 3,047.5 3,186.9 3,326.5

1,974.8 2,074.3 2,173.8 2,273.4 2,373.3

46.927 47.267 47.591 47.900 48.198

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

8,469.8 8,625.8 8,782.4 8,939.4 9,096.7

6,126.5 6,242.8 6,359.6 6,476.9 6,594.5

54.748 54.879 55.008 55.136 55.262

500 520 537 540 560

3,466.2 3,606.1 3,725.1 3,746.2 3,886.6

2,473.2 2,573.4 2,658.7 2,673.8 2,774.5

48.483 48.757 48.982 49.021 49.276

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

9,254.6 9,412.9 9,571.9 9,730.7 9,890.2

6,712.7 6,831.3 6,950.2 7,069.6 7,189.4

55.386 55.508 55.630 55.750 55.867

580 600 620 640 660

4,027.3 4,168.3 4,309.7 4,451.4 4,593.5

2,875.5 2,976.8 3,078.4 3,180.4 3,282.9

49.522 49.762 49.993 50.218 50.437

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

10,050.1 10,210.4 10,371.0 10,532.0 10,693.3

7,309.6 7,430.1 7,551.1 7,672.4 7,793.9

55.984 56.099 56.213 56.326 56.437

680 700 720 740 760

4,736.2 4,879.3 5,022.9 5,167.0 5,311.4

3,385.8 3,489.2 3,593.1 3,697.4 3,802.4

50.650 50.858 51.059 51.257 51.450

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

10,855.1 11,017.1 11,179.6 11,342.4 11,505.4

7,916.0 8,038.3 8,161.1 8,284.2 8,407.4

56.547 56.656 56.763 56.869 56.975

780 800 820 840 860

5,456.4 5,602.0 5,748.1 5,894.8 6,041.9

3,907.5 4,013.3 4,119.7 4,226.6 4,334.1

51.638 51.821 52.002 52.179 52.352

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

11,668.8 11,832.5 11,996.6 12,160.9 12,325.5

8,531.1 8,655.1 8,779.5 8,904.1 9,029.0

57.079 57.182 57.284 57.385 57.484

880 900 920 940 960

6,189.6 6,337.9 6,486.7 6,636.1 6,786.0

4,442.0 4,550.6 4,659.7 4,769.4 4,879.5

52.522 52.688 52.852 53.012 53.170

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

12,490.4 12,655.6 12,821.1 12,986.9 13,153.0

9,154.1 9,279.6 9,405.4 9,531.5 9,657.9

57.582 57.680 57.777 57.873 57.968

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

6,936.4 7,087.5 7,238.9 7,391.0 7,543.6

4,990.3 5,101.6 5,213.3 5,325.7 5,438.6

53.326 53.477 53.628 53.775 53.921

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

13,319.2 13,485.8 13,652.5 13,819.6 13,986.8

9,784.4 9,911.2 10,038.2 10,165.6 10,293.1

58.062 58.155 58.247 58.339 58.428

987 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–19E Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O 2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol·R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

14,322 14,658 14,995 15,333 15,672

10,549 10,806 11,063 11,321 11,581

58.607 58.782 58.954 59.123 59.289

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

28,273 28,633 28,994 29,354 29,716

21,323 21,603 21,884 22,165 22,447

63.914 64.016 64.114 64.217 64.316

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

16,011 16,351 16,692 17,036 17,376

11,841 12,101 12,363 12,625 12,888

59.451 59.612 59.770 59.926 60.077

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

30,078 30,440 30,803 31,166 31,529

22,730 23,013 23,296 23,580 23,864

64.415 64.512 64.609 64.704 64.800

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

17,719 18,062 18,407 18,572 19,097

13,151 13,416 13,680 13,946 14,212

60.228 60.376 60.522 60.666 60.808

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

31,894 32,258 32,623 32,989 33,355

24,149 24,434 24,720 25,006 25,292

64.893 64.986 65.078 65.169 65.260

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

19,443 19,790 20,138 20,485 20,834

14,479 14,746 15,014 15,282 15,551

60.946 61.084 61.220 61.354 61.486

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

33,722 34,089 34,456 34,824 35,192

25,580 25,867 26,155 26,144 26,733

65.350 64.439 65.527 65.615 65.702

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

21,183 21,533 21,883 22,232 22,584

15,821 16,091 16,362 16,633 16,905

61.616 61.744 61.871 61.996 62.120

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

35,561 35,930 36,300 36,670 37,041

27,022 27,312 27,602 27,823 28,184

65.788 65.873 65.958 66.042 66.125

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

22,936 23,288 23,641 23,994 24,348

17,177 17,450 17,723 17,997 18,271

62.242 62.363 62.483 62.599 62.716

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

37,412 37,783 38,155 38,528 38,900

28,475 28,768 29,060 29,353 29,646

66.208 66.290 66.372 66.453 66.533

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

24,703 25,057 25,413 25,769 26,175

18,546 18,822 19,098 19,374 19,651

62.831 62.945 63.057 63.169 63.279

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

39,274 39,647 40,021 40,396 40,771

29,940 30,234 30,529 30,824 31,120

66.613 66.691 66.770 66.848 66.925

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

26,412 26,839 27,197 27,555 27,914

19,928 20,206 20,485 20,763 21,043

63.386 63.494 63.601 63.706 63.811

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

41,146 42,086 43,021 43,974 44,922

31,415 32,157 32,901 33,648 34,397

67.003 67.193 67.380 67.562 67.743

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R


TABLE A–20E Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO 2 _ _ _ T h u s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol·R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

300 320 340 360 380

2,108.2 2,256.6 2,407.3 2,560.5 2,716.4

1,512.4 1,621.1 1,732.1 1,845.6 1,961.8

46.353 46.832 47.289 47.728 48.148

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

9,575.8 9,802.6 10,030.6 10,260.1 10,490.6

7,431.1 7,618.1 7,806.4 7,996.2 8,187.0

58.072 58.281 58.485 58.689 58.889

400 420 440 460 480

2,874.7 3,035.7 3,199.4 3,365.7 3,534.7

2,080.4 2,201.7 2,325.6 2,452.2 2,581.5

48.555 48.947 49.329 49.698 50.058

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

10,722.3 10,955.3 11,189.4 11,424.6 11,661.0

8,379.0 8,572.3 8,766.6 8,962.1 9,158.8

59.088 59.283 59.477 59.668 59.858

500 520 537 540 560

3,706.2 3,880.3 4,027.5 4,056.8 4,235.8

2,713.3 2,847.7 2,963.8 2,984.4 3,123.7

50.408 50.750 51.032 51.082 51.408

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

11,898.4 12,136.9 12,376.4 12,617.0 12,858.5

9,356.5 9,555.3 9,755.0 9,955.9 10,157.7

60.044 60.229 60.412 60.593 60.772

580 600 620 640 660

4,417.2 4,600.9 4,786.6 4,974.9 5,165.2

3,265.4 3,409.4 3,555.6 3,704.0 3,854.6

51.726 52.038 52.343 52.641 52.934

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

13,101.0 13,344.7 13,589.1 13,834.5 14,080.8

10,360.5 10,564.5 10,769.2 10,974.8 11,181.4

60.949 61.124 61.298 61.469 61.639

680 700 720 740 760

5,357.6 5,552.0 5,748.4 5,946.8 6,147.0

4,007.2 4,161.9 4,318.6 4,477.3 4,637.9

53.225 53.503 53.780 54.051 54.319

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

14,328.0 14,576.0 14,824.9 15,074.7 15,325.3

11,388.9 11,597.2 11,806.4 12,016.5 12,227.3

61.800 61.974 62.138 62.302 62.464

780 800 820 840 860

6,349.1 6,552.9 6,758.3 6,965.7 7,174.7

4,800.1 4,964.2 5,129.9 5,297.6 5,466.9

54.582 54.839 55.093 55.343 55.589

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

15,576.7 15,829.0 16,081.9 16,335.7 16,590.2

12,439.0 12,651.6 12,864.8 13,078.9 13,293.7

62.624 62.783 62.939 63.095 63.250

880 900 920 940 960

7,385.3 7,597.6 7,811.4 8,026.8 8,243.8

5,637.7 5,810.3 5,984.4 6,160.1 6,337.4

55.831 56.070 56.305 56.536 56.765

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

16,845.5 17,101.4 17,358.1 17,615.5 17,873.5

13,509.2 13,725.4 13,942.4 14,160.1 14,378.4

63.403 63.555 63.704 63.853 64.001

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

8,462.2 8,682.1 8,903.4 9,126.2 9,350.3

6,516.1 6,696.2 6,877.8 7,060.9 7,245.3

56.990 57.212 57.432 57.647 57.861

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

18,132.2 18,391.5 18,651.5 18,912.2 19,173.4

14,597.4 14,816.9 15,037.2 15,258.2 15,479.7

64.147 64.292 64.435 64.578 64.719

989 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–20E Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO 2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s ° R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol·R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

19,698 20,224 20,753 21,284 21,818

15,925 16,372 16,821 17,273 17,727

64.999 65.272 65.543 65.809 66.069

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

41,965 42,543 43,121 43,701 44,280

35,015 35,513 36,012 36,512 37,012

73.462 73.627 73.789 73.951 74.110

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

22,353 22,890 23,429 23,970 24,512

18,182 18,640 19,101 19,561 20,024

66.327 66.581 66.830 67.076 67.319

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

44,861 45,442 46,023 46,605 47,188

37,513 38,014 38,517 39,019 39,522

74.267 74.423 74.578 74.732 74.884

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

25,056 25,602 26,150 26,699 27,249

20,489 20,955 21,423 21,893 22,364

67.557 67.792 68.025 68.253 68.479

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

47,771 48,355 48,939 49,524 50,109

40,026 40,531 41,035 41,541 42,047

75.033 75.182 75.330 75.477 75.622

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

27,801 28,355 28,910 29,465 30,023

22,837 23,310 23,786 24,262 24,740

68.702 68.921 69.138 69.352 69.563

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

50,695 51,282 51,868 52,456 53,044

42,553 43,060 43,568 44,075 44,584

75.765 75.907 76.048 76.188 76.327

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

30,581 31,141 31,702 32,264 32,827

25,220 25,701 26,181 26,664 27,148

69.771 69.977 70.181 70.382 70.580

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

53,632 54,221 54,810 55,400 55,990

45,093 45,602 46,112 46,622 47,133

76.464 76.601 76.736 76.870 77.003

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

33,392 33,957 34,523 35,090 35,659

27,633 28,118 28,605 29,093 29,582

70.776 70.970 71.160 71.350 71.537

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

56,581 57,172 57,764 58,356 58,948

47,645 48,156 48,668 49,181 49,694

77.135 77.266 77.395 77.581 77.652

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

36,228 36,798 37,369 37,941 38,513

30,072 30,562 31,054 31,546 32,039

71.722 71.904 72.085 72.264 72.441

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

59,541 60,134 60,728 61,322 61,916

50,208 50,721 51,236 51,750 52,265

77.779 77.905 78.029 78.153 78.276

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

39,087 39,661 40,236 40,812 41,388

32,533 33,028 33,524 34,020 34,517

72.616 72.788 72.960 73.129 73.297

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

62,511 64,000 65,491 66,984 68,471

52,781 54,071 55,363 56,658 57,954

78.398 78.698 78.994 79.284 79.569

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R


TABLE A–21E Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol

CO _ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

300 320 340 360 380

2,081.9 2,220.9 2,359.9 2,498.8 2,637.9

1,486.1 1,585.4 1,684.7 1,783.9 1,883.3

43.223 43.672 44.093 44.490 44.866

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

7,571.1 7,716.8 7,862.9 8,009.2 8,156.1

5,426.4 5,532.3 5,638.7 5,745.4 5,851.5

52.203 52.337 52.468 52.598 52.726

400 420 440 460 480

2,776.9 2,916.0 3,055.0 3,194.0 3,333.0

1,982.6 2,081.9 2,181.2 2,280.5 2,379.8

45.223 45.563 45.886 46.194 46.491

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

8,303.3 8,450.8 8,598.8 8,747.2 8,896.0

5,960.0 6,067.8 6,176.0 6,284.7 6,393.8

52.852 52.976 53.098 53.218 53.337

500 520 537 540 560

3,472.1 3,611.2 3,725.1 3,750.3 3,889.5

2,479.2 2,578.6 2,663.1 2,677.9 2,777.4

46.775 47.048 47.272 47.310 47.563

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

9,045.0 9,194.6 9,344.6 9,494.8 9,645.5

6,503.1 6,613.0 6,723.2 6,833.7 6,944.7

53.455 53.571 53.685 53.799 53.910

580 600 620 640 660

4,028.7 4,168.0 4,307.4 4,446.9 4,586.6

2,876.9 2,976.5 3,076.2 3,175.9 3,275.8

47.807 48.044 48.272 48.494 48.709

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

9,796.6 9,948.1 10,100.0 10,252.2 10,404.8

7,056.1 7,167.9 7,280.1 7,392.6 7,505.4

54.021 54.129 54.237 54.344 54.448

680 700 720 740 760

4,726.2 4,886.0 5,006.1 5,146.4 5,286.8

3,375.8 3,475.9 3,576.3 3,676.9 3,777.5

48.917 49.120 49.317 49.509 49.697

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

10,557.8 10,711.1 10,864.9 11,019.0 11,173.4

7,618.7 7,732.3 7,846.4 7,960.8 8,075.4

54.522 54.665 54.757 54.858 54.958

780 800 820 840 860

5,427.4 5,568.2 5,709.4 5,850.7 5,992.3

3,878.4 3,979.5 4,081.0 4,182.6 4,284.5

49.880 50.058 50.232 50.402 50.569

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

11,328.2 11,483.4 11,638.9 11,794.7 11,950.9

8,190.5 8,306.0 8,421.8 8,537.9 8,654.4

55.056 55.154 55.251 55.347 55.411

880 900 920 940 960

6,134.2 6,276.4 6,419.0 6,561.7 6,704.9

4,386.6 4,489.1 4,592.0 4,695.0 4,798.5

50.732 50.892 51.048 51.202 51.353

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

12,107.5 12,264.3 12,421.4 12,579.0 12,736.7

8,771.2 8,888.3 9,005.7 9,123.6 9,241.6

55.535 55.628 55.720 55.811 55.900

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

6,848.4 6,992.2 7,136.4 7,281.0 7,425.9

4,902.3 5,006.3 5,110.8 5,215.7 5,320.9

51.501 51.646 51.788 51.929 52.067

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

12,894.9 13,053.2 13,212.0 13,371.0 13,530.2

9,360.0 9,478.6 9,597.7 9,717.0 9,836.5

55.990 56.078 56.166 56.253 56.339

991 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–21E Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol

CO (Concluded ) _ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

13,850 14,170 14,492 14,815 15,139

10,077 10,318 10,560 10,803 11,048

56.509 56.677 56.841 57.007 57.161

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

27,262 27,608 27,954 28,300 28,647

20,311 20,576 20,844 21,111 21,378

61.612 61.710 61.807 61.903 61.998

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

15,463 15,789 16,116 16,443 16,722

11,293 11,539 11,787 12,035 12,284

57.317 57.470 57.621 57.770 57.917

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

28,994 29,341 29,688 30,036 30,384

21,646 21,914 22,182 22,450 22,719

62.093 62.186 62.279 62.370 62.461

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

17,101 17,431 17,762 18,093 18,426

12,534 12,784 13,035 13,287 13,541

58.062 58.204 58.344 58.482 58.619

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

30,733 31,082 31,431 31,780 32,129

22,988 23,257 23,527 23,797 24,067

62.511 62.640 62.728 62.816 62.902

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

18,759 19,093 19,427 19,762 20,098

13,794 14,048 14,303 14,559 14,815

58.754 58.885 59.016 59.145 59.272

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

32,479 32,829 33,179 33,530 33,880

24,337 24,608 24,878 25,149 25,421

62.988 63.072 63.156 63.240 63.323

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

20,434 20,771 21,108 21,446 21,785

15,072 15,330 15,588 15,846 16,105

59.398 59.521 59.644 59.765 59.884

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

34,231 34,582 34,934 35,285 35,637

25,692 25,934 26,235 26,508 26,780

63.405 63.486 63.567 63.647 63.726

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

22,124 22,463 22,803 23,144 23,485

16,365 16,225 16,885 17,146 17,408

60.002 60.118 60.232 60.346 60.458

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

35,989 36,341 36,693 37,046 37,398

27,052 27,325 27,598 27,871 28,144

63.805 63.883 63.960 64.036 64.113

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

23,826 24,168 24,510 24,853 25,196

17,670 17,932 18,195 18,458 18,722

60.569 60.679 60.787 60.894 61.000

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

37,751 38,104 38,457 38,811 39,164

28,417 28,691 28,965 29,239 29,513

64.188 64.263 64.337 64.411 64.484

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

25,539 25,883 26,227 26,572 26,917

18,986 19,250 19,515 19,780 20,045

61.105 61.209 61.311 61.412 61.513

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

39,518 40,403 41,289 42,176 43,063

29,787 30,473 31,161 31,849 32,538

64.556 64.735 64.910 65.082 65.252


TABLE A–22E Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H 2 _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol

_ s ° s ° Btu/lbmol·R

T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol


300 320 340 360 380

2,063.5 2,189.4 2,317.2 2,446.8 2,577.8

1,467.7 1,553.9 1,642.0 1,731.9 1,823.2

27.337 27.742 28.130 28.501 28.856

1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

9,673.8 10,381.5 11,092.5 11,807.4 12,526.8

6,893.6 7,402.7 7,915.1 8,431.4 8,952.2

37.883 38.372 38.830 39.264 39.675

400 420 440 460 480

2,710.2 2,843.7 2,978.1 3,113.5 3,249.4

1,915.8 2,009.6 2,104.3 2,200.0 2,296.2

29.195 29.520 29.833 30.133 20.424

1900 2000 2100 2200 2300

13,250.9 13,980.1 14,714.5 15,454.4 16,199.8

9,477.8 10,008.4 10,544.2 11,085.5 11,632.3

40.067 40.441 40.799 41.143 41.475

500 520 537 540 560

3,386.1 3,523.2 3,640.3 3,660.9 3,798.8

2,393.2 2,490.6 2,573.9 2,588.5 2,686.7

30.703 30.972 31.194 31.232 31.482

2400 2500 2600 2700 2800

16,950.6 17,707.3 18,469.7 19,237.8 20,011.8

12,184.5 12,742.6 13,306.4 13,876.0 14,451.4

41.794 42.104 42.403 42.692 42.973

580 600 620 640 660

3,937.1 4,075.6 4,214.3 4,353.1 4,492.1

2,785.3 2,884.1 2,983.1 3,082.1 3,181.4

31.724 31.959 32.187 32.407 32.621

2900 3000 3100 3200 3300

20,791.5 21,576.9 22,367.7 23,164.1 23,965.5

15,032.5 15,619.3 16,211.5 16,809.3 17,412.1

43.247 43.514 43.773 44.026 44.273

680 700 720 740 760

4,631.1 4,770.2 4,909.5 5,048.8 5,188.1

3,280.7 3,380.1 3,479.6 3,579.2 3,678.8

32.829 33.031 33.226 33.417 33.603

3400 3500 3600 3700 3800

24,771.9 25,582.9 26,398.5 27,218.5 28,042.8

18,019.9 18,632.4 19,249.4 19,870.8 20,496.5

44.513 44.748 44.978 45.203 45.423

780 800 820 840 860

5,327.6 5,467.1 5,606.7 5,746.3 5,885.9

3,778.6 3,878.4 3,978.3 4,078.2 4,178.0

33.784 33.961 34.134 34.302 34.466

3900 4000 4100 4200 4300

28,871.1 29,703.5 30,539.8 31,379.8 32,223.5

21,126.2 21,760.0 22,397.7 23,039.2 23,684.3

45.638 45.849 46.056 46.257 46.456

880 900 920 940 960

6,025.6 6,165.3 6,305.1 6,444.9 6,584.7

4,278.0 4,378.0 4,478.1 4,578.1 4,678.3

34.627 34.784 34.938 35.087 35.235

4400 4500 4600 4700 4800

33,070.9 33,921.6 34,775.7 35,633.0 36,493.4

24,333.1 24,985.2 25,640.7 26,299.4 26,961.2

46.651 46.842 47.030 47.215 47.396

980 1000 1100 1200 1300

6,724.6 6,864.5 7,564.6 8,265.8 8,968.7

4,778.4 4,878.6 5,380.1 5,882.8 6,387.1

35.379 35.520 36.188 36.798 37.360

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

35,356.9 38,223.3 39,092.8 39,965.1 40,840.2

27,626.1 28,294.0 28,964.9 29,638.6 30,315.1

47.574 47.749 47.921 48.090 48.257

993 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H 2O _ _ T h u R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol


T R

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol


300 320 340 360 380

2,367.6 2,526.8 2,686.0 2,845.1 3,004.4

1,771.8 1,891.3 2,010.8 2,130.2 2,249.8

40.439 40.952 41.435 41.889 42.320

1080 1100 1120 1140 1160

8,768.2 8,942.0 9,116.4 9,291.4 9,467.1

6,623.5 6,757.5 6,892.2 7,027.5 7,163.5

50.854 51.013 51.171 51.325 51.478

400 420 440 460 480

3,163.8 3,323.2 3,482.7 3,642.3 3,802.0

2,369.4 2,489.1 2,608.9 2,728.8 2,848.8

42.728 43.117 43.487 43.841 44.182

1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

9,643.4 9,820.4 9,998.0 10,176.1 10,354.9

7,300.1 7,437.4 7,575.2 7,713.6 7,852.7

51.360 51.777 51.925 52.070 52.212

500 520 537 540 560

3,962.0 4,122.0 4,258.0 4,282.4 4,442.8

2,969.1 3,089.4 3,191.9 3,210.0 3,330.7

44.508 44.821 45.079 45.124 45.415

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360

10,534.4 10,714.5 10,895.3 11,076.6 11,258.7

7,992.5 8,132.9 8,274.0 8,415.5 8,557.9

52.354 52.494 52.631 52.768 52.903

580 600 620 640 660

4,603.7 4,764.7 4,926.1 5,087.8 5,250.0

3,451.9 3,573.2 3,694.9 3,816.8 3,939.3

45.696 45.970 46.235 46.492 46.741

1380 1400 1420 1440 1460

11,441.4 11,624.8 11,808.8 11,993.4 12,178.8

8,700.9 8,844.6 8,988.9 9,133.8 9,279.4

53.037 53.168 53.299 53.428 53.556

680 700 720 740 760

5,412.5 5,575.4 5,738.8 5,902.6 6,066.9

4,062.1 4,185.3 4,309.0 4,433.1 4,557.6

46.984 47.219 47.450 47.673 47.893

1480 1500 1520 1540 1560

12,364.8 12,551.4 12,738.8 12,926.8 13,115.6

9,425.7 9,572.7 9,720.3 9,868.6 10,017.6

53.682 53.808 53.932 54.055 54.117

780 800 820 840 860

6,231.7 6,396.9 6,562.6 6,728.9 6,895.6

4,682.7 4,808.2 4,934.2 5,060.8 5,187.8

48.106 48.316 48.520 48.721 48.916

1580 1600 1620 1640 1660

13,305.0 13,494.4 13,685.7 13,877.0 14,069.2

10,167.3 10,317.6 10,468.6 10,620.2 10,772.7

54.298 54.418 54.535 54.653 54.770

880 900 920 940 960

7,062.9 7,230.9 7,399.4 7,568.4 7,738.0

5,315.3 5,443.6 5,572.4 5,701.7 5,831.6

49.109 49.298 49.483 49.665 49.843

1680 1700 1720 1740 1760

14,261.9 14,455.4 14,649.5 14,844.3 15,039.8

10,925.6 11,079.4 11,233.8 11,388.9 11,544.7

54.886 54.999 55.113 55.226 55.339

980 1000 1020 1040 1060

7,908.2 8,078.2 8,250.4 8,422.4 8,595.0

5,962.0 6,093.0 6,224.8 6,357.1 6,490.0

50.019 50.191 50.360 50.528 50.693

1780 1800 1820 1840 1860

15,236.1 15,433.0 15,630.6 15,828.7 16,027.6

11,701.2 11,858.4 12,016.3 12,174.7 12,333.9

55.449 55.559 55.668 55.777 55.884


TABLE A–23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H 2O (Cotinued ) _ _ _ T h u s °° s R Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol Btu/lbmol·R

T R

1900 1940 1980 2020 2060

16,428 16,830 17,235 17,643 18,054

12,654 12,977 13,303 13,632 13,963

56.097 56.307 56.514 56.719 56.920

2100 2140 2180 2220 2260

18,467 18,883 19,301 19,722 20,145

14,297 14,633 14,972 15,313 15,657

2300 2340 2380 2420 2460

20,571 20,999 21,429 21,862 22,298

2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

_ h Btu/lbmol

_ u Btu/lbmol

3500 3540 3580 3620 3660

34,324 34,809 35,296 35,785 36,274

27,373 27,779 28,187 28,596 29,006

62.876 63.015 63.153 63.288 63.423

57.119 57.315 57.509 57.701 57.889

3700 3740 3780 3820 3860

36,765 37,258 37,752 38,247 38,743

29,418 29,831 30,245 30,661 31,077

63.557 63.690 63.821 63.952 64.082

16,003 16,352 16,703 17,057 17,413

58.077 58.261 58.445 58.625 58.803

3900 3940 3980 4020 4060

39,240 39,739 40,239 40,740 41,242

31,495 31,915 32,335 32,757 33,179

64.210 64.338 64.465 64.591 64.715

22,735 23,175 23,618 24,062 24,508

17,771 18,131 18,494 18,859 19,226

58.980 59.155 59.328 59.500 59.669

4100 4140 4180 4220 4260

41,745 42,250 42,755 43,267 43,769

33,603 34,028 34,454 34,881 35,310

64.839 64.962 65.084 65.204 65.325

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860

24,957 25,408 25,861 26,316 26,773

19,595 19,967 20,340 20,715 21,093

59.837 60.003 60.167 60.330 60.490

4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

44,278 44,788 45,298 45,810 46,322

35,739 36,169 36,600 37,032 37,465

65.444 65.563 65.680 65.797 65.913

2900 2940 2980 3020 3060

27,231 27,692 28,154 28,619 29,085

21,472 21,853 22,237 22,621 23,085

60.650 60.809 60.965 61.120 61.274

4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

46,836 47,350 47,866 48,382 48,899

37,900 38,334 38,770 39,207 39,645

66.028 66.142 66.255 66.368 66.480

3100 3140 3180 3220 3260

29,553 30,023 30,494 30,967 31,442

23,397 23,787 24,179 24,572 24,968

61.426 61.577 61.727 61.874 62.022

4700 4740 4780 4820 4860

49,417 49,936 50,455 50,976 51,497

40,083 40,523 40,963 41,404 41,856

66.591 66.701 66.811 66.920 67.028

3300 3340 3380 3420 3460

31,918 32,396 32,876 33,357 33,839

25,365 25,763 26,164 26,565 26,968

62.167 62.312 62.454 62.597 62.738

4900 5000 5100 5200 5300

52,019 53,327 54,640 55,957 57,279

42,288 43,398 44,512 45,631 46,754

67.135 67.401 67.662 67.918 68.172


995 APPENDIX 2

TABLE A–26E Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, 77°F, 1 atm _ h° f Substance Formula Btu/lbmol

and absolute entropy at _ g° f Btu/lbmol

_ s ° Btu/lbmol·R

Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Water Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane n -Butane n -Octane n -Octane n -Dodecane Benzene Methyl alcohol Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Hydroxyl

0 0 0 0 59,010 169,680 98,350 102,040 45,430 7,140 21,860 87,990 29,306 14,150 26,980 10,105 6,760 7,110 2,840 21,570 55,780 69,700 71,570 72,520 75,240 99,710 87,460 195,970 14,750

1.36 31.21 45.77 49.00 47.21 51.07 45.11 16.71 55.60 45.97 44.49 48.00 52.54 54.85 63.80 64.51 74.11 111.55 86.23 148.86 64.34 57.29 30.30 67.54 38.40 38.47 27.39 36.61 43.92

C(s ) H2(g ) N2(g ) O2(g ) CO(g ) CO2(g ) H2O(g ) H2O() H2O2(g ) NH3(g ) CH4(g ) C2H2(g ) C2H4(g ) C2H6(g ) C3H6(g ) C3H8(g ) C4H10(g ) C8H18(g ) C8H18() C12H26(g ) C6H6(g ) CH3OH(g ) CH3OH() C2H5OH(g ) C2H5OH() O(g ) H(g ) N(g ) OH(g )

0 0 0 0 47,540 169,300 104,040 122,970 58,640 19,750 32,210 97,540 22,490 36,420 8,790 44,680 54,270 89,680 107,530 125,190 35,680 86,540 102,670 101,230 119,470 107,210 93,780 203,340 16,790

Source: From JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Dow Chemical Co., 1971), Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties , NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; and API Research Project 44 (Carnegie Press, 1953).


TABLE A–27E Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons

Fuel (phase)

Formula

Molar mass, lbm/lbmol

Carbon (s ) Hydrogen (g ) Carbon monoxide (g ) Methane (g ) Methanol () Acetylene (g ) Ethane (g ) Ethanol () Propane () Butane () 1-Pentene () Isopentane () Benzene () Hexene () Hexane () Toluene () Heptane () Octane () Decane () Gasoline () Light diesel () Heavy diesel () Natural gas (g )

C H2 CO CH4 CH4O C2H2 C2H6 C2H6O C3H8 C4H10 C5H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H12 C6H14 C7H8 C7H16 C8H18 C10H22 Cn H1.87n Cn H1.8n Cn H1.7n Cn H3.8n N0.1n

12.011 2.016 28.013 16.043 32.042 26.038 30.070 46.069 44.097 58.123 70.134 72.150 78.114 84.161 86.177 92.141 100.204 114.231 142.285 100–110 170 200 18

1At

Density,1 lbm/ft3 125 — — — 49.3 — — 49.3 31.2 36.1 40.0 39.1 54.7 42.0 41.2 54.1 42.7 43.9 45.6 45–49 49–52 51–55 —

1 atm and 68°F.

2

At 77°F for liquid fuels, and 1 atm and normal boiling temperature for gaseous fuels.

3

At 77°F. Multiply by molar mass to obtain heating values in Btu/lbmol.

Enthalpy of vaporization,2 Btu/lbm — — — 219 502 — 74 395 144 156 156 — 186 169 157 177 157 156 155 151 116 99 —

Specific heat,1 cp Btu/ lbm·°F

Higher heating value,3 Btu/lbm

Lower heating value,3 Btu/lbm

0.169 3.44 0.251 0.525 0.604 0.404 0.418 0.583 0.662 0.578 0.525 0.554 0.411 0.439 0.542 0.408 0.535 0.533 0.528 0.57 0.53 0.45 0.48

14,100 60,970 4,340 23,880 9,740 21,490 22,320 12,760 21,640 21,130 20,540 20,890 17,970 20,430 20,770 18,230 20,680 20,590 20,490 20,300 19,800 19,600 21,500

14,100 51,600 4,340 21,520 8,570 20,760 20,430 11,530 19,930 19,510 19,190 19,310 17,240 19,090 19,240 17,420 19,180 19,100 19,020 18,900 18,600 18,400 19,400

997 APPENDIX 2

0 6

5 5

8 2 0 .

6 2 0 .

0 5

4 2 0 .

2 2 0 .

0 2 0 .

5 4 8 1 0 .

6 1 0 .

0 4

4 1 0 .

2 1 0 .

5 3

0 1 0 .

8 0 0 .

0 3

6 0 0 .

4 0 0 .

2 0 0 .

0 2 1

r i a y r d d n u o p r e p e r u t s i o m s d n u o p , o i t a r y t i d i m u H

t. u. f e, c m u V o l

i r r y a l b d r e p

1 5. 0

5 1 1

0 1 1

0 6

5 2

e u r r a t p e em t b b u l e t W ºF 8 5

9 0

5 0 1

1 4 .5 F r u t a r e p m e t b l u b y r D ° e

5 9

8 0

y t i d i m u h e v i t a l e R % 0 1

1 4 .0

5 5

7 5

5 8

% 0 2

0 5

0 0 1

7 0

0 8

5 7

5 4

% 0 9

% 0 8

% 0 7

0 2 5 8

% 0 3

% 0 4

% 0 6

0 9

F , e r u t a r e p m e t b l u b y r D °

0 8

% 0 5

5 7

6 5

1 3. 5 0 7

0 F ° e 7 r u t a r e p m e t n o i 5 t a 6 r u t a S

0 4

r i a y r d f o d 5 n u 3 o p r e p u t B , y p l 0 a 0 0 1 h – t n 0 E

•

–

y r u c 1 r . e o m N f t o r s a e h e h r C t u c n i c a i r r 1 e t p 2 e 9 . m m e 9 o T 2 r : h l c a e r y u s m r s P o s e r N E P A c R i r H t e S m A o r a B

. c n I , s , r e g e n i n i t g a n e E H g f n o i y n t o e i t i i c d o S n o n C a r c i i r e A m d A n a 2 g 9 n i 9 t 1 a © r e g i r f e R

0 . 1

0 . 2

0 . 4

60

55 0 6

0 6

5 0

0 . 4 0 . – 2 0 – .

1 –

2 – 0. – 0. 1

0 1 . 0

2 . 0

3 . 0

0 . . 8 0 1 •

5 . 0

4 . 0

6 . 0

0 0 0 5 0 0 0 3

0 0 2 0

40

5 4

. – 0

T — — = t – a t e — a h e e — h l l b a — i t s o n T e — S —

0 5

5 2

5 . – 0 0. 4 – 3

S

5 5

45

0 5

Q Q

1 3. 0

5 5

0 3

0 0 5

•

l e v e L a e S

5 1 5 6

0 0 5 1

0 0 0 1

5 4

h — 

— = o i — t a y r — p l y a t — i h d t i n — m E — u H — ∆ ∆

0 2

3 5

0 3

0 4

1 2 .5 5 1

5 3

3 0

25

5 3

0 1

. o h a d I f o y t i s r e v i n U , s e i d u t S c i m a n y d o m r e h T d e i l p p A r o f r e t n e C y b d e r a p e r P

. n o i s s i m r e p h t i w d e s u : A G , a t n a l t A , s r e e n i g n E g n i n o i t i d n o C r i A . e d r n u a s g s n i e t r r p a e l g i a f r t e o R t , g m i n t t a a e 1 H t f a o y t t r e i a c h o c S E c n 1 i c r a 3 t i r – e e A m m o A E r e h R h t U c m y G I s o r F P F

Steam Table With Molier Chart

Recommend Documents