Sir Alex Fergusons' Best Team

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‚Oek`mbpwb~ dp ot mbebk‟ / Pd~ Oeww Nrpnt

PD^ EJB] HB^LRPFKP— NBPW WBEO

dkw~fgr`wdfk Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg* ek Bkljdpm ffwnejj `jrn nepbg ew wmb Fjg W~ef~g pwegdro dk W~ef~g* L~bewb~ Oek`mbpwb~* dp fkb f wmb ofpw pr``bpprj ekg wmb ofpw yfyrje~ `jrn dk wmb |f~jg+ Ep e `jrn* Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg mep meg e ~d`m mdpwf~t pyekkdkl of~b wmek e mrkg~bg tbe~p+ H~fo wmb Nrpnt getp wf wmb b~e f Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk* wmb ofpw pr``bpprj oekelb~ dk Rkdwbg—p mdpwf~t* wmb `jrn mep `fob e jfkl |et ~fo dwp mronjb nbldkkdklp ep Kb|wfk Mbewm J(T^ H+@+ D bjj dk jfxb |dwm Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg ep fkb pbbop wf ejj dk jfxb |dwm |fobk1 prggbkjt* dkb}yjdènjt* rk`~dwdèjjt* ldx/ dkl kf wmfrlmw wf wmb yedk f~ gdp~ry/ wdfk dw |frjg n~dkl |dwm dw+ H~fo wmb w~b/ njb dk 5444 wf wmb getp f wmb pf/èjjbg E~pbkej ekg @mbjpbe gfodkewdfk* ekg wmbk ne`c wf wmb wfy dk >99<* D mexb jerlmbg ekg `~dbg ep wmb Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg mep |fk ekg jfpw+ Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk mep è~xbg e yje`b f~ mdopbj dk wmb mdpwf~t nffcp* ep wmb ofpw pr``bpprj oekelb~ dk wmb mdp/ wf~t f wmb leob+ Fk mdp `foyjbwdfk f w|bkwt fkb tbe~p ew wmb mbjo* wmdp nffc dp e w~dnrwb wf wmb l~bewbpw oekelb~ D mexb bxb~ |dwkbppbg+ Dk dw* D y~bpbkw ek dkw~fgr`wdfk wf wmb oek* ekg b}yjf~b |mew D bbj dp mdp l~bewbpw wbeo* |md`m |ep kf poejj wepc `fkpdgb~dkl wmb urej/ dwt f yjetb~p |mf mexb yjetbg rkgb~ mdo+ ^beg fk%

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pd~ ejb} hb~lrpfk Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk dp wmb ofpw pr``bpprj oekelb~ dk N~dwdpm ffwnejj mdpwf~t ‐ |dkkdkl 5= oeaf~ w~fymdbp gr~dkl mdp wdob dk `me~lb f wmb ^bgp+ Tbw Tbw gbpydwb ejofpw w|f gbègbp ew wmb Fjg W~ef~g W~ef~g mbjo mb ~boedkp ~boe dkp f`rpbg f`rpb g fk dk`~bepdkl dk`~bepdk l wmew wejjt wejj t* n~dkldkl tbw of~b pdjxb~|e~b wf Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg+ Wmb ^bgp nfpp bkaftbg e yjetdkl è~bb~ kf~wm f wmb nf~gb~ wmew pe| mdo wecb dk pybjjp |dwm Urbbk—p Ye~c* Pw Afmkpwfkb* Grkb~ojdkb* Ljeplf| êklb~p* Hejcd~c ekg Et~ Rkdwbg+ Nrw dw dp kfw f~ mdp yjetdkl f wmb leob wmew Pd~ Ejb} |ep wf nb`fob e pr``bpp+ Hfjjf|dkl e pybjj frw f wmb leob mb ofxbg dkwf `fe`mdkl* wecdkl ry wmb ~fjb f oekelb~ f Bepw Pwd~jdklpmd~b* Pw d~jdklpmd~b* Pw Od~~bk wmbk Enb~gbbk+ Dw |ep mdp wdob ew Ydwwfg~db |mb~b mb be~kbg mdp ~byrwewdfk ep e wfy `fe`m+ Mb n~fcb wmb Ljeplf| gfod/ kek`b f P`fwwdpm ffwnejj wf jbeg Enb~gbbk wf wm~bb P`fwwdpm wdwjbp* fr~ P`fwwdpm `ryp* fkb Jbelrb @ry ekg fkb Br~fybek @ry \dkkb~p— @ry+ Hfjjf|dkl wmb pe`cdkl f ^fk Ewcdkpfk ep oekelb~ f Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg* wmb Fjg W~ef~g mdb~e~/ `mt ofxbg urd`cjt f~ mdp pb~xd`bp+ Wmbt lfw wmbd~ oek fk 8 Kfxbonb~ 54=8+

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Hb~lrpfk dkmb~dwbg e gdpyd~dwbg wbeo f rkgb~e`mdbxb~p |mf meg `fkpdpwbkwjt* wf wmbd~ pryyf~wb~p— gdp`fkwbkw* edjbg wf n~bec Jdxb~yffj—p Jdxb~yffj—p gfodkewdfk+ Pwr`c dk wmb nfwwfo fr~ f wmb Gdxdpdfk Fkb wenjb* Hb~lrpfk doobgdewbjt pbw enfrw ewwboyw/ ew wboyw/ dkl wf pwexb f wmb xb~t ~bej wm~bew f ~bjblewdfk+ \dwmfrw ~bpf~wdkl wf wmb w~ekpb~ oe~cbw* mb lrdgbg Rkdwbg ry wmb wenjb wf ekg bjbxbkwm yje`b kdpm+ Nt kf| dw |ep `jbe~ wf Hb~lrpfk wmew mb e`bg e oeaf~ afn dk wr~kdkl wmb `jrn e~frkg+ Rkdwbg |b~b ek bkwb~wedkdkl bkw b~wedkdkl pdgb nrw fkb wmew pbbobg rkenjb wf `fyb |dwm wmb of~b ymtpdèj epyb`wp f Jbelrb ffwnejj+ Dk mdp pb`fkg pbepfk wmb ^bgp e~bg nbwwb~ kdpmdkl pb`fkg nbmdkg Jdxb~yffj* nrw wmb yfpd/ wdfk yedkwbg e ejpb yd`wr~b+ Wmb wr~kdkl yfdkw èob dk wmb 54=4&49 pbepfk+ Hfjjf|dkl e ~rk f leobp dk |md`m wmb ^bgp |b~b g~e|k e|et dk bxb~t ~frkg* Rkdwbg yd`cbg ry wmbd~ ~pw pdjxb~|e~b f wmb Hb~lrpfk b~e+ Jbb Oe~wdk p`f~dkl wmb fkjt lfej dk e kej ~byjet eledkpw @~tpwej Yeje`b wf dk wmb HE @ry+ Wmdp ~pw w~fymt fybkbg wmb hffg lewbp+ Wmb Br~fybek @ry \dkkb~p— @ry |ep |fk wmb fjjf|dkl pbepfk dk ^fwwb~geo* Ne~`bjfke gbbewbg >/5 wmekcp wf e n~e`b ~fo Oe~c Mrlmbp+ Wmbk dk 5445&9> wmb Jbelrb @ry |ep eggbg wf Rkdwbg—p jdpw f mfkfr~p+ Pegjt wmb wdwjb ~boedkbg bjrpdxb+ Dw |ep wmb Mfjt L~edj wf Rkdwbg ekp* wmb >8 `meoydfkpmdyp ~bb tbe~p nbdkl b}e`b~newbg nt Jdxb~yffj—pp gfodkek`b f wmb gfobpwd` ekg Br~fybek leob+ Jdxb~yffj— Dk 544>&40 wmb jfkl |edw f~ wmb Jbelrb `meoydfkpmdy èob


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wf ek bkg+ Wmb ^bgp* dkpyd~bg nt 5o pdlkdkl B~d` @ekwfke* ydyydkl Epwfk Xdjje dk wmb kej |bbcp f wmb pbepfk+ Wmb pme`cjbp |b~b n~fcbk1 wmb gfrnjb fjjf|bg dk 5440&47* wmb gfrnjb/Gfr/ njb -|dwm ”cdgp—$ dk 5442&48* ekg ek/ fwmb~ wdwjb dk 544<+ Hdkejjt Rkdwbg |b~b oew`mdkl f/bjg odlmw |dwm fk/bjg pr``bpp+ Jdxb~yffj—p gfodkek`b |ep |bjj ekg w~rjt fxb~+ Pd~ Ejb}—p Ejb}—p l~bewbpw e`mdbxbobkw èob dk 544=&44+ Kf pdgb nbf~b f~ pdk`b mep e`mdbxbg e w~bnjb merj f Y~bodb~pmdy wdwjb* HE @ry ekg Br~fybek @ry+ Fk ek rkf~lbwwenjb kdlmw dk Ne~`bjfke mdp gb`dpdfk wf wm~f| fk prnpwdwrwbp Wbggt Pmb~dklmeo ekg Fjb Lrkke~ Pfjpcaeb~ eppr~bg mdpwf~t |ep oegb+ Wmb yed~ p`f~dkl dkar~t/wdob lfejp wf |dk wmb @meoydfkp Jbelrb ekg `foyjbwb wmb w~bnjb+ Hb~lrpfk |ep ckdlmwbg fjjf|dkl wmew pr``bpp ekg pfob prllbpwbg mb pmfrjg ~bwd~b* nbjdbxdkl mdp gbpd~b |frjg |ekb fjjf|dkl wmb ~bejdpewdfk f e g~beo+ Kfw e ndw f dw+ Ekfwmb~ wdwjb fjjf|bg dk 5444&>999 ekg mb oegb dw wm~bb/dk/ ~f| dk >999&95+ Mdp bdlmwm ~bodb~pmdy

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grjt e~~dxbg dk >99>&903 mdp fr~wm HE @ry e tbe~ jewb~ èob eledkpw Odjj|ejj dk @e~gd+ Wmb ^bgp meg nt kf| bkwb~bg e yb~dfg f ~bnrdjgdkl+ Wmb pdgb f mfobl~f|k yjetb~p mb—g ~pw yrw wflbwmb~ dk 5442&48 |ep kf| n~becdkl ry ekg mb—g ~b`~rdwbg kb| pwe~p jdcb \etkb ^ffkbt ekg @~dpwdekf ^fkejgf* n~frlmw dk wf pye~c e kb| b~e f pr``bpp+ Wmb ~bnrdjgdkl yedg f |dwm xd`wf~t dk wmb @e~jdkl @ry dk >992&98 ekg e kdkwm Y~bodb~pmdy w~fymt dk >998&9<+ Ekg wmb pr``bpp jffcp pbw wf `fkwdkrb* |dwm Pd~ Ejb} p|ffydkl f~ wm~bb yjetb~p / H@ Yf~wf—p Ekgb~pfk* Pyf~wdkl Jdpnfk—p Kekd ekg Netb~k Orkd`m—p Orkd`m—p F|bk Me~l~bexbp / dk Oet >99< wf nfj/ pwb~ ek ej~begt pw~fkl pdgb+ \dwm wmb Y~bodb~pmdy ne`c ew Fjg W~ef~g* wmb ewwbkwdfk kf| |djj wr~k wf Br~fyb |mb~b Pd~ Ejb} mfybp wf |dk mdp pb`fkg @meoydfkp Jbelrb w~fymt dk >99<&9=+

.Ot l~bewbpw `mejjbklb dp kfw |mew,p meyybkdkl ew wmb ofobkw* ot l~bewbpw `mejjbklb |ep ckf`c/ dkl Jdb~yffj ~dlmw f wmbd~ r`cdkl yb~`m+ Ekg tfr èk y~dkw wmew+. / Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk ~bpyfkgdkl wf Ejek Mekpbk urbpwdfkdkl Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk—p rwr~b ep Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg oekelb~ dk Pbywbonb~ >99> dk wmb Lre~gdek


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wmb nbpw wbeo lfejcbbyb~ Ybwb~ P`modb`mbj

gbhbkgb~p Gbkdp D~|dk Aeey Pweo ^df Hb~gdekg Le~t Kbxdjjb

@EKWFKE

^FFKBT

odghdbjgb~p ^tek Ldllp ^ft Cbekb Yerj P`mfjbp Gexdg Nb`cmeo

pw~dcb~p

LDLLP

NB@CMEO CBEKB

B~d` @ekwfke \etkb ^ffkbt

P@MFJBP

prnpwdwrwbp Xek Gb~ Pe~ Pwbxb N~r`b N~tek ^fnpfk @~dpwdekf ^fkejgf Fjb Pfjpcaè~

D^\DK

KBXDJJB PWEO

HB^GDKEKG

P@MOBD@MBJ

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ybwb~ p`modb`mbj Wmdp mrjcdkl lr~b ‐ fkb |mf |ep pbbodkljt f~bxb~ ne~cdkl frw f~gb~p ew mdp gbbk`b ‐ dp e~lrenjt wmb nbpw w~ekp/ b~ gbej Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk bxb~ pw~r`c+ Wmb nfpp yedg arpw 229*999 wf N~fkg/ nt f~ wmb >< tbe~/fjg Gekdpm dkwb~ke/ wdfkej dk Erlrpw 5445+ Dw |ep ffwnejj—p burdxejbkw f getjdlmw ~fnnb~t1 |dwmdk e tbe~ P`mobd`mbj ekg mdp `foyew~dfwp meg pw~r`c lfjg dk wmb 544> Br~fybek @meoydfkpmdyp* ldxbk e wfr~keobkw |djg è~g ep e jepw/odkrwb ~byje`bobkw f~ `dxdj |e~/wf~k Trlfpjexde+ Pr``bpp fk wmb dkwb~kewdfkej pwelb ‐ P`mobd`mbj oegb w|f `f~cdkl pexbp dk wmb kej ‐ |ep `jbe~jt kf hepm dk wmb yek+ Ekt l~bew wbeo pwe~wp ~fo pfjdg frkgewdfkp* ekg dw |ep doobgdewbjt fnxdfrp wmew kfkb |b~b of~b pfjdg wmek P`mobd`mbj+ Mdp bdlmw pbepfkp ew Fjg W~ef~g |b~b g~dyydkl dk lfjg1 wmb Br~fybek @ry ekg Pryb~ @ry* xb Y~b/ odb~pmdy wdwjbp* wm~bb HE @ryp ekg wmb Jbelrb @ry* ep |bjj ep fr~ @me~dwt Pmdbjg pr``bppbp+



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Urdwb pdoyjt* pdoyjt* P`mobd`mbj |ep fwbk rknbewenjb+ rknbewe njb+ \dwm epwfk/ dpmdkl eldjdwt f~ mdp 8w 7dk ~eob mb `frjg pwfy pmfwp ~fo ejj ekljbp* pwetdkl fk mdp wfbp rkwdj wmb jepw ofobkw+ Mb |ep burejjt `fkgbkw `jedodkl `~fppbp ekg `frjg pbw ry |exb e/ wb~ |exb f ewwe`cp |dwm mdp ~boe~cenjb gdpw~dnrwdfk* fwbk nf|jdkl wmb nejj 29 te~gp wf e wbeo/oewb—p wbeo/oewb—p bbw+ Ekg mb |ep e wm~bew ry ~fkw* wff% Mb mfjgp wmb gdpwdk`wdfk f e Br~fybek B r~fybek lfej f~ wmb ^bgp wf mdp `~bgdw* mbegdkl mfob eledkpw ^fwf~ Xfjlfl~eg dk wmb RBHE @ry dk 5442&48 wf y~bpb~xb wmb `jrn—p wmbk rknbewbk mfob Br~fybek ~b`f~g+ P`mobd`mbj jbw Rkdwbg fk wmb rjwdoewb mdlm+ @eywedk dk wmb enpbk`b f wmb prpybkgbg ^ft Cbekb* mb jbg wmb pdgb wf ljf~t ew wmb Kfr @eoy dk wmb 5444 @meoydfkp Jbelrb kej+ E w~rjt dkpyd~ewdfkej lr~b* mb ~boedkp e eodjde~ e`b dk Oek`mbpwb~ ‐ ekg mdp pfk Cepyb~ dp e lfejcbbyb~ lfejcbbyb ~ fk @dwt—p @dwt—p nffcp+

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PD^ EJB] HB^LRPFKP HB^LRPFKP—— NBPW WBEO

gbkdp d~|dk

Fkb f wmb ofgb~k Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg l~bewp* Gbkdp D~|dk—p è~bb~ |ep fkb f pwbegt y~fl~bppdfk wf wmb ndllbpw pwelb f~ `jrn ekg `frkw~t ‐ |mb~b mb y~fxbg e kewr~ej* d fwbk rkgb~~ewbg yb~f~ob~* fb~dkl pwb~jdkl pb~xd`b ew jbw/ne`c* |dwm e cbbk btb f~ lfej+ Wmb f~ob~ Jbbgp Rkdwbg w~edkbb |ep e 8>2*999 èywr~b ~fo Fjgmeo Ewmjbwj` dk 5449* mexdkl doy~bppbg gr~dkl wmew tbe~—p byd` HE @ry pbod/kej wrppjb eledkpw wmb ^bgp+ Mdp ~pw pbepfk |dwm Rkdwbg* 5449&45* y~bpelbg nt e \f~jg @ry ure~wb~/kej |dwm Ae`c @me~jwfk—p rkek`dbg ^byrnd` f D~bjekg* `rjodkewbg dk Br~fybek @ry \dkkb~p— @ry ljf~t dk ^fwwb~geo+ Nrw dw |ep wmb 544>&40 @meoydfkpmdy/|dkkdkl pbepfk dk |md`m D~|dk ~bejjt bpwenjdpmbg mdopbj+ Bxb~/y~bpbkw* mb |bdlmbg dk |dwm xb lfejp* `mdb eofkl wmbo e 09/te~g nbjwb~ eledkpw @fxbkw~t @dwt+ @dwt+


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Mb |ep wmb pfjdwe~t bxb~/y~bpbkw gr~/ dkl wmb Gfrnjb/|dkkdkl èoyedlk f 5440&47* ekg |ep e `f~kb~pwfkb f wmb pdgb wmew ~bybewbg wmb bew dk 5448+ Hf~`bg wf odpp odp p wmb HE @ry jbl f 5444—p 5444—p W~bnjb wm~frlm prpybkpdfk* mb |ep ne`c f~ wmb Kfr @eoy @meoydfkp Jbelrb pmf|gf|k |dwm Netb~k Orkd`m* oec/ dkl e of`cb~t f mdp 07 tbe~p+ Hr~wmb~ wdwjb gbbgp fjjf|bg dk >999 ‐ Gbkdp èjjdkl wdob fk mdp dkwb~kewdfkej è~bb~ wf y~fjfkl mdp gfobpwd` rwr~b+ E 299wm eyybe~ek`b f~ wmb ^bgp e~/ ~dxbg gr~dkl mdp 59wm tbe~ f pb~xd`b dk >995 ‐ wwdkljt bkfrlm fk Pw Yew/ ~d`c—p Get* |mbk mb pcdyyb~bg wmb pdgb wf mfob xd`wf~t fxb~ Jbd`bpwb~ @dwt+ Mb |ep ldxbk wmb e~onekg eledk f~ wmb kej mfob leob eledkpw Gb~nt @frkwt ‐ ekg mfdpwbg wmb w~fymt ‐ mdp pbxbkwm wdwjb+ Mexdkl b}wbkgbg mdp fkb/tbe~ gbej nt ekfwmb~ 5> ofkwmp* mb bxbkwrejjt n~frlmw wmb `r~wedk gf|k fk e ljdwwb~/ dkl 5> tbe~p eledkpw @me~jwfk Ewmjbwd` ew Fjg W~ef~g dk Oet >99>+ Mb ~b/ oedkp Rkdwbg—p pb`fkg ofpw/gb`f~ewbg yjetb~* |dwm 50 |dkkb~—p obgejp+

Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg ekp ~bb~~bg wf Gbkdp D~|dk ep O~+ Gbybkgenjb+

5>


~df hb~gdkekg E~obg |dwm bjblek`b* ye`b ekg ek dk`~bgdnjb ~begdkl f wmb leob* ^df Hb~gdkekg dp rkgfrnwbgjt fkb f wmb kbpw gb/ bkgb~p dk |f~jg ffwnejj+ Wmb Yb`cmeo/nf~k pwe~ nr~pw fkwf wmb Y~bodb~pmdy p`bkb |dwm \bpw Meo Rkdwbg rkgb~ wmb lrdgek`b f Me~~t ^bg/ ckeyy nbf~b nbdkl pkeyybg ry nt Jbbgp Rkdwbg f~ 5=odj/ jdfk dk Kfxbonb~ >999+ Wmb >99> \f~jg @ry y~fxdgbg ^df |dwm wmb pwelb wf oecb wmb w~ekpf~oewdfk ~fo nrggdkl wejbkw wf e``foyjdpmbg gbbkgb~* ekg mdp yb~f~oek`bp dk Aeyek `fkxdk`bg Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk wf ye~w |dwm e oeppdxb 09odjjdfk+ Ejwmfrlm dkdwdejjt meoyb~bg nt dkar~t ekg jfpp f f~o* ^df frkg mdp bbw wf|e~gp wmb bkg f mdp ~pw pbepfk* ep Rkdwbg èob ne`c ~fo wmb gbeg wf fxb~wecb E~pbkej ekg |dk wmbd~ wbbkwm Jbelrb wdwjb+


50

Dk Pbywbonb~ >990 gdpepwb~ pw~r`c+ Wmb gbbkgb~ odppbg e ~frwdkb g~rlp wbpw ekg* gbpydwb eyybejdkl* |ep nekkbg ~fo ffwnejj f~ = ofkwmp dk Aekre~t >997+ Pdk`b ~bwr~kdkl ~fo mdp prpybkpdfk* ^df mep `fkpdpwbkwjt arp/ wdbg mdp wel ep e |f~jg/`jepp gbbkgb~ gbbkgb ~+ Mb ejpf ~bgdp`fxb~bg mdp lfej wfr`m* ofpw g~eoewdèjjt |dwm ek dkar~t/wdob |dkkb~ eledkpw Jdxb~yffj dk Aekre~t >998+ Ejwmfrlm ek dk`~bepdkljt yfwbkw wm~bew ~fo pbw/ydb`bp* ^df—p oedk eppbw ~boedkp mdp jbegb~pmdy dk gbbk`b ‐ e pcdjj wmew mep oegb mdo e pfjdg frkgewdfk f~ nfwm Rkdwbg ekg Bkljekg+

‚D,b mbe~g ybfyjb pet dw jffcp ep d D gfk,w è~b ekg D,b `b~wedkjt ~beg wmew* nrw wmb |et D yjet dp kewr/ ~ej+ D gfk,w wmdkc D èk `meklb dw+ D ckf| D,o |f~cdkl ep me~g ep wmb kb}w oek* bbk d dw gfbpk,w ej|etp jffc wmew |et+‟ / ^df Hb~gdkekg

57


aeey pweo Nt mdp f|k egodppdfk* Aeey Pweo bjw wmb 59+<2 odjjdfk Rkdw/ bg yedg YPX Bdkgmfxbk f~ mdp pb~xd`bp dk wmb proob~ f 544= |ep ek ‚enpr~g‟ eofrkw f ofkbt+ ofkbt+ Nrw wmbk wmb Grw`moek |ep e ~boe~cenjb wejbkw+ E \f~jg @ry pbod/kejdpw |dwm Mfj/ jekg wmew tbe~* mb egeywbg wf Bkljdpm ffwnejj |dwm epwfkdpm/ dkl pybbg* wmb gbbkpdxb ~f`c fk |md`m Rkdwbg—p W~bnjb pr`/ `bpp |ep nrdjw+ Doyfpdkl ekg pmexbk/mbegbg* Pweo— Pweo—pp orp`rje~ ymtpdurb ‐ ejj 8w 0dk ekg 57 pwfkb f dw ‐ prllbpwbg kfwmdkl pf or`m ep ek fjg/epmdfkbg n~rdpb~* tbw wmdp |ep e yjetb~ p`mffjbg dk wmb w~egdwdfkej Grw`m obwmfgp* fkb |mf `frjg `~bewb ep |bjj ep gbpw~ft ewwe`cp+ êwmb~ wmek `foodw mdopbj wf ~dpct we`cjbp* Pweo—p yewdbk`b ekg endjdwt wf ~beg pdwrewdfkp |bjj bkenjbg mdo wf g~dxb pw~dc/ b~p dkwf njdkg ejjbtp* fwbk nt gdkw f mdp mrlb pw~bklwm+ Ek rkgb~/~ewbg nejj/yjetb~ wff* mb urd`cjt bkgbe~bg mdo wf wmb Fjg W~ef~g edwmrj ewb~ e b| be~jt wbbwmdkl y~fnjbop ekg mdp endjdwt wf gfxbwedj kbewjt |dwm e mfpw f ~blrje~jt `mekldkl ye~wkb~p |ep ekfwmb~ doy~bppdxb epyb`w f mdp leob+ Gr~dkl wmb W~bnjb/|dkkdkl pbepfk ‐ ek epwfkdpmdkl e`mdbxbobkw f~


52

mdp ~pw èoyedlk dk Bkljdpm ffwnejj ‐ mb pme~bg `bkw~ej gbbkpdxb grwdbp |dwm Mbkkdkl Nb~l* ^fkkt Afmkpbk* Ymdj Kbxdjjb ekg Gexdg Oet+ Mdp pwb~jdkl yb~f~oek`bp pe| mdo xfw/ bg Br~fybek gbbkgb~ f wmb tbe~ nt RBHE -mb ~bybewbg wmb bew wmb fjjf|/ dkl tbe~$ ekg dk e yfjj f Y~bodb~pmdy oekelb~p* mb |ep keobg wmb yjetb~ ofpw |frjg jdcb wf pdlk+ Pweo— Pw eo—pp wdob ew ew Fjg W~ef~g oet mexb nbbk pmf~w ‐ mb pwetbg f~ arpw wm~bb pbepfkp nbf~b e pr~y~dpb p|dw`m wf Jeqdf ‐ nrw dw |ep p|bbw+ Mb fjjf|bg wmb W~bnjb W~bnjb |dwm Y~b/ Y~b/ odb~pmdy pr``bppbp dk >999 ekg >995 ekg obkwdfk f mdp keob pwdjj `fkar~bp ry pfob f wmb l~bew Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdw/ bg obof~dbp+

58

le~t kbxdjjb Le~t Kbxdjjb nbjfklp wf ek bjdwb l~fry f yjetb~p |mf mexb pcdyyb~bg wmb ^bgp wf wmb Y~bodb~pmdy wdwjb+ Hfjjf|dkl fk ~fo N~tek ^fnpfk* Pwbxb N~r`b* B~d` @ekwfke ekg ^ft Cbekb* Kbxdjjb ~be/ jdpbg e jdbjfkl g~beo ep mb nbèob wmb wm Rkdwbg èywedk wf jdw wmb Y~b/ odb~pmdy w~fymt fjjf|dkl wmb ^bgp— ~b/ `f~g kdkwm w~droym ew wmb bkg f wmb >998&9< èoyedlk+ Wmb fkjt ~bej gdpeyyfdkwobkw wf nb wec/ bk ~fo Rkdwbg—p wm~djjdkl wdwjb `me~lb |ep wmb e`w wmew wmb ^bgp— |b~b odpp/ dkl wmbd~ dkpyd~ewdfkej èywedk f~ wmb kej pwelbp f wmb èoyedlk+ Kbxdjjb prb~bg ekcjb jdleobkw geoelb arpw 55 odkrwbp dkwf wmb xdpdw f Nfjwfk wf Fjg W~ef~g fk 5< Oe~`m >99<* ek eyybe~/ ek`b wmew |ep wf nb mdp jepw f wmb pbe/ pfk+ Nrw d mb |epk—w enjb wf dkhrbk`b oewwb~p fk wmb ydw`m* tfr èk nb pr~b mdp y~bpbk`b |ep bjw dk wmb g~bppdkl ~ffop ekg ~fo wmb pwekgp+ Kf/fkb* nrw kf/fkb* |ekwp Rkdwbg wf |dk of~b wmek Le~t Kbxdjjb+ Wmb gbbkgb~* |mf mep oegb fxb~ 299 eyybe~ek`bp dk e Rkdwbg pmd~w* |ep mekgbg wmb e~onekg gr~dkl wmb >992&98 pbepfk fjjf|dkl ^ft Cbekb—p



5<

gbye~wr~b+ Nbdkl fkb f Rkdwbg—p ofpw `fkpdpwbkw ekg `fo/ odwwbg yb~f~ob~p pdk`b bpwenjdpmdkl mdopbj dk wmb pdgb dk 5447&42* Kbxdjjb |ep e kewr~ej `mfd`b+ Mb bkwb~p bxb~t leob ~brpdkl wf `fkwboyjewb gbbew+ Wmb ekp jfxb mdo f~ dw+ Mdp mbe~w fk mdp pjbbxb eyy~fe`m e yy~fe`m gfbpk—w bkgbe~ mdo wf bxb~tfkb* mf|bxb~ ‐ kfwenjt wmb ffwnejj er/ wmf~dwdbp+ Mdp neglb/`jbk`mdkl `bjbn~ewdfk fjjf|dkl ^df Hb~/ gdkekg—pp jepw/odkrwb |dkkb~ eledkpw Jdxb~yffj ew Fjg W~ef~g gdkekg— W~ef~g dk Aekre~t >998 pe| mdo `me~lbg |dwm doy~fyb~ `fkgr`w nt wmb HE ekg kbg 2999+ Wmb~b |ep kf pr`m `bkpr~b f~ Le~t—p kb}w mdlm/y~fjb `bj/ bn~ewdfk ‐ ew wmb >998 @e~jdkl @ry Hdkej+ Mb jdwbg mdp ~pw w~fymt ep èywedk ekg `fjjb`wbg wmb fkb gfobpwd` obgej wmew meg bjrgbg mdo dk mdp è~bb~+ è~bb~+ Xfèj ekg gbwb~odkbg* mb ldxbp mdp ejj dk bxb~t leob* gboekgdkl wmb peob ~fo mdp wbeo/ oewbp+ Kf b}`rpbp+

‚Le~t mep nbbk ew Rkdwbg ejj mdp jdb* mb—p nbbk w~bobkgfrp+ Mb—p `fob wm~frlm wmb tfrwm ptp/ wbo ekg |fk bb~t mfkfr~+‟ / Ejb} Pwbykbt

5=


~tek ldllp ^tek Ldllp dp wmb `jrn—p `jrn—p ofpw gb`f~ewbg yjetb~ |dwm 5= oeaf~ mfkfr~p* tbw mb odlmw kbxb~ mexb l~e`bg Fjg W~ef~g meg dw kfw nbbk f~ Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk—p dkwb~xbkwdfk+ @e~gd/nf~k Ldllp |ep ewwbkgdkl Oek`mbpwb~ @dwt—p P`mffj f B}`bjjbk`b dk mdp be~jt wbbkp* nrw Pd~ Ejb} oegb e yb~pfkej xdpdw wf mdp mfrpb fk mdp 57wm nd~wmget ekg ^tek aroybg ew wmb `mek`b wf pdlk f~ mdp nftmffg `jrn+ Mb wr~kbg y~fbppdfkej ew Rkdwbg dk Kf/ xbonb~ 5449+ Mb oegb mdp Jbelrb gb/ nrw dk wmb fjg Gdxdpdfk Fkb eledkpw Bxb~/ wfk ew Fjg W~ef~g W~ef~g fk > Oe~`m 5445 ep e prnpwdwrwb f~ Gbkdp D~|dk+ Wmb fjjf|/ dkl pbepfk mdp ~pw Jbelrb pwe~w y~fxbg e obof~enjb f`èpdfk* p`f~dkl mdp ~pw bxb~ Rkdwbg lfej -ejnbdw xde e gbhb`wdfk$ dk e 5/9 |dk fxb~ Oek`mbpwb~ @dwt @dwt++ Dkar~t wf Jbb Pme~yb bkenjbg Ldllp wf ydk gf|k e ~blrje~ yje`b ew wmb pwe~w f wmb 5445&4> èoyedlk* wmekcp wf mdp obpob~dpdkl g~dnnjdkl pcdjjp ekg njdpwb~/ dkl ye`b+ Mdp ~pw w~fymt e~~dxbg dk Ey~dj 544> ep Rkdwbg nbew Kfwwdklmeo Hf~bpw dk wmb Jbelrb @ry kej* ekg wmb fj/ jf|dkl pbepfk pe| Ldllp `jedo wmb ~pw f mdp ~b`f~g kdkb Y~bodb~pmdy |dkkb~p— obgejp+


54

Mdp doy~bppdxb w~fymt merj ejpf `fkwedkp Br~fybek @ry* Br~f/ ybek Pryb~ @ry ekg Dkwb~/@fkwdkbkwej @ry |dkkb~p— obgejp* |mdjb mb mep yjetbg e ye~w dk fr~ f Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk—p xb HE @ry w~droymp+ Wmb y~bpwdldfrp `ry `foybwdwdfk |djj f~/ bxb~ nb ptkfktofrp |dwm wmb ^bgp |dklb~ ewb~ mdp pryb~n pfjf bf~w dk wmb pbod/kej ~byjet eledkpw E~pbkej ew Xdjje Ye~c dk Ey~dj 5444+ ^tek Ldllp nellbg mdp 599wm è~bb~ lfej dk wmb >/> g~e| |dwm @mbjpbe ew Pweof~g N~dglb dk >99>* |mdjb mb nbèob

fkjt wmb pb`fkg bxb~ yjetb~ wf yjet <99 leobp f~ Rkdwbg |mbk mb mbjybg wmb ^bgp wf e g~eoewd` 5/9 |dk fxb~ Jdxb~/ yffj ew Ekbjg dk Oe~`m >99<+ Wmb \bjpm èywedk yjetbg e pdlkdèkw ~fjb dk Rkdwbg—p >998&9< wdwjb/|dkkdkl pbepfk+ Dw |ep e ~b`f~g kdkwm w~droym f~ Ldllp ekg bglbg mdo embeg f y~bxdfrp ~b`f~g mfjgb~ Ejek Mekpbk* |mf p`ffybg bdlmw wdwjbp gr~dkl mdp Jdxb~yffj getp+

>9


yerj p`mfjbp Tfr—xb lfw wf mexb pfobwmdkl y~bwwt pyb`dej d tfr èk oecb wmb l~bew Nfnnt @me~jwfk yr~~ |dwm pewdpe`wdfk+ Ekg pdk`b mb eyybe~bg fk wmb p`bkb ep e wbbkelb~ dk wmb odg/5449p* ye~w f wmb kb| |exb f Fjg W~ef~g wejbkw wmew rpmb~bg dk Gexdg Nb`cmeo ekg wmb Kbxdjjb n~fwmb~p* P`mfjbpt mep nbbk `~r`dej wf wmb ^bgp— pr``bppbp+ Mb p`f~bg w|d`b fk mdp gbnrw dk wmb Jbelrb @ry ew Yf~w Xejb dk 5447&42 ‐ ekg fk mdp ~pw Jbelrb frwdkl eledkpw Dyp|d`m ‐ ekg gdgk—w jffc ne`c+ E mfpw f lfjgbk pbepfkp ew Fjg W~ef~g dk`jrgb 5442&48—p Gfrnjb/|dkkdkl èoyedlk* kdpmdkl pb`fkg nbmdkg B~d` @ekwfke dk wmb p`f~dkl `me~wp |dwm 573 mb |ep e `f~kb~pwfkb `f~ kb~pwfkb f 5444—p 5444—p W~bnjb/|dkkb~p* W~bnjb/|dkkb~p* ejwmfrlm prpybkpdfk ~rjbg mdo frw f wmb @meoydfkp Jbelrb kej* ekg dk Rkdwbg—p Y~bodb~pmdy pr``bpp dk >990* mdp >9/lfej merj |ep xdwej+ Kbew ekg `foye`w* |dwm ek bxb~ bxb~/dkgrpw~dfrp /dkgrpw~dfrp |f~c~ewb* e odp/ yje`bg P`mfjbp yepp ~boedkp fkb f wmb ~e~bpw pdlmwp dk wmb ofgb~k leob+ Mdp pryb~n btb f~ lfej ekg jewb ~rkp ~fo odgbjg ejpf pb~xbg mdp `frkw~t pryb~njt fk 88 f`èpdfkp+


>5

Yb~pdpwbkw btb w~frnjb cbyw wmb oek wmb ekp grnnbg wmb ”Ldklb~ Y~dk`b— frw f e`wdfk f~ e je~lb ye~w f >992&98* nrw mb nr~pw ne`c fkwf mb p`bkb gr~dkl wmb >998&9< wdwjb/|dkkdkl èoyedlk* yjet/ dkl e cbt ~fjb dk mbjydkl wmb ^bgp ~b/ `jedo wmb Y~bodb~pmdy `~f|k+ Yb~pfkej mdlmjdlmwp dk`jrgbg mdp fybkb~ dk wmb >/9 |dk fxb~ Jdxb~yffj dk F`wfnb~ >998 ekg e xfjjbt f wmb mdlmbpw èjdn~b dk wmb 0/9 |dk ew Epwfk Xdjje w|f ofkwmp jewb~* jewb~* |md`m be~kbg mdo wmb Lfej f wmb Pbe/ pfk E|e~g ew wmb `jrn—p Yjetb~ E|e~gp `b~bofkt+ Mdp `fkw~dnrwdfk |ep ~b`flkdpbg nt yjetb~p ekg y~bpp ejdcb / mb kdpmbg wmd~g dk wmb YHE Yjetb~ f wmb Tbe~ èw/ blf~t ekg fr~wm dk wmb Hffwnejj \~dw/ b~p— xfwb / nfwm f |md`m |b~b |fk nt wbeo/oewb @~dpwdekf ^fkejgf+ Kf| dk wmb wfy pbxbk mdlmbpw bxb~ ey/ ybe~ek`b oecb~p ekg wmb wfy w|bjxb mdlmbpw lfejp`f~b~p ew wmb `jrn* P`mfjbp dp* dkgdpyrwenjt* dkgdpyrwenjt* fkb f wmb kbpw wejbkwp dk Rkdwbg— Rk dwbg—pp mdpwf~t+ md pwf~t+

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~ft cbekb ^ft Cbekb bydwfodpbg wmb rk|exb~dkl pyd~dw ekg gbpd~b wf pr``bbg Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg pwekgp f~+ Wmb @f~c/nf~k odg/ bjgb~ nblek mdp è~bb~ |dwm @fnm êonjb~p* N~dek @jfrlm wffc mdo wf Kfwwdklmeo Hf~bpw nbf~b mb `foyjbw/ bg e wmbk/~b`f~g 0+<2 odjjdfk p|dw`m wf Fjg W~ef~g W~ef~g dk wmb proob~ f 5440+ Wmb ljegdewf~dej Cbekb |fk wmb ~pw f pbxbk Y~bodb~pmdy obgejp wmew pbepfk* eggdkl e Br~fybek @ry* Dkwb~`fkwdkbk/ wej @ry ekg fr~ HE @ry |dkkb~p— obg/ ejp ejfkl wmb |et+ Mb wffc fxb~ wmb Rkdwbg èywedk`t ~fo B~d` @ekwfke ew wmb pwe~w f wmb 544<&4= èoyedlk* nrw mdp pbepfk |ep `rw pmf~w nt e `~r`dewb ckbb jdleobkw dkar~t prp/ wedkbg dk e we`cjb |dwm Jbbgp— Ej/Dklb Meejekg ew Bjjekg ^feg dk Pbywbonb~ 544<+ Wmb 544=&44 pbepfk pe| Cbekb b}yb~dbk`b e ~eklb f od}bg f~wrkbp+ Fk mdp |et wf jbegdkl Rkdwbg wf wmbd~ mdpwf~d` W~bnjb* e pbkgdkl/f dk wmb HE @ry pbod/kej ~byjet xd`wf~t fxb~ E~/ pbkej |ep fjjf|bg nt e tbjjf| è~g gr~dkl e~lrenjt mdp l~bewbpw gdpyjet dk e ^bg pmd~w dk wmb @meoydfkp Jbelrb


>0

pbod/kej pb`fkg jbl eledkpw Arxbkwrp* f~`dkl mdo wf odpp wmew rkf~lbwwenjb kdlmw dk Ne~`bjfke |mbk Rkdwbg |b~b `~f|kbg Br~fybek `meoydfkp+ Epdgb ~fo mdp dkhrbkwdej gdpyjetp f~ Rkdwbg* Cbekb / |mf p`ffybg Hffwnejjb~ f wmb Tbe~ Tbe~ ekg Yjetb~p— Yjetb~ f wmb Tbe~ e|e~gp dk >999 / y~fxbg ek dkpyd~ewdfk wf mdp `frkw~t+ Hfj/ jf|dkl D~bjekg—p edjr~b wf urejdt f~ wmb >998 kejp* Cbekb ekkfrk`bg mdp dkwb~kewdfkej ~bwd~bobkw+ Mb |ep pwdjj frw f e`wdfk fk H~dget 54 Kfxbonb~ |mbk Oek/ `mbpwb~ Rkdwbg dpprbg e pwewbobkw wm~frlm OekRwg+`fo gb/ `je~dkl wmew Cbekb—p Fjg W~ef~g è~bb~ |ep fxb~+ Wmb ^bgp meg ~be`mbg el~bbobkw |dwm Cbekb wf bkg mdp `fkw~e`w do/ obgdewbjt** bkenjdkl mdo wf afdk @bjwd`+ ‚\mdjpw dw dp e peg get obgdewbjt f~ ob wf jbexb pr`m e l~bew `jrn ekg oekelb~ D nbjdbxb wmb wdob mep kf| `fob f~ ob wf ofxb fk*‟ pedg ^ft fk wmb get f mdp gbye~wr~b+ Pd} ofkwmp ewb~ afdkdkl @bjwd` ekg mbjydkl wmbo pb`r~b wmb P`fwwdpm Y~bodb~ Jbelrb wdwjb ekg P`fwwdpm Jbelrb @ry* Cbekb ekkfrk`bg mdp ~bwd~bobkw ~fo y~fbp/ pdfkej ffwnejj fk 5> Arkb >998 fjjf|dkl obgdèj egxd`b ekg |ep keobg oekelb~ f Prkgb~jekg dk Erlrpw >998+

‚Hedj wf y~bye~b* y~bye~b wf edj+‟ / Cbekb fk mdp y~fbppdfkej ewwdwrgb

>7

gexdg nb`cmeo E gbègb pybkw oe~ergdkl ry Rkdwbg—p Rkdwbg—p ~dlmw |dkl `fkw~dnrwbg wf wmb ofpw pr``bpprj yb~dfg dk wmb `jrn—p mdpwf~t+ Wmb pwf~t nblek dk Arjt 5445 |mbk mb ofxbg kf~wm ~fo Jbtwfkpwfkb wf pdlk eyy~bkwd`b f~op f~ wmb ^bgp+ Mb f~obg ye~w f wmb @jepp f ”4> ejfkl |dwm Nrww* P`mfjbp ekg wmb Kbxdjjbp nrw meg wf |edw wdjj > Ey~dj* Ey~dj* 5442 f~ mdp jbelrb gbnrw+ Ewb~ wmb gbye~wr~b f Ekg~bd Cek`mbjpcdp* Nb`cmeo oegb wmb ~dlmw |dkl mdp f|k+ Wmb pbepfk bkgbg |dwm Rkdwbg |dkkdkl e pb`fkg Gfrnjb+ Nb`cmeo nblek wmb 5448&4< èo/ yedlk |dwm |dwm WMEW WMEW lfej ~fo wmb mej/ |et jdkb ew Pbjmr~pw Ye~c ekg e ofkwm jewb~ oegb mdp Bkljdekg gbnrw eledkpw Ofjgfxe+ Wmew pbepfk n~frlmw ekfwmb~ Y~bodb~pmdy obgej* nrw dk 544= E~pbkej wffc wmb wdwjb ne`c ep Nb`cmeo mbegbg f~ wmb \f~jg @ry dk H~ek`b+ E neg tbe~ |ep enfrw wf lbw e |mfjb jfw |f~pb+ He`dkl E~lbkwdke dk wmb pb`fkg ~frkg* mb |ep pbkw f f~ e frj fk Gdblf Pdo/ bfkb ekg Bkljekg |b~b ckf`cbg frw+



Of`cbg nt wmb y~bpp ekg xdjdbg nt ekp e`~fpp wmb `frkw~t* mb |ep |bj`fobg ne`c dkwf wmb e~op f wmb Rkdwbg eodjt+ Nb`cmeo ~bpyfkgbg nt p`f~dkl e w~egboe~c ~bb/cd`c eledkpw Jbd`bpwb~ @dwt dk wmb ~pw Jbelrb leob f wmb 544=&44 pbe/ pfk* ekg |bkw fk wf bkaft e èoyedlk wmew |frjg mexb nbbk nbtfkg mdp / f~ ekt fwmb~ ^bg—p / |djgbpw g~beop+++ wmb W~bnjb+ Wmb fjjf|dkl pbepfk n~frlmw mdp fr~wm Y~bodb~pmdy |dk/ kb~—p obgej ekg Nb`cmeo |ep xfwbg pb`fkg nbpw yjetb~ dk Br~fyb ekg wmb \f~jg+ >999&95 |ep ekfwmb~ Y~bodb~pmdy/ |dkkdkl pbepfk+ Nb`cmeo n~fcb mdp ffw dk e @meoydfkp Jbelrb oew`m eledkpw Gbyf~wdxf je @f~rke nrw ~b`fxb~bg dk wdob wf p`f~b e ~bgboywdxb ybkejwt eledkpw E~lbkwdke dk wmb \f~jg @ry+ Wmb >99>&90 pbepfk y~fxbg wf nb mdp kej+ Mdp ~bjewdfkpmdy |dwm Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk |ep ew e `~fpp~fegp* ekg nbèob bxbk of~b pw~edkbg fjjf|dkl ek HE @ry gbbew ew mfob wf E~pb/ kej+ Ewb~ ofkwmp f pyb`rjewdfk* Nb`cmeo oegb wmb p|dw`m wf ^bej Oeg~dg nrw kfw nbf~b yd`cdkl ry mdp wm Y~bodb~/ pmdy obgej ekg pdlkdkl f dk pwtjb |dwm e kej ~bb cd`c lfej dk mdp jepw leob eledkpw Bxb~wfk+

>2

>8


b~d` èkwfke Kf+< pmd~w `fjje~ ep pwdht ry~dlmw ep d dw meg nbbk pwe~`mbg* wmew doyb~dfrp jffc* wmbew~dèj p|ellb~ ekg yfdpb* B~d` @ek/ wfke |ep nf~k wf yjet f~ Oek`mbpwb~ Rkdwbg ‐ ekg* bxbk nbwwb~* mb |ep ydk`mbg ~fo e`~fpp wmb Ybkkdkbp wf gf pf+ Epwfkdpmdkljt* ldxbk mdp pr``bpp dk Tf~cpmd~b ekg e @me~dwt Pmdbjg mew/w~d`c eledkpw Jdxb~yffj gr~dkl wmb 544>&40 `r~wedk ~edpb~* Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk—p bkurd~t ep wf |mbwmb~ wmb ob~`r/ ~dej H~bk`moek odlmw nb f~ pejb |ep obw |dwm e kfg dk Gb/ `bonb~++ E 5+> odjjdfk gbej ‐ kf* wmew— `bonb~ wmew—pp kfw e odpy~dkw ‐ |ep y~foywjt gfkb* ekg @ekwfke |bkw wf |f~c+ Wmb kb}w fr~/ekg/e/mej pbepfkp |frjg pbb mdo pweoy mdp keob dkgbjdnjt fk wmb `jrn—p mdpwf~t* mdp mbe~w ekg pfrj pbbodkljt dk wekgbo |dwm dw1 mdp y~fymbwd` y~fkfrk`bobkwp* mdp yr~b* |bjj* H~bk`mkbpp* kgdkl e pyd~dwrej mfob fk wmb wr~ |mb~b Lbf~lb Nbpw meg pw~rwwbg mdp pwr pf oeabpwdèj/ jt w|f gbègbp be~jdb~ be~jdb~++ Wmb odppdkl ydb`b dk wmb jfkl/e|edwbg `meoydfkpmdy adl/ pe|* @ekwfke—p kdkb lfejp dk >> jbelrb leobp mbjybg n~dkl mfob wmb dkerlr~ej Y~bodb~pmdy w~fymt f 544>&40+ \dwm mdp y~fndkl y~bpbk`b* Rkdwbg |frjg edj wf |dk wmb w~fymt arpw fk`b dk wmb fjjf|dkl fr~ èoyedlkp* @ekwfke jbegdkl p`f~b~ dk w|f ekg pb`fkg dk wmb fwmb~+ Dw |epk—w arpw mdp wb`mkdèj endjdwt wmew ~bg wmb doeldkewdfk* dw |ep mdp wejdpoekd` urejdwdbp+ Mb jbg nt b}eoyjb* gbekw* kbxb~ ldxdkl dk+ Dw |ep e wm~bb/ |et ~bjewdfkpmdy nbw|bbk yjetb~* wbeo/ oewb ekg ekp ‐ d mb wmfrlmw dw |ep yfppdnjb* pf gdg tfr+


\mbk wmb HE wm~b| wmb nffc ew mdo |dwm e kdkb/ofkwm nek dk wmb 5447&42 pbepfk fjjf|dkl mdp dkeofrp Crkl/Hr pyew |dwm e @~tpwej Yeje`b ek ew Pbj/ mr~pw Ye~c* @ekwfke ~bwedkbg mdp gdlkdwt ekg gdg mdp 5>9 mfr~p— `foorkdwt pb~/ xd`b |dwm kf `foyjedkwp+ Ekg f `fr~pb* mb p`f~bg fk mdp ~bwr~k ‐ eledkpw wmb fjg bkbot Jdxb~yffj dk F`wfnb~* F`wfnb~* kbwwdkl e ybkejwt wf pejxelb e yfdkw ew Ekbjg+ \dwm @ekwfke f~`mbpw~ewdkl wmb wejbkwp f e tfrkl Gexdg Nb`cmeo ekg ^tek Ldllp* ekg ^ft Cbekb dk mdp yfoy ep odgbjg lbkb~ej* Rkdwbg y~fxbg d~~bpdpwdnjb dk 5442&48+ @ek/ wfke jbg wmb |et |dwm 54 lfejp dk ejj `foybwdwdfkp* fkb f fr~ obk wf ~be`m gfrnjb lr~bp+ Ekg dw |ep @ekwfke eledk* ~dkl wm~frlm e `~f|g p`bkb ew \bonjbt* wf pbb f Jdxb~/ yffj dk wmb HE @ry kej wf `foyjbwb e pb`fkg Gfrnjb dk wm~bb pbepfkp+ Wmew pbepfk |ep wmb ydkke`jb f mdp wdob ew Fjg W~ef~g+ Ew wmb bkg f wmb 5448&4<* ekfwmb~ wdwjb dk wmb nel* nrw |dwm wmb gdpeyyfdkwobkw f e Br~fybek pbod/kej b}dw y~fxdkl e wfrlm `~fpp wf nbe~* mb b}dwbg pwelb jbw+ Mdp gbbgp nr~k n~dlmwjt ekg |djj kbxb~ egb+ Xdxb je ~bpdpwek`b%

‚@fjje~ wr~kbg ry* ne`c pw~edlmw* `mbpw pwr`c frw* mb ljdgbg dkwf wmb e~bke ep d mb f|kbg wmb r`cdkl yje`b+ Ekt e~bke* nrw kf|mb~b of~b bb`wdbjt wmek Fjg ~ef~g+ Wdp |ep mdp pwelb+ Mb jfxbg dw* wmb `~f|g jfxbg mdo+‟ / ^ft Cbekb

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|etkb ~ffkbt \etkb ^ffkbt dp e yjetb~ dk e mr~~t+ Mb nr~pw fkwf wmb Fjg W~ef~g W~ef~g pwelb dk Pbywbonb~ >997* arpw ep mb meg nr~pw dkwf wmb Y~bodb~pmdy |dwm Bxb~wfk* ekg mep nb`fob e~lrenjt Rkdwbg—p ofpw do/ yf~wekw yjetb~+ Or`m |ep b}yb`wbg f wmb Bkljekg—p 5=/tbe~/fjg mb~f f Br~f >997 |mbk mb p|eyybg Bxb~wfk* mdp nftmffg `jrn* f~ wmb ^bgp dk Erlrpw f wmew tbe~+ Dk mdp xb~t ~pw leob ew Fjg W~ef~g mb y~fgr`bg e pwrkkdkl gdpyjet* wf njepw ek rkf~lbwwenjb gbnrw mew/w~d`c yepw e pmbjj/pmf`cbg Hbkb~nem`b+ Dw |ep e ed~twejb pwe~w wf mdp Rkdwbg è~bb~ ekg xb~t or`m e pdlk f |mew |ep wf fj/ jf|+ Nt wmb bkg f wmb >997&92 èo/ yedlk mb—g eoeppbg 5< lfejp dk 70 ey/ ybe~ek`bp+ Mb |ep ~dlmwjt keobg YHE Tfrkl Yjetb Yjetb~~ f wmb Tbe~ be~++ ^ffkbt—p pb`fkg pbepfk ew Fjg W~ef~g pe| mdo eledk wecb mrlb pw~dgbp* arp/ wdtdkl mdp ndjjdkl ep fkb f wmb |f~jg—p ofpw b}`dwdkl tfrkl wejbkwp+ Mb kbwwbg wmb ^bgp ~pw lfej f wmb pbepfk eledkpw ele dkpw Gbn~b`bkd ekg bkgbg wmb pbepfk |dwm 54 lfejp dk 7= oew`mbp+ Dw |ep e `fk/ w~dnrwdfk wmew pe| mdo keobg nfwm Pd~ Oeww Nrpnt Yjetb~ f wmb Tbe~ nt ekp ekg YHE Tfrkl Yjetb~ f wmb tbe~ -eledk$ nt mdp bjjf| y~fbppdfkejp+


Wmb tfrkl pw~dcb~ fybkjt bkgbexfr~p wf nbwwb~ mdp lfejp wejjt be`m pbepfk* ekg wmb >998&9< èoyedlk pe| ^ffkbt e`mdbxb mdp edo |dwm >0 pw~dcbp ep mb pmffc f e gd`rjw \f~jg @ry |dwm Bkljekg+ ^ffkbt—p ~bg è~g gr~dkl Bkljekg—p ure~wb~/ kej gbbew wf Yf~wrlej èrpbg e obgde pwf~o dk N~dwedk* kfw jbepw nbèrpb f wmb dkxfjxbobkw f Rkdwbg wbeo/oewb @~dpwdekf ^fkejgf* nrw \etkb ~fpb enfxb wmb `fkw~fxb~pt wf ~bldpwb~ ekfwmb~ b}`bjjbkw tbe~ ew Rkdwbg+ E jfkl lfejp`f~dkl g~frlmw |ep boymewdèjjt bkgbg |dwm e pwrkkdkl mew/w~d`c ew Nfjwfk* |mdjb gfrnwp fxb~ mdp endjdwt wf kg wmb kbw dk Br~fyb |b~b |bjj ekg w~rjt nekdpmbg ep mb kbwwbg fr~ lfejp dk wmb @meoydfkp Jbelrb jewwb~ pwelbp3 mfob ekg e|et eledkpw ^foe ekg e n~e`b ew Fjg W~ef~g eledkpw E@ Odjek+ Wmb gbxbjfyobkw f wmb oek Pd~ Ejb} gbp`~dnbp ep ‚wmb nbpw tfrkl yjetb~ D mexb pbbk dk ot wdob‟ `fkwdkrbp ew e ~ewb |md`m èrpbp bdwmb~ b}mdje~ewdfk f~ `fkpwb~kewdfk* gbybkg/ dkl fk |mf tfr pryyf~w+

>4

09

bg|dk xek gb~ pe~ Wmb Kf+5 pjfw ew Rkdwbg mep meg dwp ed~ pme~b f y~bwbkgb~p pdk`b Ybwb~ P`mob/ d`mbj xeèwbg mdp wm~fkb dk 5444* nrw wmb |djjf|t Grw`moek mep bepdjt `fob `jfpbpw wf jjdkl wmb l~bew Gekb—p pdqb/ enjb ljfxbp+ Ejwmfrlm wmb w|f gdb~ dk pwtjb ‐ P`mobd`mbj |ep* f `fr~pb* eobg f~ r~dfrpjt nbjjf|dkl ew mdp ne`c fr~ ep |bjj ep mdp n~djjdekw pexbp / Bg|dk—p b}/ yb~dbk`b ekg èjo eppr~ek`b mep rk/ gfrnwbgjt nbbk e cbt `foyfkbkw dk ~bledkdkl wmb Y~bodb~pmdy `~f|k ~fo @mbjpbe dk mdp pb`fkg pbepfk ew wmb `jrn+ W|bjxb `jbek pmbbwp dk wmb jbelrb dk |mew nbèob* wf|e~gp wmb bkg f wmb pbepfk* ek bxb~/`mekldkl ne`c fr~* dp ek doy~bppdxb bew+ Dw pe| mdo oecb wmb >99< Y~bodb~pmdy Wbeo f wmb Tbe~* ep xfwbg f~ nt mdp bjjf| y~fbppdfkejp+ Ofpw kfwenjt eofkl wmbo |ep @mbj/ pbe pwfyyb~ Ybw~ @b`m* |mf b}y~bppbg gbby egod~ewdfk f~ wmb f~ob~ Eae} ekg Hrjmeo cbbyb~—p yb~f~oek`bp dk >998&9<+ Pdlkbg f~ ek rkgdp`jfpbg pdlkdkl ~fo Hrjmeo dk wmb proob~ f >992* xek gb~ Pe~ mep n~frlmw ejj wmb |dpgfo ekg ckf|/mf| nbw|bbk wmb pwd`cp wmew tfr



05

|frjg b}yb`w wf kg ~fo e lfejcbbyb~ wmew dp mdp kewdfk—p ofpw/èyybg yjetb~ ekg e f~ob~ RBHE @ry ekg @meoydfkp Jbelrb |dkkb~ |dwm mdp f~ob~ `jrn Eae} dk wmb be~jdb~ kdkb/ wdbp+ E RBHE @ry ekg @meoydfkp Jbelrb |dkkb~ |dwm wmb Grw`m `jrn dk 544> ekg 5442* mb ejpf |fk fr~ jbelrb wdwjbp ekg wm~bb gfobpwd` `ryp |dwm wmb Eopwb~geo frww* nbf~b pybkgdkl w|f pbepfkp dk Pb~db E |dwm Arxbkwrp+ \dwm wmb e~~dxej f Ldekjrld Nrfk ew wmb Pwegdf gbjjb Ejyd wm~bewbk/ dkl mdp ~pw/wbeo `mek`bp* mb oegb e 2 odjjdfk p|dw`m wf Hrjmeo dk >995 ew wmb frwpbw f wmb Jfkgfkb~p— Y~bodb~pmdy egxbkwr~b* nrw ewb~ fr~ pbepfkp ew @~exbk @fwwelb Rkdwbg èob ckf`cdkl+ Bg|dk—p ofxb wf Oek`mbpwb~ |ep ldxbk wmb wmronp ry nt P`mobd`mbj ekg dk mdp ~pw pbepfk ew FW mb pwe~wbg ejj nrw xb f Rkdwbg—p Rkdwbg—p 28 leobp* cbbydkl ek doy~bppdxb >7 `jbek pmbbwp* dk`jrgdkl xb fk wmb pydk ~fo mdp gbnrw+ Xek gb~ Pe~— Pe~—pp pfjdg y~bpbk`b* eldjdwt ekg ~bjdendjdwt mexb nbbk e oeaf~ yjrp wf Rkdwbg wmdp wb~o* |mdjb mdp urd`c ekg dkxbkwdxb gdpw~dnrwdfk edg wmb wbeo—p pybbgt ewwe`cdkl pwtjb+ Elb oet kfw nb fk mdp pdgb* nrw b}yb~dbk`b `frkwp* ekg mb |djj nb mfydkl wf egg wf mdp @e~jdkl @ry ekg Y~bodb~pmdy |dkkb~p— obgejp+

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Yfrkg f~ yfrkg* wmb =>2*999 Ejb} Hb~lrpfk yedg Kf~|d`m @dwt f~ wmdp `~ellt* rk`foy~fodpdkl `bkw~b/mej w|f |bbcp pmf~w f mdp >$+ Dw |ep e~lrenjt N~r`b—p w|f `~dwdèj jewb* jewb lfejp ‐ e yed~ f wf|b~dkl mbegb~p ‐ eledkpw Pmbbjg \bgkbpget wmew wdyybg wmb 544>&40 Y~bodb~pmdy wdwjb ~e`b dk Rkdw/ bg—pp exfr~ ekg ~bejjt lfw wmb nejj ~fjj/ bg— dkl f~ Rkdwbg— Rkdwbg—pp gfodkek`b f wmb ofg/ b~k leob+ N~r`b—p |ep e pwbegt `jdon wf wmb ffw/ nejj proodw+ E y~fgr`w f wmb eofrp \ejjpbkg Nftp @jrn wmew lexb wmb leob wejbkwp jdcb Ejek Pmbe~b~* Ybwb~ Nbe~g/ pjbt ekg of~b ~b`bkwjt Rkdwbg w~ekpb~ we~lbw Od`mebj @e~~d`c* mb ~by~bpbkwbg Kb|èpwjb p`mffjnftp* nrw |ep ~bab`wbg ew 58 nt mdp nftmffg dgfjp* ep |bjj ep Prkgb~jekg* Nfjwfk \ekgb~b~p* Pmb/ bjg \bgkbpget ekg Pfrwmyf~w ªnb/ èrpb mb |ep yb~`bdxbg wf nb wff poejj+ Mb prnpburbkwjt lfw e afn ew wmb P|ek Mrkwb~ pmdyte~g ep e w~edkbb yjronb~



00

nrw e |bbc nbf~b mb |ep grb wf pwe~w |ep fb~bg ek ey/ y~bkwd`bpmdy |dwm Ldjjdklmeo+ Ewb~ oecdkl mdp jbelrb gbnrw f~ wmb Ldjjp ew wmb pwe~w f wmb 54<4/=9 pbepfk |mdjb pwdjj arpw 5<* mb |bkw fk wf oecb of~b wmek >99 jbelrb eyybe~ek`bp f~ wmb Cbkw `jrn nbf~b Kf~|d`m yedg 502*999 f~ mdp pb~xd`bp dk Erlrpw 54=7+ Ew @e~~f| ^feg* N~r`b |fk e Jbelrb @ry |dkkb~—p obgej dk 54=2 ekg wmb Pb`fkg Gdxdpdfk @meoydfkpmdy obgej wmb fj/ jf|dkl tbe~+ ^boe~cenjt* f~ ejj mdp prnpburbkw mfkfr~p ew Fjg W~ef~g* W~ef~g* N~r`b |ep kbxb~ pbjb`wbg f~ e rjj Bkljekg èy* wmfrlm mb gdg jbeg wmb pdgb ew N jbxbj+ Mb kejjt jbw wmb ^bgp fk e ~bb w~ekpb~ f~ Nd~odklmeo @dwt dk wmb 5448 `jfpb pbepfk ewb~ kdkb tbe~p* 757 eyybe~ek`bp ekg e y~fjd` 25 lfejp+ Eppdpwbg nt mdp e``r~e`t ~fo wmb ybkejwt pyfw mb meg ~boe~cenjt kdpmbg ep wmb `jrn—p afdkw wfy p`f~b~ dk 5449&45 |dwm 54 lfejp dk ejj `foybwdwdfkp+ Dk 544= mb pwe~wbg frw fk wmb oekelbobkw w~edj |dwm Pmb/ bjg Rkdwbg ep yjetb~/oekelb~* ekg mep ejpf nbbk dk `me~lb ew Mrggb~pbjg Wf|k* Wf|k* \dlek Ewmjbwd` ekg @~tpwej Yeje`b+ Mb dp `r~~bkwjt nfpp ew Nd~odklmeo @dwt* ofrkwdkl e ndg f~ e p|dw Y~bodb~pmdy ~bwr~k dk >998&9< ewb~ wecdkl wmb Njrbp ry ekg pybkgdkl fr~ pbepfkp dk wmb wfy hdlmw+ Gfk—w nbw eledkpw dw+

07


n~tek ~fnpfk Dw |ep e wwdkl `jdoe} wf Rkdwbg,p 544>&40 HE Y~bodb~ Y~bodb~ Jbelrb `meoydfkpmdy pbepfk |mbk N~tek ^fnpfk p`f~bg wmb èo/ yedlk,p jepw lfej wf `jdk`m e >/5 xd`wf~t eledkpw \donjbgfk ew Pbjmr~pw Ye~c+ Pd} getp be~jdb~ ,@eywedk Oe~xbj, meg afdkwjt e``bywbg wmb HE Y~bodb~ Jbelrb w~fymt |dwm Pwbxb N~r`b ep wmb `r~wedk èob gf|k fk ek Fjg W~ef~g W~ef~g pbepfk dk |md`m e >8/tbe~ |edw f~ wmb leob,p rjwdoewb gfobpwd` mfkfr~ |ep kejjt fxb~+

Ne`c ekg meopw~dkl y~fnjbop meg njdlmwbg ^fnpfk,p pbepfk* nrw dk wtydèj epmdfk mb frlmw n~exbjt wf ~b`jedo mdp yje`b+ Dkgbbg* xe~dfrp dkar~dbp yjelrbg pf or`m f mdp ~boe~cenjb è~bb~ f~ `jrn ekg `frkw~t `frkw~t** wmew dw |ep jerlmenjt prllbpwbg ew wdobp nt wmb obgde wmew mb pmfrjg bepb ry% Hf~ pr`m e b~`bjt `foodwwbg ekg `fr~elbfrp yjetb~ dw |ep yb~meyp arpw ek dkbxdwenjb y~d`b wmew meg wf nb yedg+ Mb meg eyybe~bg dk `jfpb fk >99 jbelrb leobp f~ \bpw N~fo|d`m Ejndfk* p`f~dkl 04 lfejp* |mbk kb| Rkdwbg nfpp ^fk Ewcdkpfk ~bwr~kbg wf mdp f~ob~ `jrn ekg yedg e afdkw bb f e~frkg > odjjdfk wf n~dkl nfwm ^fnpfk ekg ^bod Ofpbp wf Fjg W~ef~g W~ef~g dk F`wfnb~ 54=5+ Wmb gbej ~ewbg ,^fnnf, ew e wmbk/~b`f~g 5+2 odjjdfk+


^fnpfk p`f~bg |bjj fxb~ e `bkwr~t f jbelrb lfejp dk mdp è~bb~ ‐ oekt ~fo pwbeodkl jewb njdkg pdgb ~rkp dkwf wmb e~be+ Nrw yb~meyp enfxb ejj* mb |ep ek dkpyd~dkl èywedk f~ nfwm `jrn ekg `frkw~t* rkdurbjt jbegdkl Rkdwbg wf e mew/w~d`c f HE @ry |dkp dk 54=0*54=2 ekg 5449+ Dk wmb 54=0 kej eledkpw N~dlmwfk ekg Mfxb Ejndfk mb p`f~bg w|d`b dk wmb 7/9 ~byjet xd`wf~t+ Mb |ep e Jbelrb @ry kejdpw dk 5445 ekg `fjjb`wbg e y~dqbg Br~fybek obgej |mbk mb jdwbg wmb @ry \dkkb~p, @ry dk wmb peob pbepfk+ Dk mdp kej w|f pbe/ pfkp ^fnpfk pwe~wbg fkjt 52 Y~bodb~/ pmdy oew`mbp* nrw rprejjt oegb e wbjj/ dkl `fkw~dnrwdfk |mbk èjjbg ryfk ekg `frjg me~gjt mexb bkgbg mdp djjrpw~dfrp è~bb~ fk e of~b pewdptdkl kfwb wmek pbbdkl Rkdwbg `foyjbwb wmb `fxbwbg Jbelrb ekg @ry Gfrnjb dk 5447+ ^fnpfk |ep urd`cjt pkeyybg ry fk e jr`~ewdxb `fkw~e`w nt Odggjbpn~frlm |mbk mb ekkfrk`bg mdp doybkgdkl b}dw ~fo Fjg W~ef~g+ Ewb~ pbxbk pbepfkp wmb~b ep oekelb~ dk Arkb >995* ekg fjjf|dkl e ~bjblewdfk newwjb* ^fnpfk jbw dk Arkb >995+ Mb jewb~ ~bpr~e`bg |dwm mdp ~pw `jrn* \bpw N~fo|d`m Ejndfk |dwm |mfo mb `foyjbwbg e ~boe~cenjb bpèyb ~fo Y~bodb~pmdy ~bjblewdfk dk >997&92+ Mf|bxb~* e tbe~ jewb~ wmb Nelldbp g~fyybg gf|k wf wmb @meoydfkpmdy+ ^fnpfk jbw wmb `jrn nt orwrej `fkpbkw fk 5= Pbywbonb~ >998+

02

08


`~dpwdekf ~fkejgf @~dpwdekf ^fkejgf mep arpw enfrw b}/ merpwbg ejj pryb~jewdxbp* b}`byw wf pet wmew mexdkl gbxbjfybg ekg oewr~bg ~fo e tfrkl ekg dkb}yb~dbk`bg |dklb~ |mbk mb afdkbg ~fo Pyf~wdkl Jdpnfk dk >990* mb,p kf| eofkl wmb nbpw ekg ofpw gtkeod` ewwe`cdkl f~`bp dk wmb |f~jg+ Pdlkbg ep e je~lbjt rkckf|k 5=/tbe~/ fjg f~ 5>+>7o* wmb pwf~t lfbp wmew Pd~ Ejb} |ep yb~pregbg wf pdlk mdo nt mdp yjetb~p fk wmb yjekb mfob ~fo e y~b/ pbepfk ~dbkgjt eledkpw Pyf~wdkl wmew proob~+ Dk w~rwm* wmb nfpp meg jfkl nbbk e|e~b f mdp endjdwt+ Wmb r~lbk`t wf pdlk mdo pwboobg ~fo dkwb~bpw ~fo fwmb~ wfy Br~fybek `jrnp+ Wmdp |ep e we~lbw Pd~ Ejb} pdoyjt `frjgk—w jbw pjdy wm~frlm wmb kbw+ ^fkejgf |epwbg jdwwjb wdob dk pmf|dkl f mdp prnjdob pcdjjp |dwm e pwrkkdkl 09/ odkrwb gbnrw eledkpw Nfjwfk ew Fjg W~e/ W~e/ f~g dk Erlrpw >990+ Ewb~ 04 eyybe~/ ek`bp ekg bdlmw lfejp* mb |ep keobg wmb Pd~ Oeww Nrpnt Yjetb~ f wmb Tbe~ Tbe~ f~ >990&97+ Mdp pb`fkg pbepfk kbxb~ urdwb jdxbg ry wf mdp ~pw+ Nrw pfob jewb pbepfk f~o pe| mdo bkg wmb >997&92 èo/ yedlk |dwm kdkb lfejp dk 29 eyybe~ek`bp+ Dk >992&98 ^fkkt eledk ~bpb~xbg mdp nbpw f~o f~ wmb jewwb~ mej f wmb pbepfk* e `jbe~ pdlk wmew* gbpydwb mdp rkgfrnwbg wejbkw* wmdp |ep e yjetb~ pwdjj mfkdkl mdp wejbkw+ Wmbk èob wmb >998 \f~jg @ry kejp dk Lb~oekt* e w~r/ jt gbkdkl ofobkw+ Dk wmb ure~wb~ kejp eledkpw Bkljekg* @~dpwdekf |ep njeobg f~ \etkb ^ffkbt—p pbkgdkl f* wmb pèyblfew f~ Bkljekg—p b}dw+ Pfob |fkgb~bg d mb |frjg


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bxbk ~bwr~k wf Oek`mbpwb~+ Nrw Pd~ Ejb}—p èjodkl |f~gp ep/ pr~bg mdo+ Wmb nbpw yjetb~p ~bpyfkg wf egxb~pdwt* egxb~pdwt* ekg mb gdg arpw wmew+ Rkdwbg—p wdwjb pr``bpp |ep rkgfrnwbgjt e wbeo bf~w* nrw fkb yjetb~ |ep `bkw~ej wf ejofpw bxb~t oeaf~ yjfwjdkb+ Dw nb/ lek |dwm wmb ne~kpwf~odkl 2/5 |dk fxb~ Hrjmeo ‐ ^fkejgf ekg ^ffkbt ~rkkdkl wmb pmf| ekg xb~t yrnjd`jt ~rnndpmdkl `jedop wmb w|f |b~b ew fggp+ Geqqjdkl |dkl/yjet |ep ne`cbg |dwm ~blrje~ eppdpwp ekg `~r`dej lfejp* dk`jrgdkl pbxbk dk xb leobp fxb~ @m~dpwoep ekg wmbk e jepw/lepy |dkkb~ eledkpw Hrjmeo dk Hbn~re~t+ Mdp f~o n~frlmw ~bkb|bg dkwb~bpw ~fo Pyedk* nrw Rkdwbg—p Kf+< pdlkbg e kb| xb/tbe~ gbej rkwdj >95> dkpdpwdkl* ‚D—o meyyt mb~b+‟ Dk >998&9< mb `jedobg 57 dkgdxdgrej e|e~gp ekg* ofpw `~r`dejjt* mdp ~pw Y~bodb~pmdy obgej+ Wmb pfrkg/ w~e`c wf @~dpwdekf—p @~dpwdekf—p èoyedlk oet mexb nblrk |dwm e `mf~rp f nffp* nrw dw bkgbg |dwm è`fymfkfrp eyyjerpb+

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fjb lrkke~ pfjpcaè~ Grnnbg wmb nent/e`bg eppeppdk `fr~/ wbpt f tfrkl jffcp ekg e ~rwmjbpp endj/ dwt wf kg wmb kbw* Fjb—p Fjb—p `jdkdèj kdpmdkl wfr`m |ep* f `fr~pb* nbpw b}mdndwbg ew wmb `jdoe} f wmb 5444 @meoydfkp Jbelrb kej+ Gbby dkwf dkar~t wdob mdp dkpwdk`wdxb wfb/yfcb ~fo Wbggt Pmb~/ dklmeo—p hd`c/fk nbew Netb~k Orkd`m—p Fjdxb~ Cemk wf `foyjbwb Rkdwbg—p b}/ w~ef~gdke~t `fobne`c ~fo 9/5 gf|k wf `foyjbwb wmb W~bnjb ekg `bobkw mdp yje`b dk Rkdwbg fjcjf~b+ Tbw wmb~b |ep wf nb kf l~bewb~ `fob/ ne`c dk Fjb—p è~bb~ wmek wmb fkb mb e`mdbxbg dk Gb`bonb~ >992+ Mdp ey/ ybe~ek`b ep e prnpwdwdwb dk wmb >/> g~e| ew Nd~odklmeo @dwt fjjf|bg e l~rbj/ jdkl >9 ofkwmp f ~bmendjdwewdfk ~fo e pb~dfrp ckbb dkar~t+ Wmb pwe~w f wmb fjjf|dkl pbepfk pe| Fjb oecb ekfwmb~ bofwdfkej ~bwr~k* wmdp wdob wf wmb p`f~bpmbbw+ Mdp lfej dk Rkdwbg—p e|et |dk ew @me~jwfk |ep mdp ~pw f~ wmb pbkdf~ pdgb dk ejofpw wm~bb tbe~p ekg mb egodwwbg ewb~|e~gp1 ‚D mexb nbbk g~beodkl enfrw wmdp get ekg kf| dw mep kejjt e~~dxbg* D arpw bbj ~bjdb+‟ Pfjpcaeb~ oegb e mrlbjt doy~bp/ pdxb `fkw~dnrwdfk wf wmb wdwjb/|dkkdkl èrpb dk >998&9< ekg ~d`mjt gbpb~xbg mdp pbxbkwm Y~bodb~ Jbelrb |dkkb~p— obgej+ Pfjpcaeb~ bkgbg wmb >998&9< pbepfk |dwm bjbxbk lfejp* wmb ofpw doyf~wekw f |md`m èob dk Aekre~t >99< ew Fjg


04

W~ef~g |mbk* fk ep e jewb prnpwdwrwb* mb ~bg e g~eoewd` jepw odkrwb |dkkb~ dk wmb HE @ry wmd~g ~frkg wdb eledkpw Epwfk Xdjje+ Fjb—p peg gb`dpdfk wf ~bwd~b ewb~ `fkwdkrdkl y~fnjbop |dwm mdp Fjb—p ckbb |ep ekkfrk`bg arpw |bbcp dkwf wmb >99<&9= èoyedlk+ Fk >= Erlrpw >99<* wmb `jrn ~bjbepbg e y~bpp pwewbobkw |dwm |e~o w~dnrwbp ~fo Pd~ Ejb} Hb~lrpfk / ‚Fjb mep e`mdbxbg bxb~twmdkl e yjetb~ `frjg bxb~ |dpm wf e`mdbxb‟ / ekg `mdb b}b`rwdxb Gexdg Ldjj / ‚Fjb |djj nb gbe~jt odppbg ep e yjetb~* nrw |djj lf fk wf pb~xb wmb @jrn ep ek Eoneppegf~ ekg e xejrenjb `fe`m+‟ Fjb mdopbj pedg* ‚D bbj y~frg wf mexb ~by~bpbkwbg Oek/ `mbpwb~ Rkdwbg f~ 55 tbe~p ekg mexb pfob xb~t pyb`dej obof~dbp+‟ Rkdwbg pryyf~wb~p ejpf mexb pyb`dej obof~dbp f Pfjpcaeb~ dk e ~bg pmd~w* ekg |djj ~boedk f~bxb~ l~ewbrj+

79


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Xek Gb~ Pe~ Pwbxb N~r`b N~tek ^fnpfk @~dpwdekf ^fkejgf Fjb Pfjpcaè~

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75

ejj enfrw wmb nffc nfgt wb}w Ejj nfgt wb}w mep xbbk wecbk ~fo Yjetb~ ekg Jblbkg y~fjbp fk |||+oekrwg+`fo

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pfhw|e~b Wmb nffc |ep oegb rpdkl e `fondkewdfk f Egfnb DkGbpdlk* Djjrpw~ewf~ ekg Ymfwpmfy b}`jr/ pdxbjt fk e Oe`dkwfpm ~rkkdkl Oe` FP ]+ Wb}w bgdwdkl |ep gfkb dk Eyyjb d\f~c / Yelbp+

doelbp Wmb doelbp dk wmb nffc e~b ~fo ejj e`~fpp wmb |bn ekg |b~b frkg rpdkl Lffljb Doelb Pbe~`m* Hjd`c~* Hjd`c~* |dcdybgde ekg Temff Doelb Pbe~`m+ Wmb ”nbpw bjbxbk— l~eymd` |ep `~bewbg rpdkl Egfnb DkGbpdlk+

y~dkdwdkl Wmb nffc |ep y~dkwbg ew Hbgb} Cdkcfp jfèwbg dk wmb nepbobkw f wmb Rkdxb~pdwt @bkwb~+

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