ABSTRACT In recent years, the interest in solar energy has risen due to surging oil prices and environmental concern. In many remote or underdeveloped areas, direct access to an electric grid is impossible and a photovoltaic inverter system would make life much simpler and more convenient. With this in mind, this project aims to design, build, and test a solar panel inverter with thermo electric generator to convert waste heat in to electricity. This inverter system could be used as backup power during outages, battery charging, or for typical household applications. The key features of the system are a true 50Hz, 230Vrms voltage output, a wide input range, and an intelligent charger, and a power output for led lamps. The overall goal is to design this system while minimizing component costs. Although systems with similar features already exist, many are prohibitively expensive for those people who stand to benefit the most. In addition, inverters in the lower price range typically lack the features mentioned above.
INTRODUCTION The initial selection of this project was motivated by the increased interest in renewable energy systems, which has been fuelled by rising oil prices and environmental concern. It is our belief that the marketplace needs a wider variety of products that will utilize such systems for household applications. We also believe that the process of designing a solar panel interface will be greatly beneficial to a power engineer in the rapidly expanding field of renewable energy applications. The main objective of this project is to design, a solar panel inverter. With additional power source as thermoelectric generator for waste heat to power, as compared to other commercially available inverter system, flexible – utilizing a wide input voltage range for various photovoltaic panels as well as providing a charge control option, and make optimal use out of any solar panels DESIGN PROCEDURE Design Procedure The initial idea for the project consisted of a dc to dc converter input stage followed by a single boost converter, which would bring a nominally 12 V solar panel up to the necessary 18 volts and thermo electric voltage. Using two boost converters in tandem was briefly considered but eventually discarded as excessively difficult to control and inelegant. 12 V nominal input voltages were not feasible since, so a smart switcher and a charger were used to monitor the process and control the charge when need.
Power requirement as according to the sector RANGE 0 - 250W
250W-5KW (off-grid)
5 - 50KW (roof-top,
APPROX USAGE 50-100W
1kw
3kw
off-grid)
3 - 100KW (roof-top,
3-25KW
grid connected)
APPLICATIONS
SECTOR
Rural Home Lighting,
20 million+
Street Lighting,
households, Remote
Lanterns, Emergency
Village Electrification
Lights, Lighting
program of MNRE
Retrofits etc
covering about 10,000
Residential, Small
villages Entire Power back-up
Commercial, SPV
industry market, 4
Pumps
million inverters per
Big Commercial,
year 150,000+ rural
Telecom Towers,
telecom towers,
Rural ATMs, Govt.
50,000+ rural ATMs
Buildings Big Commercial,
70% of commercial
Govt. Buildings
buildings in 2030 are to be built from now
>100KW, IPP, Grid-
100KW-1MW
connected
Independent Power
to 2030. National Solar
Plants
Mission – 1000MW by 2013, 20,000MW by 2022
BLOCKDIAGRAM CHARGER CONTROL
LCD16X2
10WATT MONO CRYSTALLINE SOLAR PANEL
THREE MODE SMART CHARGER
ALARAM
10BIT ADC
12V/7.2AH
CHARGE SWITCHER CONTROL
SLA
PIC18F4520
10BIT ADC
BATTERY
HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
INVERTER ON/OFF CONTROL
MICROCONTROLLER LOAD
Pic 18f4520 Bta12 triac Max 232 Opto coupler Lcd 16x2 Relay Transformer 12v,1a 10watt solar panel 9-0-9 2 amp transformer Irf 540 fet Cd 4017 ic Buzzer 12 volt 7.2 ah sealed lead acid battery
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
Embedded –c Proteus lab Diptrace Mikro c Osa rtos Terminal window
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[3] H.Tsoukalas, “From smart grid to an energy internet: Assumption, Architecture, and Requirements” DRPT 2008, 6- 9, April 2008, Nanjing china. [4] Eskom’s,” Renewable energy experience” presented at village power 98,Oct 6-8, 1998. [5] E Ortiohann, “A Genaral modular design methodology for flexible smart grid inverters” IEEE explore, Nov-19,2009. [6] P. T. Krein, “Elements of Power Electronics”. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. [7] ”Renewable energy”, IEEE Journals, Volume 35, Issue 1, January 2010, page 275-282. [8] G.D.Rai, ”Non-Conventional Energy Sources”, Khanna publishers ,page.591. [9] http://www.thebioenergysite.com/articles/3 69/indiabiofuels-annual-report-2009. [10]Feel-Soonkang,Sung-Jun park,Su Eog cho and Jang-Mok Kim. “Applied energy”, volume 82, issue 3, november 2006. [11] “The Hindu” online edition of India’s national newspaper , July 29,20 10. [12]http://creative commons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/Feed-in tariff. [13]http ://mnve.gov. in/guidelines for generation based incentive, Jan 2008. [14]Nagpur selected first model solar city in the country 60 solar cities during 11th plan period @ ministry of new and renewable energy. [15]www.ril.com/common wealth games 2010 to be “solar powered” by reliance . [16]John Lornic, ”Feed-in tariffs : Ontario’s experience” a blog about energy and the environment, Feb 10,2009. [17]Govind sighn,”National action plan on climate change launched: Solar energy to change the face of India”,June 30,2008. [18]http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/moser [19]www.coststoday.com
baer
setting
up
grid
connected
solar
farm.
[20] “Hydro projects” ASAPP medra information group power today/Sep 2009. [21]http://en .Wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity sector in India. [22] ”The energy and resources institute (TERI)”,@Feb 3,2010. [23] ”Project focous: Suniva, Titan energy complete 1MW solar PV power plant in West Bengal ”, Power generation, Nov 24,2009.
