STANDARD INDUSTRI PEMBINAAN (CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY STANDARD)
CIS 19:2011 QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR COMPLETED ROAD WORKS Descriptors:
quality of workmanship, road surface, slope & retaining structure, bridge & other structures, traffic / road furniture, sampling, weightage
© Copyright LEMBAGA PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRI PEMBINAAN MALAYSIA Standard Writing Organisation
CIDB M A L AYS I A
Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT BOARD MALAYSIA Ibu Pejabat CIDB, Tingkat 7, Grand Seasons Avenue, No 72, Jalan Pahang, 53000 Kuala Lumpur. P.O Box. 12278, 50772 Kuala Lumpur, Tel : 603 – 26170200 Fax: 603 – 40437050 http://www.cidb.gov.my
QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR COMPLETED ROAD WORKS
CIDB M A L AYS I A
© Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia 2011
CIDB M A L AYS I A
All enquiries regarding this book should be forwarded to: Chief Executive Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia 7th. Floor, Grand Seasons Avenue No 72, Jalan Pahang 53000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel : Fax : Website :
603 – 26170200 603 – 40437050 www.cidb.gov.my
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or any means, whether mechanical or electronic including photocopying and recording without the written consent of CIDB. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Data Pengkatalogan-dalam-Penerbitan
CONTENTS Page Committee representation…………………………………………………… Foreword……………………………………………………………….………
vi vii
SECTION 1 : GENERAL 1.1 1.2
Introduction…………………………………………………………………… Normative references………………………………………………………..
1 1
1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6 1.3.7 1.3.8 1.3.9
Definition……………………………………………………………………… QLASSIC……………………………………………………………………... Component…………………………………………………………………… Newly Completed Roads..………………………………………………….. Road Category………………………………………………………………. Elements……………………………………………………………………… QLASSIC Assessor…………………………………………………………. Qualified Person…………………………………………………………….. Approved Standard..………………………………………………………… Tolerance……………………………………………………………………..
2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4
1.4
Objective of Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works……………………………………………………..
4
1.5
Use of Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works……………………………………………………..
4
1.6
Scope of Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works……………………………………………………..
5
1.7
Assessment Approach………………………………………………………
5
SECTION 2 : QUALITY STANDARD 2.1
Components………………………………………………………………….
6
2.2
Elements………………………………………………………………………
7
2.3
Defect Groups..………………………………………………………………
9
SECTION 3 : ASSESSMENT 3.1
Road Weightage……………………………………………………………..
12
3.2
Sampling………………………………………………………………………
12
iii
CONTENTS Page 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5
Weightage Guideline for Assessment……………………………….. Road Surface…………………………………………………………… Slope and Retaining Structure……………………………………….. Drainage………………………………………………………………... Bridge and Other Structure…………………………………………… Traffic / Road Furniture………………………………………………..
14 14 14 14 16 17
3.4
Assessment Scoring……………………………………………………
24
Table 1
Road Category and Description……………………………………….
2
Table 2
Road Elements by Components..……………………………………..
3
Table 3
Elements and its Examples…………………………………………….
7
Table 4
Defect Groups for Assessment………………………………………..
9
Table 5
Road Weightage for All Components…………………………………
12
Table 6
Weightage for Road Surface Elements………………………………
14
Table 7
Weightage for Drainage………………………………………………..
15
Table 8
Weightage Guideline for Bridge & Other Structures..……………….
16
Table 9
Weightage for Traffic / Road Furniture Element…...………………...
17
Figure 1
Typical Road Cross Section........………………………...............…..
10
Figure 2
Typical Bridge Cross Section………................................................
11
Figure 3
Examples of Road Surface Conditions.……………………………....
18
Figure 4
Different Types of Road Surface Defects (Aesthetic).......................
19
Figure 5
Examples of Slope & Retaining Structure Conditions……......……..
20
Figure 6
Examples of Drainage Conditions…………...………………………...
21
Figure 7
Examples of Bridge & Other Structures Conditions…….........……..
22
Figure 8
Examples of Traffic/Road Furniture………………….......…………...
23
Tables
Figures
iv
CONTENTS Page Annexes A
Quality Standards for Road Surface Works…………………………..
A1
B
Quality Standards for Slope and Retaining Structure Works……….
B1
C
Quality Standards for Drainage Works………………………………..
C1
D
Quality Standards for Bridge and Other Structure Works…………..
D1
E
Quality Standards for Traffic / Roadside Furniture Works…………..
E1
F
QLASSIC Assessment Form Component 1: Road Surface…………………………………………...
F1
G
QLASSIC Assessment Form Component 2: Slope and Retaining Structures………………………
G1
H
QLASSIC Assessment Form Component 3: Drainage………………………………………………..
H1
I1
QLASSIC Assessment Form Component 4: Above Ground Structures: Road/Pedestrian/ Motorcycle Bridge……………………………………………………….
I1
I2
QLASSIC Assessment Form Component 4: Underpass/Vehicular Box Culvert and Tunnel……..
I2
J
QLASSIC Assessment Form Component 5: Traffic / Roadside Furniture…………………………..
J1
K
Defect Group For Assessment Of Road Surface Works……………
K1
L
Defect Group For Assessment Of Slope & Retaining Structures Works…………………………………………………………………….
L1
M
Defect Group For Assessment Of Drainage Works…………………
M1
N
Defect Group For Assessment Of Bridge & Other Structure Works
N1
O
Defect Group For Assessment Of Traffic & Roadside Furniture Works
O1
Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………….
v
64
Committee representation This Construction Industry Standard (CIS) was managed and developed by the Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia with the assistance of the Technical Committee on Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works which comprises representatives from the following organizations:Construction Industry Development Board, Malaysia Highway Planning Unit, Ministry of Works, Malaysia Malaysia Highway Authority (LLM) The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia The Association of Consulting Engineers, Malaysia PLUS Expressway Berhad
vi
FOREWORD This Malaysian Construction Industry Standard (CIS) hereby referred as CIS 19:2011 was developed as a quality assessment system for completed road works standard by the Technical Committee on Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works with the assistance of Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) which acted as a moderator and facilitator for the technical committee throughout the development process of this standard. Compliance with this document does not in itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
vii
QUALITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FOR COMPLETED ROAD WORKS SECTION 1: GENERAL 1.1
Introduction
Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works is an independent method to assess and evaluate the quality of workmanship of newly completed road works based on this standard. 1.2
Normative References
The following normative reference is indispensable for the application of this construction industry standard. For dated reference, only the edition cited applies. For undated reference, the latest edition of the normative reference (including any amendments) applies. Specification for Roadworks (JKR/SPJ/2008-S4: Flexible Pavement), Published by JKR Malaysia. JKR/SPJ/1988 – Standard Specification for Road Works. LLM / PLUS Specifications. Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2D/85, Manual on Traffic Control Devices: Road Marking And Delineation, Public Work Department Malaysia. Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2B/85, Manual on Traffic Control Device: Traffic Sign Application. Guidelines for Road Drainage Design, Published by REAM. Guideline for Malaysia Toll Expressway System – Design Standard, by Malaysia Highway Authority (LLM). Annual Bridge Inspection Manual – Quick Inspection Guideline, by JKR. A Guide for Bridge Inspection , Published by REAM. MS 881:Pt1: 1991 Specification for Precast Concrete, SIRIM. MS 1303:Pt1:1993 Specification for Thermoplastic Road Marking Materials, SIRIM. MS 164: 1991 Specification for Road Marking Paints, SIRIM. AS 4058: 1992 Precast Concrete Pipes (pressure and non-pressure). Highway and Rail Transit Tunnel Inspection Manual, by U.S. Department of Transportation.
1
1.3
Definition
For the purpose on this Construction Industry Standard the following definitions apply. 1.3.1
QLASSIC
QLASSIC is the acronym for quality assessment system in construction. 1.3.2
Component
A component refers to the physical part which can be found in a road construction project. For the purpose of this standard the following components are applicable: i. ii. iii. iv. v. 1.3.3
Road Surface; Slope and Retaining Structure; Drainage; Bridges and Other Structures; and Traffic / Road Furniture Newly Completed Roads
Newly completed roads are roads which are new, not opened to traffic and as deemed fit to be assessed by the Consultant. Ideally, this road has already been assessed in terms of its adherence to design specifications. The Consultant shall mean the Main Design and Supervision Consultant for the road project. Newly completed roads exclude additional and/or upgrading works carried out on to an already completed road. 1.3.4
Road Category
For the purpose of this standard, the roads are divided into five (5) categories as defined below: Table 1. Road Category and Description Road Description JKR Standard Category Include inter-urban expressways and highways where tolls JKR R6/U6 and A are collected. Normally these roads are under the equivalent jurisdiction of the Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia (LLM). Include national highways, primary state roads and roads within Federal Territories. These are inter-urban highways linking Federal Capitals, State Capitals, points of entry/exit (i.e. seaports and airports), primary roads forming the JKR R5/U5 and B basic network linking State Capitals & major towns and equivalent roads within Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya. Normally these roads are under the jurisdiction of the Federal JKR, State JKR or Municipal Councils. Include Regional Development Scheme Roads and Secondary State Roads. These are roads forming the Other than JKR C network within regional development areas and secondary R6/U6 or JKR roads within districts. These roads are under the R5/U5 jurisdiction of the Federal or State JKR.
2
Table 1. Road Category and Description (continued) D
E
1.3.5
Include urban collector roads and urban local streets. These roads serve as collectors and distributors offering direct access to abutting land. Include minor Federal Roads and roads within the village and rural inhabited area. These roads are under the jurisdiction of the Federal JKR, local authorities and District Offices.
Urban Roads and Highways Rural and other Federal Roads
Elements
Elements are the physical parts of a component as specified below: Table 2. Road Elements by Components Component 1. Road Surface
Carriageway Shoulder and Verge Median
2. Slope and Retaining Structure
Slope Retaining Structure Slope Drainage Above Ground Services Slope Furniture
3. Drainage
1.3.6
Elements
Drain Drain cover Sump Box/pipe culvert
4. Bridge & Other Structures
Above Ground Structures - Road Bridge and Pedestrian /Motorcycle bridge Special Structures - Underpass/Vehicular Box Culvert (VBC) & Tunnel
5. Traffic/Road Furniture
Markings Traffic Calming devices Traffic Sign Electrical devices Pedestrian facilities Kerb Traffic Barrier Delineators
QLASSIC Assessor
The QLASSIC assessor must have attended the QLASSIC Assessors Certification Training certified by CIDB before carrying out the assessment.
3
The QLASSIC assessor shall be continuously updated with the latest QLASSIC practices to ensure consistency and effective implementation of this standard. 1.3.7
Qualified Person
A qualified person is defined as the Superintending Officer (S.O.) or as defined by the project contract. 1.3.8
Approved Standard
Approved standard shall mean this CIS standard specified by the qualified person for the project. 1.3.9
Tolerance
Tolerance shall mean acceptable deviations or permissible values that do not compromise the quality of workmanship. Where applicable, the tolerances are adopted from the normative references. 1.4
Objectives of Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works.
Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works was designed and developed to enable the user to achieve all/any of the following objectives:
1.5
a)
to benchmark the level of quality of the road construction industry in Malaysia;
b)
to have a standard quality assessment system for workmanship quality of completed road works;
c)
to assess the workmanship quality of a completed road works based on the approved standards;
d)
to evaluate the performance of contractors based on the workmanship quality;
e)
to encourage continual improvements for contractors; and
f)
to compile data for statistical analysis. Use of Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works
The Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works is intended to complement the best engineering practices, contractual drawings and specifications in a project. It is not intended to be used independently as working specifications. The qualified person shall not use the Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works as a design standard and/or to decide if the road or parts of the road works are in accordance with the relevant Specifications and by-laws. It is still the responsibility of the qualified person to ensure that the quality of the Completed Road Works conform to approved standards, best practices, specifications and drawings. Where accessible and practical, all elements identified in this standard shall be assessed.
4
1.6
Scope of Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works
The standard sets out the quality of workmanship for the various aspects of the construction elements for the general road works. The Quality Assessment System for Completed Road Works covers five main components: Road Surface, Slope & Retaining Structure, Drainage, Bridge & Other Structures and Traffic/Road Furniture. Assessments on the workmanship are carried out based on this standard and marks are awarded if the workmanship complies with the standards. These marks are then summed up to give a total score (%) for the road works. However, the assessment excludes works and tests carried out in pre construction and during construction works. The road is assessed primarily on workmanship standard achieved through site inspection and field non-destructive testing. 1.7
Assessment Approach
Assessment of the quality of workmanship is carried out upon completion of the road project and preferably, before the road is opened to traffic. This is to ensure that any noncompliance to specific standards is purely based on quality of construction and not from wear and tear of the completed road. The assessor shall inspect and assess the identified samples against the standard and tolerance using the tools specified. Prior to conducting each assessment, the assessor determines the number of samples and locations to be assessed. The number of samples and locations are selected from drawings and plans. The selected samples shall be distributed as uniformly as possible throughout the project length. All locations shall be made available for sample determination. The assessment shall only be limited to this pre-determined sample size and location and is done on the work that is inspected for the first time. Rectification and correction carried out after the quality assessment will not be re-scored. The objective of this practice is to encourage contractors towards “doing things right the first time and every time”. The assessment shall be recorded using the site assessment forms as shown in Annex F to Annex K. An objective ‘yes’ (√) or ‘no’ (x) assessment approach is adopted to indicate compliance or non compliance of the assessed component and its respective elements. A ‘-‘ is given to indicate if the element is not available for assessment. The quality score is computed based on the number of ‘√’ over the total number of elements assessed.
5
SECTION 2: QUALITY STANDARD 2.1
Components
The Quality Standards for Completed Road Works are divided into five main components:2.1.1
Road Surface
The ultimate function of a road is to transport people and goods from one place to another efficiently with a desirable comfort and level of safety. A road can only serve its function and achieve its designed life if the actual construction is properly done, all the paving materials are of the required standards and meet the required design specifications. Because the road surface is in direct contact with road users, it is considered the most important component in assessing the quality of a completed road works. The road surface component is further divided into three elements namely carriageway, shoulder & verge and median. The carriageway is the part of the road where most vehicles are travelling on. The shoulder & verge is the part of the road which is adjacent to the carriageway. Vehicle would not normally use this part of the road as the shoulder act as the emergency lane. Thus the road shoulder is given less importance than the road carriageway. The median is the center part which serves as separator between carriageways. The elements are assessed in terms of its riding quality, safety and aesthetics as detailed in Annex A. 2.1.2
Slope and Retaining Structure
The slope and retaining structure component considered in this standard is only applicable to the structure that is visible after construction. The functional performance of the slope & retaining structure component has an influence on the safety as well as the comfort of the road user. This component is divided into five (5) main elements: slope (rigid, soft surface cover, rock), retaining structure, slope drainage (surface and subsurface), above ground services and slope furniture. These elements are assessed in terms of its defect groups such as crack & damage, joint, fillers and gaps, functionality, finishing and installations as detailed in Annex B. 2.1.3
Drainage
The functional performance of the drainage system of a completed road works is evaluated to ensure no flooding occurs which may affect the operations of the road. For the purpose of this standard, this component is further divided into four (4) elements: drain (not included under the Slope and Retaining Structure component), drain cover, sump and pipe/box culverts. These elements are assessed in terms of its crack & damage, joints & gaps, functionality and finishing as detailed in Annex C.
6
2.1.4
Bridges and Other Structure
The bridge and other structures should be constructed according to approved standards to ensure structural integrity. Repair and rectification works should be avoided as this tends to be very costly, not to mention the inconvenience to the road users. The bridges and other structures component are grouped into the different bridge/structure types: above ground structures (such as road bridges, pedestrian/motorcycle bridges) and special structures (such as underpass/vehicular box culverts and tunnels). Each of these bridges/structures is further assessed in terms of its respective elements as detailed in Annex D. For special structures such as tunnels, where practical and accessible, the assessment shall include all visible elements such as structural, mechanical, electrical, emergency response and fire protection system. Assessment of these elements shall be by visual inspection of its physical conditions and system operational. 2.1.5
Traffic / Road Furniture
The Traffic / Road Furniture ideally cover a wide range of physical fixtures and markings of a road. For the purpose of this standard and for practicality of implementation, this component has been streamlined to only cover elements that will have a direct impact to the traffic operations and flow of a completed road. The elements covered in this standard are: pavement markings, traffic calming devices, traffic signs, electrical devices, pedestrian facilities, kerbs, traffic barriers and delineators. These elements are assessed in term of crack & damage, functionality, visibility, finishings and installation as detailed in Annex E. 2.2
Elements
For each of the components identified, the elements to be assessed are identified accordingly to facilitate practical assessment and scoring system. The elements and some examples of the type of elements are summarized in Table 3. Table 3. Elements and its Examples Component
Road Surface
Slope & Retaining Structure
Element
Example of elements
Carriageway
Asphaltic concrete
Shoulder & Verge
Paved or unpaved
Median
Paved or unpaved
Slope
Rigid, soft, rock surface
Retaining Structure
Facing wall
Drainage
Surface & Subsurface Drainage
7
Table 3. Elements and its Examples (continued) Component
Drainage
Bridge & Other Structures
Traffic / Road Furniture
Element
Example of elements
Above ground service furniture
Water pipes, telecommunication tower
Slope Furniture
Handrail and fencing
Drain
Roadside, median, shoulder drain
Drain Cover
R.C. Slab, M.S Grating
Sump
Concrete Sump, Brickwall sump
Pipe / Box Culverts
Culvert Body (Steel & Concrete), Headwall & Wingwall, R.C., C.M.P. Culvert
Above ground structures (bridges)
Road bridge, Pedestrian / Motorcycle bridge
Special structures
Box culvert, tunnels
Markings
Pavement markings, pedestrian Crossing, traffic Ghost Island
Traffic Calming devices
Speed hump/table
Traffic Sign
Warning, information signs
Electrical devices Pedestrian facilities
Traffic Signal, Pedestrian Push Button Signal, Variable Message Sign (VMS), street lighting Sidewalk, bus stop,
Kerb
Roadside, median, traffic island kerb
Traffic Barrier
Guardrail, concrete & noise barrier, crash cushion Road studs, flexible pole
Delineators
8
2.3
Defect Groups
Defect groups represent the parameter to benchmark the quality of workmanship. The defect groups for all components are summarized in Table 4.
Table 4. Defect Groups for Assessment Component Road Surface
Element
Defect Groups
Carriageway, Shoulder & Verge, Median
1. Riding Quality 2. Safety 3. Aesthetic
Slope, Retaining structure, Slope drainage, Above ground services, Slope furniture
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Crack and damage Joint, filler and gaps Functionality Finishing Installation
Drainage
Drain, Drain Cover, sump, pipe / box culvert
1. 2. 3. 4.
Crack and Damage Joint and Gap Functionality Finishing
Bridge & Other Structures
Above Ground bridge (Road bridge, Pedestrian / Motorcycle bridge), Special Structures (Underpass / vehicular box culverts, Tunnel)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Crack and Damage Joint and Gap Functionality Visibility Finishing Installation
Markings, Traffic Calming devices, Traffic Sign, Electrical devices, Pedestrian facilities, Kerb, Traffic Barrier, Delineators
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Crack and Damage Functionality Visibility Finishing Installation
Slope & Structure
Retaining
Traffic / Road Furniture
9
10 Figure 1. Typical Road Cross Section
11 Figure 2. Typical Bridge Cross Section
SECTION 3: ASSESSMENT The assessment for the completed road work is carried out through a statistical and sampling approach. 3.1
Road Weightage The road weightage for all components are allocated in accordance to the five road categories. The weightage system is aimed to provide an objective score corresponding to workmanship quality. This weightage is developed based on the drivers’ visual perception and the component’ ability to provide comfort, safety, and assistance (i.e. control) to the driver. It is deemed that each component will have different level of relevance for the different road categories, hence the different weightage as shown in Table 5. Table 5. Road Weightage for All Components Weightage by Road Categories (%)
Components A
B
C
D
E
Road Surface
40
40
40
40
50
Slope & Retaining Structure
15
15
10
10
5
Drainage
10
10
20
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
20
20
20
20
20
100
100
100
100
100
Bridge & Other Structures Traffic/Road Furniture Total Road Weightage (%) 3.2
Sampling As it may be impractical to assess the whole length of the road projects, a sampling 1 approach is recommended. The sample size is developed from the Statistical formula of: n where, n = N = ε =
N 1 + N (ε)²
=
Sample Size Total Length of Road in meters / Total Numbers of Elements Margin of error, the risk/error the assessor is willing to accept, generally this is ± 5%
1
Elementary Sampling Theory, by Yamane 1967
12
To determine an economical and practical sample size, a range of ε value was tested as follows:
Low
Option Medium
High
N (m)
1000
1000
1000
ε
10%
6.5%
2.5%
n
9%
19%
62%
From the above range, it is reasonable to adopt a minimum sample size of 20% or a minimum of one (1) complete sample. The maximum sample limit shall be determined by the assessor based on economic and practical considerations. As a further guideline, the assessor may adopt a minimum or a maximum sample size as follows: • • •
For roads less than 1 km in length, the whole section shall be assessed. For roads where most elements are available, a minimum sample size of 20% is sufficient For roads with limited elements, the following practical sample size is recommended:
Sample size Road Category
Intersection* (%)
A
50%
B1
25%
B2
50%
C1
25%
C2
50%
D
25%
E
50%
Mainline Min
Max
Length per sample (km)
20%
5 km
1
20%
5 km
1
20%
5 km
1
20%
3 km
0.5
NOTE: * % of the total number of intersections on the project road.
The sample shall be selected based on the road chainage and each sample shall, as much as possible, cover all the 5 components to be assessed.
13
3.3
Weightage Guideline for Assessment
3.3.1
Road Surface
The weightage for Road Surface Elements are allocated as per Table 6. Table 6. Weightage for Road Surface Elements Weightage % Road Surface Elements
Total
1. Carriageway
Breakdown
70
Riding Quality
50
Safety
15
Aesthetic
5
2. Shoulder and Verge
20
3. Median
10
Total
100
NOTE: The highest weightage is given to the carriageway element as traffic travels on the road carriageway. Therefore, it is imperative that the carriageway is of the highest quality for functionality and safety reasons. The road shoulder acts as the emergency lane and is given a lower weightage. The lowest is given to the median which do not carry any traffic.
3.3.2
Slope and Retaining Structure
A weightage for the Slope and Retaining Structure component is not applicable as each of the elements is equally relevant in determining the functionality of the slope. The Quality Score will be based on the number of compliance over the total number of elements assessed. 3.3.3
Drainage
The surface and underground drainage are equally relevant in its functionality and are given equal weightage. However, each drainage elements are weighted based on its functionality. For the purpose of the assessment, pipe/box culvert of less than 1.2m in diameter will only be visually inspected at the inlet and outlet of the culvert. Whereas pipe/box culvert of 1.2m or bigger in diameter shall be assessed on all the practical and accessible elements.
14
The weightage for the drainage elements are shown as per Table 7. Table 7. Weightage for Drainage Drainage Elements
Total
1. Surface Drain
Weightage % Breakdown
50
Drain
30
Drain Cover
5
Sump
15
2. Pipe/Box Culvert (Underground)
50
Culvert Body Headwall and Wingwall Total
d<1.2m
d>1.2m
-
40
50
10
100
NOTE: The highest weightage value is given to the drainage element that is most affected in terms of its functionality to carry off water should quality is compromised. The lowest weightage is allocated to drain cover as its function is for safety purposes
15
3.3.4
Bridge and Other Structure
The two (2) elements of this component (i.e. bridges and special structures) are equally weighted as each is equally important in its functionality. However, each of the bridge and other structural elements are weighted based on its functionality. Table 8. Weightage Guideline for Bridge & Other Structures Bridge & Other Structures Elements
Weightage % Total Breakdown 50
1.
Bridge : Road / Pedestrian / Motorcycle Bridge
2. Special Structure : Underpass / vehicular box culverts, Tunnel
Pier
6
Abutment
6
Bearing Pad
5
Beam
6
Deck Slab
6
Surfacing
5
Expansion Joint
5
Parapet / Handrail
4
Drain Pipe
4
Staircase / ramp
2
Roof
1 50
Structure
9
Road Surface Drainage
2
Road Markings
2
Traffic Signs / VMS
5
Exhaust Fan / Ventilation
5
Fire Protection
5
Lighting
5
Plumbing Fire Detection System
2
Communication System
2
Emergency Power System
2
Power Distribution System
2
2
5
Control Panel (control room) TOTAL
2 100
NOTE: The highest weightage value is given to the structural element that is most affected in terms of its functionality should quality be compromised. Accessories of the bridge (i.e. roof, hand rail, road markings) are given lower weightage as its effect is less severe.
16
3.3.5
Traffic/Road Furniture
The weightage for Traffic/Road Furniture elements are shown in Table 9. Table 9. Weightage for Traffic/Road Furniture Element Traffic/Road Furniture Elements Marking Traffic Calming
Weightage % Total Breakdown 15 10
Speed table
10
Traffic Sign Electrical Devices
20 15 Traffic Signal Pedestrian Signal Variable Sign Street Lighting
6 3 3 3
Pedestrian Facilities
10 Sidewalk Bus stop
5 5
Kerb
10 Roadside / Median Kerb Traffic Island
Traffic Barrier
5 5 10
Guardrail Concrete / Noise Barrier Crash Cushion Delineator
5 3 2 10
Flexible Pole Road Studs TOTAL
6 4 100
NOTE: The higher weightage are allocated to the elements that controls traffic flow and gives vital information to traffic. Thus, the lower the effect to the road user, the lower the weightage.
Examples of “good” and “poor” quality of road works are provided in the following pages.
17
Figure 3. Examples of Road Surface Conditions: Riding Quality:
Joint smoothness ensures good riding quality
Poor riding quality caused by undulations
Safety:
Carriageway with sufficient crossfall and superelevation
Improper crossfall causing water to pool
Aesthetic:
Consistence surface colour
Surface colour inconsistencies
18
Figure 4. Different Types of Road Surface Defects (Aesthetic):
Cracking
Rutting
Shoving
Bleeding
Patching
Pothole
19
Figure 5. Examples of Slope & Retaining Structure Conditions: Crack and Damaged:
Proper turfing – soft surface cover
Visible Cracks at Rigid Surface
Stabilisation:
Anchorage points firmly fixed
Signs of distress
Above Ground Furniture:
Slope furniture securely fixed
Poor furniture fixtures
20
Figure 6. Examples of Drainage Conditions: Crack & Damaged:
Good Condition of roadside drain
Vertical crack at drain wall
Safety:
Grating cover painted and level to frame
Poor workmanship of grating cover and sump
Functionality:
Clean culvert inlet/outlet
Siltation at culvert inlet/outlet
21
Figure 7. Examples of Bridge & Other Structures Conditions: Crack & Damaged:
Smooth finishing at parapet
Sign of crack at parapet
Joints & Gaps:
Smooth transition at joint
Cracked joint
Finishings:
Smooth finishing
Sign of distress
22
Figure 8. Examples of Traffic/Road Furniture: Crack & Damaged:
Road kerbs in good and clean conditions
Road kerbs cracked and damaged
Visibility:
Road markings distinct and clean
Road markings not distinct
Finishings:
Proper coverings of electrical wiring
Wiring not covered
23
3.4
Assessment Scoring
The quality score of the completed road project is computed based on the number of compliance over the total number of elements assessed and is recorded in the Quality scoring form as shown in Figure 3. The total number of compliance and total number of item assessed as recorded in the site assessment form are summarised in the quality scoring form. The Quality Score for each component is calculated as follows: Quality Score where,
=
Σn
Total Compliance
X 100%
Total Assessed
n = number of components
In the event that each element of a component is weightaged, the Quality Score is calculated as follow: Quality Score where,
=
Σn
Total Compliance
X
Total Assessed
Allocated Weightage Total Actual Weightage
X 100%
n = number of components
The actual weightage is recalculated to take into account items that are not applicable for the specific project. The quality score of each component are further weightage according to the respective road categories to derive the QLASSIC Score as follow: QLASSIC Score where,
=
Σn
Quality Score
n = number of components
24
X
Road Weightage
25
QLASSIC Scoring Forms
Figure 3. Example of QLASSIC Score Form
ANNEX A (Informative) QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ROAD SURFACE WORKS Item 1. 1a
Element
Standards
Tolerance
Assessment Tool
CARRIAGEWAY General Requirements i) Riding Qualtiy
a) Joint smoothness • Construction joints are smooth and flushed with the pavement surface b) Surface Regularity • Transverse irregularities do not exceed the allowable limit: ¾ Road Category A ¾ Road Category B ¾ Road Category C ¾ Road Category D ¾ Road Category E
• Roughness (measured in lane IRI) is not more than the specified value • Maximum permissible number of longitudinal irregularities depth exceeding 4mm over a section length of 75m: ¾ Road Category A ¾ Road Category B ¾ Road Category C ¾ Road Category D ¾ Road Category E • Maximum permissible number of longitudinal irregularities depth exceeding 7mm over a section length of 75m: ¾ Road Category A ¾ Road Category B ¾ Road Category C ¾ Road Category D ¾ Road Category E
- A 1-
As per construction spec.
3 metre straight-edge
3 metre straight-edge ≤4mm ≤4mm ≤8mm ≤8mm ≤12mm ≤2.0m/km
Walking Profiler or equivalent Rolling Straight Edge
≤9 nos. ≤9 nos. ≤18 nos. ≤18 nos. ≤27 nos.
Rolling Straight Edge ≤1 nos. ≤1 nos. ≤2 nos. ≤2 nos. ≤3 nos.
QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ROAD SURFACE WORKS (continued) Item 1. 1a
Element
Standards
Tolerance
Assessment Tool
CARRIAGEWAY (continued) General Requirements (cont’d) i) Riding Quality
ii) Safety
b) Surface Regularity (cont’d) • For longitudinal direction, the maximum surface irregularities depth must not exceed: ¾ Road Category A ¾ Road Category B ¾ Road Category C ¾ Road Category D ¾ Road Category E a) Surface Texture • Surface has sufficient microtexture
• Surface has sufficient macrotexture
≤10 mm ≤10 mm ≤15 mm ≤15 mm ≤15 mm As per construction spec.
Portable Skid resistance Tester or equivalant
As per construction spec.
Sand patch or equivalent
b) Gradient • The surface grades, crossfall, and superelevation are functional with no waterponding iii) Aesthetics
Visual / Inclinometer
a) Surface Appearance, Defects, and Cleanliness •
No visible cracks
Visual
•
No dragging marks
Visual
•
No obstacles, wastes, loose materials
Visual
•
Has consistent color
Visual
•
The road surface has no improper patching
Visual
•
The road surface has no visible potholes
Visual
•
The road has no excessive rutting
•
The road has no visible shovings
Visual
•
No visible bleeding of the pavement
Visual
•
For concrete pavement, no exposed reinforcements
Visual
- A 2-
≤5mm
3 metre straight-edge
Item 1. 1a
Element
Standards
Assessment Tool
CARRIAGEWAY (continued) General Requirements (cont’d) iii) Aesthetics
b) Joints Appearance •
There are no visible cracking on construction joints
Visual
•
Construction joints are not constructed on wheelpath
Visual
2. 2a
Tolerance
SHOULDERS AND VERGE General Requirements i) Safety
ii) Aesthetics
a) Gradient •
The surface grades and crossfall do not cause waterponding or pose safety hazard
•
Height of shoulder should not be higher than road surface or too low
Visual Not lower than 50mm
Inclinometer / Visual / Steel measuring tape
a) Turfing & Edge Defects •
Appropriate turfing.
Visual
•
No edge damage
Visual
b) Surface Appearance, Defects, and Cleanliness Visual
• •
No visible cracks No dragging marks
Visual
•
No obstacles, wastes, loose materials
Visual
• •
Has consistent color No visible shovings
Visual Visual
•
No undesirable disposal of waste construction material
Visual
- A 3-
QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ROAD SURFACE WORKS (continued) Item
Element
Standards
3. 3a
Tolerance
Assessment Tool
MEDIAN General Requirements a) Turfing & Edge Defects a) Aesthetics •
Appropriate turfing.
Visual
•
No edge damage
Visual
b) Surface Appearance, Defects, and Cleanliness •
No undesirable disposal of waste construction material
Visual
NOTE: This standard is primarily for new roads of flexible pavements. For other types of pavements, specific requirements/standards in terms of surface regularity and surface texture shall be as per contractual agreement.
-A4-
ANNEX B (Informative) QUALITY STANDARD FOR SLOPE & RETAINING STRUCTURE WORKS Item 1 1a.
Element
Assessment Tool
SLOPES: ROCK, RIGID & SOFT SURFACE COVER
i) Crack and Damage
• No visible crack, damage and spalling
Visual
ii) Joint, Filler and gaps
• No open joints
Visual
• No loose rock debris
Visual
• No missing or deteriorated joint filler and sealant
Visual
• No eroded area/erosion scar
Visual
• No bare slope surface
Visual
• No undesirable vegetation growth
Visual
• No dead, decaying or unstable trees
Visual
• Contact with soil underneath
Visual
• No severely corroded anchorage points
Visual
• No damaged wire mesh or rock netting
Visual
• No signs of cracking and any defects at rock bolt and concrete cover
Visual
• Anchorage points must remain intact and firmly fixed to the rock slope
Visual
iv) Finishing
v) Installation Rock Slope i) Crack and Damage
ii) Installation
2 2a
Tolerance
General Requirements
iii) Functionality
1b.
Standards
RETAINING STRUCTURE General Requirements i) Crack and Damage
• No crack, damage and spalling of concrete surface
Visual
ii) Joint, Filler and gaps
• No missing, deteriorated joint filler and sealant
Visual
• Gaps between facing panels are free from any undesirable vegetation growth
Visual
-B 1-
QUALITY STANDARD FOR SLOPE & RETAINING STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item 2 2a
3 3a
Element
3c
Tolerance
Assessment Tool
RETAINING STRUCTURE (continued) General Requirements (cont’d) iii) Functionality
• No sign of distress, settlement and tension crack, deformation, tilting and bulging of the retaining structure
Visual
iv) Finishing
• Should not have visual exposure of groups of coarse aggregates resulting from grout leakage
Visual
• No undesirable vegetation growth
Visual
• No debris from defense measures
Visual
• No exposed rebar
Visual
• No dislocation of masonry blocks
Visual
SLOPE DRAINAGE General Requirements i) Functionality
3b
Standards
• Free flowing and no ponding of water
Visual
• No accumulated debris, undesirable vegetation and other obstructions in drainage channel
Visual
i) Crack and Damage
• No visible crack, damage, and spalling
Visual
ii) Joint, Filler and gaps
• No missing or deteriorated joint filler and sealant
Visual
• No gaps between drainage and soil
Visual
i) Crack and Damage
• No crack, damage and spalling of concrete surface
Visual
ii) Functionality
• No traces of seepage
Visual
• No obstruction in weepholes and pipe ends
Visual
Surface Drain
Subsurface Drain
-B 2-
QUALITY STANDARD FOR SLOPE & RETAINING STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item 4 4a
4b
Element
Tolerance
Assessment Tool
ABOVE GROUND SERVICES Surface water carrying services i) Crack and Damage
• No visible damage
Visual
ii) Functionality
• No leaks at exposed water carrying services
Visual
iii) Installation
• Pipes properly supported and bent without damage
Visual
Buried water services i) Functionality
5 5a
Standards
• No signs of water leakage from services
Visual and Leak Detection Equipment
SLOPE FURNITURE General Requirements i) Crack and Damage
• No stain mark
Visual
• No visible damage / defect
Visual
• No sign of corrosion
Visual
ii) Finishing
• Level and in alignment
Visual
iii) Installation
• Secured and safe
Visual
-B 3-
ANNEX C (Informative) QUALITY STANDARD FOR DRAINAGE WORKS Item 1. 1a.
Element
Standards DRAIN
i) Crack and Damage
• No visible damage e.g cracks, leaks
Visual (1.2m distance from structure)
ii) Joints and Gap
• Consistent joint width and neat joint
Visual
• Consistent gap
Visual Visual
• Clear and free from silt, debris and vegetation growth • Flowing with no obstruction or ponding water • No erosion or scour in earth channel
Visual Visual
DRAIN COVER General Requirements i) Joints and Gap
• No gaps between drain covers • No gaps between side of drain
ii) Finishing
• Covers to be leveled with frames • Grating cover to be properly painted
3. 3a.
Assessment Tool
General Requirements
iii) Functionality
2. 2a.
Tolerance
Visual Visual Visual Visual
SUMP General Requirements i) Functionality
• Clear and free from silt, debris and vegetation growth
Visual
• Invert level at drain inlet is higher than drain outlet
Visual
• Sitting below invert level of incoming drains or culverts • Free flowing with no obstruction ii) Finishing
• Exposed brickwork to be finished with neat joint
- C 1-
Visual Visual Visual
QUALITY STANDARD FOR DRAINAGE WORKS (continued) Item 4. 4a
Element
Standards
Assessment Tool
CULVERT General Requirement i) Functionality
• Clear and free from silt, debris and vegetation growth • Recent high water mark at up stream not higher than culvert internal diameter
ii) Finishing
Visual (Use torchlight) Visual
• No sign of erosion/siltation
Visual
• No visible water ponding (For dry culvert)
Visual
• Free flowing with consistent gradient (for waterway crossing)
4b
Tolerance
• End of pipe to be normal to the headwall and centerline of the pipe
Visual (use ping pong ball)
Visual
Box / Pipe Culvert Body (Steel) i) Crack and Damage
ii) Joint and Gap
• No erosion or rusting of steel
Visual
• Steel member not fractured
Visual
• No permanent deformation
Visual
• No paint deterioration
Visual
• No loose or missing fastener at connection
Visual
- C 2-
QUALITY STANDARD FOR DRAINAGE WORKS (continued) Item 4c.
Element
Tolerance
Assessment Tool
Box / Pipe Culvert Body (Concrete) i) Crack and Damage
ii) Joint and Gap
4d.
Standards • No visible damage e.g. large or deep cracks, leaks etc.
Visual
• Free from rust stain due to corrosion of reinforcement
Visual
• Assembled and jointed to line and level
Visual
Headwall and Wingwall i) Crack and Damage
• No crack through the full thickness of the wall
Visual
• No honey combing or open texture
Visual
• Free from rust stain due to corrosion of reinforcement
Visual
• No sign of erosion, undermining and settlement
- C 3-
Visual
ANNEX D (Informative) QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS Item I. A.
B.
Element GENERAL REQUIREMENT
PIERS (pile cap& end, pier wall and column)
Standards 1)
1)
2)
C.
ABUTMENTS (Including headwall and wingwall)
1)
2)
3)
4)
Tolerance
ROAD/PEDESTRIAN/MOTORCYCLE BRIDGE Crack and Damage • No horizontal or vertical crack at concrete structure • No crack or fracture at steel member Crack and Damage • No rust stain/marine growth at exposed surface • No tilt or settlement Finishing • No material deterioration or honey combing • No concrete discoloration • Formwork joint not visible Crack and Damage • No deteriorating concrete in areas that exposed to roadway drainage • Construction joints at backwalls not crack or move Finishing • No rust stain in the exposed concrete • No stain or patching • No left over foreign material on finish surface • Formwork joint not visible Functionality • Drains and weep holes are clear and functioning properly • No sign of erosion around the abutment Installation • Interlocking abutment (if any) properly installed -D 1-
Assessment Tool Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual
Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual
Visual Visual
Visual
QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item D.
Element BEARING PADS
Standards 1)
Crack and Damage • No splitting or tearing, either vertically or horizontally •
2)
E.
STEEL BEAM/GIRDER
1)
2) 3)
No bulging on the sides of the pads caused by excessive compression
Visual
Visual
No variable thickness other than due to normal rotation of the bearing
Functionality • No abnormal flattening due to overloading • No displacement
Assessment Tool Visual
Finishing • No debris/vegetation or ponding water •
3)
Tolerance
Visual
Visual < 3mm
Steel measuring tape
Crack and Damage • Steel members show neither corrosion nor rusting
Visual
Joints and Gap • No loose or missing fastener
Visual
Finishing • No deformation of steel member
Visual
-D 2-
QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item F.
G.
Element CONCRETE BEAM/ GIRDER (Beam, Cross beam)
STEEL DECK SLAB
Standards 1)
1)
Finishing • No spalling concrete, especially at point of bearing
Tolerance
Assessment Tool Visual
•
Expose concrete surface free from rust stains due to corrosion of reinforcement
Visual
•
Disintegrated concrete at area exposed to roadway drainage
Visual
•
Debris and standing water not appear at the top of cross beams
Visual
Crack and Damage • Steel members are not corroded
Visual
•
No deformation of steel members
Visual
•
Slab free from water leaking
Visual
Joints and Gap • No loose or missing fastener at connection
Visual
-D 3-
QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item
H.
Element
CONCRETE DECK SLAB
Standards
1)
2)
I.
J.
SURFACING
EXPANSION JOINT
1)
1)
2)
Tolerance
Crack and Damage • No surface defect especially near the expansion joint
Visual
Finishing • No map cracking of wearing surface which develop by reflection cracking of concrete deck • Smooth riding transition from one pavement segment to the next
Visual
Visual
Finishing • Pavement in good condition with no potholes or cracks • Proper crossfall • For pedestrian bridge, finish materials are properly install • No loss of bond and delamination • No wheel track rutting • No settlement/depression at approach slab to abutment
Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual
Crack and Damage • No water leaking •
No difference in level
•
No abnormal spacing
Finishing • Securely fixed/using appropriate material
-D 4-
Assessment Tool
Visual ≤ 10mm
Steel measuring tape Visual Visual
QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item K.
Element DRAIN PIPES
Standards 1) 2)
3)
L.
PARAPET/HAND RAIL
1) 2) 3)
4)
Crack and Damage • Pipes not damage Functionality • Drain opening and outlet provided and no clogging • Evenness of scupper drain • No entrapped water which cause deterioration • No sand and debris at drain opening • No sign of leaking Installation • Proper drain direction • Hanger properly located and spacing.
Crack and Damage • No impact damage or spalling at concrete Joints and Gap • Concrete expansion joint to be neat Installation • Handrail joint provided at correct location • Bridge parapet consistently align to road carriageway • Hand railing properly fixed • No loose or missing fasteners at every joints of steel member Finishing • Consistent painting for steel railing • Neat concrete finishing at all jointing
-D 5-
Tolerance
Assessment Tool Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual
Visual Visual
Visual Visual
Visual Visual Visual Visual
Visual Visual
QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item
Element
M.
RAMP/STAIRCAS E (PEDESTRIAN/R AMP BRIDGE)
Standards 1)
2)
N.
ROOF (PEDESTRIAN/R AMP BRIDGE)
1) 2)
Finishing • Consistent friction between ramp surface and motorbike tyre • Staircase with consistent step height and landing width • Ramp with safe gradient for motorbike Installation • Ramp/staircase aligned with pedestrian walkway Crack and Damage • No crack or damage Finishing • Roof properly fixed with no loose jointing
-D 6-
Tolerance
Assessment Tool Visual Visual Visual
Visual
Visual Visual
QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item
Element
II. A.
Standards
GENERAL REQUIREMENT
1)
2)
Crack and Damage • No water leakage or water penetration through concrete/steel surface
3)
CONCRETE STRUCTURE
1)
STEEL STRUCTURE
1)
No settlement occur in transition area
Joints and Gap • No loose or missing connection bolt of fabricated concrete, steel and cast iron liners. •
C.
Assessment Tool
UNDERPASS/VEHICULAR BOX CULVERT AND TUNNEL
•
B.
Tolerance
Gasket between segmental tunnel liners not dislodged from the joint.
Visual
Visual
Visual
Visual
Finishing • Colour of wall to be bright and clean
Visual
Crack and Damage • No crack or scaling on structure
Visual
Crack and Damage • Steel members are not corrosion and crack
Visual
•
No buckles and kinks
-D 7-
Visual
QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item D.
E.
Element ROAD SURFACE
TRAFFIC SIGN
Standards 1)
1)
2) F.
MARKINGS
1)
Finishing • Pavement in good condition with no pot-holes, cracks or wheel track rutting
DRAINAGE
1)
2)
H.
VENTILATION SYSTEM (Fan, airway, louver, motor operated and dampers)
1)
2)
Assessment Tool Visual
•
Proper crossfall
Visual
•
No loss of bond and delimitation
Visual
Crack & Damage • No visible damage (not bend, broken or dented)
Visual
Visibility • Distinctly visible Visibility • Marking is distinct and clean •
G.
Tolerance
Recto reflective of road marking
Crack and Damage • No visible damage e.g. cracks, leaks Functionality • Capable of handling water flow • Sump pumps are clear of debris to permit free flow through the drain Finishing • All equipment in good condition Functionality • Fan and associated motor – operated dampers are operational • Airways (where accessible) are free of obstruction and debris
-D 8-
Visual Visual Visual
Visual
Visual Visual
Visual
Visual Visual
QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item
Element
I.
CONTROL PANEL
J.
K.
Standards 1)
PLUMBING SYSTEM
FIRE PROTECTION (Fire extinguishers, hose connections, piping, pumping system, circulation pumps and hose reels)
Crack and Damage • Piping is free of leakage
1)
2)
3)
L.
POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Functionality • Control panel indicators are functioning
1)
2)
3)
Tolerance
Assessment Tool Visual
Visual
Functionality • Plumbing fixtures are properly install and function
Visual
Installation • All equipments are properly fixed.
Visual
Finishing • Fire protection storage tanks, alarm and level switches in good condition Functionality • Fire control panel is functioning Crack and Damage • No sign of damage and overheating equipment • No damage or corrosion of wiring system Installation • Enclosure box covers and conduit are in place and secure Functionality • Motor controller properly operate
-D 9-
Visual
Visual
Visual Visual
Visual
Visual
QUALITY STANDARD FOR BRIDGE AND OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) Item
Element
Standards
M.
EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM
1)
Functionality • System is functioning when the normal power fails
N.
LIGHTING SYSTEM
1)
Crack and Damage • No visible damage of all lightings • Bulb not burnt out
2)
3)
O.
FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM
1) 2)
P.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM (SCADA, CCTV Cameras, telephone and radio)
1)
Installation • Lighting is properly fixed and clean Functionality • Sufficient lighting provided • Lighting with different ranges of nighttime and daytime illumination
Tolerance
Assessment Tool
Visual Visual Visual
Visual Visual
Crack and damage • Drill switch in good condition
Visual
Functionality • Annunciators and notification appliances are functioning
Visual
Functionality • Communication devices are functioning • Traffic signals properly operate
-D 10-
Visual Visual
ANNEX E (Informative) QUALITY STANDARD FOR TRAFFIC / ROADSIDE FURNITURE WORKS Item 1. 1a
Element
Standards
General Requirements • Marking is distinct and clean • Recto reflective of road marking
ii) Finishing
3. 3a
Assessment Tool
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
i) Visibility
2. 2a
Tolerance
Visual White= 90mcd/lx.m², Yellow= 65mcd/lx.m²
Drive on road (night) and Rectro reflective-meter
• No other patches and spray and crack on the painting
Visual
• Markings is aligned to the edge line of the road
Visual
TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES Speed Hump / Speed Table i) Visibility
• Painting is distinct and clean
Visual
ii) Finishing
• Interlocking pavers are properly interlocked with no missing pavers
Visual
TRAFFIC SIGN General Requirement i) Crack and Damage
• No visible damage (broken, dented, rusty)
Visual
ii) Functionality
• Mounted facing the direction of the traffic that is being served
Visual
iii) Visibility
• Sign face and painting is distinct, no paint peeling and no debris on the signs
Visual
• Sign face is not obstructed by any object
Visual
iv) Installation
• Night time visibility
Visual (Flash with Torch light)
• Pole is sturdy, straight and secure
Physical/Plumb Bob/Spirit level
-E 1-
QUALITY STANDARD FOR TRAFFIC / ROADSIDE FURNITURE WORKS (continued) Item 3.
4 4a
Element v) Finishing
Standards TRAFFIC SIGN (continued) • Proper joint and no visible gap of the sign face • Paint of the sign pole is clean & no patches
Assessment Tool Visual Visual
ELECTRICAL DEVICES : TRAFFIC/PEDESTRIAN SIGNAL, STREET LIGHTING, MESSAGE SIGNS General Requirements i) Crack and Damage
• No visible damage (broken, dented, rusty)
Visual
ii) Functionality
• All light bulb / LED are lighted
Visual
• Push button facility is operational when pressed
Visual
• Lighting covers the traffic lane continuously i.e. no zebra effect/ blackspot
Visual
• Distinct and clear
Visual
• Facing the traffic lane served
Visual
• Paint is clean i.e. no bleeds or patches
Visual
iii) Visibility
iv) Finishing
• Reflective border is clear and not peeling • Made good for the footing & its surrounding v) Installation
• Pole is sturdy and vertically straight • Wire is hidden and wire casing is closed
5 5a
Tolerance
Visual Visual Physical/Visual/ Plumb Bob/Spirit level Visual
• No displaced grass/landscape at foundation
Visual
• All components must securely installed
Visual
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES Sidewalk and railing i) Crack and Damage
• No visible damage (broken, dented, rusty)
Visual
ii) Finishing
• Surface is even and flat
Visual
• Paint is clean and distinct
Visual
• No overgrown grass
Visual -E 2-
QUALITY STANDARD FOR TRAFFIC / ROADSIDE FURNITURE WORKS (continued) Item
Element
5 iii) Installation 5b
Standards
PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES (continued) • Railing is sturdy
Physical/Visual
i) Crack and Damage
• No sign of leaking
Visual
• Fixtures are not damaged
Visual
ii) Finishing
• No overgrown grass or trees • All components must properly painted
Visual Visual
iii) Installation
• Fixtures are sturdy
Physical/Visual
KERB : ROAD SIDE, MEDIAN, TRAFFIC ISLAND General Requirements i) Crack and Damage
• No visible damage (broken, dented, rusty)
Visual
ii) Finishing
• No overgrown grass
Visual
• Paint is clean and distinct (no patches or bleeding )
Visual
• Joint is not too wide iii) Installation
25mm (desirable)
• Kerbs are installed consistently align to the alignment
7 7a
Assessment Tool
Bus Stop (includes seats and railings)
6 6a
Tolerance
Steel ruler Visual
TRAFFIC BARRIER Guardrail i) Crack and Damage
• No visible damage (broken, dented, rusty)
Visual
ii) Visibility
• Distinct and clean
Visual
• Reflective strips are clearly to be seen
Visual
• No displaced grass/pavement at foundation / made good to the foundation
Visual
iii) Finishing
• Consistently aligned to the carriageway
-E 3-
Visual
QUALITY STANDARD FOR TRAFFIC / ROADSIDE FURNITURE WORKS (continued) Item
Element
Standards
7
8 8a
• Guardrail post is secure
Physical/Visual
• W-beam is securely bolted to the splice and post
Visual
• Guardrail joint is not against the traffic flow
Visual
Concrete & Noise Barrier i) Crack and Damage
• No visible damage (broken, cracked or chipped)
Visual
ii) Visibility
• Paints are distinct & clean, no debris and no patches
Visual
• Reflective strips / sheets are clean and not bend
Visual
• No overgrown grass
Visual
• No discolouration
Visual
i) Crack and Damage
• No visible damage (broken, dented, cracked)
Visual
ii) Visibility
• Reflective strips are clean
Visual
iii) Finishing
• No overgrown grass
Visual
iv) Installation
• Cartridge is inflated
Visual
• Crash cushion is facing on-coming traffic flow
Visual
iii) Finishing
7c
Assessment Tool
TRAFFIC BARRIER (continued) iv) Installation
7b
Tolerance
Crash Cushion
DELINEATOR: ROAD STUDS, FLEXIBLE POLE General Requirements i) Crack and • No visible damage (broken, dented, Damage cracked)
ii) Visibility
iii) Installation
Visual
• Reflective sheet not peeling
Visual
• Reflective and clearly seen
Visual
• Seen during night time
Visual (night time drive)
• Securely installed
Visual / Physical
• Consistently aligned to the road carriageway -E 4-
Visual
ANNEX F QLASSIC ASSESSMENT FORM Component 1: Road Surface Project Name: Project ID: Road Category: Carriageway Type: Single/Dual Type of Surfacing :
Assessor 1: Assessor 2: Date:
Element
Carriageway Defect Group
Riding Quality
Safety
Shoulder and Verge Aesthetics
Safety
Aesthetics
Median Aesthetics
Sample Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right Left Right
Total Compliance Total Assessment *Tolerance Table Riding Quality i) Joint Smoothness ii) Surface regularity - Traverse irregularities - Lane IRI - Longitudinal irregularities (depth >4mm over 75m) - Longitudinal irregularities (depth >7mm over 75m) - Maximum surface irregularities Safety i) Microtexture ii) Macrotexture Aesthetic i) Rutting
General
Category A & B Category C & D Category E
≤ 3 mm
≤ 2.0m/km
≤ 4 mm
≤ 8 mm
≤ 12 mm
≤ 9 nos ≤ 1 nos ≤ 10 mm
≤ 18 nos ≤ 2 nos ≤ 15 mm
≤ 27 nos ≤ 3 nos ≤ 15 mm
As per Construction Specifications As per Construction Specifications ≤ 5 mm
- F1 -
ANNEX G QLASSIC ASSESSMENT FORM Component 2: Slope and Retaining Structures Assessor 1: Assessor 2: Date:
Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Sample ______ Left (km From ____ to ____) Right Total Compliance Total Assessment NOTE: * = included rock slope, rigid and soft surface cover
- G1 -
General Requirements
Installation
Functionality
Installation
Functionality
Crack & Damages
Functionality
Slope Furniture
Finishing
Above Ground Service
Subsurface Surface Water Buried Drain Carrying Water Crack & Damages
Joint, Filler & Gaps
Crack & Damages
Surface Drain
Crack & Damages
Slope Drainange General Requirements
Finishing
Functionality
Joint, Filler & Gaps
Installation
Finishing
Installation
Functionality
Joint, Filler & Gaps
Sample
Crack & Damages
Defect Group
Crack & Damages
Rock Slope
General Requirements
Retaining Structure General Requirements Crack & Damages
Slopes *
Elements
Functionality
Project Name: Project ID: Road Category: Carriageway Type: Single/Dual
ANNEX H QLASSIC ASSESSMENT FORM
Component 3: Drainage
Project Name:
Assessor 1:
Project ID:
Assessor 2:
Road Category:
Date:
Carriageway Type: Single/Dual
Left
Sample _______ (KM From ___ to ____)
Median
Right
Left
Sample ______ (KM From ____ to ____)
Median
Right
Left
Sample ______ (KM From ____ to ____)
Median
Right
Left
Sample ______ (KM From ____ to ____)
Median
Right
Left
Sample ______ (KM From ____ to ____)
Median
Right
Left
Sample ______ (KM From ____ to ____)
Median
Right
Total of Compliance
Total of Assessed
- H1 -
Finishing
HEADWALL & WINGWALL
Finishing
Functionality
Joint & Gap
Crack & Damage
CULVERT BODY (RC/STEEL)
Functionality
Finishing
Crack & Damage
SUMP
Finishing
Joint & Gap
Crack & Damage
DRAIN COVER
Functionality
Sample
Joint & Gap
Defect Group
Crack & Damage
DRAIN
CULVERTS (BOX/PIPE)
Crack & Damage
SURFACE DRAIN
- I1 -
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Abutments
Crack & Damage
Finishing
Crack & Damage
Functionality
3. More than 100 numbers = 15 numbers samples
2. 51 to 100 numbers = 10 numbers sample
1. Less than 50 numbers = 5 numbers sample
Finishing
Finishing
Finishing
Joint & Gap
Crack & Damage
Functionality
Concrete Deck Slab
Above ground Structures Steel Deck Slab
Crack & Damage
Concrete Beam / Girder
Finishing
Steel Beam / Girder
Crack & Damage
Finishing
Crack & Damage
installation
NOTE : Sampling guide for Girder/beam, Pier and Bearing Pad at each bridge. Random sample selected and marked on As Built Drawing before inspection.
Total Assessed
Total Compliance
Sample _____ (km ______
Sample _____ (km ______
Sample _____ (km ______
Sample _____ (km ______
Sample _____ (km ______
Sample ____ (km ______
Sample
Defect Group
Pier
Bearing Pad
Surfacing
Crack & Damage
Joint & Gap
Crack & Damage
Elements
Finishing
Date:
Expansion Joint
Crack & Damage
Carriageway Type: Single/Dual
Finishing
Assessor 2:
Drain Pipe/Drain Opening
Crack & Damage
Road Category:
Functionality
Assessor 1:
Installation
Project ID:
Parapet / Handrail
Joint & Gaps
Project Name:
Finishing
Component 4: Above Ground Structures : Road/Pedestrian/motorcycle Bridge
Ramp / Staircase
Finishing
QLASSIC ASSESSMENT FORM
Installation
ANNEX I1
Roof
Finishing
Crack & Damage installation
Crack & Damage
- I2 -
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Right
Left
Total Assessed
Total Compliance
Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Sample ______ (km From ____ to ____)
Sample
Defect Group
Steel Structure
Crack & Damage
Concrete Structure
Road Surface
s
g
MVentilation System
Finishing
Functionality
Crack & Damage
Visibily
Crack & Damage
Finishing
Finishing
Joint & Gap
Crack & Damage
Drainage n i k r a l e
nPlumbing a P System
Crack & Damage
Traffic Signs
Functionality
General Requirements o
l o r t n
Functionality
Functionality
Crack & Damage
Underpass / Vehicular Box Culverts and Tunnel
Finishing
Elements
Functionality
Date:
Cn
Installation
Carriageway Type: Single/Dual
o i t c e t o yr P c Power System
Functionality
Road Category:
Crack & Damage
Assessor 1:
Lighting o Ei t System u b i r Fire t s Detection i D r e Communication w o P n e e r ig Fr e nm System System System
Functionality
Assessor 2:
Installation
Project ID:
Crack & Damage
Project Name:
Functionality
Component 4: Underpass/Vehicular Box Culvert and Tunnel
Installation
QLASSIC ASSESSMENT FORM
Functionality
ANNEX I2
Functionality
Visibily
- J1 -
Right
Median
Left
Right
Median
Left
Right
Median
Left
Right
Median
Left
Right
Median
Left
Speed Hump / Table
General Requirements
Crack & Demage
Finishing
Visibility
Visibility
*** = include Road Studs and Flexible Pole
** = include Road side, Median and Traffic island kerbs
* = include Traffic / Pedestrian Signal, Street Light, Message Sign
NOTE:
Total Assessment
Total Compliance
Sample ___ (km From ________ to _____)
Sample ___ (km From ________ to _____)
Sample ___ (km From ________ to _____)
Sample ___ (km From ________ to _____)
Sample ___ (km From ________ to _____)
Sample
Defect Group
Traffic Calming Devices
Finishing
Pavement Markings
Finishing
Crack & Demage
Installation
Finishing
Crack & Demage
Finishing
Visibility
Functionality
Visibility
Functionality
Bus stop (Seats & railing)
General Requirements Crack & Demage
Sidewalk & Railing
Finishing
General Requirements
Installation
General Requirements
Installation
Kerb** Guardrail
Visibility
Pedestrian Facilities
Finishing
Electrical Devices*
Traffic Barrier Concrete & Noise Barrier Crack & Demage
Traffic Sign
Visibility
Element
Finishing
Assessor 1 : Assessor 2: Date:
Crash Cushion
Visibility
Project Name: Project ID: Road Category: Carriageway Type: Single/Dual
Finishing
Component 5: Traffic/Roadside Furniture
Delineator*** General Requirements Crack & Demage
QLASSIC ASSESSMENT FORM
Visibility
ANNEX J
Installation
Installation
Crack & Demage
Installation
Crack & Demage
Installation
Crack & Demage
Installation
ANNEX K (Informative) DEFECT GROUP FOR ASSESSMENT OF ROAD SURFACE WORKS
ELEMENTS Carriageway
DEFECT GROUP Riding Quality
DEFECT DESCRIPTION • •
• •
Safety
Aesthetics
• • • • • • • • •
TOLERANCE
Joints are smooth and flushed Maximum Transverse Regularity
As per Construction Specifications
International Roughness Index Maximum number of longitudinal regularities exceeding allowable limit, over a traverse length of 75m
≤ 2 m/km
Microtexture Macrotexture Gradient No cracks/dragging marks/patching No loose material/potholes No excessive rutting No shovings/ bleedings No exposed reinforcement (concrete) Joints not cracked/on wheelpath
-K1-
A B C D E
4mm 4mm 8mm 8mm 12mm
>4mm >7mm >10mm >15mm A 9 nos. 1 nos. 0 0 B 9 nos. 1 nos. 0 0 C 18 nos. 2 nos. 2 nos. 0 D 18 nos. 2 nos. 2 nos. 0 E 27 nos. 3 nos. 3 nos. 0 As per Construction Specifications As per Construction Specifications Water drainable (No water ponding)
≤5mm
DEFECT GROUP FOR ASSESSMENT OF ROAD SURFACE WORKS (continued) ELEMENTS Shoulder and Verge
DEFECT GROUP Safety Aesthetics
DEFECT DESCRIPTION
TOLERANCE
• •
No waterponding Shoulder not too low
Not lower than 50mm
•
No cracks/dragging marks/patching No loose material/potholes No overgrown turfing No damaged edge of pavement No shovings/ bleedings No undesirable construction waste
• • • • •
Median
Aesthetics
• • •
No overgrown turfing No damaged edge of pavement No undesirable construction waste
-K2-
ANNEX L (Informative) DEFECT GROUP FOR ASSESSMENT OF SLOPE & RETAINING STRUCTURES WORKS ELEMENTS Slope
DEFECT GROUP Crack & Damages Joints, filler & gaps Functionality Finishing Installation
Retaining Structure
Crack and Damage Joint, fillers & gap Functionality Finishing
Slope Drainage
Crack & Damage Joint, fillers & gaps
DEFECT DESCRIPTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Functionality Above ground services Slope Furniture
Crack & Damage Functionality Installation Crack & Damage Finishing Installation
• • • • • • • •
No visible crack, damages and spalling No corroded anchorage points (rock slope) No damaged wire mesh/rock netting No open joints/loose debris No missing/deteriorated fillers/sealant No eroded area/bare surface No undesirable vegetation/dead /unstable trees Contact with soil underneath Anchorage is intact & firmly fixed (rock slope) No visible crack, damages and spalling No missing/deteriorated fillers/sealant No undesirable vegetation at panel gaps No signs of distress, settlement, deformation, tilting, bulging No exposed aggregates/rebar No undesirable vegetation No dislocation of masonry blocks Crack, damage and spalling No missing and deteriorated joint fillers/sealant No gaps between drainage & soil (surface drain) No seepage No obstruction in weepholes/pipe ends No visible damage/ No leaks Pipes properly supported, not damaged No stain marks/visible damage/corrosion Level and in alignment Secured/sturdy
- L1 -
TOLERANCE
ANNEX M (Informative) DEFECT GROUP FOR DRAINAGE WORKS
ELEMENTS Drain
Drain Cover
Sump
Culvert
DEFECT GROUP
DEFECT DESCRIPTION
Crack and Damage
•
No visible damages/cracks
Joint and Gap
• •
Consistent joint width and neat Consistent gap
Functionality
• • •
Joint and Gap
•
Clear and free from silt/debris/vegetation Free flowing with no ponding water No visible erosion or scouring in earth channel No gaps between drain covers, side of drain
Finishing
• •
Covers level with frame Gratings painted properly
Functionality
Finishing
• • • • •
Clear and free from silt/debris/vegetation Free flowing with no ponding water Inlet invert level is higher than outlet Sitting below invert level of incoming drain Neat joints
Crack and Damage
• •
No erosion/rusting/deformation (steel culvert) No honey combed/open texture (headwall/wingwall)
Functionality
• •
•
Clear and free from silt/debris/vegetation Water mark level at up stream not higher than culvert internal diameter Free flowing with consistent gradient and no ponding (dry culvert) Assembled and jointed to line and level (concrete culvert) No loose or missing fastener (steel culvert)
Crack and Damage
•
No visible damage/defect
Finishing
• • •
End pipe normal to headwall and centre Surface smooth and even Free from rust stain
• Jointing and Gap
•
-M1-
TOLERANCE
ANNEX N (Informative) DEFECT GROUP FOR ASSESSMENT OF BRIDGE & OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS
ELEMENTS
DEFECT GROUP
Above ground structure / bridge
Crack and Damage
Jointing and Gap
Functionality
Finishing
DEFECT DESCRIPTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Installation
• • • •
No visible crack/defect/fracture No corrosion/ fracture/deformation of steel members No tilt/settlement (pier, expansion joint) No deterioration of concrete (abutment) No splitting/tearing/bulging (bearing pads) No abnormal spacing (expansion joint) No leakages (drain pipes) No cracked joints (abutment, joint) No loose/missing fastener (steel beam/girder, slab, roof) Drains/weepholes/outlets are clear No abnormal flattening (bearing pads) No debris / ponding water (beams, slab, drain) Evenness (scupper drain) No deterioration/honey comb (pier, beam) No debris/vegetation/ponding (bearing pads) No variable thickness other than normal rotation (bearing pads) No deformation of steel members (steel beam/girder) No spalling concrete No rust stains No pot holes (surface) Proper crossfall (surface) No rutting (surface) Consistent painting Consistent step height & landing width (stairs) Safe gradient (motorcycle ramp)
Hanger properly located and spaced (drain pipes) Fixtures securely fixed (handrail) Consistently aligned to road (parapet) Ramp/staircase aligned to pedestrian walkway
-N1-
TOLERANCE
DEFECT GROUP FOR ASSESSMENT OF BRIDGE & OTHER STRUCTURE WORKS (continued) ELEMENTS
DEFECT GROUP
Underpass / Vehicle Box Culvert, Tunnel
Crack and Damage
Jointing and Gap Functionality
DEFECT DESCRIPTION • • • • • • • •
No water leakages No settlement No crack/spalling No corrosion/buckle/kinks No visible damage/cracks No overheating (equipments) No loose/missing connection bolt No dislodged gasket
• • •
No ponding Clear of debris/obstruction (drain, airways) Equipments are operational (dampers, control panel, fire control, communication) Equipments are operational when power failure (emergency power system) No burnt bulbs Consistent lighting (no blackspots/zebra effects) Clean wall No potholes/cracks/wheel track rutting (surface) Proper crossfall No loss of bond/delamination (surface) Equipments in good condition/clean Markings is distinct (pavement marking) Recto reflective of road markings
• • • Finishing
Visibility Installation
• • • • • • • • •
Equipments are securely installed (lightings, electrical equipments) Box covers are in place & secured
-N2-
TOLERANCE
ANNEX O (Informative) DEFECT GROUP FOR ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC & ROADSIDE FURNITURE WORKS
ELEMENTS Pavement Markings
Traffic Calming Device Traffic Sign
DEFECT GROUP Visibility
• Marking is clearly seen • Night time visibility
Finishing
• • • •
No other patches / crack Properly / uniformly align Marking is clearly seen No missing pavers
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
No visible damage (broken, dented, rusty) Sign is facing on-coming traffic Marking is clearly seen Night time visibility Sturdy & straight No visible gap & proper joint of the signage face Paint of the signage pole is clean & no patches No visible damage (broken, dented, rusty) All bulb & LED is lighted Push button is functional when pressed No blackspot and zebra effect Message/Symbol is clearly seen Paint/reflective border is clean/not peeling Made good at foundation Sturdy & straight Wiring is hidden & covered No displace turfing at foundation No visible damage (broken, dented, rusty) No leakage (bus stop) Surface is flat & even Paint is clean No overgrown grass Fixtures are sturdy No visible damage (crack, broken) No overgrown grass Painting is clean Kerb joints not too wide Consistently aligned to road
Visibility Aesthetic Crack & Damage Functionality Visibility Installation Finishing
Electrical Devices
Crack & Damage Functionality Visibility Finishing Installation
Pedestrian Facilities
Crack & Damage Finishing
Kerb
DEFECT DESCRIPTION
Installation Crack & Damage Finishing Installation
-O1-
TOLERANCE
DEFECT GROUP FOR ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC & ROADSIDE FURNITURE WORKS (continued) ELEMENTS Traffic Barrier
DEFECT GROUP Crack & Damage Visibility Finishing Installation
Delineator
Crack & Damage Visibility Installation
DEFECT DESCRIPTION • • • • • • • • • • • •
No visible damage (crack, broken, dented) Clearly seen (day & night) No displaced grass at foundation No discolouration (concrete/noise barrier) Consistently aligned to road Post is secure/securely bolted Joint is not against traffic flow Cartridge is inflated (crash cushion) No visible damage (crack, broken) Clearly seen (day & night) Securely installed Consistently aligned to road
-O2-
TOLERANCE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The committee which developed this Malaysian Construction Industry Standard consists of the following representatives: Ir Sia Han See (Chairman : 2009 - 2010 April)
Construction Industry Development Board Ir Mukhtar Che Ali (Chairman : 2010 May - Present) Construction Industry Development Board Mohammad Faizal Bin Abdul Hamid (Secretary) Construction Industry Development Board Ir Shamsuddin Bin Sabri / Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmad
Highway Planning Unit, Ministry of Works, Malaysia
Zahratul `Ula Binti Mohamad Ibrahim/ Mohd Faizan Ibrahim
Malaysia Highway Authority
Ir Assoc Prof Adnan Bin Zulkiflie/ Ir Chin Kar Keong
The Institution of Engineers Malaysia
Ir Anuar Bin Abdul Mohd Aris/ Ir Hamzah Bin Ismail
The Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
Asmaniza Binti Asnan/ Johari Jivisol Abdullah
PLUS Expressway Berhad
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