VCB@ MTJA\B@M J@L AIJXV Ko`ter 7 Xrea. @eer @ee r \ep`e NEL, Lopjrtko`t ea Mo`orji Vurmory, Vurmory, @OBMTBNKV
Dy Vjttrjlnjgj Cobsnjk
E_\IB@O
Nbstery
Vcb` ‖ J drboa Tovbow
Vcb` Mrjatb`m - Fijssbabfjtbe`s - Jlvj`tjmos / Lbsjlvj`tjmos - B`lbfjtbe`s / Fe`trjb`lbfjtbe`s - \no Xrefoluro
Vcb` sudstbtutos
Aijps - Fijssbabfjtbe`s - Jlvj`tjmos / Lbsjlvj`tjmos - B`lbfjtbe`s / Fe`trjb`lbfjtbe`s - \no Xrefoluro
\NO NBV\ETR
New bt
B@LBJ ‖ \NO ETBMB@
Tofe`struftbvo surmory tofn`bquos usb`m mrjats j`l aijps erbmb`jtol b` B`lbj B`lbj dy dy 4?88-:?88 DF. DF.
Vusnrutj, >88DF, Vusnrutj, >88DF, tno tno ajtnor ea Vurmory, usol aijp arek tno aeronojl te rofe`struft tno `eso wnbfn njl doo` kutbijtol js pu`bsnko`t aer frbkos sufn js tnoat j`l jluitory.
\no kolbfji wercs ea detn Vusnrutj j`l Fnjrjc erbmb`jiiy b` Vj`scrbt Vj`scrbt woro woro trj`sijtol b`te J r j d b f i j ` m u j m o lurb`m lurb`m tno Jddjsbl Fjibpnjto b` =?8 JL.
B@LBJ ‖ \NO ETBMB@
O_TEXO ‖ \NO TOAB@OTR
Btjiy, :<<4 JL, tno Drj`fj ajkbiy ea Vbfbiy Btjiy, Vbfbiy j`l j`l :?2= JL, Mjspjro \jmibjfezzb ( \jmibjfezzb (Deiem`j Deiem`j)) ajkbibjrbzol tno tofn`bquos ea Vusnrutj, dofjko c`ew` js tno B`lbj` Kotnel.
Drj`fjs lovoiepol j `evoi tofn`bquo ea db`lb`m tno pjtbo`t's jrk te tno sbto ea tno scb` mrjat.
Drbtjb`, Gesopn Fe`stj`tb`o Fjrpuo spo`t Fjrpuo spo`t 48 yojrs b` B`lbj stulyb`m iefji pijstbf surmory kotnels prjftbfol dy tno Xettors Fjsto. Fjsto. Fjrpuo wjs jdio te poraerk tno abrst kjger surmory b` tno ]ostor` weril dy weril dy :>:?.
j k n b t j woro B`struko`ts losfrbdol b` tno V u s n r u t j V jk woro
Fut @eso
Jppjrjtus te bkkedbibzo tno aijp
Jrk-@eso Vcb` Aijp
48\N FO@\_TR - J@L \NO V\ETR VE AJT…..
Deisnovbc roveiutbe` j`l ]] B7 \udol polbfiol mrjat lovoiepol. :2:=7 Jrfnbdjil KfB`leo j`l Njreil Mbiios poraerkol stjmol prefoluros aer scb` mrjatb`m j`l aijps. :2<4,]] BB 7 KfB`leo 7 KfB`leo poraerkol nbs pbe`oorb`m eporjtbe`s e` dur`t jbrko` jt tno Zuoo` Qbfterbj Qbfterbj Nespbtji, pusnb`m pijstbf surmory b`te tno pudibf. :2?:77 Vbr Njreil Mbiibos, poraerks tno vory abrst kjio-te:2?: aokjio sox aokjio sox fnj`mo eporjtbe`. :2>8s 7 Tosojrfn e` scb` sudstbtutos j`l prjftbfji jppibfjtbe`s. weril‒s s abrst auii48:8 7 Vpj`bsn surmoe`s fekpioto tno weril‒ ajfo trj`spij`t e` j 6:-yojr-eil kj` wne w ne njl
VCB@ ‖ J TOQBO]
Iot‒ss drusn bt …… Iot‒
A_@F\BE@V EA \NO VCB@ J) Xretoftbvo djrrbor jmjb`st - trjukj - b`aoftbe`s - rjlbjtbe`s - tokporjturo fnj`mos D) \norkeromuijtbe` tnreumn - vjsefe`strbftbe`Yvjselb vjsefe`strbftbe`Yvjselbijtjtbe` ijtjtbe` - b`so`sbdio aiubl iess fe`trei
VCB@ - J@J\EKR J@J\EKR
Lbvblol b`te 4 ijyors 7
- opblorkbs (suporabfbji) - lorkbs (loop)
:.Opblorkbs - Vtrjtbabol sq opbtnoibuk/corjtb`efytos - @e dieel vossois - @utrbtbe` arek u`loriyb`m lorkbs dy lbaausbe` tnreumn djsoko`t kokdrj`o.
VCB@ ‖ J@J\EKR …….
4.Lorkbs - j) pjpbiijry lorkbs d) rotbfuijr lorkbs
Xjpbiijry lorkbs - \nb``or ijyor - Ieeso fe``oftbvo tbssuo Fe`tjb`s 7 j. Fjpbiijrbos d. Oijstbf abdors f. Totbfuijr abdors
VCB@ ‖ J@J\EKR …….
Totbfuijr lorkbs - \nbfcor ijyor - Lo`so fe``oftbvo tbssuo Fe`tjb`s 7 j. Ijrmor dieel vossois d. Fiesoiy b`torijfol oijstbf abdors f. Fejrso, drj`fnb`m feiijmo` abdors jrrj`mol b` ijyors pjrjiioi te tno surajfo. l. Abdredijsts o. Kjst foiis a. @orvo o`lb`ms m. Iykpnjtbfs
IJROTV EA VCB@
OXBLOTKBV LOTKBV
NRXELOTKBV
OXB\NOIBJI TOXJBT
Opbtnoibji foiis ro-opbtnoibjibzo wno` tno evoriyb`m opbtnoibuk ijyor bs rokevol er lostreyol dy - Xjrtbji tnbfc`oss dur`s - Jdrjsbe`s - V\VM njrvostb`m
Veurfos aer ro-opbtnoibjibzjtbe` b`fiulo tno opbtnoibji jppo`ljmos7 - Vodjfoeus mij`ls, swojt mij`ls, jpefrb`o mij`ls j`l njbr aeiibfios.
VCB@ MTJA\B@M
]njt, ] njt, wno`, wnbfn, j`l new555
LOAB@B\BE@V
Mrjats - jro tbssuos tnjt jro trj`saorrol wbtneut Mrjats tnobr dieel suppiy suppiy,, kust rovjsfuijrbzo e`fo tnoy jro b` tno `ow sbto.
Le`er sbto - jroj arek wnoro mrjat bs tjco`.
Tofbpbo`t sbto ‖ sbto ‖ jroj jroj wnoro tno mrjat bs bkpij`tol.
„ \jco ‒ ea Mrjat ‖
rojttjfnko`t j`l rojttjfnko`t j`l rovjsfuijrbzjtbe` ea rovjsfuijrbzjtbe` ea tno mrjat te tno weu`l dol.
FIJVVBABFJ\BE@V ‖ VCB@ MTJA\V J )
Jff erlb`m te erbmb`7
:.
Jutemrjat ‖ ‖ arek arek tno sjko b`lbvbluji
4.
Jiiemrjat spofbos
6.
^o`emrjat ‖ ‖ arek arek lbaaoro`t spofbos, om pbm
‖ arek ‖ arek lbaaoro`t b`lbvbluji ea sjko
FIJVVBABFJ\BE@V …….(FE@\L.) D )
J f f e r l b ` m t e l o r k j i t n b f c ` o s s t jc j c o ` 7
:) V\VM (\nborsfn mrjats) 4) A\VM (]eiao mrjat) :. Vpibt-tnbfc`oss scb` mrjat - V\MV - Opblorkbs + vjrbjdio tnbfc`oss ea lorkbs - \nb` - B`torkolbjto - \nbfc
( 8.88? - 8.8:4 b`fn) ( 8.8:4 - 8.8:> b`fn) ( 8.8:> - 8.868 b`fn)
- Feuil do 7 - Vnoot V\MV - Kosnol V\MV
FIJVVBABFJ\BE@V…… FE@\L 4. Auii tnbfc`oss scb` mrjat - A\MV - Opblorkbs + o`tbro lorkbs - Fe`tjb`s jl`oxji strufturos7 - Vodjfoeus mij`ls, swojt mij`ls, njbr aeiibfios & fjpbiijrbos
]njt loptn ea scb` bs tjco`555 \nb` (8.88? - 8.8:4 b`fn)
B`torkolbjto (8.8:4 ‖ 8.8:> b`fn) \nbfc ( 8.8:> ‖ 8.868 b`fn) A\VM (wneio lorkbs)
V\VM- JLQJ@\JMOV :.
Ioss bloji fe`lbtbe`s aer survbvji roql. se drjelor rj`mo ea jppibfjtbe`.
4.
Ioss njbr aeiibfios trj`saorrol
6.
Le`er sbtos nojis dy ro-opbtnoibjibzjtbe` arek opblorkji jppo`ljmos foiis bkkbmrjtbe` j`l preibaorjtbe`.
V\VM - LBVJLQJ@\JMOV :.
Kero arjmbio
4.
Fj``et wbtnstj`l sudsoquo`t rjlbjtbe` tnorjpy
6.
Kero sofe`ljry fe`trjfturo
<.
Le `et mrew wbtn tno b`lbvbluji
?.
Vkeetnor j`l snb`or tnj` `erkji scb`
1.
Jd`erkji pbmko`tjtbe` to`lo`fy (pjio/wnbto/nyporpbmko`tol)
=.
Le`er sbto kero pjb`aui tnj` tno rofbpbo`t sbto
Vofe`ljry fe`trjturo555
Vofe`ljry fe`trjfturo - fe`trjfturo ea j nojiol sfjr luo te kyeabdredijst jftbvbty, tno tnb``or tno V\MV, tno mrojtor tno sofe`ljry fe`trjfturo
V\VM bs kero ea au`ftbe`ji tnj` feskotbf.
A\VM - JLQJ@\JMOV :.
Bloji aer tno ajfo/ wnoro iefji aijp bs b`jffossbdio er `et b`lbfjtol
4.
Totjb` kero fnjrjftorbstbfs ea `erkji scb`, b`fiulb`m- feieur, feieur, toxturo, tnbfc`oss
6.
Ioss sofe`ljry fe`trjfturo
<.
B` fnbilro`, bt mrews wbtn tno b`lbvbluji
?.
Mrojtor so`sery rotur`, mrojtor jvjbijdbibty ea `ourbiokji snoot.
A\VM - LBVJLQJ@\JMOV :.
Kero prbkjry fe`trjfturos
4.
Kero njbr aeiibfios trj`saorrol
6.
Kero profjrbeus survbvji (woii vjsfuijrbzol dol)
<.
Ibkbtol jppibfjtbe`s aer 7 - Vkjii weu`ls - _`fe`tjkb`jtol weu`ls - ]oii-vjs ]oii-vjsfuijrbzol fuijrbzol weu`ls
Xrbkjry fe`trjfturos 555
Xrbkjry fe`trjfturos - Bkkolbjto rofebi ea j arosniy njrvostol mrjat luo te tno oijstb` b` tno lorkbs, tno kero lorkbs tno mrjat njs, tno kero prbkjry fe`trjfturo.
Vnoot j`l Kosnol V\VM AOJ\_TOV AOJ \_TOV
VNOO\ V\VM
KOVNOL V\VM
:. l o a b ` b t b e `
- Bs j fe`tb`ueus, u`b`torruptol mrjat
- Bs j snoot mrjat jator kuitbpio kofnj`bfji b`fbsbe`s
4. j l v j ` t j m o
- Vuporber jostnotbf rosuits
-Jiiew bkkolbjto mrjat oxpj`sbe` -Fj` fevor ijrmor jroj - Jiiew dieel & soruk lrjb`jmo
6.
- Le`―t jiiew dieel er soruk te lrjb`
- Xoddiol jppojrj`fo, jostnotbfjiiy `et
lbsjlvj`tjmo
]nbfn tnbfc`oss mrjat bs dottor 555 \ypo ea Mrjat \nb` V\VM
JLQJ@\JMOV
LBVJLQJ@\JMOV
-Dost Vurvbvji
-Iojst rosokdios erbmb`ji scb`. scb` .
-Nojis Tjpbliy
-Iojst rosbstj`fo te trjukj. -Xeer Vo`sjtbe` -Kjxbkji Vofe`ljry Fe`trjftbe`
\nbfc V\MV
-Kero qujibtbos ea `erkji scb`.
-Iewor mrjat survbvji
-Ioss Fe`trjftbe`
-Viewor nojib`m.
-Ieecs dottor -Ajbr Vo`sjtbe`
A\VM
-Kest rosokdios `erkji scb`.. scb` -Kb`bkji Vofe`ljry fe`trjftbe`
-Tosbstj`t te trjukj
-Xeerost survbvji. survbvji. -Le`er sbto kust do fiesol surmbfjiiy. -Le`er sbtos jro ibkbtol.
V\OXV - VCB@ MTJA\B@M (V\VM) \no fekke`iy aeiiewol prefoluro bs js aeiiews7 aeiiews 7 :. ]eu`l propjrjtbe` - lodrbloko`t, mrj`uijtbe` tbssuo, tj`mo`tbji oxfbsbe`, GO\ ijvjmo 4. Le`er sbto soioftbe` - V\VM - j`t. tnbmn, tnbmn, aerojrk / A\VM- pest A\VM pest jurbfuijr , suprjfijvbfuijr , mreb` frojso jrojs. 6. Vcb` njrvostb`m - V\VM- njrvostol usb`m Nukdy―s c`bao, lorkjteko otf / A\VM- usb`m sfjipoi. <. Mrjat jppibfjtbe` ?. Vofurb`m tno mrjat ‖ mrjat ‖ suturb`m, suturb`m, stjpib`m. 1. Lrossb`m ea detn sbtos
Le`er - sbto soioftbe`
Vpibt-tnbfc`oss scb` mrjats7 uppor j`torber j`l ijtorji tnbmn duttefcs sfjip uppor b``or jrk
Auii-tnbfc`oss scb` mrjats7 uppor oyoibl `jseijdbji aeil pro- j`l pestjurbfuijr rombe`s suprjfijvbfuijr aessj
Feurtosy7 www www.ktpsj.fek .ktpsj.fek
MTJA\ V_TQBQJI J@L NOJIB@M
B`btbji jlnoro`fo7 jlnoro`fo7 b`btbji jlnoro`fo te tno weu`l dol vbj j tnb` abdrb` `otwerc tnjt tokperjrbiy j`fners tno mrjat u`tbi loab`btbvo fbrfuijtbe` j`l fe``oftbvo tbssuo fe``oftbe`s jro ostjdibsnol. domb`s bkkolbjtoiy j`l bs predjdiy jt bts kjxbkuk dy > neurs pestmrjatb`m.
MTJA\ V_TQBQJI J@L NOJIB@M…..
Xijskjtbf bkdbdbtbe`7 bkdbdbtbe` 7 \no mrjat bkdbdos weu`l oxuljto dy fjpbiijry jftbe` tnreumn tno spe`moibco strufturo ea tno mrjat lorkbs j`l tnreumn tno lorkji dieel vossois. \nbs provo`ts mrjat losbffjtbe`, kjb`tjb`s mrjat vossoi pjto`fy, pjto`fy, j`l prevblos `eurbsnko`t aer tno mrjat. \nbs prefoss bs o`tbroiy rospe`sbdio aer mrjat survbvji aer 4-6 ljys u`tbi fbrfuijtbe` bs roostjdibsnol. Lurb`m tnbs tbko, tno mrjat typbfjiiy dofekos olokjteus j`l b`frojsos b` wobmnt dy 68-?8%. 68 -?8%.
MTJA\ V_TQBQJI V_TQBQJI J@L NOJIB@M…….
Tovjsfuijrbzjtbe`77 Tovjsfuijrbzjtbe` domb`s 4-6 ljys pestmrjatb`m \noerbos B`esfuijtbe` bs tno ostjdibsnko`t ea lbroft j`jstekesos
dotwoo` mrjat j`l rofbpbo`t dieel vossois. vjsfuijr b`mrewtn ea rofbpbo`t dol vossois b`te tno mrjat jie`m tno fnj``ois ea provbeus mrjat vossois rj`lek `ow vjsfuijr b`mrewtn ea rofbpbo`t dol vossois b`te tno mrjat wbtneut romjrl aer provbeus mrjat vossois.
auii fbrfuijtbe` te tno mrjat bs rosterol dy 1-= ljys pestmrjatb`m.
MTJA\ V_TQBQJI J@L NOJIB@M
]btneut b`btbji jlnoro`fo, pijskjtbf bkdbdbtbe`, j`l rovjsfuijrbzjtbe`, tno mrjat wbii `et survbvo. survbvo.
MTJA\ V_TQBQJI J@L NOJIB@M…….
]eu`l fe`trjftbe`7 fe`trjftbe`7
kjy prelufo sorbeus au`ftbe`ji j`l feskotbf predioks - oftrepbe`, rotrjftbe` ea tno `jsji jij, er lbstertbe` ea tno vorkbibe` derlor.
Fe`trjftbe` predjdiy domb`s snertiy jator b`btbji weu`lb`m j`l premrossos siewiy aer 1-:> ke`tns aeiiewb`m scb` mrjatb`m.
\no weu`l dol bs tno t no iefus ea tno fe`trjftbio aerfos, j`l tno kyeabdredijsts kyeabdredijsts b` b` tno weu`l dol bs doibovol te do rospe`sbdio rospe`sbdi o aer tnbs fe`trjftbe`.
MTJA\ V_TQBQJI J@L NOJIB@M……
Tob``orvjtbe`7 effurs arek tno rofbpbo`t dol j`l tno porbpnory jie`m tno okpty `oureiokkji snojtns ea tno mrjat so`sbdbi so`sbdbibty bty rotur`s te tno porbpnory ea tno mrjat j`l prefools fo`trjiiy usujiiy domb`s lurb`m tno abrst ke`tn dut bs `et fekpioto aer sovorji yojrs aeiiewb`m mrjatb`m pjb` bs usujiiy tno abrst porfobvol so`sjtbe` aeiiewol ijtor dy teufn, nojt, j`l feil V\VMs jro rob``orvjtol kero qubfciy, dut auiitnbfc`oss mrjats jro rob``orvjtol kero fekpiotoiy rob``orvjtbe` bs jiwjys b`fekpioto, j`l seko lomroo ea lorj`moko`t bs porkj`o`t usujiiy tno pjtbo`t lovoieps pretoftbvo so`sjtbe` dut
MTJA\ V_TQBQJI J@L NOJIB@M…..
Xbmko`tjtbe`7
rotur`s mrjlujiiy te auii-tnbfc`oss scb` mrjats, j`l tnoy kjb`tjb` j pbmko`t sbkbijr te tno le`er sbto kufn kero prolbftjdiy tnj` spibt-tnbfc`oss mrjats.
V\VMs kjy rokjb` pjio er wnbto er kjy dofeko nyporpbmko`tol wbtn oxpesuro te su`ibmnt.
bt bs mo`orjiiy rofekko`lol tnjt tno mrjat do pretoftol arek lbroft su`ibmnt aer jt iojst 1 ke`tns jator mrjatb`m er ovo` ie`mor ie`m or..
FEKXIBFJ\BE@V J@L MTJA\ AJBI_TO
Xeer mrjat fe`tjft er jlnoro`fo te tno rofbpbo`t dol kest fekke` rojse` aer scb` mrjat ajbiuro Nokjtekj do`ojtn tno mrjat er sorekj aerkjtbe` Kevoko`t ea tno mrjat, er snojr aerfos Xeer rofbpbo`t sbto \no weu`l kjy njvo peer vjsfuijrbty surajfo fe`tjkb`jtbe` fe`tjkb`jtbe` kjy njvo doo` tee mrojt te jiiew mrjat survbvji. \ofn`bfji orrer Jppiyb`m tno mrjat upsblo lew` lew` Jppiyb`m oxfoss oxfoss prossuro Vtrotfnb`m tno mrjat tee tbmntiy trjukjtbf nj`lib`m nj`lib`m ea tno mrjat
VCB@ V_DV\B\_\OV
J „yos‒ te „`e mrjats‒ !!!
VCB@ V_DV\B\_\OV
DBEIEMBFJI FEQOTB@MV7 Jiiemrjat 7 fjljvor scb` aer tokperjry fevor Jiiemrjat 7 fevor.. \bssuo ijsts 6 woocs doaero rogoftbe`. Oxpo`sbvo `ools spofbji prosorvjtbe` , lbsojso trj`saor ^o`emrjats (pbm scb`) 7 tokperjry fevorjmo, ioss oxpo`sbvo tnj` jiiemrjat, kero rojlbiy jvjbijdio, sieumns ojsbiy Nukj` jk`be` 7 aer tokperjry weu`l fiesuro, suporabfbji weu`ls j`l oxfbsol weu`ls, peer sfroo`b`m aer vbrusos se `et rofekko`lol. Debiol petjte pooi dj`ljmo (DXXD) Dj`j`j ioja lrossb`m (DIL)
JT\BABFBJI VCB@7
Dbedrj`o 7 j 4 ijyor kokdrj`o wbtn eutor sbibfe`o kokdrj`o te provo`t Dbedrj`o 7 djftorbji b`vjsbe`.jffukjijtbe` ea oxuljtos dut etnorwbso meel preluft. b`oxpo`sbvo ie`m snoivo ibao. \rj`sfyto77 sbkbijr te dbedrj`o, fj` stbkuijto weu`l \rj`sfyto weu`l nojib`m
New bt wercs 555
Dj`j`j ioja
B`tomrj B`tomrj
\rj`sfyto \rj`sfyto
Dbedrj`o
VCB@ AIJXV
AIJX 7 J`y tbssuo usol aer rofe`struftbe` er weu`l fiesuro tnjt rotjb`s jii er pjrt ea bts erbmb`ji dieel suppiy jator tno tbssuo njs doo` kevol te tno rofbpbo`t iefjtbe`.
Vbkpio aijp ‖ aijp ‖ om. om. Vcb` aijp, kusfio aijp Fekpeu`l aijp ‖ aijp ‖ om. om. Kyefutj`oes aijp, ajsfbefutj`oeus aijp
MTJA\V QV
AIJXV
MTJA\V
AIJXV
Fj` fjrry etnor tbssuos
Lopo`ls e` rofbpbo`t sbto aer `utrbtbe`
Njs ew` dieel suppiy
Feskotbf ‖ kjy lbsfeier er fe`trjft
Ibkbtol te trj`spij`tjtbe` ea scb`
Ioss jljptjdio te wobmnt dojrb`m
Dottor feier tjco, ioss ibcoiy te fe`trjft
Ioss jdio te survbvo e` j dol wbtn quostbe`jdio `utrbtbe`
Toqubros prossuro lrossb`m
Kero jljptjdio te wobmnt dojrb`m
Fj` do usol e` j dol wbtn quostbe`jdio `utrbtbe` Toqubros `e prossuro lrossb`m
AIJXV- J@J J@J\EKR \EKR J@L XNRVBEIEM XNRVBEIEMR R
\no kbfrefbrfuijtery systok ea tno scb` bs fekpesol ea :.
suporabfbji pioxus b` tno suporabfbji lorkji pjpbiijo b` tno pjpbiijry lorkbs.
4.
suppibos tno kero kotjdeibfjiiy jftbvo opblorkbs dy koj`s ea lbaausbe`
loop vjsfuijr pioxus jt tno gu`ftbe` ea tno sudfutj`oeus ajt j`l rotbfuijr lorkbs
Xnysbeiembf ajfters jaaoftb` jaaoftb`m m aijp survbvji7 :.
dieel suppiy te tno aijp tnreumn bts djso
4.
aerkjtbe` ea `ow vjsfuijr fnj``ois dotwoo` tno aijp j`l tno rofbpbo`t dol
AIJXV7 J@J J@J\EKR \EKR J@L XNRVBEIEM XNRVBEIEMR…… R……
@oevjsfuijrbzjtbe` ea tno aijp usujiiy effurs 6-= ljys @oevjsfuijrbzjtbe` ea jator trj`saor.
\nbs vjsfuijrbzjtbe` effurs tnreumn 4 prefossos7 :.
Lbroft b`mrewtn
4.
B`esfuijtbe` - roaors te ’j`jstekesb`m ’j`jstekesb`m‛‛ ea surreu`lb`m rofbpbo`t fjpbiijrbos b`te prooxbstb`m vossois b` tno aijp.
AIJXV
Jlvj`tjmos7
O`jdio rjpbl rofe`struftbe rofe`struftbe` `
Meel feier j`l toxturo kjtfn
Njs j roibjdio j`l jloqujto dieel suppiy
_sos7
\e rofe`struft j ijrmo prbkjry loaoft
\e fjrry etnor strufturos sufn js de`o
Iojvos j loaoft b` tno le`er jroj jr oj wnbfn bs fiesol prbkjrbiy er wbtn j scb` mrjat
AIJXV - FIJVVBABFJ\BE@V
Fijssbabfjtbe`Fijssbabf jtbe`- Djsol e` lbstj`fo b` roijtbe` te tno loaoft7 :. Iefji aijp
Tjbsol arek tbssuo bkkolbjtoiy jlgjfo`t te er vory fieso te tno prbkjry loaoft om7 trj`spesbtbe trj`spesbtbe` ` aijps, z-pijsty, rnekdebl aijp, retjtbe` aijp, jlvj`foko`t aijp otf.
4. Lbstj`t aijps
\bssuos kevol jt j lbstj`fo arek tno prbkjry loaoft om7 kyefutj`oeus aijps, ajsfbefutj`oeus aijps, aroo aijps, otf .
AIJXV ‖ FIJVVBABFJ\BE@V….
Fijssbabfjtbe`- Djsol e` dieel suppiy :. Tj`lek pjttor` aijp lorbvos bts `utrbtbe` arek tno lorkji-sudlorkji pioxus 4. Jxbji Jxbji pjttor` aijp ]btn jrtorbevo`eus fbrfuijtbe` tnjt aeiiews tno ie`m jxbs ea tno aijp j`l mbvos eaa drj`fnos te tno lorkji-sudlorkji pioxus suppibol dy j `jkol jrtory j`l vob` 6. Kbfrevjsfuijr aroo aijp
\jco` aroo arek etnor pjrts ea tno dely prosorvb`m bts dieel suppiy, j`l j`jstekesol te
Djsol e` dieel suppiy….
Kbfrevjsfuijr aroo aijp
LBVF_VVBE@ E@ VEKO VOIOF\OL AIJXV
7 tno kest djsbf losbm`, iojvb`m j mrjatjdio le`er t r j ` s p e s b t b e ` a i jp jp sbto.
W-pijsty 7 aer io`mtno`b`m sfjrs er tbssuos
7 aer fnooc, tokpio, djfc j`l aijt surajfo loaofts r n e k d e b l a i jp jp
7 aer fe`vox surajfos3 retjtbe` aijp
j l v j ` f o k o ` t a i jp jp 7 aer aioxer surajfos3 kjy `ool trbj`mios oxfbsol jt
tno djso te kjco bt werc (fekke`iy fjiiol Durrew―s trbj`mios)3
7 fekke`iy usol aer ab`mortbps j`l oxtrokbtbos Q - te-R jlvj`f oko`t d b i e d o l a i jp jp 7 aer fe`vox surajfos, ospofbjiiy tno `eso
IEFJI AIJXV……
Jii aijps kust kust do rjbsol b` tno sudfutj`oeus sudfutj`oeus pij`o.
Mo`tio u`lorfuttb`m ea kjrmb`s noips te fieso tno le`er sbto.
\no jrt ea kjcb`m iefji aijps werc bs te puii jvjbijdio iefji spjro ijx scb` b`te tno loaoft, se tnjt tno sfjr wno` fiesol sbts b` j meel „ib`o ea oioftbe`‒
Jlvj`tjmos ▨ Dost iefji feskotbf tbssuo kjtfn ▨ Eato` j sbkpio prefoluro ▨ Iefji er rombe`ji j`jostnosbj eptbe`
Lbsjlvj`tjmos ▨ Xessbdio iefji tbssuo snertjmo ▨ Vfjrrb`m kjy oxjfordjto tno fe`lbtbe` ▨ Vurmoe` kjy fekprekbso iefji rosoftbe`
B` seko fbrfukstj`fos, sufn js dur` fe`trjfturo roiojso, iefji aijps fj` usoauiiy do fekdb`ol te bkpert surpius tbssuo arek jwblo jroj jlgjfo`t te j sfjr er loaoft tnjt `ools rokevji.
Oxjkpios jro tno ]-pijsty j`l tno kuitbpio R-te-Q pijsty, wnbfnbs j vory vorsjtbio koj`s ea roiojsb`m j` bseijtol dj`l sfjr fe`trjfturo evor j aioxbe` frojso
Jlvj`tjmos ▨ Dob`m jdio te soioft oxjftiy tno dost tbssuo te kevo ▨ E`iy tjcos wnjt bs `ofossjry ▨ Kb`bkbsos le`er sbto kerdblbty Lbsjlvj`tjmos ▨ Kero fekpiox surmbfji tofn`bquo ▨ Ajbiuro b`veivos tetji iess ea jii trj`saorrol tbssuo ▨ _sujiiy tjcos kero tbko u`ioss tno surmoe` bs oxporbo`fol
Aroo-tbssuo le`er sbtos
Xbvetji aijps
Xbvetji aijps jro kevol jdeut j pbvetji peb`t arek tno le`er sbto te tno loaoft.
Xbvetji aijps b`fiulo
\rj`spesbtbe`
Tetjtbe`
B`torpeijtbe` aijps
TOMBE@JI AIJXV
Js tno lbstj`fo lbstj`fo ea roqubrol aijp aijp trj`spesbtbe` trj`spesbtbe` b`frojsos, tno b`ferperjtbe` ea j loab`ol dieel suppiy dofekos frbtbfji.
Fijssbabol js jxbji, newovor kest aijps njvo rj`lek pjttor` jt tnobr lbstji o`ls
_tbibzol te fevor ijrmo loaofts wnbfn roqubro duic
Oxjkpios 7 :. XKKA XKKA 4. LXA 6. \rjpozbus aijp
XKKA
Xofterjibs Kjger Kyefutj`oeus Aijp (XKKA)
Kjger j`l kest fekke`iy usol kyefutj`oeus-polbfiol tbssuo trj`saor b` nojl j`l `ofc rofe`struftbe`
Djsol upe` tno pofterji drj`fn ea tno tnerjfejfrekbjii jrtory eaa tno sofe`l pertbe` ea tno tnerjfejfrekbj jxbiijry jxbiij ry jrtory
Jdio te nj`lio nj`lio 28% ea vbrtujiiy vbrtujiiy jii nojl j`l `ofc `ofc loaofts tnjt roqubro j sbm`babfj`t jkeu`t ea seat tbssuo
Jlvj`tjmos7
Kero lurjdio dieel suppiy
Loaoft jt tno le`er sbto fj` do fiesol prbkjrbiy Xrevblos tbssuo duic te fevor ijrmo loaofts
XKKA
XKKA
LOI\EXOF\ETJI LOI \EXOF\ETJI AIJX
Loitepofterji Aijp (LX Aijp)
Auii tnbfc`oss ajsfbefutj`oeus ajsfbefutj`oeus aijp aijp (b`fiulb`m tno ajsfbj ea tno pofterji kusfios)
Kolbjiiy djsol j`torber fnost wjii scb` wbtneut kusfio
Dieel suppiy7 :st tnreumn
_sol aer ijrmo surajfo fevorb`m rjtnor tnj` tnbfc seat tbssuo ropijfoko`t
LX AIJX
\TJXOWB_V AIJX
\rjpozbus Aijp
_tbibzos tno trjpozbus kusfio wbtn bts evoriyb`m scb`
Dieel suppiy7 trj`svorso forvbfji jrtory
Xjtbo`t kust do ropesbtbe`ol lurb`m njrvostb`m ea tno aijp
\TJXOWB_V AIJX
\TJXOWB_V AIJX
Ijtbssbkus Lersb Aijp
j`etnor roibjdio j`l vorsjtbio aijp
kjy do trj`saorrol js j kusfio aijp, j kyefutj`oeus aijp, er ovo` js j fekpesbto estoekyefutj`oeus estoekyefutj `oeus futj`oeus aijp wno` njrvostol wbtn u`loriyb`m sorrjtus kusfio j`l rbd
fj` jise do usol js j aroo aijp
Ijtbssbkus Lersb Aijp
\no ijtbssbkus lersb kusfio bs suppibol dy 4 sopjrjto vjsfuijr systoks.
\no lekb`j`t dieel suppiy jrbsos arek tno tnerjfelersji jrtory, jrtory, wnbfn bs tno torkb`ji drj`fn ea tno sudsfjpuijr jrtory.
Bt jise njs j sofe`ljry dieel suppiy, wnbfn jrbsos arek somko`tji poraerjtb`m drj`fnos eaa ea tno b`torfestji j`l iukdjr jrtorbos. jrtorbos.
FJTO EA AIJXV J@L KE@B\ETB@M
Edsorvol aer tbssuo feieur, wjrktn j`l turmer, turmer, jssoss dij`fnb`m j`l fjpbiijry roabii tbko j`l b`torvb`o jfferlb`miy. \no kest fekke` fjusos ea aijp ajbiuro jro7 • peer j`jtekbfji c`ewiolmo • aijp b`sot wbtn tee kufn to`sbe` • iefji sopsbs er j soptbfjokbf pjtbo`t • tno lrossb`m jppibol tee tbmntiy jreu`l tno polbfio • kbfresurmbfji ajbiuro b` aroo aijp surmory ‐]ot, wjrk j`l fekaertjdio― fekaertjdio― \no dost jlvbfo aer pesteporjtbvo aijp fjro aer kjger tbssuo trj`saors bs te coop tno pjtbo`t ‐wot, wjrk j`l fekaertjdio―. \nbs koj`s tnjt tno pjtbo`t sneuil do woii
B@V\T_KO@\V
TOFO@\ TOF O@\ JLQ JLQJ@F J@FOV OV J@L J@L \NO A_\_TO
Jrtbabfbji Jrtb abfbji scb` arek njbr reets
Aow njbrs eaa tno djfc ea tno pjtbo`t―s nojl jro puiiol Jluit stok foiis foiis arek tno tno reets jro oxtrjftol, oxtrjftol, Xreibaorjtol b` j foii fuituro aer jdeut twe woocs.
BF^-VC@ - kbkbfcb`m `jturo
Xjui Cokp j`l feiiojmuos jt Drbtbsn dbetofn fekpj`y B`torfytox
Auiiy j`l fe`sbsto`tiy b`tomrjtos b`te tno nukj` dely
@e `ool aer aurtnor mrjatb`m
Voia nojib`m jrtbabfbji scb`
Kbfrevjsfuijr Jute`ekbf Fekpesbtos B`btbjtbvo (¿QJF) bs frojtb`m kjtorbjis wbtn j kbfrevjsfuijr `otwerc, fjpjdio ea pukpb`m soia-nojib`m peiykors te ropjbr sbtos ea scb` droofn. nttp7//www.kvjf.ubuf.olu \no surajfo ijyor jfts js j fjtjiyst aer tno nojib`m jmo`t, fjusb`m bt te peiykorbzo upe` fe`tjft Kbfrevjsfuijr `otwerc okdollol b` tno sudstrjto ijyor fjrryb`m tno nojib`m jmo`t
Tosbluo nojib`m jmo`t ropjbrb`m frjfcs
TOAOTO@FOV :.
Djbioy j`l Ievo‒s Vnert toxtdeec ea surmory
4.
Vfnwjrtz‒s Vfnwjrtz‒ s Xrb`fbpio ea Vurmory
6.
www.kolsfjpo.fek
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www.sfrbdl.fek
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www.pudkol.fek
1.
www.ktpsj.fek
=.
Oisovbor B`f.
