Soiurile de mar.docx

Braeburn apple

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Lady Hamilton x Unknown Originates from: New Zealand Introduced: 1950 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1008 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1974-357

Identification   

Flesh colour: Yellow to Very Yellow Fruit size: Medium Bultitude apple group: 5. Yellow, smooth, sweet or acidic

Using       

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Flavour quality: Good Flavour style: Aromatic Harvest period: Very-Late season leave on the tree until November in the UK Use / keeping: 3 months or more Vitamin C content: Medium

Growing        

Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-fertile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Average growth Gardening skill: Average Precocity: Precocious General disease resistance: Average Period of origin: 1950 - 1999

Climate   

Chilling: Low-chill Needs about 700 chill hours Climate suitability: Temperate climates Requires sunny aspect to ripen properly Climate suitability: Warm climates

Disease resistance    

Scab - Some susceptibility Mildew - Some susceptibility Fireblight - Some susceptibility Cedar apple rust - Very susceptible

Pests 

Woolly aphid - Some susceptibility

Relationships to other varieties Offspring of this variety:  

Jazz™ Kanzi

References and further reading about this variety 

Cedar-Apple Rust Author: Stephen Vann, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture (FSA7538) Rated as highly susceptible - control always needed where CAR is prevalent.

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Braeburn is one of the most important commercial apple varieties. It originated in New Zealand in the 1950s, and by the last decades of the 20th century had been planted in all the major warm apple-growing regions of the world. Braeburn accounts for 40% of the entire apple production of New Zealand. Even in conservative Washington state, the most important apple-producing area of the USA, where Red Delicious and Golden Delicious have always held sway, Braeburn is now in the top 5 varieties produced. The reasons for this success are not difficult to pinpoint. Braeburn has all the necessary criteria for large-scale production: it is fairly easy to grow, produces heavily and early in the life of the tree, it stores well, and withstands the handling demands of international supply chains. What marks it out from the competition is flavour. Braeburn was the first modern apple variety in large-scale production where the flavour was genuinely on a par with the older classic apple varieties. Braeburn's depth of flavour makes its main competition - Red Delicious and Golden Delicious - seem one-dimensional in comparison. At a time when consumers were starting to look for something less bland in their weekly shopping, Braeburn was the right apple at the right time. The commercial success of Braeburn has opened the way for the development of many new apple varieties where flavour is now one of the main selection criteria. Braeburn was one of the first "bi-coloured" varieties, a characteristic now regarded as essential for sales success. In comparison the first wave of supermarket apple varieties were either bright red (Red Delicious) or shades of solid green (Golden Delicious and Granny Smith). This combination of modern colouring and flavour means that Braeburn was effectively the first of the new-wave of modern apple varieties. The first Braeburn tree was discovered growing in New Zealand in the 1950s, and is named after Braeburn Orchards, where it was first grown commercially. It is generally thought to be a seedling of a variety called Lady Hamilton. The other parent is not known, but is popularly believed to be Granny Smith - quite possible given the time and location of its discovery, but there seems to be no scientific evidence to confirm this theory. When conditions are right there is no doubt that Braeburn is a first-class dessert apple. It easily outstrips its late 20th century peer group (Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Red Delicious) with a richness and complexity of flavour that they cannot match. In fact in many ways Braeburn is now the benchmark apple variety against which all other commercial varieties should be ranked. It is crisp, without being hard, and very juicy. It snaps cleanly to the bite, and there is an immediate rush of strong apple flavours. The overall flavour is sharp and refreshing but with a good balance of sweetness - and never sugary. There is occasionally a hint of pear-drops to the flavour of a new-season Braeburn (a characteristic which is more prominent in its offspring Jazz). Braeburn is at its best when cooled slightly below room temperature, and if you get a good one it really reminds you why you like eating apples. If there is a downside to Braeburn, it is probably poor quality control. Braeburn is grown throughout the warm apple-growing regions of the world, and it also keeps well in storage. As a result there can be quite a variation in quality and flavour of Braeburn apples reaching the consumer from different countries and at different times of the year. Since Braeburn is too old to be trade-marked, there is little control over the "brand" quite a contrast with the rigourously-controlled production of Pink Lady for example. Of

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the southern hemisphere producers, we think Braeburns from Chile are often good - at their best in June. Braeburn is also widely grown in Europe, and France seems to have the best climate for producing good ones - try them in November. A number of sports of the original Braeburn have been developed, including: Hidala, Mahana Red, Royal Braeburn, Hillwell, and Southern Rose. Braeburn's other weakness is that whilst it is not difficult to grow, it is difficult to grow in an organic regime - although this is also true of most of its competitors. Apple varieties which have been developed for disease resistance and therefore more amenable to organic production such as Topaz - in many ways quite similar to Braeburn - have not achieved the same commercial success. Braeburn stores very well, and apples for cold store are generally picked whilst still slightly immature. Whilst some apples improve in store, Braeburn is arguably at its best soon after picking. Some growers and supermarkets offer premium tree-ripened Braeburns from time to time and these are worth trying. They are likely to have more red and less green colouring than conventionally stored apples. Braeburn is grown commercially in the southern UK, but it really needs a warmer climate and longer growing-season than is usually possible here. According to UK government DEFRA statistics, in July 1994 there were about 194 hectares of Braeburn orchards in the UK - compared with 669 hectares for Gala and more than 3,000 hectares for Cox. Even early varieties with little shelf-life such as Discovery (300 hectares) and Worcester Pearmain (213 hectares) are grown more extensively than Braeburn. Whilst UK supermarkets are under some pressure to source apples from within the UK, it is perhaps questionable whether growing varieties like Braeburn, which are not really suited to the UK climate, is the best solution. However, to partly contradict this view, another view is that the marginal UK climate can actually produce better flavour in an apple compared to ones grown in more temperate European climates (notably France or Italy). On balance we think the main problem with UK-grown Braeburn is not so much the lack of sunlight, but the shorter growing season. Braeburn is a relatively easy variety for the backyard orchardist. It likes a warm but not hot climate. It can be grown successfully in the southern UK, and most parts of the USA. In the 21st century Braeburn faces competition as supermarkets start to offer a much wider choice of apple varieties - not least from one of its own offspring, Jazz (a cross between Braeburn with pollen from Gala). Compared to the last decades of the 20th century when just a few apple varieties dominated world production, the market is now much more diverse. However when properly grown and marketed Braeburn is such a good apple variety that it is likely to remain one of the leading varieties for many years to come.

Braeburn identification photos from official fruit collections

ARS GRIN ©Copyright

UK National Fruit Collection ©Crown Copyright more >

Braeburn identification photos from website visitors

Braeburn

Florina apple

Medium to large. Very attractive purple-red over yellow. Medium firm. Aromatic. Keeps well.

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: 612-1 x Jonathan Originates from: Angers, France Developed by: Station de Recherches d'Arboriculture Fruitiere, Angers Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1694 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1978-342

Using 

Uses: Eat fresh

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Harvest period: Mid-Late season Use / keeping: 3 months or more

Growing        

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Pollinating others: Good Vigour: Large Precocity: Precocious

Climate  

Climate suitability: Temperate climates Climate suitability: Warm climates


Scab - Very resistant Mildew - Some resistance Fireblight - Some resistance Cedar apple rust - Some susceptibility

Pests 

Woolly aphid - Some resistance

Relationships to other varieties Parents and other ancestors of this variety:   

Golden Delicious Jonathan (parent) Rome Beauty

Offspring of this variety:  

Ariane (distant descendant) Galarina

Florina identification photos from official fruit collections

ARS GRIN ©Copyright


Florina identification photos from website visitors

Florina apples

Fuji apple

Developed in Japan, but an all-American cross of Red Delicious and Ralls Janet. A very attractive modern apple, crisp, sweetflavoured, and keeps well.

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Delicious x Ralls Janet Originates from: Japan Introduced: 1962 Developed by: Tohoku Research Station Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1127 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1963-019

Using     

Uses: Eat fresh Flavour quality: Good Flavour style: Sweeter Harvest period: Very-Late season Use / keeping: 3 months or more

Growing

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Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Average growth Bearing regularity: Biennial tendency slight tendency Gardening skill: Average Precocity: Slow to start bearing early crops tend to have poor flavor Fruit bearing: Spur-bearer

Climate  

Chilling: Low-chill 500 hours Climate suitability: Warm climates


Scab - Some resistance Mildew - Some resistance Cedar apple rust - Some susceptibility Fireblight - Very susceptible

Pests 


Relationships to other varieties Parents and other ancestors of this variety:  

Rall's Janet (parent) Red Delicious (parent)


Sapora® Senshu

Sports (natural genetic mutations) of this variety: 

Kiku®

References and further reading about this variety

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Fuji is surely one of the more attractive modern apple varieties. Its main characteristic is the lovely pink speckled flush over a yellow-green background. It is also crisp and juicy, with dull white flesh which snaps cleanly. The flavor is predominantly sweet, very refreshing (especially if slightly chilled), but not particularly outstanding. As you might expect, Fuji comes from Japan, where it was developed in the 1940s and released in 1962. However its parentage is all-american. Fuji is a cross between the widely grown Red Delicious, and Ralls Janet, which is much less well known but is probably the reason for Fuji's attractive pink flush. Fuji apples are quite widely grown, the main northern hemisphere production comes from Japan, China and the USA. Fuji is a late-ripening apple variety, and becomes available in November/December northern hemisphere orchards) and May/June (southern hemisphere orchards). Fuji apples need lots of sunshine to ripen properly so it is not grown commercially in the UK or nothern USA. In some ways it is surprising that Fuji is not a more popular variety, given its excellent appearance. The obvious comparison is with Pink Lady, and in many respects Fuji has the better appearance - the pink flush has a lighter background and the skin texture feels clean and dry compared to the sheen of Pink Lady. Of course Fuji, being an older variety, does not have the same degree of marketing effort which has supported the rise of Pink Lady. Also, it has to be said that the colour variation of Fuji is quite wide, ranging from from light pink to crimson pink - some of this being the result of the development of a number of sports and variations on the original. For most of the 20th century the USA dominated world apple production (mainly with Golden Delicious and Red Delicious), but China is now the biggest single apple growing region. Fuji accounts for more than 70% of apple production in China.

Fuji identification photos from official fruit collections UK National Fruit Collection ©Crown Copyright more >

Fuji identification photos from website visitors

Fuji Nagafu

Gala apple

One of the most widely-grown apple varieties, with a sweet pleasant flavour, and good keeping qualities.

Origins     

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Golden Delicious and Kidd's Orange Red Originates from: New Zealand Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1085 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1976-144

Identification      

Flesh colour: White Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Fruit size: Small Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Variable Bultitude apple group: 6. Red flushed, smooth, sweet

Using      

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Juice Flavour quality: Average Harvest period: Mid season Harvest period: Late season Use / keeping: 3 months or more Flavour fades in storage but remains sweet

Growing         

Cropping: Good Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Partially self-fertile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Average growth Gardening skill: Average Attractive features: Attractive blossom General disease resistance: Poor Very susceptible to scab Period of origin: 1900 - 1949

Climate    

Chilling: Low-chill Climate suitability: Temperate climates Prefers drier conditions Climate suitability: Warm climates Blossom frost-resistance: Good resistance

Other qualities 

Awards: RHS AGM 1993

Disease resistance     

Canker - Some susceptibility Mildew - Some susceptibility Fireblight - Some susceptibility Cedar apple rust - Some susceptibility Scab - Very susceptible

Pests 


Relationships to other varieties Parents and other ancestors of this variety:    

Cox's Orange Pippin Delicious Golden Delicious (parent) Kidd's Orange Red (parent)

Offspring of this variety: 

Aurora Golden Gala™

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Galarina Initial Kanzi Mairac® Pacific Rose™ Rubens® Sansa Sonya


Royal Gala



One of the most widely grown apple varieties in the world, and a mainstay of the supermarket apple selection - not least because it is available year round from northern and southern hemisphere suppliers. One of the unique features of Gala is that it can be grown with good quality results in both temperate and warm apple-growing regions, and it is generally regarded as a low-chill variety (i.e. it can be grown in regions which experience less than 800 hours of cool winter temperatures a year). Gala is a cross between Kidd's Orange Red and Golden Delicious - a highly promising start. Bearing in mind that Kidd's Orange Red is the offspring of Cox's Orange Pippin and (Red) Delicious, Gala is effectively a union of three of the world's most important and distinctive apple varieties. Perhaps the flavor does not quite live up to that promise, but this is still a high quality apple with the potential to deliver really good flavor, particularly when home grown. The colouration of Gala is exactly as you would expect from a cross between a Cox-type variety (Cox is one of the parents of Kidd's Orange Red) and Golden Delicious. It starts out as a very light coloured Cox, mainly orange streaks over yellow; mature apples are much darker, often a strong red colour. (The colour is a good indicator in supermarket Galas of the age of the apple: if it is very pale then it is probably the new season's crop, probably picked slightly early; if it is very dark then either it has been left deliberately on the tree to mature or it has matured over a long period in a cold store). It is interesting to compare Gala with Freyberg. Freyberg was developed by the same grower in New Zealand and is a cross between Golden Delicious and Cox's Orange Pippin, whereas Gala is a cross between Golden Delicious and Kidd's Orange Red (which is itself an offspring of Cox). A comparison of Gala and Freyberg is therefore a way of looking at the effect of the aromatic qualities of a Cox, applied in varying degrees on the easy-going sweet flavour of Golden Delicious. Because Gala is so widely grown, and keeps well in storage, it is not unusual around April/May and September/October to see Gala apples for sale from both northern and southern hemisphere

suppliers at the same time - with one having spent roughly six months in storage. In the UK and USA, make sure you are buying southern hemisphere Galas after April, and northern hemisphere after September. We reckon that Galas from South Africa and New Zealand seem to taste fresher and crisper than those from Brazil. From the northern hemisphere, French ones are generally better than UK or Italian ones. However in both cases it is largely a matter of luck, and regardless of the source, Galas are generally pleasant and un-demanding to eat. Given its commercial importance, a number of sports have been developed - mutations of the original variety with slightly different qualities (usually better colouration). The following varieties are all sports or tradenames of Gala: Annaglo, Galaxy, Regala, Tenroy, Mondial Gala, Royal Gala. Apple purists tend to dismiss supermarket varieties like Gala as bland and boring, often with good reason. However it has to be said that if you want a reliable sweet easy-eating apple, Gala is actually hard to beat. It is also important to compare "apples with apples" - a locally-picked specialist variety in a farmers market is inevitably going to taste better than a supermarket Gala which has travelled from another country. However, anyone fortunate enough to have tried a Gala straight from the tree will know that it has a surprisingly punchy sweet flavour, not found in supermarket specimens. In freshly-picked examples the sweetness typical of Gala has a pear-like quality - which is perhaps more fully expressed in one of its offspring, Jazz. At the end of the day, whilst there are undoubtedly many better varieties around, none of them are so readily available ! Our headline photo shows a tree-ripened Gala grown in the south of England. Note that it is a deeper red than some shop-bought Galas, and the resemblance to Kidd's Orange Red is quite noticeable in this particular example.

Gala identification photos from official fruit collections UK National Fruit Collection ©Crown Copyright more >

Gala

A tree-ripened Gala apple, note the shape, reminiscent of Golden Delicious

Golden Delicious apple

Undoubtedly one of the most important apple varieties of the 20th century, both as a commercial variety in its own right, and as breeding stock for many other varieties. Very good flavor when home-grown.

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Grimes Golden ??? Originates from: West Virginia, United States Introduced: 1890s Developed by: Anderson Mullins Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1084 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1969-019

Identification     

Fruit colour: Yellow / Gold Flesh colour: White Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Flesh colour: White to Greenish to Greenish Yellow Fruit size: Medium

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Fruit size: Variable Bultitude apple group: 5. Yellow, smooth, sweet or acidic

Using     

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Cooking result: Keeps shape Harvest period: Late season Vitamin C content: Low

Growing           

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Partially self-fertile Ploidy: Diploid Pollinating others: Good Vigour: Average growth Gardening skill: Very easy Fruit bearing: Spur-bearer Attractive features: Attractive blossom Period of origin: 1850 - 1899

Climate    

Chilling: Low-chill Climate suitability: Temperate climates Climate suitability: Warm climates Blossom frost-resistance: Good resistance

Other qualities 



Canker - Some susceptibility Scab - Some susceptibility Mildew - Some susceptibility Fireblight - Some susceptibility Cedar apple rust - Very susceptible

Relationships to other varieties Parents and other ancestors of this variety: 

Grimes Golden (parent)

Offspring of this variety:                                        

Ambrosia - Probable parent Anna (distant descendant) Ariane (distant descendant) Arlet Cheerfull Gold™ Crimson Crisp™ (distant descendant) Dalitron Dorsett Golden - Golden Delicious is probably the parent, or possibly grand-parent of Dorsett Golden. Elstar Enterprise (distant descendant) Estivale Evelina® Falstaff Florina (distant descendant) Freedom (distant descendant) Freyberg Gala Ginger Gold GoldRush Greensleeves Honeygold Jester Jonafree (distant descendant) Jonagold Mollie's Delicious (distant descendant) Mutsu Nittany Novaspy (distant descendant) Opal® Orin Ozark Gold Pink Lady® Pinova Pixie Crunch™ (distant descendant) Polka® Priam (distant descendant) Priscilla (distant descendant) Rajka (distant descendant) Red Falstaff® Red Gold

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Red Prince Rubinette Saturn Scarlett O'Hara™ (distant descendant) Scrumptious® Shizuka Sonya (distant descendant) - Related via Gala - Sonya is even sweeter than Golden Delicious Spencer Spigold Suncrisp™ Sundowner® Sunrise Tentation® Topaz (distant descendant) Virginia Gold


Razor Russet

See also: 

Red Delicious - Golden Delicious and Red Delicious are not related, but are both commercially important varieties


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Cedar-Apple Rust Author: Stephen Vann, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture (FSA7538) Rated as highly susceptible - control always needed where CAR is prevalent. Golden Delicious is a very popular as a supermarket apple variety, and now undergoing something of a rehabilitation amongst apple enthusiasts who are re-discovering its potential. The variety was discovered by a West Virginia farmer at the end of the 19th century. It is generally considered to be a seedling of Grimes Golden, to which it bears a strong resemblance. The variety was soon taken up by the famous Stark Brothers nursery, who were so impressed by it that they bought the original tree and an area of land around it. The tree lived on into the 1950s, by which time it had become firmly established as one of the world's great apple varieties. Golden Delicious is now planted in all the major warm apple growing areas of the world. From a grower's perspective Golden Delicious is an attractive proposition - very easy to grow, heavy crops, and fruit which keeps in storage for a long time after harvest. These qualities meant that by the mid-late 20th century Golden Delicious had become one of the mainstays of supermarket apple sales, along with Red Delicious and Granny Smith. Towards the end of the 20th century when flavour once again became important in apples, detractors saw Golden Delicious as bland and boring, and it became a victim of its own success. However enthusiasts are increasingly re-discovering Golden Delicious, and recognising that behind the mass-production and supermarket shelf-appeal there is a very good apple. Part of the problem is that fruit picked for supermarkets is often picked when still green, and then stored for months before sale. In contrast when allowed to ripen to a golden-green color on the tree the true flavour is revealed - exceptionally sweet and rich, almost like eating raw sugar cane. Golden

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Delicious is also a versatile apple, and can be used both for dessert and cooking purposes, and it has an attractive appearance - which can indeed be golden if left to mature on the tree. Furthermore, there is no doubting the importance of Golden Delicious in the sheer number of new varieties which have been raised from it. You do not need to be a professional grower to realise that crossing Golden Delicious with Cox's Orange Pippin (or their respective offspring) might lead to something with both the sweetness of Golden Delicious and the richness and complexity of Cox, and that is indeed what many have tried. That other supermarket staple, Gala, is a good example of this strategy. Golden Delicious can grow well in the UK provided you have a warm and sheltered microclimate. Our photo shows an English-grown Golden Delicious - not the perfect specimen you might see in a supermarket, but still a nice crisp sweet apple. The variety known as Yellow Delicious is believed to be a synonym for Golden Delicious, possibly the result of unauthorized propagation from the original Golden Delicious tree.

Golden Delicious identification photos from official fruit collections UK National Fruit Collection ©Crown Copyright more >

Golden Delicious identification photos from website visitors

Golden Delicious

Golden Harvey apple

Intense, sweet, sharp-flavored russet apple famous for strong cider.

Origins   

Species: Malus domestica Originates from: Herefordshire, England, United Kingdom Introduced: 1600s

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Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1712 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1954-024

Identification 

Fruit size: Small

Using       

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Uses: Juice Uses: Hard cider Flavour quality: Very good Flavour style: Sweet/Sharp Harvest period: Late season

Growing          

Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 3 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Large Gardening skill: Average Precocity: Slow to start bearing Fruit bearing: Spur-bearer General disease resistance: Average Period of origin: 1600 - 1649

Golden Harvey identification photos from official fruit collections


Golden Harvey identification photos from website visitors

Golden Harvey

Golden Noble apple

A sweet-flavoured cooking apple, and a good tree for the garden.

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Unknown Originates from: Norfolk, England, United Kingdom Introduced: 1820 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1025 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1974-407

Identification  

Fruit colour: Green Bultitude apple group: 5. Yellow, smooth, sweet or acidic

Using        

Uses: Cooking Uses: Juice Cooking result: Puree Flavour quality: Good Flavour style: Sweeter Harvest period: Mid-Late season Use / keeping: 1-2 months Vitamin C content: High

Growing           

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Late season Flowering group: 5 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Slightly small Gardening skill: Very easy Precocity: Precocious Fruit bearing: Partial tip-bearer Attractive features: Attractive blossom General disease resistance: Average

Climate  

Climate suitability: Temperate climates Blossom frost-resistance: Susceptible

Other qualities 



Canker - Some resistance Scab - Some resistance Mildew - Very susceptible Fireblight - Very susceptible


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Edward VII Golden Noble is a well-known English cooking apple, originating in the early 19th century. It was discovered by the gardener of Sir Thomas Harr of Stowe Hall in Norfolk, who obtained a cutting from a tree in a nearby orchard. Sir Thomas presented it to the Horticultural Society of London in 1820. It soon established itself as a popular culinary apple. Golden Noble remains a popular garden apple in the UK to this day. It has several excellent qualities and deserves consideration if you are looking for a more interesting alternative to Bramley's Seedling. It produces attractive blossom, and the tree generally grows in neat and tidy fashion (unlike Bramley) making it a good choice as a feature tree for the garden. It also bears fruit early in its life. In the kitchen it cooks down to a puree with, for a cooker, a relatively sweet flavour which holds up well in cooking.

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Golden Noble therefore has all the attributes of a good cooking apple - at least in English eyes. It has not had much success outside the UK, probably because in Europe and North America there is a preference for apples which keep their shape - what the English regard as a puree the Americans see as a mush.

Golden Noble identification photos from official fruit collections ARS GRIN ©Copyright


Golden Noble identification photos from website visitors

Golden Noble apples - note the tip-bearing tendency

Golden Noble tree showing the neat growth habit

Golden Noble blossom

Golden Nugget apple

A small, broadly conical, long-stemmed predominately yellow fruit with orange streaks and splashes. Crisp, juicy flesh with extra sweet, rich, mellow flavor. Fine for eating out of hand, excellent for pies, sauce and apple butter. Short keeping life.

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Golden Russet x Cox's Orange Pippin Originates from: Nova Scotia, Canada Introduced: 1932 Developed by: C.J. Bishop of Kentville, Nova Scotia Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1713

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UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1965-026

Using 

Harvest period: Mid-Late season

Growing   

Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 3 Period of origin: 1900 - 1949


Cox's Orange Pippin (parent) Golden Russet (parent)

Golden Nugget identification photos from official fruit collections


Golden Nugget identification photos from website visitors

Golden Nugget apples

Golden Pippin apple

Yellow colored with a sharp, intense fruity flavor.


Species: Malus domestica Originates from: Sussex, England, United Kingdom Introduced: 1629 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1715 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1946-024

Using    

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Uses: Juice Uses: Hard cider

Growing        

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 3 Fertility: Self-sterile Vigour: Average growth Gardening skill: Average Fruit bearing: Spur-bearer General disease resistance: Good

Climate  

Climate suitability: Temperate climates Climate suitability: Tolerates cold winters

Disease resistance 

Scab - Very resistant

Relationships to other varieties Offspring of this variety:   

Court Of Wick Pitmaston Pine Apple apple Yellow Ingestrie

Golden Pippin identification photos from official fruit collections UK National Fruit Collection ©Crown Copyright more >

Golden Pippin identification photos from website visitors

Golden Pippin apples

Golden Reinette apple

A very old variety, popular in 18th and 19th centuries, a pleasant mild dry flavour.

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Blenheim Orange ?? Originates from: France Introduced: 1600s Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1162 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 2000-038

Growing     

Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Average growth

Relationships to other varieties Parents and other ancestors of this variety:    

Blenheim Orange (parent) - Golden Reinette is possibly a child of Blenheim Orange A very old European apple variety, widely grown in the 17th and 18th centuries and therefore worth trying simply for the historical interest. Golden Reinette also looks attractive - but we don't think the flavor is anything special, although it is perfectly acceptable. Like many old varieties Golden Reinette is resistant to the apple disease scab.

Golden Reinette identification photos from official fruit collections


Golden Reinette identification photos from website visitors

Golden Russet apple

Golden Russet is usually considered as one of the best-flavored of the American russet apples.


Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Thought to be a seedling of an English russet variety Originates from: New York state, United States Introduced: 1845 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1586

Identification    

Fruit colour: Yellow / Gold Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Flesh colour: Yellow to Very Yellow Fruit size: Small

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Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Variable Bultitude apple group: 8. Russeted, sweet

Using         

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Uses: Juice Uses: Hard cider Cooking result: Keeps shape Flavour quality: Very good Flavour style: Sweeter Harvest period: Late season Use / keeping: 3 months or more

Growing         

Cropping: Good Flowering period: Early-Mid season Flowering group: 2 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Slightly large Gardening skill: Average Fruit bearing: Tip-bearer Period of origin: 1800 - 1849

Climate  


Disease resistance  

Scab - Some resistance Cedar apple rust - Some susceptibility


Golden Nugget Northwestern Greening

See also:  

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Ashmead's Kernel Golden Russet is a small moderately attractive apple, which keeps well, and is very versatile for eating, cooking or juicing. The flavor is typical of a russet apple but rather more intense than the traditional English St. Edmunds Russet or Egremont Russet - more similar to Ashmeads Kernel. The origins of Golden Russet are not clear but it arose in upstate New York in the 19th century, possibly derived from an English russet variety. The flavor and slightly flattened shape suggest a connection with to Ashmeads Kernel, which has always been grown in the USA. However there is also a variety with the name Golden Russet in England, described by the English Pomologist Robert Hogg in the late 19th century. His description of the apple and its qualities are very similar to the American Golden Russet, yet he makes no mention of it being grown in the USA, even though he was aware of and described many other American varieties. For a time Golden Russet was grown on a commercial basis but then fell out of fashion. It has enjoyed a resurgence of interest because the strong-flavored juice is ideal for cider and hard cider production.

Golden Spire apple

A good quality yellow cooking apple.

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Unknown Originates from: Lancashire, England, United Kingdom Introduced: 1850 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1163 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 2000-039 Some historical details taken with kind permission from 'The New Book of Apples' by Joan Morgan and Alison Richards , illustrated by Elisabeth Dowle, published by Ebury Press, 2002.

Identification 

Fruit colour: Yellow / Gold

Using

     

Uses: Cooking Uses: Juice Uses: Hard cider Cooking result: Puree Flavour quality: Good Flavour style: Sharper

Growing       

Flowering period: Early season Flowering group: 1 Fertility: Self-fertile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Weak growing Gardening skill: Very easy Attractive features: Attractive tree

Disease resistance   

Scab - Some susceptibility Golden Spire was intrroduced in the Victorian period, primarily as a cooking apple. It was discovered in Lancashire but spread to Gloucestershire where it was known as Tom Matthews and grown for cider production. It remains popular in England as a garden variety, and is notable for its distinctive cider-like flavour. The flesh is juicy and it cooks to a puree with an excellent apple flavour.

Golden Spire identification photos from official fruit collections


Golden Spire identification photos from website visitors

GoldRush apple

A modern disease-resistant apple variety related to Golden Delicious, with crisp hard flesh and a good sugar / acid balance.

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Seed parent is Golden Delicious Originates from: Purdue Research Farm, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, United States Introduced: 1990s Developed by: Joint breeding programme of Indiana, Illinois, and New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations. Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1557

Identification 

Fruit colour: Yellow / Gold

Using  

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking

     

Uses: Juice Uses: Hard cider Flavour quality: Very good Flavour style: Sweeter Harvest period: Very-Late season Use / keeping: 3 months or more

Growing         

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Slightly small Bearing regularity: Biennial tendency Precocity: Precocious Fruit bearing: Spur-bearer


Scab - Very resistant Mildew - Very resistant Fireblight - Some resistance Cedar apple rust - Some susceptibility


Golden Delicious (parent) Rome Beauty

References and further reading about this variety

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Cedar-Apple Rust Author: Stephen Vann, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture (FSA7538) Rated as highly susceptible - control always needed where CAR is prevalent. GoldRush is an attractive smooth-skinned modern dessert apple, specifically developed for scab-resistance. The flavour is good, typical of Golden Delicious but with a bit more acidity. As a relatively new variety there is not much experience yet, but it appears to be good at most of the things Golden Delicious is good at, including keeping well and with excellent juice. The variety is derived from Golden Delicious as the seed parent, with crosses from several other research varieties including Winesap, Melrose, Rome Beauty and Malus floribunda - the latter being a well-known source of the Vf scab-resistant gene. More details of the scientific programme that led to GoldRush can be found at the Purdue University website: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/pri/coop38-3.html. GoldRush is sometimes known by its programme reference Coop38. GoldRush makes a good garden apple variety - heavy-cropping, good disease-resistance, winter-hardy, and almost foolproof to grow. Its one drawback is susceptibility to Cedar Apple Rust (CAR).

GoldRush identification photos from website visitors

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submitted by North Star Orchard, Pennsylvania, USA

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GoldRush

GoldRush young tree

Granny Smith apple

The most instantly-recognised of all apples, and perhaps Australia's most famous export.

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Possibly French Crab and Rome Beauty Originates from: Australia Introduced: 1860s Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1129 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1976-145


Fruit colour: Green Flesh colour: White

   

Flesh colour: White to Greenish to Greenish Yellow Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Variable Bultitude apple group: 2. Green, smooth, sweet

Using      

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Cooking result: Keeps shape Flavour style: Sharper Harvest period: Very-Late season Use / keeping: 3 months or more

Growing          

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 3 Fertility: Self-fertile Ploidy: Diploid Pollinating others: Good Vigour: Average growth Bearing regularity: Biennial tendency Precocity: Precocious Period of origin: 1850 - 1899

Climate  

Chilling: Low-chill 600 hours Climate suitability: Warm climates


Cedar apple rust - Some resistance Scab - Some susceptibility Mildew - Some susceptibility Fireblight - Some susceptibility

Pests 



French Crab apple (parent)


Lady Williams - Probable parent of Lady Williams




Cedar-Apple Rust Author: Stephen Vann, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture (FSA7538) Rated as resistant - control only needed under high disease pressure. Perhaps the most instantly recognisable of all apple varieties and one of the most widely known, Granny Smith is also one of Australia's most famous exports. Granny Smith pre-dates the modern approach to apple development and marketing. Like all the best old varieties it has a bizarre history, being discovered in Austrialia in the 1860s as a seedling growing in the remains of a rubbish tip. The true parentage is still unknown but is possibly French Crab. The discoverer - a Mrs Maria Smith (sometimes referred to as Mary Smith but see note below) - found that the apple was versatile for cooking and eating, and was involved in spreading its popularity. In an inspired piece of marketing she called the new apple Granny Smith. By the 1960s Granny Smith was practically syonymous with 'apple' and the variety was used by the Beatles as the logo for their company 'Apple Records'. Granny Smith was one of the original staple supermarket varieties, and one of the first international varieties, a role for which it was well suited. The tough skin and amazing keeping qualities meant it could easily be shipped around the world. It requires a warm climate to ripen properly, and performs well in the main apple-growing regions of the southern hemisphere. In the northern hemisphere it is grown in France and the warmer zones of North America. The trademark apple-green skin requires warm days and nights - we have seen Granny Smiths grown at a relatively high altitude in central France which develop a blush because of the cold night temperatures towards the end of the growing season. There is only one word to describe the flavour of Granny Smith: acidic. It is an uncompromising crisp hard apple with a very sharp taste.

However, served slightly chilled it can also be very refreshing, and works well in salads. The flavor sweetens in storage. Nevertheless, its share of the international market is on the decline, with supermarkets preferring to sell bi-coloured varieties with a sweeter flavour.  

Update: Granny Smiths in Central California, from Axel in Santa Cruz Here in coastal Central California apples can remain on the tree well into February. Our nights get quite cool, mid 30's to mid 40's, but we rarely experience freezing temperatures. Daytimes are usually in the 50's to low 60's. In that climate, Granny Smiths go from being green to turning completely yellow and looking almost like Golden Delicious. What is more significant is how the fruit tastes. The acidity definitely mellows significantly, and it then takes on an amazing balanced flavor. I can't imagine anyone ever selecting such an apple and promoting it unless they got to taste it in this form, because when it's fully ripe, it's simply one of the best, crunchiest, most balanced table apple I've eaten. We have several apples growing in this area that are very late ripening, e.g. January and February. Lady Williams, Pink Lady, Hoover, Hauer pippin and Granny Smith all come to mind. These are all essentially inedible in November, and don't become tasty until January, Some will also mellow on the tree, but the BRIX goes way up if left on the tree. Of course, in our climate, some apple trees retain their leaves all the way into January. I have one tree called 'Sweet Valentine' named for the fact that the fruit ripens on valentine's day. It was discovered locally as a rootstock seedling shoot in an abandoned orchard. It is said that the best apples are the ones that ripen when the leaves begin to turn and fall off. The theory has it that the nutrients that went to the leaves go to to the apples. I've tasted Fujis left on the tree, and they develop an incredibly sweet water core, almost like eating pure honey - too sweet for my taste, but it is a fun experience. For us, since our apples grow into January, it makes the late apples the best quality apples we can grow. Unfortunately, no one in commercial apple growing cares, because the entire fruit growing industry is bent on only one thing: getting the first fruit to market to get the highest possible price. The end result is that a lot of these amazing late varieties are simply forgotten, or they don't let them ripen properly, as is the case with the granny smith.

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Further insight into the origins of Granny Smith from Steve Goard of Sydney, Australia Granny Smith is my great,great,great,great,grandmother, and her name was not Mary! Her name was Maria Ann Smith, nee Sherwood, (pronounced the same way as diva Mariah Carey), 1800-1870, married to Thomas Smith, 1797-1876. The orchard was located in Eastwood, now in the City of Ryde, Sydney. It is most probable that 'French Crab' apples were from wooden crates purchased at the Sydney Markets, after selling her produce, to facilitate transporting the next crop of fruit from her orchard (and I would say it was more likely the 'compost' heap rather than 'rubbish tip'!). Technically it is called a 'sport' which means a reproducing hybrid; the original term dates back to the time of Jane Austen. And 'YES' they are my favorite apples!!!

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Granny Smith parentage - update We have now had the opportunity to study a French Crab apple tree at the UK National Fruit Collections (thanks to FAST for faciliating this). The similarity with Granny Smith is quite striking - not just that distinctive green color but also the way the fruits seem to be hidden within the depths of the tree canopy. We can't comment on the exact relationship, but it seems clear it is very close.

Granny Smith identification photos from official fruit collections UK National Fruit Collection ©Crown Copyright more >

Granny Smith identification photos from website visitors

Granny Smith showing red coloration which can arise in some climates

Idared apple

Idared is notable for its exceptional keeping qualities. It has a pleasant mild but undistinguished apple flavor.

Origins        

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Jonathan x Wagener Originates from: Moscow, Idaho, United States Introduced: 1930s Developed by: Idaho Agricultural Experimental Station Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1092 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1976-146 Some historical details taken with kind permission from 'The New Book of Apples' by Joan Morgan and Alison Richards , illustrated by Elisabeth Dowle, published by Ebury Press, 2002.


Flesh colour: White Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Flesh colour: White to Greenish to Greenish Yellow Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Variable

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Bultitude apple group: 6. Red flushed, smooth, sweet

Using      

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Flavour quality: Good Flavour style: Sweet/Sharp Harvest period: Late season Use / keeping: 3 months or more

Growing         

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Early-Mid season Flowering group: 2 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Slightly small Precocity: Precocious Fruit bearing: Spur-bearer Period of origin: 1900 - 1949

Climate   

Climate suitability: Temperate climates Climate suitability: Warm climates Blossom frost-resistance: Good resistance

Other qualities 



Mildew - Some susceptibility Fireblight - Some susceptibility Cedar apple rust - Some susceptibility


Jonathan (parent) Wagener (parent)

Offspring of this variety:    

Arlet Fiesta® Herefordshire Russet Junami (distant descendant)


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Cedar-Apple Rust Author: Stephen Vann, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture (FSA7538) Rated as susceptible - control usually needed where CAR is prevalent. Idared - the red apple from Idaho - is an attractive apple with a mild apple flavor. Its main feature is its remarkably long storage potential - even in a domestic fridge it will readily keep for 6 months. As a result it has become quite popular, both in North America and Europe, even though its flavor probably only rates as average.

Idared identification photos from official fruit collections


Idared identification photos from website visitors

Jonagold apple

A very popular commercial variety, with a good flavour. Inherits many of the good qualities of its parents Jonathan and Golden Delicious.

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Golden Delicious x Jonathan Originates from: Geneva, New York, United States Introduced: 1943 Developed by: New York State Agricultural Experiment Station Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1033 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1982-291


Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Flesh colour: Yellow to Very Yellow Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Large Fruit size: Very large

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Fruit size: Variable Bultitude apple group: 6. Red flushed, smooth, sweet

Using        

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Uses: Juice Uses: Hard cider Flavour quality: Very good Flavour style: Sweet/Sharp Harvest period: Late season Use / keeping: 1-2 months

Growing          

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Triploid Pollinating others: Poor Vigour: Large Gardening skill: Average General disease resistance: Poor Period of origin: 1900 - 1949

Other qualities 

Awards: RHS AGM


Canker - Some susceptibility Scab - Some susceptibility Fireblight - Some susceptibility Cedar apple rust - Some susceptibility


Golden Delicious (parent) Jonathan (parent)


Ambrosia - Possible parent

Sports (natural genetic mutations) of this variety:  

Excel Jonagold Jonagored


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Cedar-Apple Rust Author: Stephen Vann, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture (FSA7538) Rated as susceptible - control usually needed where CAR is prevalent. Jonagold is high quality American apple, developed in the 1940s. As its name suggests, this is a cross between a Jonathan and a Golden Delicious. It is quite widely grown, and unusually for a Golden Delicious cross, is not limited to the warm apple regions, although it is not often found in the UK. Jonagold is a large apple, and makes a substantial snack. If you are struggling to eat your 5 portions of fruit and veg per day, this can help! The large size is a good clue that this is a triploid apple variety, with 3 sets of genes. As a result it is a poor pollinator of other apple varieties, and needs two different nearby compatible pollinating apple varieties. Golden Delicious is well-known as a good pollinator of other apple varieties, but cannot pollinate Jonagold. The colouring is yellow of Golden Delicious, with large flushes of red. This is a crisp apple to bite into, with gleaming white flesh. The flavour is sweet but with a lot of balancing acidity - a very pleasant apple. Jonagold's other parent, Jonathan, is an old American variety which was discovered in the 1820s. In the UK Jonagold sometimes appears in supermarkets in the spring packaged as "value" apples, often from Holland, and at a very low

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price. We are trying to find out more about these apples, but it seems that they are mainly "second" quality apples which are nearing the end of their storage life and are surplus to other uses. Jonagold is widely-grown by commercial growers, and there are a number of more highly-coloured sports. Jonagored is probably the most widely known of these. Others include: Decosta, Primo, Rubinstar, Red Jonaprince.

Jonagold identification photos from official fruit collections UK National Fruit Collection ©Crown Copyright more >

Jonagold identification photos from website visitors

Jonagored apple

Conical shaped apple with streaky red blush, crackled with russet that masks large tan lenticels. Light Yellow green flesh. Very juicy and sweet, tempered with a little tartness.

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Sport of Jonagold Originates from: Halen, Belgium Introduced: 1985 Developed by: Jos Morren Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1753 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1987-056

Using 

Harvest period: Late season

Growing      

Flowering period: Early season Flowering group: 1 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Triploid Pollinating others: Poor Period of origin: 1950 - 1999

Relationships to other varieties This variety is a sport (natural genetic mutation) of: 

Jonagold

Jonagored identification photos from official fruit collections


Jonagored identification photos from website visitors

Jonared apple

Flavor similar to Jonathan

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Sport of Jonathan Originates from: Peshastin, Washington, United States Introduced: 1934 Developed by: William Uecher Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1756 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1957-004

Using 


Growing   

Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 3 Period of origin: 1900 - 1949


Jonathan

Jonared identification photos from official fruit collections


Jonared identification photos from website visitors

Jonathan apple

A classic American variety, and widely regarded as one of the best flavoured with a good sweet/sharp balance. A precocious and productive tree in US apple-growing regions.

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Espopus Spitzenberg seedling Originates from: United States Introduced: 1864 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1192 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1979-164 We are grateful to Brogdale Farm - home of the UK National Fruit Collection - for providing samples of this variety.


Flesh colour: White Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Flesh colour: Pale Pink or Red Flesh colour: Yellow to Very Yellow

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Fruit size: Small Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Variable Bultitude apple group: 6. Red flushed, smooth, sweet

Using    

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Cooking result: Textured puree Harvest period: Late season

Growing       

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 3 Fertility: Partially self-fertile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Average growth Period of origin: 1800 - 1849

Climate 

Chilling: Low-chill A borderline case - only needs about 700 hours


Canker - Some susceptibility Mildew - Some susceptibility Scab - Very susceptible Fireblight - Very susceptible Cedar apple rust - Very susceptible

Pests 

Woolly aphid - Some resistance


Esopus Spitzenburg (parent)

Offspring of this variety:                      

Akane Chieftain Crimson Crisp™ (distant descendant) Dayton (distant descendant) Florina Idared Jonafree (distant descendant) Jonagold Jonagrimes Jonalicious Jonamac Kent King David Melrose Novamac (distant descendant) Ozark Gold (distant descendant) Priam Red Prince Redfree (distant descendant) Saturn (distant descendant) William's Pride (distant descendant) WineCrisp™ (distant descendant)

Sports (natural genetic mutations) of this variety:  

Jonared Red Jonathan

See also:

 

Karmijn de Sonnaville - Thought to be the male parent of Karmijn de Sonnaville Lady Williams - Jonathan has been suggested as a possible parent of Lady Williams.



Jonathan identification photos from official fruit collections UK National Fruit Collection ©Crown Copyright more >

Melrose apple

Official Ohio State apple. Large flattened fruit. Yellowish green skin flushed and streaked dark red with russet spots. Firm, coarse, juicy creamy white flesh. Slightly acid flavor. Very good cooking and dessert qualities. Best after Christmas when it develops it's fruity aroma.

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Jonathan x Red Delicious Originates from: United States Introduced: 1944 Developed by: Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1789


Flesh colour: White Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Flesh colour: White to Greenish to Greenish Yellow

 

Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Variable

Using 


Growing  

Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 3


Cedar apple rust - Some resistance Scab - Some susceptibility Mildew - Some susceptibility Fireblight - Some susceptibility


Delicious (parent) Jonathan (parent)

Melrose identification photos from official fruit collections


Melrose identification photos from website visitors

Mutsu apple

A versatile dual-purpose apple, sharp but still pleasant to eat fresh. Also known as Crispin.

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Golden Delicious Originates from: Japan Introduced: 1930 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1014 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1977-140

Identification      

Fruit colour: Green Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Flesh colour: White to Greenish to Greenish Yellow Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Large Fruit size: Very large



Bultitude apple group: 5. Yellow, smooth, sweet or acidic

Using        

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Uses: Juice Cooking result: Keeps shape Flavour quality: Very good Flavour style: Sweet/Sharp Harvest period: Late season Use / keeping: 3 months or more

Growing          

Cropping: Good Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 3 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Triploid Pollinating others: Poor Vigour: Large Bearing regularity: Biennial tendency slight tendency Gardening skill: Average Period of origin: 1900 - 1949

Climate  

Climate suitability: Temperate climates Climate suitability: Warm climates


Mildew - Some resistance Scab - Some susceptibility Fireblight - Some susceptibility Cedar apple rust - Some susceptibility


Golden Delicious (parent) Indo (parent)

Siblings of this variety (same parentage): 

Orin

See also:  

Akane - Akane and Mutsu were both developed at the Aomori Apple Research Station in Japan Shizuka


Cedar-Apple Rust Author: Stephen Vann, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture (FSA7538) Rated as susceptible - control usually needed where CAR is prevalent.

Known as Mutsu in its native Japan and in the USA, Crispin looks like a large Golden Delicious and indeed one of its parents is Golden Delicious so it has that lovely sweet honeyed flavour. It cooks superbly too and the women picking them in our local orchard used to call them 'oven busters' - take a big one home and bake it and you have a feast for two - and you don't need many for a deep apple pie. Crispin is one of a small number of varieties which really is dual purpose - being both pleasant as a dessert apple (albeit too large for 1 person) and versatile in the kitchen.

Mutsu identification photos from official fruit collections


Mutsu identification photos from website visitors

Pinova apple

An attractive yellow apple with a pink/orange flush. Crops heavily and stores well. Also known as Pinata.

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Golden Delicious x (Cox's Orange Pippin x Duchess of Oldenburg) Originates from: Germany Introduced: 1986 Developed by: Institute for Fruit Research, Dresden-Pillnitz Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1211 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1994-015


Flesh colour: White Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Variable

Using     

Uses: Eat fresh Flavour quality: Good Flavour style: Sweeter Harvest period: Late season Use / keeping: 3 months or more

Growing         

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 4 Can be pollinated by Golden Delicious Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Pollinating others: Poor A possible triploid? Vigour: Average growth Gardening skill: Average General disease resistance: Good

Climate  



Canker - Some resistance Scab - Some resistance Mildew - Some susceptibility


Cox's Orange Pippin

 

Duchess of Oldenburg Golden Delicious (parent)


Evelina®

Pinova identification photos from official fruit collections UK National Fruit Collection ©Crown Copyright more >

Pinova identification photos from website visitors

Priam apple

Medium range red over green-yellow. Keeps well through January.

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: PRI 14-126 x Jonathan Originates from: United States Introduced: 1974 Developed by: PRI (Purdue, Rutgers, Illinois Co Op) Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1845 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 2003-027

Using    

Uses: Eat fresh Flavour style: Sweet/Sharp Harvest period: Mid-Late season Use / keeping: 1-2 months

Growing          

Cropping: Good Flowering period: Mid season Flowering group: 3 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Average growth Gardening skill: Average Fruit bearing: Tip-bearer General disease resistance: Good Period of origin: 1950 - 1999


Scab - Some resistance Mildew - Some susceptibility

Relationships to other varieties Parents and other ancestors of this variety:   

Golden Delicious Jonathan (parent) Rome Beauty

 

Priam identification photos from website visitors

Prima apple

Medium to large fruit with dark red blush over yellow. Juicy white flesh with mild subacid flavor. Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: PRI 14-510 x NJ 123249 Originates from: United States Introduced: 1970 Developed by: PRI (Purdue, Rutgers, Illinois Co Op) Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1846 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1972-019


Flesh colour: White Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Flesh colour: Yellow to Very Yellow Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Variable

Using 

Harvest period: Mid-Late season


Scab - Very resistant Mildew - Some resistance Fireblight - Some resistance Cedar apple rust - Some resistance


Ariane (distant descendant) Rubinola



Prima identification photos from official fruit collections


Red Delicious apple

One of the most famous American apple varieties, a sport of Delicious, known for its bright red color.

Origins    

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Delicious Originates from: United States Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1133

Identification 

Fruit colour: Red

Using  

Uses: Eat fresh Vitamin C content: Low

Growing      

Cropping: Heavy Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid Vigour: Average growth

Climate 

Climate suitability: Warm climates


Cedar apple rust - Very resistant Mildew - Some resistance Fireblight - Some resistance Scab - Some susceptibility


Delicious

Offspring of this variety:        

Cameo - Cameo is thought to be a seedling of Red Delicious. Candy Crisp® Fuji Jonalicious Kiku® (distant descendant) Ozark Gold (distant descendant) Regent Sonya



Starkrimson

See also: 

Golden Delicious - Golden Delicious and Red Delicious are not related, but are both commercially important varieties

Red Delicious is one of the most famous American apples, and one of the most widely grown apple varieties. Although the names are similar, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious are entirely different varieties. There are a lot of other similarities though: both varieties were discovered in the USA at the end of the 19th century, both need warm climates, both have interesting histories, and both are basically sweet apples. Red Delicious is "sport" of the original Delicious apple, the bright red colour making it more commercially successful, and it has become a very important commercial apple variety especially in North America. Red Delicious is a medium-sized apple, with a tall conical shape. The dark and intense crimson colour makes it the quintessential red apple, and it is has strong shelf appeal. A number of improved "sports" have been developed, of which the most well-known is probably Starking. Unfortunately the visual appeal is not matched by the flavor. Red Delicious has a sweet but very mild flavor, somewhat reminscent of slightly over-ripe melon. The flesh is juicy and has a light crispness. The skin can be quite tough. Overall Red Delicious can be quite a refreshing apple to eat, but its chief characteristic is that it has almost no flavor at all. Some enthusiasts also believe that in the development of more highly coloured variants, the good flavor of the original Delicious has been bred out. Numerous further sports of Red Delicious have been developed, including: Oregon, Otago, Red Chief, Red King, Red Spur, Richared, Starking, Starkrimson, Starkspur. Red Delicious, like Golden Delicious, is starting to decline in popularity. According to the "Washington Post", Red Delicious' share of the harvest in Washington State, one of the USA's key apple-growing regions, has fallen from 3/4qtrs to just over 1/3rd of production in the 20 years to 2003. The lack of flavour is cited as one of the factors, and in Europe (where flavour has perhaps been relatively more important to consumers), Red Delicious has never been that successful. It is also worth noting that the vast majority of American Red Delicious production takes place in Washington State, where the cooler autumn climate contributes towards the perfect deep red finish and distinctive conical appearance. Red Delicious grown elsewhere in the US tends not to have the same level of red colouration, forcing growers to use some of the redder sports, which in turn do not always have the conical characteristics which consumers associate with Red Delicious. Red Delicious has been extensively used in breeding programmes, and its most interesting modern offspring is probably Fuji. It is also a parent of Empire, which inherits some of the melon flavour. It may also be a parent of Cameo

Red Delicious identification photos from website visitors

Reinette du Canada apple

An old French russet variety, and remains the definitive French russet variety. Also known as Reinette Blanche du Canada.

Origins      

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Unknown Originates from: France Introduced: 18th century Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1598 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 2001-125


Fruit colour: Yellow / Gold Bultitude apple group: 8. Russeted, sweet

Using

      

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Cooking result: Textured puree Flavour quality: Good Flavour style: Sweeter Harvest period: Late season Use / keeping: 1-2 months

Growing       

Cropping: Good Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Triploid Pollinating others: Poor Vigour: Large

Climate 

Climate suitability: Temperate climates

See also:  



Reinette Grise du Canada Inspite of the name, Reinette du Canada is an old French semi-russetted apple variety. It is one of the most widely-grown russet varieties in France, readily available in supermarkets and village markets simply as "Canada" - although this term is also used for the more russeted Reinette Grise du Canada. The extent of russeting is usually fairly light, and the underlying light yellow/green skin is readily visible and may be flushed red. Most russet apples have culinary qualities, but whereas the main English russet apples are usually regarded as dessert apples, Reinette du Canada is primarily a culinary apple.

Reinette du Canada identification photos from official fruit collections


Reinette du Canada identification photos from website visitors

Reinette du Canada

Reinette Grise du Canada apple

A more russeted form of the popular Reinette du Canada. Grown commercially in France and Italy.

Origins   

Species: Malus domestica Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1599 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1956-065


Fruit colour: Yellow / Gold Fruit size: Medium Bultitude apple group: 8. Russeted, sweet

Using   

Uses: Eat fresh Uses: Cooking Cooking result: Textured puree

  

Flavour style: Sweeter Harvest period: Late season Use / keeping: 1-2 months

Growing       

Cropping: Good Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Triploid Pollinating others: Poor Vigour: Large

Climate 

Climate suitability: Temperate climates

See also:   





Leather Coat - Leathercoat may be the same as Reinette Grise du Canada Reinette du Canada Reinette Grise du Canada is a popular French russet apple. Its origins are not clear - it is possibly a sport of Reinette du Canada, but this is not certain. The main difference is that the Reinette Grise has a far more complete russeted skin, whereas Reinette du Canada usually has only partial russeting. The more consistent russeting means that the Reinette Grise is more widely grown commercially, and is the form most likely to be seen in French supermarkets, where confusingly it is usually sold as "Canada". Like Reinette du Canada, Reinette Grise du Canada is a mainstay of French apple cookery. Its spicy flavour and consistency when cooked also make it ideal for apple strudel. Eaten fresh it has the sweet flavour typical of many russet apples.

Reinette Grise du Canada identification photos from official fruit collections


Reinette Grise du Canada identification photos from website visitors

Rome Beauty apple

An extremely attractive and productive red cooking apple, widely-grown in North America.

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Originates from: Ohio, United States Introduced: 1816 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1202 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1943-007 Some historical details taken with kind permission from 'The New Book of Apples' by Joan Morgan and Alison Richards , illustrated by Elisabeth Dowle, published by Ebury Press, 2002.

We are grateful to Brogdale Farm - home of the UK National Fruit Collection - for providing samples of this variety.

Identification       

Fruit colour: Red Flesh colour: White Flesh colour: White to Cream, pale yellow Flesh colour: White to Greenish to Greenish Yellow Flesh colour: Yellow to Very Yellow Fruit size: Medium Fruit size: Large

 

Fruit size: Very large Fruit size: Variable

Using   

Uses: Cooking Cooking result: Keeps shape Harvest period: Late season

Growing    

Flowering period: Late season Flowering group: 5 Fertility: Self-fertile Ploidy: Diploid

Climate  

Chilling: Low-chill Climate suitability: Warm climates


Fireblight - Very susceptible Cedar apple rust - Very susceptible

Relationships to other varieties Offspring of this variety:      

Enterprise (distant descendant) Florina (distant descendant) Freedom (distant descendant) GoldRush (distant descendant) Jonafree (distant descendant) Novamac (distant descendant)

    

Pixie Crunch™ (distant descendant) Priam (distant descendant) Priscilla (distant descendant) William's Pride (distant descendant) WineCrisp™ (distant descendant)


Red Rome


 



Cedar-Apple Rust Author: Stephen Vann, University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture (FSA7538) Rated as highly susceptible - control always needed where CAR is prevalent. Rome Beauty is a popular American good cooking apple, which retains its shape when cooked. It can also be eaten fresh, but the flavor is nothing special - this is an apple for cooking with. Rome Beauty is of the few heirloom US varieties that is now widely-grown outside the USA - it can be found in many of the warmer apple-growing regions. Unlike most apple varieties, it has a very low chilling requirement which means it can be grown in areas which do not have cold winters. Although not perhaps the greatest apple when it comes to flavor, Rome Beauty is well-regarded by apple breeders. It is an attractive apple with a good clean appearance, little troubled by disease, and a very reliable and heavy cropper. These qualities have led to it being incorporated in numerous breeding programs.

Rome Beauty identification photos from official fruit collections


Rome Beauty identification photos from website visitors

Rome Beauty apples in New York state

Royal Gala apple

Orange-red sweet, crisp medium-size fruit. Origins     

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Sport of Gala Originates from: New Zealand Introduced: 1934 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1884


Gala


Jazz™ Kalei

Royal Gala identification photos from official fruit collections


Starkrimson apple

Crisp, dense flesh, very sweet, quite juicy - a Delicious-style apple

Origins       

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: A sport of Starking, itself a sport of Delicious Originates from: United States Introduced: 1870 Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1175 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1979-188 Some historical details taken with kind permission from 'The New Book of Apples' by Joan Morgan and Alison Richards , illustrated by Elisabeth Dowle, published by Ebury Press, 2002.

Growing    

Flowering period: Mid-Late season Flowering group: 4 Fertility: Self-sterile Ploidy: Diploid


Red Delicious (parent)

Starking Delicious apple

A striped improvement of the original Delicious, inferior in color and typiness compared to today's selections, but superior in taste. Much more complex flavor with a honey component. Origins    

Species: Malus domestica Parentage: Sport of Delicious Orange Pippin Cultivar ID: 1921 UK National Fruit Collection accession number: 1951-034

Relationships to other varieties Offspring of this variety:     

Hazen Jupiter Priscilla Pristine™ (distant descendant) WineCrisp™ (distant descendant)

Starking Delicious identification photos from official fruit collections


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_apple_cultivars

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