Small and Medium Scale Lng Terminals Wartsila

POWER UP ON CLEAN AND AFFORDABLE GAS GAS

Small- and medium-scale LNG terminals

A BANKABLE PROJECT WITH A COMPLETE VALUE VAL UE CHAIN

SOLUTIONS ADAPTED TO TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF SMALL-SCALE LNG

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The global trend Natural gas is today one of th e world’s most needed feedstocks as well as an i mportant energy source. Global consumption continues to increase significantly. The replacement of liquid fossil fuels, such as heavy fuel oil, marine diesel oil and diesel, contributes positively to the environment, with emissions of NO X , SO X , and particulates being almost entirely eliminated and CO 2 emissions being







Th e gro wt h of liqu li qu efied ef ied natu na tu ral gas ga s (L NG) NG ) cons co ns umpt um pt ion io n is

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driven by: z

Environmental requirements on emission reduction - LNG for feedstoc feedstock. k. Natural Natural gas is used as feedstoc feedstock k for about half of the commercial hydrogen production in the world and it is currently the cheapest source of hydrogen. The heavier feedstocks, like coal and oil, are more complex to process; therefore, the capital costs are higher compared to natural gas. - Rapid growth of renewables renewables in the power generation mix increases the demand for gas fuelled power plants to balance the load. Fuel for marine vessels. As at the end end of 2015, there

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Avai Av ai la bi li ty of su bs id ie s in th e EU an d Ch in a fo r LNG infrastructure projects Energy demand - A need for lower energy energy costs in power generation and energy intensive industries. - Energy Energy security security consider consideration ations. s. - A need for decentralized decentralized power generation in some areas.







Wärtsilä makes the difference P LA LA T T F O R M S U P P L Y V E S SE L ( P S V) OF F S HORE S E R V I CE CE V E S S EL V E E L (O S V)

O I L & G A A S S P L AT F O R M

P O W E R P L A N T

LARGE L IQ UEFA C T ION P LA LA NT NT

RELIQUEFACTION UNI T LNG CARRIE R BU N KE R I N G TE R M I N AL N AL

L N G F U E L L ED ED PA S PA S S E NG N G E R S HI P

P O W E R P L A N T A ND LNG STORAGE

F L O A T I N G S T O R A G E A A N ND R E G A S I F I C A T I O N B A A R RGE (FSRB)

S AT E L L I T E T E R M I N A L P O W E R B A R G E

MI NI L IQ UE F AC T I ON P LANT

S M AL L L IQ UE F A C T IO N P LANT

S M A A LL L L N G C A A R RRIER







F L OA T I N G S TORAG E & ( R E G AS G AS IFICAT I O N ) U N IT (FSRU/F SU)

LEGEND W ÄR T SI L Ä Ä O F F E R I N G

GA S GA S LINE

SHI P RO UT E

P O WE R P L A N T

L A A R RGE TERMINAL P O W E R P L A A N NT

S M A L L L N G C A R R I E R

RE L I Q U E FA C T I O N UNIT

R E G A S I F ICATI ON U N IT

BIOGAS UPGRADING P L A NT

BI OGAS L IQ UE FACT I ON P L A NT

S AT E L L I T E A ND D N BU N K E R I N G TER MI NA L

P O W E R P L A N T

BU NK E R I N G V E S S EL V E EL

L BG F I L L I NG STATION STATI ON AN AE RO BI C DIGESTION P L A NT

SATE L L I T E T ER M I N A L

L N G F UE L L E D CARG O SHIP

B U N K E R I N G T E R M I N A L S M A L L / / ME ME D I U M TE R MI NA L JE TTY

L N G F I L LING S TA T I O N

Clean and affordable energy for ever yone While LNG previously only was an option for buyers that

reserves or access to gas pipelines choose to invest in

could absorb large quantities, conventional LNG infra-

LNG in order to diversify their supply options. Implemen-

structure is now being complemented by small-scale

tation of Emission Control Areas for the maritime industry

facilities serving smaller demand centres. Islands and

makes LNG a very interesting fuel option for shipping







Small- and medium-s medium-scale cale LNG terminals While the LNG market continues to grow, ensuring access and availability is a key prerequisite. The need for LNG terminals is particu larly relevant in places where the gas in frastructure is under-developed but the potential demand for gas-fired power generation and natural gas for other industrial uses is substantial. Alternatively, LNG terminals can complement the existing gas reserves or pipelin es in order to improve fuel supply security.

Wärtsilä’s terminal portfolio Th e stora st ora ge tank ta nk is usua us uallllyy th e most mo st exp ensi en sive ve pa rt of a

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terminal unless marine facilities are part of the scope, and the terminals are often defined according to the size of the tanks. Wärtsilä’s portfolio consists of terminals with various

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functions combined with a storage capacity in the range of 100-160,000 m 3 . Depending on project location and requirements, we specify the most suitable type of regasification system. As Wärtsilä has supplied regasification system modules for more than one third of the floating storage and

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regasification units (FSRU) in active operation, this is an area where we have extensive expertise. Additionally, Wärtsilä Tank Control Systems are used in many of the world’s

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Specifically adapted for the requirements of small-scale LNG through elimination of complexity and increase of flexibility Single use (e.g. providing fuel for a power plant) or multi-use (e.g. gas send-out, ship bunkering, truck loading) Av ai la bl e fo r bo th hu b an d sp ok e operations Onshore and near shore (barge) concepts Stringent safety regulations during both construction and operation.

leading LNG facilities. We are able to deliver a co mplete terminal under an EPC contract.

Wärtsilä’s range of small- and medium-scale LNG terminals.

INPUT

OUTPUT

TERMINAL

LNG transport Carriers Tanke r tr uck s z Containers z Rail cars z z

Tank capacity 100-160,000 m3 LNG transport Carriers Tanke r tr uck s z Containers z z

(26,400-42 million gallons) z Jetty & marine facilities z Unloading systems z Storage tanks z Boil-off gas handling z Regasification

Gas send-out















Satellite terminals for power plants Th ese es e are sing si ngle le-u -u se sate sa tellllite ite term te rmiinals dedicated to supply a gas or dual-fuel power plant and include fuel storage and LNG processing systems in the size range of 100-20,000 m 3 . Th e stora st ora ge is main ma inly ly bu ilt il t as bu llet ll et tanks and the capacity depends on the size and operational profile of the power plant and the frequency of filling. For example, a 50 MW baseload plant with an average of 12 days between fillings would need a storage of about 5000 m 3 . For this concept Wärtsilä p rovides a complete engineering, procurement

Satellite terminal for power plants.

Truck unloading LNG storage Regasification Electrical and control system Gas send out

and construction (EPC) delivery for both the power plant and the LNG Unloading/loading system LNG storage Regasification

satellite terminal. The operations and maintenance agreement provided can also include both facilities.

Small satellite terminals Th ese es e ter mina mi nals ls are smal sm alle lerr loca lo call terminals with a size of 100-20,000 m 3 , and located by the sea shore or rivers. They are often placed in harbours where there is easy access for supply vessels to fill the tanks. Th e stora st ora ge is main ma inly ly bu ilt il t as bu llet tanks. These terminals are often built primarily as bunkering facilities

Electrical and control system Gas send out

for ships, but they can also include additional services such as truck and container loading to facilitate distri-

Small satellite terminal.

Bunkering







Marine infrastructure For small-scale LNG projects a sensible approach to marine infrastructure is crucial since these projects are not able to absorb CAPEX-heavy infrastructure costs. It is especially important to pay attention to site selection and not to overscale the installation, as this will significantly add to the costs and damage project economics. Also, the concept of the project needs to be adapted to limitations set Unloading system LNG storage Regasification Electrical and control system Gas send send out Storage and regasification barge.

by LNG suppliers. To m it ig igate ate th e ri risk sk s in invo vo lv lved ed,, a nu nummber of studies are required, such as: z Conceptual study z Requirements check from relevant authorities z Manoeuvring Manoeuvri ng study z Mooring study z Metocean study z Bathymetric study z Navigationall studies Navigationa z Off-shore soil investigations. In order of priority, the below options are suitable for berthing small LNG

Unloading system LNG storage Boil-off gas (BOG) system system Regasification Electrical and control system Gas send out Truck loading Medium-scale terminal.

carriers: z Berthing at pier or quay z Berthing at jetty z Off-shore berthing (or mooring).







LNG storage tanks Onshore storage for small-scale LNG can either be arranged using a flat bot tom tank with storage capacity of 7500-160,000 m 3, spherical tanks of 1000-8000 m 3 or, for small L NG storage volumes, bullet tanks. Bullet tanks are available up to 1200 m 3, meaning that larger storage capacities (up to 20,000 m 3 ) are ar arran range ged d wi with th multiple bullet tanks. »

»

Flat bottom tanks Flat bottom tanks can be divided into single containment, double containment or full containment tanks. Above-ground full containment tank technology is the preferred solution when it comes to storing large quantities of LNG with maximum safety in a limited site area. But depending on safety requirements and free space available around the tank, the single and double containment tanks can also be considered. Flat bottom tanks are produced on site, which prolongs construction time.

Single containment tank

Double containment tank

Full containment tank

A sing si ngle le cont co ntai ainm nmen entt ta nk is comco m-

The Th e do ub le cont co nt ain ment me nt ta nk is

Full containment is essentially a

posed of an inner, self-supporting cy-

similar to a single containment tank,

double containment tank in which

lindrical container made of cryogenic

but instead of a containment bund,

the secondary container completely

steel (9% nickel steel). Insulation

the tank is surrounded by a close-in,

encases the primary container and

surrounds the inner tank to control

reinforced open top concrete outer

is designed to be liquid and vapour

heat leak into the tank. An outer

container. If the inner tank fails, the

tight in case of rupture. It therefore

tank made of carbon steel holds the

secondary container is capable of

offers the highest inherent safety of

insulation. The outer tank is non-cry-

containing all of the cryogenic liquid.

the tank alternatives whereby limiting

ogenic (carbon steel). Only the inner

The Th e ou ter conc co ncret ret e wall wa ll incre in cre ases as es th e

the required safety area. The major-







Spherical tanks Spherical tanks are rarely used for LNG,

designed and operated so that no boil-off

The Th e sphe sp heri rica call shap sh ap e cre ate s a st rong ro ng

gas compressor is needed.

structure because of the even distribu-

Verti Ver ti cal tank ta nks s z Small footprint compared to horizontal tank z Heavy foundations

Thei Th eirr main ma in adva ad vant nt age ag e is that th at th ey have ha ve a smaller surface area per unit volume than any other shape of tank, meaning less heat ingress and thus less boil-off gas (BOG).

Bullet tanks Bullet tanks are of interest when it comes to storing smaller volumes of LNG. They Concrete Insulation Steel lining Inner tank Thermal protection system Suspended roof Main operating platform Pump columns Instrumentation casing pipes

reduces site costs. Pressurised tanks are

but can in some cases be the best option.

tion of stresses on the sphere’s surfaces.

Full containment tank.

tanks are prefabricated in factories, which

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Sizes up to approximately 300 m 3 per tank.

Horizontal tanks z Large footprint compared to vertical tank z

Sizes up to approximately 1200 m 3 per tank.

are vacuum and perlite or vacuum and

The Th e safe sa fety ty req uirem ui rem ents en ts are an impo im po rt ant an t inin -

multilayer insulated stainless steel pres-

put for selecting the type of bullet tank sys-

sure vessels, operating above 0 .5 barg.

tem. Bullet tanks have an inner shell made

Thes Th ese e tank ta nk s are mo dula du lar, r, fl exi ble, bl e, avail av ail a-

of cryogenic steel and an outer shell of

ble in vertical or horizontal formats, and

cryogenic or non-cryogenic steel. The tanks

may be arranged in tank farms of any

can have a bund around the whole tank farm

number of manifold rows of tanks to pro-

area or only under the process area.

vide the desired amount of storage. Bullet

Bullet tank. Inner vessel (cryogenic steel) Insulation (vacuum and perlite) Outer vessel (cryogenic steel or non-cryogenic steel) Inner vessel over pressure line LNG spray line LNG inlet/outlet line

LNG storage alternatives offered by Wärtsilä









Tank control systems







Boil-off gas handling Options for handling BOG: z

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z

z z

z

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One of the main challenges of LNG storage is handling

Ven ti ng (o nl y al lo we d in em er ge nc y situations) Flaring Returning the BOG to the LNG carrier during unloading (only an add-on solution during unloading) BOG re-condensation and pumping back to LNG tank (requires a constant send-out of LNG) Utilising BOG as fuel in a nearby power plant converting into electric power and heat LNG recirculation / top spraying Pumping it to the low pressure (LP) gas pipeline (<10 bar) Pumping it to the high pressure (HP) gas pipeline (10-103 bar) Reliquefaction of BOG into LNG.

The Th e suit su it abil ab ilit it y of th ese es e op tion ti on s must be evaluated based on the







Why Wärtsilä? We make it possible to switch over to LNG, a cleaner and more affordable fuel, in locati ons that previously were deemed too small for an LNG terminal. Wärtsilä helps you to develop the project rapidly and with lower r isk. With us as a partner, you will have a well-functioning asset for years to come. Projects are customized for customer

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needs based on a set of pre-defined scopes and proven designs to provide a high quality asset at a competitive

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price. The scope and quality of our services sets Wärtsilä apart from its competitors, and our range of capabilities is unique. We offer: z Ad vi ce an d as si st an ce in de al structuring and financing, including financial modelling and feasibility studies. z Proven LNG infrastructure solutions supported by a world-class LNG Solutions Design team. z Complete EPC deliveries with guaranteed pricing, delivery schedules and performance, as well as process solution deliveries.

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Th e us e of pr of es si on al pr oj ec t management methodology and best practices. Operations & Maintenance agreements for guaranteed performance and predictable maintenance costs. EPC packages combining both terminals and power plants that create potentially considerable synergistic benefits.

Wärtsilä is proud to serve each customer with the same high level of quality and excellence to ensure that all expectations and p riorities are fully understood and met.







Experience and successes Raahe, Finland.

Tornio, Finland.

RAAHE LNG TERMINAL

Customer

Raahen Voima Oy

Scope of supply

Type

Sma ll sat ell ite ter min al

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Tank net vol ume

2 x 700 m 3

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Send out

Max 24,000 m 3 per hour at 4.0 barg

z

Delivery method

EPC

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Delivery

2018

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TORNIO MANGA TERMINAL

Customer

Manga LNG Oy

Scope of supply

Type

Med ium -sc ale ter min al

z

Tank net vol ume

50, 000 m 3

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Send out

Max 40 tonnes per hour at 6.0 barg

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Delivery method

EPC turnkey

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Delivery

2018

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Waterston, Wales, UK.

Truck unl oad ing Vacu um ins ula ted sto rage tan ks Regasification & gas metering Electrical and control system Process shelters

Civil works and infrastructure Full containment storage tank Regasification & gas metering BOG system Electrical and control system Unloading system Bunkering and truck loading.

DRAGON LNG

Customer

Dragon LNG (JV between Petronas and BG Group)

Type

Boi l-o ff gas rel iqu efa cti on unit for large-scale terminal

Capacity

340 TPD/120,000 tonnes per annum (TPA)

Scope of supply z z z z z

Reversed Brayton liquefaction process Cooling system (ambient air) LNG buffer tank LNG transfer pump Instrument air compressor/dryer







Small and Medium Scale Lng Terminals Wartsila

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