SHOULD / SHOULD HAVE, COULD / COULD HAVE, MIGHT / MIGHT HAVE Tahminde bulunurken, emin olmadığımız konularda OLASILIKLARDAN söz ederken, might, could kullanılır. Bu yardımcı fiiller “belki, olabilir” anlamındadır.
Should, could, might
Kadir is absent today.
= Present “Şimdiki zaman”
“Kadir bugün yok.”
He MIGHT be ill. “Belki de hastadır, hasta olabilir.” He COULD be ill. “Belki de hastadır, hasta olabilir.”
= PERHAPS he is ill.
Present
Should have + v3, could have + v3, might have + v3 zaman”
= Past
“geçmiş
Celil is late. “Celil geçikti.” He might have missed the bus. “Otobüsü kaçırmış olabilir, belki de otobüsü kaçırmıştır.” He could have missed the bus. “Otobüsü kaçırmış olabilir, belki de otobüsü kaçırmıştır.” = PERHAPS he MISSed the bus. Past Not: might have + v3, could have + v3 “…..yapabilirdin, yapmadın anlamına da gelir, MAY HAVE bu anlamda kullanılmaz.” You might have warned me that he was not reliable. Then I wouldn’t have lent him any money. “Beni onun güvenilir olmadığı konusunda uyarmalıydın, uyarsaydın ona hiç ödünç para vermezdim.”
You might have told me your problem. I would have helped you. “Problemini bana söyleyebilirdin.”
“Size yardım edebilirdim.”
SHOULD Probable : olası, muhtemel, tahmini
He should read the article. “O yazıyı okumalı, okuması gerekir.”
He should buy that test book. “o test kitabını almalı” muhtemel.”
“It is probable that he will read the article.” “Muhtemelen o yazıyı okuyacak.” “It is probable that he will buy that text book.” “Belki de o test kitabını alacak, o test kitabını alması
He should revise the test questions. “It is probable that he will revise the test questions.” He should buy some flowers for his wife. “It is probable that he will buy some flowers for his wife.” “Eşine birkaç çiçek almalı, alması gerekir.”
He should study his lessons. “Derslerine çalışmalı.” çalışacak.”
“Belki de eşine birkaç çiçek alacak.” “It is probable that he will study his lessons.” “Muhtemelen derslerine çalışacak. Belki de derslerine
SHOULD HAVE + v3 : “.….yapması, etmesi gerekirdi, ama yapmadı, etmedi” Should have washed : yıkaması gerekirdi, yıkamalıydı Didn’t wash : yıkamadı Should have helped : Yardım etmesi gerekirdi, yardım etmeliydi Didn’t help : yardım etmedi He should have washed his hands before meals. “But he DIDN’T WASH his hands before meals.”
He should have helped his friends. “Arkadaşlarına yardım etmeliydi.” “But he DIDN’T HELP his friends.” “Ama arkadaşlarına yardım etmedi.”
He should have studied his lessons. “Derslerine çalışmalıydı.” “But He DIDN’T STUDY his lessons.” “Ama o derslerine çalışmadı.”
He should have bought flowers for his wife.
“Eşine çiçek alması gerekirdi.”
“But He DIDN’T BUY flowers for his wife.” “Ama o eşine çiçek almadı.”
He should have taken notes to study later. “He DIDN’T TAKE notes to study later.”
MIGHT + v1 / COULD + v1 “Bir şeyin olma ihtimalinin ZAYIF “weak” olduğunu anlatırlar, “belki, olabilir” anlamındadırlar. It MIGHT rain. “Yağmur yağabilir.” PERHAPS it will rain. “Belki yağacak, belki yağar.” It COULD rain. “Yağmur yağabilir.” PERHAPS it will rain. “Belki yağacak,belki yağar.” They might win the university entrance exam. They could win the university entrance exam.
“Perhaps they will win.”
He might bring you some flowers. He could bring you some flowers.
“Perhaps he will bring”
The students might solve the problems. The students could solve the problems.
“Perhaps they will solve.”
His friend might understand his feelings. His friend could understand his feelings. understand.”
“Perhaps she will
P R E S E N T – P R E S E N T “could + v1, might + v1” Kerim isn’t at the meeting. He might be asleep at home. The students are happy. They might have had high marks. They have bought a lot of bread. They might have some guests. The girl is looking at the boy. She might know him. She reads the poem over and over. She might memorise it. Our team has scored one goal. We might win the game. Ali is not answering the phone. He might be out. They don’t talk to each other. They might have a serious problem. The plane can’t take off. There might be something wrong with the pilot. You have ruined my day. You might not know what you have done. The car doesn’t start. It might not have any gas. He has come to the meeting late. His watch might be slow. Not: “might” ın yerine “COULD” da yazılabilir. Anlamda bir değişiklik olmaz.
“Might – could + v1” şimdiki zamanda olasılığın, ihtimalin ZAYIF olduğunu anlatır.”
PAST – PAST “could have + v3, might have + v3” Ali WASn’t at the meeting.
He might have been asleep at home then.
“Ali toplantıda değildi.”
“Belki de o zaman evde uyuya kalmıştır.”
The students were happy.
They might have had high marks.
“Öğrenciler mutluydu.”
“Belki de yüksek not almışlardır.”
They bought lots of bread.
They might have had lots of guests.
“Çok ekmek aldılar.”
“Belki de çok misafirleri vardır.”
The girl looked at him.
She might have known him.
“Kız ona baktı.”
“Belki de onu tanımıştır.”
She read the poem over and over. She might have memorised it. OUr team scored one goal. We might have won the game. Ali didn’t answer the phone. He might have been out. “Ali telefonu cevaplamadı, telefona bakmadı.”
They didn’t talk to each other. problem. The plane didn’t take off.
“Belki de o dışarıdaydı.”
They might have had a serious
You ruined my day. The car didn’t start.
There might have been something wrong with the pilot. You might not have known what you did. It might not have had any gas.
“Araba çalışmadı.”
“Belki de hiç benzini yoktu.”
He came to the meeting late.
His watch might have been slow.
“Toplantıya geç kaldı.”
“Belki de saati geri kaldı, yavaştı. ”
Not: MIGHT HAVE + v3’ ün yerine COULD HAVE + v3 yazılabilir. Anlamda bir değişiklik olmaz.
“Might have + v3 – could have + v3” yapıları geçmiş zamanda bir şeyin olma olasılığının, ihtimalinin ZAYIF olduğunu anlatır.”
