EhiPgmrt Fushijss ^dmi
EhiPgmrt Paduthais 5<5-:6<-6=6= =60 Miywbjrj Ijw Xarc, IX
@aiehljithmdhty Mkrjjgjit
\bj uiljrshkijl rjmljr ae EhiPgmrt‘s Fushijss ^dmi bjrjfy m`ciawdjlkjs tbmt tbj hieargmthai pravhljl hs `agpdjtjdy `aiehljithmd mil tbjrjearj tbj rjmljr mkrjjs iat ta lhs`dasj miytbhik eauil hi tbj fushijss pdmi whtbaut tbj jxprjss wrhttji `aisjit ae EhiPgmrt. Ht hs mdsa m`ciawdjlkjl fy tbj rjmljr tbmt tbj hieargmthai ta fj eurihsbjl hi tbhs fushijss pdmi hs hi mdd mspj`ts `aiehljithmd hi imturj, atbjr tbmi hieargmthai tbmt hs hi tbj pufdh` lagmhi tbraukb atbjr gjmis mil tbmt miy lhs`dasurj ar usj ae tbj smgj fy tbj rjmljr gmy `musj sjrhaus bmrg mil ar lmgmkj ta EhiPgmrt. Zpai rjqujst tbhs fushijss pdmi la`ugjit whdd fj hggjlhmtjdy rjturijl ta EhiPgmrt. \bhs hs m fushijss pdmi. Ht lajs iat hgpdy mi aeejr ae miy sj`urhthjs.
Mppdh`mfdj Dmw \bhs `aitrm`t sbmdd fj kavjrijl fy tbj dmws hi tbj `auitry ae Mustrmdhm.
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Phkimturj
QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ ^rhitjl Imgj
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj 6
Avjrvhjw Gast ehimi`hmd saetwmrj talmy aidy pjreargs fmsjl arkmihzmthai eui`thais. Ht hs hi`mpmfdj ae pravhlhik hishkbt mil rjquhrjs bugmi histru`thai mil mimdyshs ta hgpravj `msb edaw. Bawjvjr, gast ae tbhs mimdyshs hs stmilmrl mil gast ae tbj bugmi histru`thai gmy fj jmshdy mutagmtjl. EhiPgmrt hs m erjjghug PmmP tbmt syi`braihzjs whtb m `dhjit‘s jxhsthik m``auithik, JV^, mil @VG systjgs mil mppdhjs gm`bhij djmrihik mdkarhtbgs prakrmggjl fy hilustry praejsshaimds ta bjdp hts usjrs prjlh`t, hgpravj, mil mutagmtj fushijss pra`jssjs tbmt hgpm`t `msb edaw ushik dhijmr prjlh`thvj galjdhik ‐ lhrj`tdy rjsudthik hi emstjr, garj jeeh`hjit krawtb.
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj 0
\mfdj ae @aitjits
Jxj`uthvj Puggmry ............................................................................................................... : ^ralu`t Puggmry................................................................................................................................. : Gmrcjt Puggmry ................................................................................................................................. : \brjj Xjmr Afoj`thvjs........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .................. 5 Cjys ta Pu``jss .................................................................................................................................... 5 Ehimi`hik Puggmry .............................................................................................................................. 5
EhiPgmrt ‐ M Fjttjr Ehi\j`b Paduthai ..................................................................................... ; Hilustry Avjrvhjw ................................................................................................................. ; Gmrcjt Ijjls ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Gmrcjt \rjils ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Gmrcjt Pjkgjitmthai........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .................. 8
Ptrmtjky & Hgpdjgjitmthai Pu ggmry .................................................................................... 8 Gmimkjgjit \jmg ............................................................................................................................ => Arkmihzmthaimd @bmrt .......................................................................................................................... == P[A\ Mimdyshs ................................................................................................................................... =6
@agpjththvj @agpmrhsai ..................................................................................................... =0 Gmrcjthik ^dmi .................................................................................................................... =< ^ragathai Ptrmtjky ............................................................................................................................ =<
Ehimi`hmd Earj`msts .............................................................................................................. =: Zsj ae Euils ...................................................................................................................................... =: Ehimi`hmd Bhkbdhkbts ............................................................................................................................ =5 Ehimi`hmd Hilh`mtars ............................................................................................................................ =; Vjvjiuj Earj`mst ............................................................................................................................... =2 ^raoj`tjl ^raeht mil Dass .................................................................................................................... =8 ^raoj`tjl @msb Edaw ........................................................................................................................... 6> ^raoj`tjl Fmdmi`j Pbjjt ..................................................................................................................... 6= Pjishthvhty Mimdyshs ............................................................................................................................. 66 Frjmc-Jvji Mimdyshs ........................................................................................................................... 60 [mkjs & ^myradd ................................................................................................................................. 6<
Mppjilhx ............................................................................................................................. 6:
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj <
Jxj`uthvj Puggmry EhiPgmrt hs m Ehi\j`b saetwmrj ms m sjrvh`j tbmt uthdhzjs gm`bh ij djmrihik mil fhk lmtm ta mutagmtj sjvjrmd rauthij pra`jssjs ta smvj `agpmihjs thgj, mil eargudmtjs saduthais ta patjithmd prafdjgs tbmt smvjs `agpmiy gaijy fy gmchik garj hieargjl lj`hshais mfaut tbjhr `msb edaw hi-bausj. \bj eaddawhik fushijss pdmi autdhijs tbj ehvj yjmr krawtb strmtjky ae EhiPgmrt, tbj prafdjgs ht sadvjs hi tbj gmrcjt, mil tbj praoj`tjl ehimi`hmd pjreargmi`j fmsjl ai hts `urrjit fushijss galjd.
^ralu`t Puggmry EhiPgmrt hs m saetwmrj tbmt sjmgdjssdy hitjkrmtjs whtb m `agpmiy‘s m``auithik, @VG, mil JV^ systjgs ta pravhlj m`thaimfdj hishkbts ta hgpravj tbjhr `msb edaw fy `aisadhlmthik tbj hiljpjiljit lmtm saur`js whtb prj-fuhdt mdkarhtbgs tbmt ljtj`t patjithmd prafdjgs ar appartuihthjs tbmt whdd bjdp m `agpmiy ta mutagmtj trhvhmd warcedaws mil/ar prapasj saduthais ta `agpdjx prafdjgs hi m shghdmr emsbhai ae mi hi-bausj ehimi`hmd `aisudtmit. Pagj ae tbj gmhi saduthais tbmt EhiPgmrt pravhljs whtb hts praprhjtmry mdkarhtbgs hi`duljs? •
Vj`jhvj pmygjits emstjr fy rjlu`hik tbj `addj`thais pjrhal.
•
Hi`rjmsj praeht fy hljitheyhik appartuihthjs ta hi`rjmsj `msb edaw mil strjmgdhij apjrmthais.
•
Ghthkmtj patjithmd rhscs fy mppdyhik prjlh`thvj mimdyth`s mil prapashik saduthais ear jm`b jvjit.
•
Hgpravj `ustagjr rjdmthaisbhps fy bmvhik garj m`thaimfdj hishkbt m`rass lmtm saur`js.
Gmrcjt Puggmry Ht hs wjdd rj`akihzjl tbmt gast sgmdd fushijssjs emhd, fut rjsjmr`b fy tbj ZP Pgmdd Fushijss Mlva`m`y sukkjsts tbmt 6:% ae `agpmihjs emhd luj ta `msb edaw prafdjgs, ht hs mi hitjrimthaimddy rj `akihzjl prafdjg. Bawjvjr, tbhs prafdjg hs m trh`cdj lawi jeej`t tbmt fjkhis m`rass tbj @VG, m``auithik gmimkjgjit, ar JV^ systjgs mil `audl rjsudts erag m `ustagjr sjkgjit, kraup ae vjilars, ar shgpdy ghsgmimkjgjit. EhiPgmrt ljtj`ts tbjsj prafdjgs fjearj tbjy a``ur, wbji tbj trjils fjkhi ta jgjrkj, hts systjg pravhljs m saduthai ta ghthkmtj rhsc mil hi`rjmsj jeeh`hji`y. Vjsjmr`b fy Hi`. Gmkmzhij mil ^I@ fmic autdhijs sagj `aggai rjmsais `msb edaw prafdjgs jxhst, mdd ae wbh`b `mi fj ljtj`tjl mil ghthkmtjl whtb Mutagmtkh`.mh? =. Ghsgmimkjgjit ae tbj `addj`thais pra`jss ar ia `addj`thais pra`jss 6. Daw smdjs sagjwbjrj mdaik tbj @VG phpjdhij 0. Mfiargmddy bhkb avjrbjml jxpjisjs rjdmthvj ta smdjs <. Zi`jrtmhity mfaut euturj `msb edaw (himfhdhty ta prapjrdy earj`mst) ear pdmiihik
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj :
\brjj Xjmr Afoj`thvjs
EhiPgmrt bms hljithehjl tbj eaddawhik tbrjj yjmr afoj`thvjs? •
Hitralu`j tbj Fjtm vjrshai ae tbj saetwmrj hita tbj gmrcjt.
•
Mttjil ehimi`hmd hilustry trmlj sbaws mil `aivjithais.
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Puppart hitjkrmthai whtb mdd gmoar m``auithik, @VG, mil JV^ pdmteargs.
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Hitralu`j prjlh`thvj djmrihik galudjs erag atbjr usjrs ai tbj pdmtearg.
•
Jxpmil kdafmddy mil bmvj m prjsji`j hi jvjry ljvjdapjl `auitry.
Cjys ta Pu``jss
EhiPgmrt bms hljithehjl tbj eaddawhik cjys ta su``jss? •
\bj usj ae dhijmr prjlh`thvj galjdhik ear warcedaw mutagmthai.
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Ljtj`thai ae jmrdy hilh`mtars mil wmrihik shkis ae `msb edaw prafdjgs.
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Mppdh`mfhdhty ta jvjry PGJ `auitry, rjkmrldjss ae tbj hilustry.
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Zsjr kjijrmtjl warcedaw galudjs tbmt mddaw vhrtumddy uidhghtjl `aitjit.
•
M pdmtearg tbj hgpravjs whtb garj usmkj, `rjmthik `ustagjr daymdty.
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M gmimkjgjit tjmg whtb jxpjrhji`j mil rjsaur`js hi jvjry gmoar kdafmd gmrcjt.
Ehimi`hik Puggmry
PtmrtupMssjts
PtmrtupDhmfhdhthjs =,>>>,>>> $=,>>>,>>>
@msb ai Bmil \atmd Ptmrtup Mssjts
Ptmrtup Jxpjisjs Ptmrtup Pmdjs & Gmrcjthik ^raejsshaimd Pjrvh`js Atbjr Ptmrtup Jxpjisj s \atmd Ptmrtup Jxpjisjs
=:,>>> =6,>>> =6,>>> $08,>>>
\atmd V jquhr jgjits \atmd Ptmrtup Jxpjisjs \atmd Ptmrtup Mssjts \atmd Vjquhr jgjits
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
08,>>> =,>>>,>>>
Dhmfhdhthjs mil @mphtmd @urrjit Farrawhik Daik-\jrg Dhmfhdhthjs M``auits ^mymfdj Atbjr @urrjit Dhmfhdhthjs
-
Ptmrtup Hivjstgjits ^dmiijl Hivjstgjit Awijr Hivjstar \atmd ^dmiijl Hivjstgjit
=,>08,>>> $=,>08,>>>
Ptmrtup Euilhik
$=,>08,>>> \atmd Dhmfhdhthjs \atmd ^dmiijl Hivjstgjit
=,>08,>>>
\atmd Euilhik
$=,>08,>>>
^mkj 5
EhiPgmrt ‐ M Fjttjr Ehi\j`b Paduthai Mutagmth`.mh pjreargs tbrjj prhgmry eui`thais. \bj prhgmry vmduj ta usjrs hs hts mfhdhty ta syi`braihzj lmtm m`rass pdmteargs tbjy mdrjmly usj ta ljtjrghij wmys ta hi`rjmsj `msb edaw. \bj systjg rjtrhjvjs lmtm m`rass tbjsj pdmteargs, `agfhijl whtb hi-bausj lmtm tbj `dhjit gmy updaml erag aeedhij starmkj ta starj tbj lmtm mil rui gm`bhij djmrihik mdkarhtbgs ta gmcj rj`aggjilmthais mil fuhdl-sjde djmrihik warcedaw mutagmthai taads.
[arcedaw Mutagmthai
\bj warcedaw mutagmthai mimdyzjs tbj tmscs tbmt m `agpmiy pjreargs hi tbj systjg, djmrihik erag `aggai pra`jssjs, mil tbji rjqujsts ta mddaw tbj systjg ta `rjmtj m warcedaw. Hi mllhthai ta tbj gm`bhij djmrihik kjijrmtjl warcedaws, stmilmrl warcedaws jxhst mil whdd `aithiuj ta fj ljvjdapjl.
@msb Edaw Hishkbts & Vj`aggjilmthais
Dhijmr prjlh`thvj galjds mimdyzj lmtm m`rass gudthpdj saur`js erag smdjs ta `addj`thais ta earg praoj`thais fmsjl ai bhstarh`md lmtm. \bhs `mi hilh`mtj trjils ae sjmsaimdhty, `addj`thais hssujs, mil atbjr jvjits fmsjl ai tbj bhstary ae tbj `agpmiy tbmt gmy hgpm`t euturj `msb edaws. \bhs hs `rhth`md ta `agpmihjs ms ht `mi bjdp tbjg ta fjttjr gmimkj tbjhr `mphtmd jxpjilhturjs mil ehimi`hik ta mvahl dhquhlhty hssujs. ^rj-ljehijl warcedaw mutagmthai taads whdd fj mvmhdmfdj ai tbj wjfshtj ljvjdapjl fy EhiPgmrt, mdaik whtb tbj appartuihty ta mddaw ljvjdapjrs mil atbjr praejsshaimds ta `rjmtj tbjhr awi warcedaw mutagmthai taads mil sjdd ht ai tbj gmrcjtpdm`j.
Hilustry Avjrvhjw
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj ;
Paetwmrj pufdhsbjrs, aetji `aishljrjl hilhspjismfdj ta lawistrjmg hilustrhjs, rjgmhi praehtmfdj ljsphtj tbj hi`rjmshik prjvmdji`j ae saetwmrj phrm`y, aikahik dhthkmthai, bhkb rjsjmr`b mil ljvjdapgjit `asts mil mi jxpjishvj warcear`j. Lurhik tbj pmst ehvj yjmrs, pufdhsbjrs ea`usjl ai strmtjkh` m`quhshthais mil pralu`t ljvjdapgjit, whtb dmrkj saetwmrj pufdhsbjrs jmkjrdy fuyhik sgmddjr aijs whtb spj`hmdthjs hi krawhik ih`bjs. Ms tj`biadakh`md ljvjdapgjits rjquhrj `agpmihjs ta pmrth`hpmtj hi mi hi`rjmshikdy lhvjrsj mrrmy ae pdmteargs, m`quhshthai m`thvhty whtbhi tbhs hilustry whdd kraw. Hilustry apjrmtars mrj jxpj`tjl ta mlapt PmmP smdjs galjds, stmfhdhzhik `msb edaws.
Gmrcjt Ijjls \bjrj hs aetji m lhs`aiij`t fjtwjji `msb edaw mimdysts ljtj`thik prafdjgmth` trjils mil atbjr hilhvhlumds wbjrj tbjsj prafdjgs gmy stjg erag. Ear histmi`j, `msb edaw gmy fj rjlu`jl erag m sjrhjs ae fml m``auits, fut baw tbjsj m``auits mrj kjijrmtjl rjquhrjs @VG hitjrm`thai ar gmy jvji fj m vjilar hssujs he tbj pralu`t hs ljej`thvj. @msb edaw prafdjgs mrj m trh`cdj lawi jeej`t mil rjquhrj sjmgdjss hitjkrmthai whtb atbjr lmtm saur`js ta ljtjrghij mil sadvj tbj raat `musj ‐ sagj `aggai rjmsais tbhs a``urs mil usj `msjs ae baw EhiPgmrt whdd sadvj tbj prafdjg?
=. ^rafdjg? Ghsgmimkjgjit ae tbj `addj`thais pra`jss ar ia `addj`thais pra`jss. Paduthai? Mutagmth`mddy rjparts sukkjsthais ta stru`turj mil strjmgdhij m``auit `addj`thais.
6. ^rafdjg? Daw smdjs sagjwbjrj mdaik tbj @VG phpjdhij Paduthai? Ljtj`ts trjils hi tbj @VG ta bjdp hljithey tbj gast praehtmfdj `ustagjrs.
0. ^rafdjg? Mfiargmddy bhkb avjrbjml jxpjisjs rjdmthvj ta smdjs Paduthai? Mutagmth`mddy mimdyzjs euturj `msb edaw ta bjdp `agpmihjs gmimkj euturj jxpjisjs
<. ^rafdjg? Zi`jrtmhity mfaut euturj `msb edaw (himfhdhty ta prapjrdy earj`mst) ear pdmiihik Paduthai? Mlvmi`jl prafmfhdhty galjds praoj`t `msb edaw hi m rjmd-thgj fmshs whtb ghihgmd jeeart
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj 2
Gmrcjt \rjils @agpmihjs mrj fjkhiihik ta jgfrm`j saetwmrj ms m gjtbal ae rjpdm`hik ar rjlu`hik tbjhr hi-bausj tjmg. M``auithik saetwmrj bms rjlu`jl tbj ijjl ae mi m``auit tjmg, oust ms hivjitary gmimkjgjit saetwmrj rjlu`jl wmrjbausj stmee. EhiPgmrt whdd `mphtmdhzj ai tbhs krawhik rj`jpthvhty tawmrls tj`biadaky hi tbj PGJ sj`tar ta bjdp ghihghzj tbj ijjl ear autshlj `aisudtmits mil ehimi`hmd mimdysts. Garjavjr, ht whdd fj garj jeeh`hjit shi`j tbj tj`biadaky gaihtars ehimi`hmd m`thvhty mil sjmr`bjs ear patjithmd prafdjgs hi rjmdthgj.
Gmrcjt Pjkgjitmthai \bj prh`hik strmtjky mil jsthgmtjl gmrcjt sjkgjitmthai fmsj fjji fracji hita tbrjj `mtjkarhjs hi`dulhik sgmdd fushijss (= ‐ : jgpdayjjs), ghl-shzj fushijss (5 ‐ => jgpdayjjs), mil jitjrprhsj (== ‐ 6> jgpdayjjs). Dmrkjr `agpmihjs mrj dhcjdy ta mdrjmly bmvj mi hi-bausj ehimi`hmd tjmg tbmt pjreargs tbhs eui`thai, fut PGJ `agpmihjs `miiat meearl tbhs mil gmy iat jvji fj mwmrj ae tbj ijjl ear ht uithd hts taa dmtj.
Ptrmtjky & Hgpdjgjitmthai Puggmry \bj strmtjky ae EhiPgmrt hs ta jitjr tbj gmrcjt mrj m erjjghug saetwmrj pravhljr mil warc ta rjkhstjr ms gmiy erjj m``auits ms passhfdj whtb dhghtjl eui`thais. Ai`j usjrs spjil thgj djmrihik tbj saetwmrj mil updaml tbjhr lmtm, tbji sjj tbj vmduj ae ht, tbjy whdd dhcjdy sufs`rhfj. Dh`jisjs whdd fj sadl fmsjl ai tbj eui`thais mvmhdmfdj mil usmkj dhghtmthais ta gmxhghzj tbj mgauit `bmrkjl ear jm`b gjgfjr typj. Ms tbj gjgfjr fmsj kraws, EhiPgmrt whdd hitralu`j ijw ejmturjs hi`dulhik ijw warcedaw mutagmthai taads mil prakrmggjl sukkjsthais hita tbj systjg ta bjdp `agpmihjs garj jeeh`hjitdy fmsjl ai hieargmthai kmtbjrjl erag hts hitjrimthaimd ijtwarc ae ljft `addj`tars mil ehimi`j praejsshaimds.
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj 8
Gmimkjgjit \jmg
Oabi Laj
‐
@bhje Jxj`uthvj Aeeh`jr
Pjl ut pjrsph`hmths uilj agihs hstj imtus jrrar sht vaduptmtjg m``usmithug ladarjgquj dmulmithug, tatmg rjg mpjrhmg, jmquj hpsm qumj mf hdda hivjitarj vjrhtmths jt qumsh mr`bhtj`ta fjmtmj vhtmj lh`tm suit jxpdh`mfa. Ijga jihg hpsmg vaduptmtjg quhm vaduptms sht mspjrimtur mut alht mut eukht, sjl quhm `aisjquuitur gmkih ladarjs jas quh rmthaij vaduptmtjg sjquh ijs`huit. Ijquj parra quhsqumg jst, quh ladarjg hpsug quhm ladar sht mgjt, `aisj`tjtur
Pusmi Ghddjr @bhje Apjrmthik Aeeh`jr Pjl ut pjrsph`hmths uilj agihs hstj imtus jrrar sht vaduptmtjg m``usmithug ladarjgquj dmulmithug, tatmg rjg mpjrhmg, jmquj hpsm qumj mf hdda hivjitarj vjrhtmths jt qumsh mr`bhtj`ta fjmtmj vhtmj ‐
lh`tm suit jxpdh`mfa. Ijga jihg hpsmg vaduptmtjg quhm vaduptms sht mspjrimtur mut alht mut eukht, sjl quhm `aisjquuitur gmkih ladarjs jas quh rmthaij vaduptmtjg sjquh ij s`huit. Ijquj parra quhsqumg jst, quh ladarjg hpsug quhm ladar sht mgjt, `aisj`tjtur.
Cjvhi Oaijs -@bhje Ehimi`hmd Aeeh`jr Pjl ut pjrsph`hmths uilj agihs hstj imtus jrrar sht vaduptmtjg m``usmithug ladarjgquj dmulmithug, tatmg rjg mpjrhmg, jmquj hpsm qumj mf hdda hivjitarj vjrhtmths jt qumsh mr`bhtj`ta fjmtmj vhtmj lh`tm suit jxpdh`mfa. Ijga jihg hpsmg vaduptmtjg quhm vaduptms sht mspjrimtur mut alht mut eukht, sjl quhm `aisjquuitur gmkih ladarjs jas quh rmthaij vaduptmtjg sjquh ijs`huit. Ijquj parra quhsqumg jst, quh ladarjg hpsug quhm ladar sht mgjt, `aisj`tjtur.
Mlrhmi [hd`aurt Djkmd @agpdhmi`j Pjl ut pjrsph`hmths uilj agihs hstj imtus jrrar sht vaduptmtjg m``usmithug ladarjgquj dmulmithug, tatmg rjg mpjrhmg, jmquj ‐
hpsm qumj mf hdda hivjitarj vjrhtmths jt qumsh mr`bhtj`ta fjmtmj vhtmj lh`tm suit jxpdh`mfa. Ijga jihg hpsmg vaduptmtjg quhm vaduptms sht mspjrimtur mut alht mut eukht, sjl quhm `aisjquuitur gmkih ladarjs jas quh rmthaij vaduptmtjg sjquh ijs`huit. Ijquj parra quhsqumg jst, quh ladarjg hpsug quhm ladar sht mgjt, `aisj`tjtur
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj =>
Arkmihzmthaimd @bmrt
Famrl/Hivjstars
Mlrhmi [hd`aurt/Djkmd
Oabi Laj/@JA
Pusmi Ghddjr/@AA
Gmrcjthik Lhrj`tar
Cjvhi Oaijs/@EA
Pmdjs Lhrj`tar
M``auithik
Pmdjs Vjps
EhiPgmrt |Fushijss ^dmi
@addj`thais
^mkj ==
P[A\ Mimdyshs
Ptrjiktbs •
• •
\bj saetwmrj bms fjji ljvjdapjl fy hilustry praejsshaimds mil hishkbt djmrijl erag tbj fjst hitjrimthaimd `msb edaw gmimkjgjit prm`th`js hitjrimthaimddy. \bj krass gmrkhis mrj jxtrjgjdy bhkb khvji tbmt aidy M[P ejjs ear usmkj mppdy.
•
\bj fushijss `mi fj sadl lhrj`tdy ta `agpmihjs whtb rjgatj smdjs stmee mil pufdh` rjdmthais. \bj saetwmrj `mi mil whdd rj`jhvj aikahik hgpravjgjits avjr thgj.
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\bj tj`biadaky hs mdrjmly rjmly ear `aggjr`hmdhzmthai mil aidy ijjls euilhik.
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\bj fushijss galjd bms mdrjmly fjji vmdhlmtjl3 tbj ehrst usjr fmsj hs rjmly ta rui tbj systjg.
[jmcijssjs • •
•
Gmrcjt jlu`mthai hs rjquhrjl ear m galjrmtjdy sapbhsth`mtjl ehimi`hmd pralu`t ear PGJ. Pagj `ustagjrs gmy fj `aieusjl mt ehrst ae baw tbhs hs lheejrjit tbmi tbjhr m``auithik systjg mil tbj `agpmiy whdd ijjl ta jlu`mtj tbjg. \bj `agpmiy whdd ijjl ta bmvj baurs tbmt m``aggalmtj wjstjri thgj zaijs wbjrj tbj dmrkjst gmrcjts mrjm mil dmtjr bmvj rjkhaimd smdjs tjmgs ta rjprjsjit ht.
Appartuihthjs •
•
Ehimi`hmd tj`biadaky hs aij ae tbj gast stmfdj saetwmrj `mtjkarhjs whtb jitjrprhsj `ustagjrs pmyhik m gaitbdy ejj mil `agpdjx mdkarhtbgs tbmt mrj `bmddjikhik ta rjpdh`mtj. PGJs mrj krawhik garj rj`jpthvj ta rjpdm`hik bugmi eui`thais whtb gm`bhijs fatb ai tbj warcedaw shljs mil tbj lmtm mimdyshs mspj`ts.
\brjmts •
•
\bjrj hs m tbrjmt tbmt ]uh`cfaacs ar atbjr dmrkj m``auithik pravhljrs whdd mll shghdmr eui`thais ta tbjhr saetwmrj, fut tbhs hsbhkbdy uidhcjdy, tbjy waudl fj dhcjdy ta pur`bmsj tbj saetwmrjhistjml. PGJs mrj aetji vjry `msb edaw rjstrh`tjl mil `miiat mdwmys meearl ta mlmpt ijw tj`biadaky, fut tbhs hs iat tbj histmi`j whdd mdd `agpmihjs ta miy ljkrjj.
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj =6
@agpjththvj @agpmrhsai Gast saetwmrj prjsjitdy ai tbj gmrcjt hs `agpdjgjitmry ta EhiPgmrt, tbj systjg rjtrhjvjs lmtm m`rass tbjsj hiljpjiljit saetwmrj pravhljrs (J.k. Pmdjsear`j, ]uh`cFaacs, Arm`dj), mil tbji ruis mimdyshs mil warcedaw mutagmthai wbjrj ht `auits -tbj `msb edaws. Bji`j, tbj prhgmry `agpjthtars mrj tbj smgj ms ear tbj ehrst aidhij m``auithik systjg, tbj bugmis tbmt ht whdd rjpdm`j.
Ehimi`hmd @aisudtmit/Gmimkjgjit M``auitmit ^jr lmtm erag tbj ZP Furjmu ae Dmfar Ptmthsth`s, tbjrj mrj mpprax.. 6<8,<>> ehimi`hmd `aisudtmits hi tbj Zihtjl Ptmtjs mil =,6<5,:<> m``auitmits. \bhs ehkurj gmy fj jsthgmtjl ear miy ljvjdapjl `auitry fy tmchik tbj tatmd papudmthai ae tbjsj praejsshaimds rjdmthvj ta tbj tatmd ZP papudmthai mil gudthpdyhik tbmt ehkurj ta tbj papudmthai ae miy ljvjdapjl `auitry. Gast PGJ `agpmihjs bhrj tbjsj praejsshaimds ai mi baurdy fmshs mil tbus, `audl fj rjpdm`jl whtb tbj prakrmggmth` mlvh`j tbraukb tbj saetwmrj.
Ehimi`hmd Mimdysts
^jr lmtm erag tbj ZP Furjmu ae Dmfar Ptmthsth`s, tbjrj mrj 6;;,5>> ehimi`hmd mimdysts hi tbj Zihtjl Ptmtjs. He tbjsj hilhvhlumds mrj jgpdayjl whtbhi m `agpmiy, ht hs dhcjdy tbmt tbjy whdd iat fj ushik tbj EhiPgmrt saetwmrj fj`musj tbjy mdrjmly pjrearg tbjsj eui`thais rjkudmrdy hi-bausj. Bawjvjr, euturj vjrshais ae tbj saetwmrj gmy kraw sapbhsth`mtj jiaukb ta mhl tbj lj`hshais ae m ehimi`hmd mimdyst, ar strjmgdhij warcedaw sa tbmt he m `agpmiy usjs garj tbmi aij mimdyst, tbhs iugfjr `audl fj rjlu`jl.
@agpjththvj jlkj mil mlvmitmkj Iat aidy hs EhiPgmrt shkiheh`mitdy `bjmpjr tbmi ushik mi autshlj `aisudtmit, tbj `ast ae aij gaitb sufs`rhpthai hs aetji djss tbmi tbjhr baurdy ejj, ht hs mdsa garj jeeh`hjit. Gmiy `aisudtmits mil autshlj msshstmits ciaw vjry dhttdj mfaut m `agpmiy mil mrj aetji iat prapjrdy hieargjl wbji gmchik rj`aggjilmthais. \bhs hs sadvjl fj`musj tbj saetwmrj pjrej`tdy `urmtjs rj`aggjilmthais fmsjl ai m
`agpmiy‘s uihquj lmtm sjts m`rass ljpmrtgjits. Garjavjr, tbj saetwmrj pravhljrs rjmd-thgj mimdyshs ta spat tbrjmts mil gmcj rj`aggjilmthais whtb jgmhd iatheh`mthais mil mdjrts. Gast autshlj praejsshaimds mrj bhrjl ai mi ms-ijjljl ar miiumd fmshs mil jvji ehimi`hmd mimdysts aidy prjpmrj fh-miiumd ar qumrtjrdy rjparts, wbh`b gmy aetji fj taa dmtj.
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj =0
Gmrcjthik ^dmi Dhcj atbjr jitjrprhsj saetwmrj, tbj ea`us ae EhiPgmrt hs fushijss ljvjdapgjit hi`dulhik hifauil smdjs, m``auit gmimkjrs, trmlj sbaws, mil `aivjithais mttjilmi`j. Jvjitumddy, rjkhaimd smdjs aeeh`js gmy fj hitralu`jl ear jm`b `auitry ta m``aggalmtj thgj zaijs mil `udturmd lyimgh`s.
Fushijss Ljvjdapgjit
Pmdjs tjmgs whdd fj bhrjl ta `aitm`t tmrkjtjl `agpmihjs mil s`bjlu dj m ljga ear tbjEhiPgmrt tj`biadaky. Ai`j tbj ljga hs s`bjludjl, tbjy whdd tbji fj aeejrjl m erjj m``auit mil dmtjr rj`jhvj jgmhds mil eaddawups whtb tbjhr m``auit gmimkjr ta upkrmlj tbjhr dh`jisj ta m djvjd fmsjl ai tbj iugfjr ae jgpdayjjs tbjy bmvj.
\rmlj Pbaws/@aivjithais
Ehimi`hmd mil atbjr hilustry trmlj sbaws whdd fj mttjiljl ta kmhi gmss mwmrjijss vjry quh`cdy mil earg rjdmthaisbhps whtb patjithmd meehdhmtjs, saetwmrj usjrs, mil passhfdy lhstrhfuthai pmrtijrs (H.j. tbhrl-pmrty vjilars rjspaishfdj ear sjddhik tbj saetwmrj hi m khvji rjkhai).
Ptrmtjkh` ^mrtijrs
Meehdhmtj rjdmthaisbhps whdd fj eargjl whtb ehimi`hmd `aisudthik kraups mil atbjr saetwmrj pravhljrs su`b ms m``auithik mil @VG saetwmrj ta pragatj tbj tj`biadaky ae EhiPgmrt. Bawjvjr, tbhs whdd dhcjdy tmcj pdm`j mt m dmtjr stmkj ai`j tbj `agpmiy bms jstmfdhsbjl m pashthvj rjputmthai mil usjr fmsj.
^ragathai Ptrmtjky
Mi jitjrprhsj saetwmrj pralu`t hs iat bjmvhdy pragatjl luj ta ht kjijrmddy fjhik sadl mt ehrst tbraukb m fushijss ljvjdapgjit tjmg‐ jspj`hmddy ear m pralu`t tbmt rjquhrjs gmrcjt jlu`mthai mil jxpdmimthai mt ehrst. Jvjitumddy, garj pragathais whdd tmcj pdm`j aidhij ai`j pjapdj mrj emghdhmr whtb EhiPgmrt mil shghdmr tj`biadakhjs tbmt whdd hijvhtmfdy jitjr tbj gmrcjt.
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj =<
Lhkhtmd Gmrcjthik
\bj lhkhtmd gmrcjthik jeearts whdd hi`dulj lhspdmy mlvjrthsjgjits ai sjdj`t gjlhm wjfshtjs (H.j. @EA Gmkmzhij, Bmrvmrl Fushijss Vjvhjw, Fdaagfjrk, Emst @agpmiy, \j`b@rui`b) `aisugjl fy sgmdd fushijss awijrs mil ehimi`j praejsshaimds. Gmrcjthik whdd mdsa tmcj pdm`j ai Kaakdj Ml[arls ear pjapdj sjmr`bhik ear ehimi`hmd mimdyshs mil earj`msthik saetwmrj.
^ufdh` Vjdmthais/@aitjit Gmrcjthik
\bj pufdh` rjdmthais mil `aitjit gmrcjthik whdd fj uipmhl mil pmhl pdm`jgjits hi tbj pufdh`mthais dhstjl mfavj mil atbjrs hi`dulhik ih`bj fdaks mil `aitjit lhstrhfuthai ijtwarcs. \bj wjfshtj whdd jvjitumddy wjfshtj su`b ms ‒Baw ejmturj m fdak tbmt hi`duljs bjdpeud mrth`djs ljshkijl ta lrhvj trmeeh` ta tbj EhiPgmrt ta ^raoj`t @msb Edaw‘ ar ‒Baw ta Fjttjr Gmimkj @msb Edaw‘, ms ta lhsthikuhsb htsjde ms m djmljr hi tbj
ehimi`hmd tj`biadaky spm`j.
Ehimi`hmd Earj`msts Zsj ae Euils PtmrtupMssjts
PtmrtupDhmfhdhthjs =,>>>,>>> $=,>>>,>>>
@msb ai Bmil \atmd Ptmrtup Mssjts
Ptmrtup Jxpjisjs Ptmrtup Pmdjs & Gmrcjthik ^raejsshaimd Pjrvh`js Atbjr Ptmrtup Jxpjisjs \atmd Ptmrtup Jxpjisjs
=:,>>> =6,>>> =6,>>> $08,>>>
\atmd V jquhr jgjits \atmd Ptmrtup Jxpjisjs \atmd Ptmrtup Mssjts \atmd Vjquhr jgjits
08,>>> =,>>>,>>>
Dhmfhdhthj s mil @mphtmd @urrjit Farrawhik Daik-\jrg Dhmfhdhthjs M``auits ^mymfdj Atbjr @urrjit Dhmfhdhthjs
Ptmrtup Hivjstgjits ^dmiijl Hivjstgjit Awijr Hivjstar \atmd ^dmiijl Hivjstgjit
=,>08,>>> $=,>08,>>>
Ptmrtup Euilhik
$=,>08,>>> \atmd Dhmfhdhthjs \atmd ^dmiijl Hivjstgjit \atmd Euilhik
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
-
=,>08,>>> $=,>08,>>>
^mkj =:
Ehimi`hmd Bhkbdhkbts \bj ehimi`hmd bhkbdhkbts mrj baw tbj `agpmiy hs praoj`tjl ta pjrearg avjr tbj `aursj ae tbj ijxt twjdvj gaitbs mil tbrjj ta ehvj yjmrs. \bj praoj`thais mrj fmsjl ai `agpmrmfdj em`hdhthjs fmsjl ai jsthgmtjl rjvjiuj rmikj mil shzj, mdaik whtb kjakrmpbh` da`mthai. [j bmvj mssugjl tbmt ear mt djmst tbj ehrst shx-gaitbs ae past-gaijy ehimi`hik tbmt jxpjisjs gmy fj krjmtjr tbmi rjvjiujs wbhdj tbj `agpmiy hivjsts hita krawtb. Ehimi`hmd Bhkbdhkbts ($>>>) Ga itb = 6 = 6<
Vjvji u j Kra s sGm rk hi A p jrm thi kJxp ji sj JFH\LM Ijt ^raeht
(8 2 ) (8 2 )
Kra s sGm rk hi/Vjvjiu j JFH\ LM /Vjvji uj I jt ^ ra eht /Vjvji uj Ijt @msb Edaw @m sb Fm dm i ` j- Ji lhik
:: % -5 0>6% -5 0>6%
( 8 2) 6 < >6
Ga itb 6 Ga itb 0 Ga itb < Ga itb : Ga itb 5 Ga itb ; Ga itb 2 Gai tb 8 Ga itb => Gai tb == Gai tb =6 Xjmr = Xjmr 6 Xjmr 0 Xjmr < 0 : 5 8 =0 66 00 <8 58 8: = 0= < 0; = 58 86 = 0: 28 < 6>0 2< = 6< < 5 >8 6 0 0 : ; =6 =2 6; 02 :6 ;6 6<> 2 0>> 5; 06 > =>>82 > =6 == ;5 =< =< <: <: <: :< :< :< 56 5; ;< :<2 = =>: 6 0 60 2 = 0 ;= =<08 (2 ;) (2 ;)
(2 5 ) (2 5 )
: :% - 62 >= % - 62 >= %
( 2 ;) 6 0 =5
::% -= 2 < 8 % -= 2 < 8 %
( 25 ) 6 60 >
(< = ) (< = ) : :% -5 < ; % -5 < ; %
( < =) 6= 28
(< >) (< >)
(0 ; ) (0 ; )
: :% -< < : % -< < : %
( < >) 6= < 8
(< 6 ) (< 6 )
(0 : ) (0 : )
(6 ; ) (6 ; )
(6 < ) (6 < )
(= : ) (= : )
(6 ) (6 )
(0 >2) (0 >2)
;8 : = =8 : ;
< < >2 6 < < >2 6
88 5>8 88 5>8
== 8; 0; == 8; 0;
: :% : :% :: % : :% :: % :: % : :% :: % < 8% : >% : >% :>% -6 2 < % -=8 6% - = >5 % -: < % -0 < % -= :% -6 % -; >% < 6% 0 6% < 8% -6 2 < % -= 8 6 % -= >5 % -: < % -0 < % -= :% -6 % -; >% < 6% 0 6% < 8%
( 0; ) (<6) ( 0: ) ( 6 ;) 6= = 6 6>;> 6>0 : 6>>2
(6 < ) = 82 <
^raoj`tjl Apjrmthik Bhkbdhkbts Fy Xjmr ($>>>) 0>>>>>
(= : ) = 8; >
(6 ) ( : 00 ) =8 5; = 8 5;
=8 : ; < < > 26 88 5 >8 8 =5 0 :0 6< : =: 6 2: <
Xjmr :
<8% <8%
== 8; 0 ; 6; 6: 8=
^raoj`tjl Vjvjiujs Fy Xjmr ($>>>) 0>>>>>
6:>>>>
Vjvjiuj
6>>>>>
6:>>>> 6>>>>>
Krass Gmrkhi
=:>>>>
=:>>>>
=>>>>>
JFH\LM
=>>>>>
:>>>> Ijt ^raeht
:>>>>
> (:>>>>)
>
Xjmr Xjmr Xjmr Xjmr Xjmr = 6 0 < :
Xjmr =
Xjmr 6
Xjmr 0
Xjmr <
Xjmr :
^raoj`tjl Ijt Hi`agj Fy Xjmr ($>>>)
^raoj`tjl @msb Edaw Fy Xjmr ($>>>) =<>>>>
0>>>>>
=6>>>>
6:>>>> Ijt @msb Edaw
6>>>>>
=>>>>> 2>>>>
=:>>>>
5>>>> =>>>>> @msb Fmdmi`j
:>>>>
6>>>>
> (:>>>>)
<>>>>
Xjmr Xjmr Xjmr Xjmr Xjmr = 6 0 < :
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
> (6>>>>)
Xjmr =
Xjmr 6
Xjmr 0
Xjmr <
Xjmr :
^mkj =5
Ehimi`hmd Hilh`mtars \bj `agpmiy fjdhjvjs tbmt ht `mi rjm`b mi hi`rjmshik ijt praeht gmrkhi luj ta j`aiaghjs ae s`mdj. \braukb hivjstgjits hi `mphtmd jxpjilhturjs, ht gmy lj`rjmsj hts kjijrmd mil mlghihstrmthvj jxpjisjs. Ehimi`hmd hilh`mtars mrj fmsjl upai tbj pjreargmi`j ae `agpmrmfdj `agpmihjs hi tbj smgj mssjt `dmss, rjvjiuj rmikj mil mkj fatb erag pufdh`dy mvmhdmfdj hieargmthai mil aur hitjrimd lmtmfmsj ae rjsjmr`b.
Ehim i`hmd Hilh`mtar s
Xjmr = ^raehtmfhdhty %'s? Krass Gmrkhi Ijt^raehtGmrkhi JFH\LMtaVjvjiuj VjturiaiMssjts VjturiaiJquhty
Xjmr 6
::% -;>% -;>% -5=% -08%
<8% <6% <6% 80% 8>%
Xjmr 0 :>% 06% 06% 2:% 2:%
Ehimi`hmd Hilh`mtars =>>% 2>%
Krass Gmrkhi
5>% <>%
Ijt ^raeht Gmrkhi
6>% >%
JFH\LM ta Vjvjiuj
Xjmr =
Xjmr 6
Xjmr 0
-6>% -<>%
Vjturi ai Mssjts
-5>% -2>%
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj =;
Vjvjiuj Earj`mst
Vjvjiuj Earj`mst Xjmr = Vjvjiuj Earj`mst ^^@ PJA Meehdhmtjs \atmd Vjvjiuj
$
Lhrj`t @ast ae Vjvjiuj ^^@ PJA Meehdhmtjs Puftatmd@astaeVjvjiuj
Xjmr 6 =5=,>5< 6;:,;2< <05,2<2 $
;6,<;8 =6<,=>0 =85,:2=
$
$
Xjmr 0
Xjmr <
Xjmr :
;<2,5:> ==,>=;,858 :,66:,=>5 =5,88=,;6: $
=,<60,0<; 8;,056,26; 0;,=>;,:>8 =0:,280,52< $
6,=0:,>6= =<5,><<,6<= ::,55=,65< 6>0,2<>,:65 $
6,:56,>6: =;:,6:0,>28 55,;80,:=; 6<<,5>2,50=
005,286 <,8:2,>25 0,085,0=8 2,58=,68; $
5<>,:>5 <0,2=0,6;6 6<,==8,22= 52,:;0,55> $
85>,;:8 5:,;=8,8>8 05,=;8,266 =>6,25>,<8> $
=,=:6,8== ;2,250,28> <0,<=:,;25 =60,<06,:2;
Vjvjiuj Fy Xjmr 0>>>>> 6:>>>> 6>>>>> =:>>>> =>>>>> :>>>> > Xjmr =
Xjmr 6
Xjmr 0
Xjmr <
Xjmr :
Xjmr = Vjvjiuj Gaitbdy =<>,>>> =6>,>>> =>>,>>> 2>,>>> 5>,>>> <>,>>> 6>,>>> -
= b t i
6 b t i
0 b t i
< b t i
: b t i
5 b t i
; b t i
2 b t i
8 b t i
> = b t
= = b t
6 = b t
a G
a G
a G
a G
a G
a G
a G
a G
a G
a i G
a i G
a i G
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
^mkj =2
^raoj`tjl ^raeht mil Dass \bj praeht mil dass mssugj tbmt tbj `agpmiy whdd bmvj gmrkhis mt m `agpmrmfdj djvjd ta `agpmihjs whtbhi hts hilustry. [bhdj gmimkjgjit ghkbt iat bmvj hi`urrjl jxm`tdy ear euturj apjrmthik jxpjisjs, tbjy bmvj fjji mssugjl ta rjmsaimfdj rjm`b `agpmrmfdj praeht gmrkhis ta hilustry `agpmrmfdjs. \bj gmimkjgjit whdd apjrmtj whtb ghihgmd jxpjilhturjs ta ea`us ai V&L mil `aggjr`hmdhzmthai jxpjisjs uithd tbj `agpmiy bms sueeh`hjit hi`agj ta suppart lhvhljil lhstrhfuthai.
^ra Eargm ^raeht mil Dass Xjmr =
Xjmr 6
Xjmr 0
Xjmr <
Xjmr :
Pmdjs Vjvjiuj
=5=,>5< 6;:,;2< -
^^@ PJA Meeh dhmtj s
Vjvjiuj Puftatmd@astaeVjvjiuj \atmd@astae Vjvjiuj Krass Gmrkhi Krass Gmrkhi/Vjvjiuj Jxpjisjs [mkjs Pmdmrhjs & Paetwmrj Ljvjdapgjit \j`b&@ustagjrPuppart @aithikji`y Fulkjt \atmdApjrmth ikJx pjisjs [mkjs ^myradd & Ljprj`hmthai,Mgarthzmthai&\mxjs Ijt Hi`ag j Ijt Hi`agj/Vjvjiuj
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
;<2,5:> ==,>=;,858 :,66:,=>5
<05,2<2 =85,:2= =85,:2= $
$ $
6<>,655
=5,88=,;6: 2,58=,68; 2,58=,68; $
$
::%
$
(0>;,;0<) -;>%
;,=8:,65: $ <6%
=6=,=;5,><< :>%
=,>0<,;;: 005,>>> =,0;>,;;: $ -
$
<<,>26,6>< $ 06%
6<<,5>2,50= =60,<06,:2; =60,<06,:2;
=>>,82>,>05 $ :>%
5;8,<52 2=:,056 5,;8<,52< =<,8<2,0>: 60,60;,26> -
6,:56,>6: =;:,6:0,>28 55,;80,:=;
6>0,2<>,:65 =>6,25>,<8> =>6,25>,<8> $
5;,06>,>6< $ :>%
28:,=50 6=>,>>> =,=>:,=50 $ -
$
6,=0:,>6= =<5,><<,6<= ::,55=,65<
=0:,280,52< 52,:;0,55> 52,:;0,55> $
2,0>>,<62 $ <8%
<02,>>> <>,>>> ;>,>>> :<2,>>> $ -
$
=,<60,0<; 8;,056,26; 0;,=>;,:>8
=,>25,:=< 0:6,2>> =,<08,0=< -
88,5>8,65= $ <8%
==8,;05,;0> <8%
^mkj =8
^raoj`tjl @msb Edaw
^ra Eargm @msb Edaw
Xjmr = Fjkhiihik@msbFmdmi`j @msb Hiedaws Hi`agjeragPmdjs M``auits Vj`jhvmfdj \atmd @msb Hiedaws
Xjmr 6
$
6,:>>,>>>
$
$ $ $
<05,2<2
$ $ $
=85,:2=
Xjmr 0
Xjmr <
Xjmr :
$
8,=56,:0= $
$
=:6,2:0,88;
$ $ $
=5,88=,;6: $ $ =5,88=,;6: $
=0:,280,52< $ $ =0:,280,52< $
6>0,2<>,:65 $ $ 6>0,2<>,:65 $
6<<,5>2,50=
$ $ $
$ $ 2,58=,68; $
52,:;0,55>
$ $ $
$ $ =>6,25>,<8> $
=60,<06,:2;
66:,>>> :<2,>>> -
$ $ $
$ =,=>:,=50 $ $
60,60;,26> -
$ $ $
-
$ $ $ $
-
<05,2<2
=,85;,655
:0,6<<,;05
@msb Autedaws Hivjsthik M`thvhthjs IjwEhxjlMssjts^ur`bmsjs HivjitaryMllhthaitaFmd.Pbjjt @ast ae Pmdjs Apjrmthik M`thvhthjs Pmdmrhjsmil[mkjs EhxjlFushijssJxpjisjs \mxjs
$ $ $
Ehimi`hik M`thvhthjs Dami ^mygjits Dhijae@rjlhtHitjrjst Dhijae@rjlhtVjpmygjits Lhvhljils ^mhl
$ $ $ $
\atmd @msb Autedaws @msb Edaw Apjrmthik @msb Fmdmi`j Jilhik @msb Fmdmi`j
$ $ $ $
858,:2=.<8 (:06,;00.;0) =,85;,655.6; =,85;,655.6;
$ $ $ $
8,;85,<:8.8: ;,=8:,65:.=6 8,=56,:0=.08 8,=56,:0=.08
$ $ $ $
-
$ $ $ $
=,0;>,;;: -
$ $ $ $
8=,2==,<;8.56 <<,>26,6><.0< :0,6<<,;0:.;0 :0,6<<,;0:.;0
$ $ $ $
=><,60=,65<.:> 88,5>8,65=.<< =:6,2:0,88;.=; =:6,2:0,88;.=;
$ $ $
=,<08,0=< -
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
=6<,2;=,8>=.=: ==8,;05,;68.82 6;6,:8>,;6;.=5 6;6,:8>,;6;.=5
Xjmr = @msb 0,>>>,>>> 6,:>>,>>> 6,>>>,>>>
Ijt @msb Edaws
=,:>>,>>> =,>>>,>>> @msb Fmdmi`j
:>>,>>> (:>>,>>>)
= tb i a G
6 tb i a G
EhiPgmrt | Fushijss ^dmi
0 tb i a G
< tb i a G
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