ALUR PASIEN ICU
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
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Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
ALUR PASIEN MASUK DAN KELUAR ICU
INSTALASI RAWAT JALAN
RS LAIN
INSTALASI RAWAT INAP
UGD
EVALUASI OLEH DOKTER ICU Diantar
MASUK ICU KELOLA INTENSIF : Pengobatan dan perawatan intensif Dokter ICU ( Intensifis ) Perawat Mahir Konsultan ( Konsultatif ke SMF lain )
INDIKASI ( - )
DITOLAK MASUK ICU Dijemput
PINDAH RUANG
Baik Indikasi keluar ( + ) Status Quo / Vegetatif Meninggal Dijemput
TETAP DIRAWAT / RUJUK / PULANG APS KAMAR JENAZAH
Catatan : Diantar / dijemput s/d pintu keluar / masuk ICU Pasien dari luar mengikuti ketentuan dari Rumah Sakit
1
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PENERIMAAN PASIEN ICU
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
No. Dokumen
PT /
/
/ 2008
Tanggal Terbit
PROSEDUR TETAP
No. Revisi
Halaman
1
1/2
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Suatu tata cara menerima pasien untuk dirawat di ICU yang mengalami kegawatan.
TUJUAN
Pasien yang mengalami kegawatan terancam jiwanya sewaktu – waktu agar dapat memperoleh pengobatan, perawatan dan pemantauan intensif sesuai dengan kondisi yang dialami pasien.
KEBIJAKAN
1.
PROSEDUR PELAKSANAAN
1.
Pasien dirawat di ICU harus memenuhi persyaratan / indikasi yang telah ditentukan. 2. Dokter jaga ICU berhak untuk menyetujui adanya indikasi tersebut. 3. Penolakan pasien masuk ICU hanya oleh konsulen ICU yang bertanggung jawab saat itu.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Ruangan yang akan mengirim pasien ( ruangan lain, UGD, IMC, RR ) memberi tahu terlebih dahulu ke ICU bahwa akan ada pasien masuk dan dokter ICU sendiri memberi persetujuan. Menyiapkan perlengkapan peralatan pasien dan bed ICU dilengkapi dengan status pasien dan trolley emergency. Menerima pasien, timbang terima beserta catatan medik yang lengkap. Memasang oksigen, bed side monitor, ventilator ( jika diperlukan ) Mengganti pakaian pasien dengan pakaian ICU Observasi tanda vital : tekanan darah, heart rate, pernafasan dan suhu. Observasi keadaan lainnya seperti tingkat kesadaran, pupil, fungsi motorik, dll. Cek kepatenan seluruh peralatan yang telah terpasang sebelumnya. Memasang dan atau mengalirkan dower khateter, NGT, drain, dll.
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14. Memasukkan data pasien ke register rakam medik ( RM ). 15. Memberi terapi sesuai program. 16. Mengadakan komunikasi dengan keluarga pasien minimal sekali dalam sehari ( terutama pada waktu kunjungan keluarga ). UNIT TERKAIT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
IGD Rawat Inap IBS IRJ RHD Instal Jang Diagnostik
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PEMINDAHAN PASIEN DARI ICU KE RAWAT INAP
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
No. Dokumen
PT /
/
/ 2008
Tanggal Terbit
PROSEDUR TETAP
No. Revisi
Halaman
1
1/1
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Suatu prosedur memindahkan pasien dari ICU pada pasien yang kondisinya sudah terbebas dari kegawatan.
TUJUAN
1.
KEBIJAKAN
Pemindahan pasien dari ICU ke rawat inap dilakukan oleh petugas ruang dan dilakukan timbang terima di ICU.
PROSEDUR PELAKSANAAN
1.
Supaya proses pengobatan dan perawatan pasien yang sudah tidak memerlukan lagi fasilitas ICU dapat dilanjutkan di ruang rawat inap biasa. 2. Perlu diupayakan kelangsungan proses pengobatan dan perawatan di rawat inap berkesinambungan dengan pengobatan dan perawatan di ICU, agar dapat dicegah berulangnya kegawatan atau deteksi dini keadaan tersebut.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7.
Memberitahu rawat inap, bahwa akan ada pasien pindah dari ICU dan meminta persetujuan pihak rawat inap tersebut. Meminta konfirmasi rawat inap tentang waktu kesiapan untuk menjemput pasien dari ICU. Menyiapkan pasien dan kelengkapannya. Pasien dijemput ke rawat inap dengan memperhatikan sarat – sarat tranportasi pasien. Melakukan serah terima pasien dengan perawat rawat inap, yang di serah terimakan adalah : a. Kelengkapan catatan medik dan keperawatan pasien. b. Masalah yang perlu diperhatikan dalam perawatan dan pengobatan selanjutnya sehingga dapat dilakukan deteksi dini apabila timbul kegawatan kembali. c. Semua hasil pemeriksaan ( yang telah dikerjakan ) baik yang sudah selesai maupun yang belum. Terapi dan perawatan lanjutan sesuai dengan pengantar dari dokter ICU. Memberikan pesan agar menghubungi ICU kembali apabila terdapat hal hal yang belum jelas atau atau terjadi
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RESUSITASI JANTUNG PARU
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
No. Dokumen
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/
Halaman
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/ 2008
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No. Revisi
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Suatu tindakan emergensi untuk mengatasi keadaan henti jantung dan atau henti nafas.
TUJUAN
Menyelamatkan kehidupan : 1. Mencegah berhentinya sirkulasi atau respirasi melalui pengenalan dan intervensi segera. 2. Memberikan bantuan eksternal terhadap sirkulasi dan ventilasi melalui RJP. 3. Memberikan oksigenasi kepada otak, jantung dan organ – organ vital lainnya serta mengembalikan fungsi jantung dan ventilasi yang normal.
KEBIJAKAN
Memenuhi kebutuhan oksigenasi
PROSEDUR PELAKSANAAN
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. UNIT TERKAIT
Pastikan adanya henti nafas dan atau henti jantung. Mintalah pertolongan. Posisikan pasien terlentang. Pasang pengalas keras. Atur posisi penolong : a. Penanganan airway ( posisi pada bagian atas kepala ) b. Penanganan sirkulasi ( posisi bagian samping bahu kanan pasien ) c. Penyedia obat ( posisi dekat dengan emergensi troli ) d. Leader Beri bantuan nafas dengan ambubag Lakukan kompresi jantung ( 30 : 2 ) Berikan obat – obat obat emergensi sesuai ketentuan. Lakukan tindakan sesuai algoritm. Jika berhasil siapkan untuk penanganan lebih lanjut. Dokumentasikan tiap langkah kegiatan.
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TERAPI OKSIGEN
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
No. Dokumen
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Halaman
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/ 2008
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No. Revisi
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Terapi O2 merupakan salah satu terapi pernafasan dalam mempertahankan oksigenasi.
TUJUAN
1. 2. 3.
Mengatasi keadaan hipoksia Menurunkan kerja pernafasan Menurunkan beban kerja otot jantung ( miocard )
Indikasi : 1. Pasien dengan kadar O2 yang diketahui melalui hasil AGD / BGA. 2. Pasien dengan peningkatan kerja napas dimana tubuh berrespon terhadap keadaan hipoksia melalui peningkatan l aju dan dalamnya pernapasan, serta adanya kerja otot – otot tambahan pernapasan. 3. Pasien dengan peningkatan kerja jantung dimana jantung berusaha untuk mengatasi gangguan O2 melalui peningkatan laju pompa jantung yang lebih kuat. 4. Pada pasien selama dan sesudah pembedahan. Kontra Indikasi : 1. Mutlak tidak ada. 2. Untuk PPOM berat pemberian pemberian O2 dimulai dengan 2 LPM dinaikkan secara bertahap. KEBIJAKAN
Memenuhi kebutuhan oksigen
PROSEDUR PELAKSANAAN
Persiapan alat : 1. Sentral oksigen, tabung O2, manometer set, flow meter, humidifier. 2. Catheter nasal / kanul nasal / sungkup sungkup muka sederhana / sungkup muka dengan kantong udara / sungkup muka dengan parsial rebreathing.
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c. d. e.
f. g.
h.
i. j. k. l. m.
Isi tabung humufider dengan water for irigation batas yang tertera. Menghubungkan flow meter dengan tabung oksigen / sentral oksigen. Cek fungsi flow meter dan humufider dengan memutar pangatur konsentrasi O2 dan amati ada tidaknya gelembung udara dalam tabung flow meter. Menghubungkan kateter nasal / kanul nasal dengan flow meter. Alirkan oksigen ke : Kateter nasal dengan aliran antara 1 – 6 6 lt/mnt. Kanul nasal dengan aliran antara 1 – 6 6 lt/mnt. Cek aliran kateter nasal / kanul nasal dengan menggunakan panggung tangan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya aliran oksigen. Pasang alat kateter nasal / kanul nasal pada klien. Tanyakan pada klien apakah oksigen telah mengalir sesuai yang di inginkan. Cuci tangan. Rapikan peralatan kembali. Dokumentasikan pada status klien.
2. Sungkup muka partial rebreathing. a. Cuci tangan. b. Memberi tahu pasien. c. Isi tabung humidifier dengan water for irigation setinggi batas yang tertera. d. Menghubungkan flow meter dengan tabung oksigen / sentral oksigen. e. Cek fungsi flow meter dan humidifier dengan memutar konsentrasi O2 dan amati ada tidaknya gelembung udara dalam tabung flow meter. f. Menghubungkan sungkup muka partial rebreathing dengan flow meter. g. Alirkan oksigen ke sungkup muka partial rebreathing dengan aliran udara 8 – 12 12 lt/mnt. h. Cek aliran oksigen ke sungkup dengan cara menutup sungkup dengan salah satu tangan dan amati aliran oksigen yang masuk ke dalam kantong. i. Pasang alat sungkup muka partial rebreathing pada klien. j. Tanyakan pada klien apakah oksigen telah mengalir sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. k. Cuci tangan.
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MONITOR SATURASI OKSIGEN
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
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Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Monitor saturasi oksigen merupakan tekhnik monitoring non invasive untuk mengukur saturasi oksigen arteri dan fungsi hemoglobin, nilai normal 97 – 99 99 %
TUJUAN
Diagnostik : 1. Menilai data dasar saturasi oksigen yang merupakan bagian pengakajian oksigenasi. 2. Deteksi dini terhadap perubahan saturasi yang sering berubah terutama pada keadaan kritis. 3. Mengevaluasi respon pasien terhadap aktivitas oksigenasi pasien seperti suction, reposisi, merubah konsentrasi O2.
KEBIJAKAN
Memenuhi kebutuhan oksigen.
PROSEDUR PELAKSANAAN
1. 2.
Persiapan alat : Pulse oximeter beserta sensornya. Cara kerja : a. Cuci tangan. b. Lokasi tempat sensor dibersihkan dari darah / kotoran lain. c. Pilih sensor yang tepat sesuai lokasi tempat sensor. d. Sambungkan oximeter dengan menekan tombol power on / off.
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ASISTENSI INTUBASI
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
No. Dokumen
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Halaman
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1/2
/ 2008
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No. Revisi
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Suatu tindakan memasukkan pipa endotrachea ke dalam trachea.
TUJUAN
1. 2. 3.
KEBIJAKAN
Memenuhi kebutuhan oksigen.
PROSEDUR PELAKSANAAN
Persiapan alat : 1. Laringoscope dengan bilah yang sesuai. 2. Magills untuk membantu memasukkan pipa. 3. Maudrin ( bila ada kesulitan saat memasukkan tube ) 4. OTT / NTT sesuai dengan kebutuhan pasien 5. Xylocain jelly 6. Sarung tangan 7. Obat – obatan obatan untuk persiapan intubasi antara lain : Sedasi : midazolam, propofol, pentotal Muscle relaxan : Succinyl cholin, rocuronium, atracurium, vecuronium. 7. Xylocain spray / semprot. 8. Pressure cuff / spuit cuff. 9. Guedell / mayo. 10. Stetoscope.
Membebaskan jalan nafas. Untuk pemberian pernafasan mekanik. Untuk mempermudah penghisapan sekresi.
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7.
Posisi pasien terlentang / flat dan ekstensikan leher pasien ( sesuaikan dengan kondisi pasien ). 8. Bantu tindakan intubasi sesuai dengan tahapannya. 9. Ikat selang trakea / trakeostomi dengan tali / plester. 10. Bereskan peralatan dan dokumentasikan tindakan. Hal – hal hal yang perlu di perhatikan : 1. Keadaan umum pasien, terutama tensi, nadi dan pernafasan, saturasi, oksigen. 2. Monitoring EKG 3. Pengisian cuff ( balon ) 4. Fiksasi 5. Penghisapan sekresi dengan tehnik yang semestinya. UNIT TERKAIT
1. 2.
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EXTUBASI
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
No. Dokumen
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/
/ 2008
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Halaman
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1/2
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Pengangkatan pipa endotrachea dari trachea.
TUJUAN
1. 2.
Sebagai tahap akhir proses penyapihan dari ventilator. Pasien sudah tidak mengalami sumbatan ( potensial sumbatan jalan nafas ) 3. Supaya pasien dapat bernafas seperti semula. 4. Dapat berbicara dan menelan seperti biasa. 5. Supaya pasien dapat batuk dengan efektif dan dapat mengeluarkan sputum sendiri. Indikasi : 1. Pasien sudah kompos mentis dan kooperatif. 2. Tensi nadi dan pernafasan normal. 3. Suhu badan tidak panas karena bila sebelum panas kebutuhan oksigen meningkat dan metabolisme naik. 4. Bisa batuk secara efektif. 5. Hasil thorax foto terakhir keadaannya bersih, tidak ada retensi sputum. 6. Tidak ada gejala hypoxia, hiperkarbi dan tachikardi. 7. Tidal volume cukup. 8. Hasil AGD normal individual.
KEBIJAKAN
Memenuhi
kebutuhan
pengobatan
dan
membantu
proses
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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Periksa AGD Bila ada instruksi instruksi dokter ( misal : dexametason ) Beritahu pasien untuk pengangkatan pipa pernafasan. Lakukan penghisapan sekresi sampai bersih dan cuff dikempeskan. Lepaskan fikasasi tube Waktu pengangkatan tube, suction katheter yang baru harus berada di dalam sambil tube diangkat ( jangan dipakai suction katheter bekas untuk membersihkan mulut ) Selesai pengangkatan tube pasang NRM. Satu jam kemudian periksa AGD ulang.
Hal – hal hal yang harus diperhatikan : 1. Terutama keadaan umum pasien. 2. Ukur tensi, nadi dan pernafasan, kesadaran. 3. Perhatikan apakan ada stridor dan kelainan pernafasan lain. UNIT TERKAIT
1. 2.
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WEANING PADA T – PIECE PIECE DINDING
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
No. Dokumen
PT /
/
/ 2008
Tanggal Terbit
PROSEDUR TETAP
No. Revisi
Halaman
1
1/2
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Proses weaning pada T – Piece dinding adalah adalah salah satu usaha penyapian dari respirator, dimana pasien langsung dilepas dari alat al at Bantu tetapi tube masih tetap terpasang.
TUJUAN
1.
2. 3. KEBIJAKAN
Menghindarkan pasien adri rasa ketergantungannya terhadap alat bantu nafas. Melatih pasien agar dapat bernafas sendiri secara spontan. Diharapkan pasien secara berangsur – angsur dapat bernafas seperti sediakala. Mengembalikan pasien pada keadaan semula.
Memenuhi kebutuhan penyembuhan.
pengobatan
dan
membantu
proses
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Cara kerja : 1. Beritahu pasien tentang tindakan apa yang akan di lakukan. 2. Ukur tidal volume. 3. Observasi tanda vital pasien : T, N, P, S 4. Alat – alat alat di cek apakah sudah siap dipakai. 5. Sekresi atau sumbatan lainya dibersihkan 6. Setelah pemasangan selesai pasien di observasi kembali. Hal – hal yang harus diperhatikan sebelum melakukan weaning pada T – Piece Piece dinding : 1. Penyakit utama sudah teratasi. 2. Pasien merasa kuat ( tidak lemah ) jalan napas bebas dari sumbatan, apabila pasien dengan trachestomi dalam keadaan baik. 3. Suhu badan normal apabila suhu badan mengalami kenaikan maka kebutuhan O2 akan meningkat. 4. Pasien dapat batuk yang efektif untuk mengeluarkan sekresi. 5. Frekwensi napas kurang dari 30 kali per menit. 6. Tidak ada gejala hypoxia / kebingungan 7. Test fungsi paru normal, tidal volume mencukupi. 8. Hasil pemeriksaan analisa gas darah normal 9. Pasien dapat bernapas secara spontan. UNIT TERKAIT
1. 2.
Instalasi farmasi Sijangmed
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PERAWATAN BALON ( CUFF ) DI ENDOTRACHEA ( ETT ) RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
No. Dokumen
PT /
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/ 2008
Tanggal Terbit
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No. Revisi
Halaman
1
1/2
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Pengertian balon pipa trachea merupakan cara untuk mempertahankan tekanan pada balon ETT tetap normal ( 15 – 25 mmHg )
TUJUAN
1. 2.
Mempertahankan posisi tube dan oksigenasi jaringan. Mencegah aspirasi dan kerusakan jaringan mukosa sekitar cuff.
Indikasi : Dilakukan pada pasien yang terpasang pipa trachea atau pipa tracheostomy dengan cuff. KEBIJAKAN
1. 2.
Pemenuhan kebutuhan oksigen Pemenuhan kebutuhan keamanan.
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3.
Monitoring tekanan balon ETT ( Cuff ) secara terus menerus: a. Cuci tangan. b. Sambungkan katup pilot balon dari pipa tracheostomy atau endotracheal ke slang konektor. c. Sambungkan ujung slang konektor lainnya ke alat cuff inflator. d. Pompakan cuff inflator secara cepat sampai batas nilai normal ( tanda hijau 15 – 25 mmHg ) kemudian lepaskan. e. Gunakan pengait belakang cuff inflator untuk menempatkan cuff inflator pada tempat yang aman dan untuk dimonitor.
Perhatian : 1. Untuk mengempeskan balon ETT, tekan tombol merah untuk menurunkan tekanan. 2. Pada tekanan cuff diatas 25 mmHg dapat menyebabkan iskhemik jaringan sekitar cuff. UNIT TERKAIT
1. 2.
Sijangmed Bagian anestesi.
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SPIROMETRI INTENSIF
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
No. Dokumen
PT /
/
/ 2008
Tanggal Terbit
PROSEDUR TETAP
No. Revisi
Halaman
1
1/1
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Terapi latihan pernafasan dengan menggunakan alat ukur untuk menambah kemampuan inspirasi pernapasan pasien.
TUJUAN
Terapi untuk mencegah atelektesis, meningkatkan oksigenasi dan expansi paru.
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PENGUKURAN VOLUME TIDAL DAN TEKANAN NEGATIF INSPIRASI RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
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1/1
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Merupakan cara untuk mengukur kapasitas tidal paru dan tekanan negatif inspirasi pasien saat bernapas dengan menggunakan alat ukur.
TUJUAN
1.
Mengevaluasi kekuatan otot otot pernafasan pasien.
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FISIOTERAPI DADA
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
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Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Suatu tindakan yang diberikan pada penderita dengan jalan latihan bernapas, menepuk daerah dinding dada, menggetarkan daerah dinding dada serta menghisap sekresi yang dikeluarkan untuk memperlancar pernapasan.
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5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15.
Posisikan pasien tidur dengan miring kiri atau kanan. Tempatkan handuk diatas dada pasien. Lakukan penepukan / claping dengan kedua tangan di seluruh lapang paru dalam waktu 1 – 3 3 menit. Lakukan vibrasi saat pasien ekspirasi dalam waktu 1 – 3 menit. Lakukan claping dan vibrasi pada dada yang satunya dengan lama waktu yang sama. Jika pasien sadar lakukan postural drainage dan posisikan pasien sesuai daerah paru dimana sekret akan dialirkan. Jika pasien mampu batuk efektif anjurkan pasien untuk batuk efektif. Jika pasien tidak mampu batuk efektif lakukan suctioning dengan tekanan 60 – 100 mmHg untuk bayi, 100 – 120 mmHg untuk anak – anak, 100 – 300 mmHg untuk dewasa, jika pasien dengan VM berikan O2 100 pre, post dan diantara tindakan suctioning. Catat jumlah, warna dan konsistensi sputum. Kembalikan pasien pada posisi semula. Rapihkan peralatan dan dokumentasikan tindakan.
Hal – hal hal yang harus diperhatikan : Didalam melakukan fisioterapi dada harus melihat keadaan umum penderita, sehingga kita dapat mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut.
Tindakan yang berhubungan dengan fisioterapi dada :
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INHALASI
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
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PT /
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/ 2008
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1/2
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
April 2008 dr. Budi Wiranto, Sp. THT Kolonel ckm NRP. 31839
PENGERTIAN
Terapi inhalasi adalah terapi penghirupan partikel udara yang mengandung obat selama inspirasi.
TUJUAN
1. 2.
Hidrasi, dan pembersihan jalan nafas. Mengencerkan sekret.
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untuk membatukkan sekret yang ada atau dilakukan penghisapan dengan lembut. 8. Monitoring adanya sesak napas dan perubahan tanda vital selama terapi. Hal – hal hal yang perlu di perhatikan : Perubahan tanda vital pasien. UNIT TERKAIT
1. 2.
Instalasi laboratorium Instalasi farmasi
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BRONCHIAL WASHING
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
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/
/ 2008
Tanggal Terbit
PROSEDUR TETAP
April 2008
No. Revisi
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1/2
Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
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7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Berikan kembali oksigen dengan konsentrasi tinggi melalui air viva. Perasat ini boleh diulang sampai sekresi benar – benar benar sudah bersih / banyak berkurang. Pada penghisapan terakhir kita kempeskan isi cuff, lamanya pemasangan cuff sesuai dengan diisi kembali secukupnya. Setelah perasat ini selesai cuff diisi kembali secukupnya. Kalau ada ukur volume dengan menggunakan wright spirometer. Alat – alat alat dirapikan kembali.
Hal – hal hal yang perlu diperhatikan : 1. Bronchial washing dilakukan sesudah chest fisioterapi. 2. Perawat harus cuci tangan. 3. Dikerjakan sebelum makan 4. Dikerjakan oleh 3 orang perawat : Memasukkan cairan NaCL 0,9 % dan melakukan
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SUCTIONING
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48 Magelang Telp.(0293) 363061, 363062 Fax.(0293) 362473
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Di tetapkan Kepala Rumah Sakit Tk. II 04.05.01
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16.
trachea angkat katheter 1 – 2 2 cm kemudian tutup kateter dan angkat kateter dengan gerakan memutar ( lama tindakan 5 – 15 detik ) Berikan kembali oksigen dengan konsentrasi tinggi 12 – 15 15 lt/menit melalui air viva. Perasat ini boleh diulangi sampai bersih / banyak berkurang. Monitor kembali hemodinamik dan tana vital pasien. Jika akan suction hidung dan mulut lakukan suctioning ETT / TT dahulu sampai selesai, kemudian suctioning hidung dan yang terakhir adalah mulut. Bilas selang kateter dengan air yang asa diember, matikan suction dan buang suction pada ember penampung tersebut. Alat – alat alat dirapikan kembali dan dokumentasikan.
1. 2. 3.
Instalasi farmasi Laboratorium Sijangmed
11. 12. 13. 14.
15.
UNIT TERKAIT
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PENGAMBILAN DARAH ARTERI
RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48
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7.
8.
Kemudian setelah cukup, jarum langsung di cabut, dikeluarkan udara yang ada didalam spuit, posisi jarum diatas tegak lurus ( cara mengeluarkan harus hati – hati, jangna tercampur dengan udara luar atau memasukkan udara luar ke spuit dapat mempengaruhi hasil, terutama PCO2 ), langsung di tutup dengan karet. Pada arteri bekas tusukan pengambilan langsung di tekan
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PENGAMBILAN BAHAN PEMERIKSAAN KULTUR DAN SENSITIVITAS RUMAH SAKIT TK.II 04.05.01 dr. SOEDJONO JL.Urip Sumoharjo No. 48
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f. g. h. i.
tusuk dibawahnya dengan ketinggin 5 – 35 35 , masu masukk kkan an jarum kedalam vena. Lepaskan torniquet. Arsipkan spuit sampai didapat darah minimal 5 cc. Tarik jarum dan tekan daerah tusukan dengan kassa steril selama 2 – 4 4 menit. Masukkan darah tersebut sebanyak 5 cc kedalam botol
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KULTUR DAN SENSITIVITAS URINE : 1. Persiapan alat : bahan a. Spuit steril 10 cc → 2 buah b. Alkohol 70 % atau betadin c. Kassa steril d. Sarung tangan steril e. Klem
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