BSA 3113 PRINCIPLES PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
PrimaryElements Form Form & Space
Organization Circulation
BSA 3113 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
ORGANIZATION
Proportion & Scale
Principles
Spatial Relationship
Spatial Organization
Space Within a Space
Centralized
Interlocking Spaces
Linear
Adj A djacen acentt Spa pace ces s
Radial
Linked by a Common Spaces
Clustered
Grid
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Spatial Relationship Space within a space Lays out the basic ways the spaces of a building can be related to one
another & organized into coherent patterns of form & space.
Interlocking spaces Adjacent spaces Spaces linked by a common space
1. Space within a Space
Space within a Space
Different in size is necessary between the two spaces.
The larger space envelope and contain a smaller space within its volume The smaller space depends on the larger space for relationship to the exterior environment
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Space within a Space
2. Interlocking Spaces
Space within a Space
To create higher attention value, contained space may oriented in different manner
Contained space may differ in form, to strengthen its image as a freestanding vol ume
This would create a secondary grid and a set of dynamic composition.
The contrast in form indicate a functional difference or the symbolic importance of the contained space
Interlocking Spaces
Interlocking portion can be shared equally
OVERLAPPING of two spatial fields & emergence of a zone of shared space Each retain its identity and functional as a space.
Chapter 4 ORGANIZATION
The interlocking portion can merge with one of the space and become an integral part of its volume Be a separate v olume to link the two spaces
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3. Adjacent Spaces
Ad jac ent Spac es •
•
•
Limit visual and physical access Reinforce the individuality
Appear as freestanding plane in a space
The most common type of spatial relationship •
Each space clearly defined •
The visual and spatial continuity between the two adjacent spaces depends on the plane that separates and binds them together •
Ad jac ent Spac es
Spaces separated by row of columns High degree of visual and spatial continuity
Change in level or contrast in surface material
Ad jac ent Spac es
The spaces - the living, fireplace, dining areas are define in changes in floor level, ceiling height, rather than by wall planes
Lawrence House, California, 1966, Moore
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Ad jac ent Spac es
Ad jac ent Spac es
The spaces are individualistic in size, shape and form. The walls adapt their forms to accommodate the differences .
Chiswick House, England, 1729, L.Burlington & W.Kent
4. Spaces Lin ked by a Common Space
Spaces Linked by a Common Space can be equivalent in size and shape and form a linear sequence of spaces.
Two spaces - separated by distance can be linked - by a third, intermediate, space.
Linear form - link two spaces that are distant from each other, or join a whole series of spaces Large and dominant space in the relationship, and be capable of organizing a number of spaces about itself.
The visual and spatial relationship depends on the nature of the third space with which they sharea commonbond. The intermediate space can differ in form and orientation to express its linkingfunction.
Chapter 4 ORGANIZATION
The form of the intermediate space can be residual in nature and be determined solely by the forms and orientations of the two spaces being linked.
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Spaces Linked by a Common Space
One-half House, 1966, John Hejduk
Spatial Organization
Spatial Organization - The manner in which the spaces are arranged can clarify their relative functional and significance to the building organization. - The spaces organized based on these conditions; i. Demands of the spaces; - Specific function/ specific form or dimension - Flexible in use, freely manipulated - Similar functions, can be grouped into a functional cluster or repeated linear sequence - Singular/unique function, significance to the building - Hierarchical classification of spaces - Require exterior connectivity; daylight, ventilation, access to outdoor - Segregated for privacy - Easily accessible ii. Site conditions - Address certain features / turn away from others - The site might limit the building’s form or growth
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1. Centralized
Spatial Organization Centralized Organization Linear Organization
- Stable, concentrated composition - Secondaryspacesgroupedaround a large, dominant,central space
Radial Organization Clustered Organization Grid Organization
Centralized
- The secondary spaces may be equivalent to one another in function, formandsize - Create an overall configuration that is geometrically regular and symmetrical
Chapter 4 ORGANIZATION
- The Central generallyregular in form and large in size to gather a number of secondary spaces about its perimeter - The central unifying space of the organization
Centralized
- The secondary spaces may differ fromone another in formor size in order to respond to individual requirements of function or site surroundings.
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Centralized
2. Linear
A linear organization consists of a series of spaces.
Directly related to one another
Linked through a separate and distinct linear shape.
Linear
Linear
At the end
It may consists of repetitive spaces which are alike in size, form and function
Spaces that are functionally or symbolically important can be articulated by their size, form and location.
Offset from
…. or a series non-identical spaces. Each space along the sequence has an exterior exposure.
Chapter 4 ORGANIZATION
At pivotal points / turning corner
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Linear
Linear Can relate to other forms in its context by;
Linking & organizing them along its length
- It is flexible and can respond readily to various site conditions ; topography, oriented to capture sunlight and views. - It can be straight, segmented or curvilinear. - It can run horizontally across its site, diagonally up a slope or stand vertically as tower. - Because of the characteristics length; it express a direction, movement, extension & growth.
Linear
Serving as a wall / barrier to separate them into different fields;
Surrounding andenclosing them within a field of space.
Linear
Rumah Panjang
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3. Radial
Radial
Consists of a dominant central place which linear organizations extend in a radial manner. Radial Organization = Centralized + Linear An extroverted plan that reaches out to its context.
The central space is generally regular in form.
The linear arms can extend and attach itself to specific elements or features of its site.
Radial
Radial
Pinwheel pattern - dynamic pattern, a rotational movement about the central space.
Chapter 4 ORGANIZATION
The linear arms are similar to one another in form and length and maintain the regularity of the organization ’s overall form.
The radiating arms may differ from one another to respond to individual requirements of function and site context.
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4. Clustered
Relies onphysical proximity to relatesits spacesto one another Does not originate from a rigid geometrical concept - is flexible and can accept growth and change readily withoutaffecting its character
Clustered
Clustered
Can be organized about a point of entry into a building or along the path of movement, or be clustered about a large defined field or volume of space.
Clustered
Symmetry or an axial condition can be used to strengthen and unify a clustered organization and articulate the signific ance of a space within the organization. Rumah Panjang
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5. Grid
A grid is created by sets ofparallel lines intersects with one another establish aregular pattern of points at their intersections.
Grid
In architectural, grid often function as a structural system of columns & beam.
- Establishes a stable set of reference points and lines in space, means the spaces can share a common relationship , although dissimilar in size, form or function. - Regularity and continui ty of its pattern pervades the elements it organizes. the grid pattern is transformed into a set of repetitive, modular units of space.
Projected into the third dimension
Grid
Grid
- Can be madeirregular in one or two directions to accommodate the specific dimensional requirements or to articulate zones of space for circulation/service. - The dimensional transformation would create a hierarchical set of modules differentiated by size, proportion and location.
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Grid transformations - Portions of the grid can slide to alter the visual and spatial continuity across its field. - Can be interrupted todefine a space or accommodate a natural feature of its site. - Can be dislocated and rotated about a point in the basic pattern.
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Exercise 1
Grid
Make a discussion about the manner in which the building spaces are arranged and organized.
Exercise 1 - The formand spaces are arranged in a centralized organization - The circle element is large, dominant, central point to the space - The central unifying spaces of the organization - The secondary spaces grouped around the central space - The secondary spaces are equivalent to one another in function, form and size - The composition is regular and symmetrical - The arrangement is stable, concentrated composition
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