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I - Damage Survey and P&I Club. P&I Club
Surveys of this type are carried out according acc ording to the Club's damage report/damage survey reporting format. The report will include; 1. A brief outline outline of the the circumst circumstances ances and events events relati relating ng to the casualty. . Together Together with details details and a descriptio description n of the the e!tent e!tent of the damage ". An esti estima mate te of of repai repairr cost costs. s.
Typically# Typically# a report will include the following documentation$ d ocumentation$ 1. . ". . *. +. ,. -.
%ast %aster er's 's damag damagee rep repor ortt Chief Chief &ngine &ngineer' er'ss dama damage ge repor reportt Superin Superinten tendent dent's 's damage damage report report (ele (eleva vant nt log log boo) boo) e!tr e!trac acts ts (epair (epairer' er'ss / speciali specialist' st'ss damage damage reports reports Techni Technical cal info informa rmatio tion n /drawi /drawings ngs (eleva (elevant nt classif classifica icatio tion n reports reports and record recordss (epai (epaire rer' r'ss invo invoic ices es
The surveyor will e!amine repair invoices and give an opinion on whether they relate to the casualty / damage case under consideration and whether they are fair and reasonable. hotographs will also be ta)en to illustrate the nature of the damage/s. n order to assist the surveyor and save precious time# the following documentation should be made available to the surveyor$ • • • • • • • • • •
0essel 0essel log boo)s# covering c overing the relevant period A signed statement from the %aster# Chief &ngineer and/or ship's personnel directly involved in the damage accident. 0essel's 0essel's S% damage/nonconformity report %aintenance records. Classification survey and inspection records. A repair specification# if available A statement statement outlining the cause of the damage# in the owner's opinion# and any documentation supporting the owner's statement 2rawings
The owner's representative would normally e!press his opinion as to the cause of the damage and he should e!pect the surveyor to indicate whether or not he agrees with this view. The Club have the right to investigate all aspects of a claim after the survey has been conducted. The Club# together with the owners# are free to call for further advice and opinions. 3eyond the owner's representative and the surveyor# the following individuals should attend the survey whenever possible$ 1. The classification society surveyor . A representative from the repairs contractor ". Appropriate officers from the vessel t is a great advantage to ma)e available to the surveyor the necessary drawings# instruction manuals and associated documentation. This will speed up the inspection process by facilitating the wor) of the surveyor. A specification should be structured to cover$ 1. 2. 3. 4.
Agreed damage Any items sub4ect to discussion 5eneral e!penses 6wner's wor) 7if any8
The tenderer should be as)ed to 9uote distinct prices for the specific items of wor). t is also beneficial to reach an early agreement as to whether dry doc)ing is necessary. 3efore commencing repairs# the owner's representative should see) the Club's approval of his proposed course of action. 2uring repairs# it is the owners representatives' duty to )eep the surveyor informed and to draw to his attention any ma4or changes in the scope of agreed wor). The ob4ect is to ensure that all necessary information is conveyed to the surveyor# in good time. n the end# this will facilitate the further handling of the case.
:hen repairs are completed# an assessment meeting should be arranged# to rechec) wor) content and schedules and reach agreement on the time invoiced for the different items. An essential part of any survey report is a detailed presentation of all costs involved# analysed itembyitem. f the surveyor is to supply this information# very close cooperation is re9uired with the owner's representative. The best way to achieve this is to invite the surveyor to participate in the discussions involved in the settlement of repair invoices. This will enable him to finalise his report e!peditiously. t will also ensure rapid settlement.
The surveyor is re9uired to certify that costs are fair and reasonable and that they are related directly to the damage in 9uestion. f he cannot certify this and cannot resolve outstanding issues with the owner's representative# this fact should be stated clearly in his report. A full range of costs should be brought to the surveyor's attention and submitted for approva l# such as$ 1. . ". .
Additional costs for wor)ing overtime. Subcontractors. Spare parts or other supplies :or) carried out by the crew in relation to damage repairs
Should the owner choose to defer the repair of the damage 7given approval by the classification society8# a specification of outstanding repairs should be drawn up# agreed and form part of the surveyor's report. :hen an owners representative ta)es the Club's surveyor into his confidence and maintains open communication throughout the case# there should be few if any problems in reaching a fair and amicable settlement. :here there are opposing opinions every effort will be made to resolve them. A full description of any unresolved issues will be included in the report.
P & I CLUB
The ondon < Club is one of the world=s leading rotection and ndemnity Associations. t underwrites < insurance on a mutual basis and is a member of the nternational 5roup# playing a )ey role in coordinating and promoting the collective strength of the < industry on behalf of the shipowning community. :e also provide >2<2 and :ar (is)s insurance as well as a fle!ible pac)age of covers# sub4ect to a combined single limit# for charterers.
?istory of The ondon < Club The ondon < Club was officially founded in 1-++. At that time# it was managed# along with the 3ritish Shipowners= %utual rotection and ndemnity Association imited for Sailing Ships# by Sir 5eorge ?odg)inson. ?odg)inson was an nsurance 3ro)er and Shipowner and also Sheriff of ondon# who had been )nighted 7man with title Sir8 in 1-*1. n 1-@# Arthur 3ilbrough# a iverpool based Shipowner and loyds 3ro)er# bought out ?odg)inson who retired through ill health. The two Associations merged under the name of The ondon SteamShip 6wners= %utual nsurance Association imited and 3ilbrough=s company has remained the Club=s %anagers to this day. At that time "@ ships were entered in the Club totalling "@#-1grt. Since then the Club has continued to grow both in siBe and scope# continually adapting to meet the needs of the mar)et and its membership. 2uring both :orld :ars# representatives from the ondon < Clubs= %anagers were called upon by the Admiralty to assist with their specialist )nowledge of marine matters and shipping. n fact# during the Second :orld :ar all government instructions to Shipowners were sent in secret communications via the Club. These related to issues regarding convoys# security at ports# depth charges and ultimately full naval control of shipping. n the 1@*s the Club began to ta)e on non3ritish tonnage and continues to this day to cover ships from a broad spectrum of shipping nations. 2uring the late 1@+s the tonnage entered in the Club e!panded dramatically with old cargo vessels being replaced by new larger and faster vessels. These included a new type of vessel following the introduction of containers. The early 1@,s saw the introduction of 0CCs# the first one entering in the Club in 1@,1# at 1#@ grt.
The Club has an influential and authoritative position in maritime affairs# ta)ing part in consultations with %6# 3%C6 and other organisations wor)ing in the maritime field# and playing a ma4or role in the nternational 5roup of < Clubs. The ondon < Club is now recogniBed as the leading insurer for the largest bluewater tonnage from all the world's ma4or shipping centres# particularly in the b ul) trades. t remains 4ustifiably proud of its long tradition in the < industry.
II – The Im!r"an#e !$ B!%ler Survey r!m Sa$e"y '(e#".
ormally boiler inspection will be carried out onboard the ship by a port state control and during the dry doc). They are used to carry out the inspection and see the wor)ing condition of the boiler. 2uring the inspection they will conduct an indepth analysis of the boiler condition considering various factors to find the wor)ing condition of the boiler. f necessary they will replace damaged parts of the boiler needed for continued safe operation. eed >or 3oiler Survey or nspection 1. 1.3oilers are inspected to maintain the Class re9uirement. . (egular internal inspection and e!ternal e!amination during such survey constitute the preventive maintenance schedule the boiler goes through to have a safe wor)ing condition. >re9uency of 3oiler Survey 1. 1.:ater tube high pressure boilers are surveyed at two year intervals. . All other boilers# including e!haust gas boilers# are surveyed at two yearly intervals until they are eight years old and then surveyed annually.
III – S#!e !$ B!%ler Survey and Survey I"em(.
D D D D
>ull internal and e!ternal e!amination of all parts of the boiler and accessories such as superheaters# economiBer# air heater and all mounting. %ay lead the surveyor to re9uire hydraulic testing of pressure parts or thic)ness gauging of plates/ tubes that appear to be wasted. Collision choc)s# seating tools and rolling stays also to be chec)ed. 3oiler to be e!amined under steam and following items dealt with$ D ressure gauges chec)ed D :ater level indicators and protective devices tested D Safety valves ad4ustment D >6 burning e9uipment and >6 shut off system
A complete boiler survey enable us to$ •
Chec) out any build up deposits has ta)en place
D
Chec) out any deformation or wastage > platewor)# piping# etc.
D
>ind reason for any anomalies.
D
&nsure that any repair carried out does not effect the safe wor)ing order of the boiler
) – Preara"%!n Be$!re ' Survey lanning for boiler survey
1. Confirm time available# manpower# and time re9uired. . Chec) before shutting down boiler. ". Chec) for spares e.g. manhole door 4oints# gauge glass# pac)ing and steam 4oints. . Chec) the tools re9uired e.g. gagging tool# tor9ue spanner# rope# chain bloc) etc. *. Chec) manual for special instruction and past records. +. Steam re9uirement for the ne!t port should be considered e.g. Tan)ers re9uire steam in discharged ort. ,. 3riefing to other engineers of wor) involved. Shutting down the boiler for inspection
3efore inspection is to be carried out# the boiler which is firing should be shut down. These are the steps to be followed before shutting down the boiler for inspection. 1. nform the chief engineer and inform the duty officer in the bridge. . Change over %/&# A/&# and 3oiler to diesel oil. ". Top up diesel oil service tan)# stop heavy oil and lube oil purifiers. . Stop all tan) and tracing steam heating and carry out soot blowing. *. Change over from automation to manual firing of boiler. +. Stop the firing of the boiler and purge boiler for three to five minutes. ,. Switch off power and off the circuit brea)er for forced draught fan# >6 pump# feed pump# and combustion control panel. ?ang necessary notices. -. Shut main steamstop valve and shut all fuel valves to boiler. @. et the boiler cool down# do not blow down now. 1. :hen the boiler pressure is about bars# carry out blow down. 11. :hen boiler pressure is slightly higher than atmospheric pressure# open the vent coc) to prevent formation of vacuum. 1. et the boiler cool down.
1". 6nce sufficient cooled# open top manhole door first with all safety precaution. 1. %ar) the nut on the top manhole# slac)en the dognut# and secure it with a rope. 1*. Enoc) the manhole door gently# but do not open it as it may contain steam or hot water. 1+. Conform nothing coming out; open the door fully with the help of securing rope. 1,. 2o not open immediately open the bottom door# since the boiler is still hot and if op ened relatively cool current of air will pass through the boiler ca using a thermal shoc). 1-. Allow further cool down before opening bottom manhole door. 1@. 6pen the bottom manhole door with the same precautions and open the furnace side door also. . 0entilate foe period of 1 to hours. 1. Then chec) for o!ygen# flammable vapour# and to!ic gasses. . f it is safe# prepare for entry.
reparation for entry These are the steps to be carried out before entering the boiler for inspection. 1. repare a long rope# wooden plan) o!ygen analyBer# safety hand lamp# and safety torch attached with rope. . 5et a pouch to carry tools and )eep trac) of the number of tools to be brought into boiler. ". ersonnel safety protection wear# e.g. helmet# safety shoes# hand gloves# etc. . o e!tra instruments to be brought in and clear poc)et contents as it may fall into boiler. *. Eeep an emergency breathing apparatus ready. +. (emain in communication and ensure proper lighting. ,. Chec) boiler internals before ma)ing an entry# e.g. foothold and handhold. )I – ,elevan" ,ule( r!m U, 1/ 10 $!r B!%ler Survey
F( G1* ?ull# structure# e9uipment and machinery surveys of mobile offshore drilling units.
3oiler surveys are to be carried out according to the schedule found in F( G1-.. Scope in F( G1* are at each boiler survey the boilers# superheaters# economiBers are to be e!amined internally 7watersteam side8 and e!ternally 7fire side8. e!t# boiler mountings and safety valves are to be e!amined at each boiler survey and opened as considered necessary by the surveyor. The proper operation of the safety valves is to be confirmed at each survey. :hen considered necessary by the surveyor# the boilers and superheaters are to be sub4ec ted to hydrostatic pressure test.
F( G1- eriodical survey of machinery . Survey steam boilers .1 :ater tube boilers used for main propulsion# including reheat boilers# all other boilers of essential service# and boilers of nonessential service having wor)ing pressure e!ceeding ."* /mm 7".* bar8 and a heating surface e!ceeding .* m# are to be surveyed internally. There is to be a minimum of two internal e!aminations during each *year special survey period. n all cases the interval between any two such e!aminations is not to e!ceed "+ months. At each survey# the boilers# superheaters# and economiBers are to be e!amined internally on watersteam side and fire side. 3oiler mountings and safety valves are to be e!amined at each survey and opened out as considered necessary by the Classification Society.
The ad4ustment of the safety valves is to be verified during each boiler internal survey. 3oiler safety valve and its relieving gear are to be e!amined and tested to verify satisfactory operation. ?owever# for e!haust gas heated economiBers# if steam cannot be raised at port# the safety valves may be set by the Chief &ngineer at sea# and the results recorded in the log boo) for review by the Classification Society. (eview of the following records since the last 3oiler Survey is to be carried out as part of the survey$ •
operation
•
maintenance
•
repair history
•
feedwater chemistry
. &!ternal survey of boilers including test of safety an d protective devices# and test of safety valve using its relieving gear# is to be carried out annually# within the window of the Annual Survey of a ship. >or e!haust gas heated economiBers# the safety valves are to be tested by the Chief &ngineer at sea within the annual survey window. This test is to be recorded in the log boo) for review by the attending Surveyor prior to crediting the Annual Survey of %achinery.
." An e!tension of the internal e!amination of the boiler up to " months beyond the due date can be granted in e!ceptional circumstances. The e!tension may be granted by the Classification Society after the following is satisfactorily carried out$ i8 &!ternal e!amination of the boiler ii8 3oiler safety valve relieving gear 7easing gear8 is to be e!amined and operationally tested iii8 3oiler protective devices operationally tested iv8 (eview of the following records since the last 3oiler Survey$ •
operation
•
maintenance
•
repair history
•
feedwater chemistry
. &!haust 5as ?eated &conomiBers n addition to the other re9uirements of .1 7internal e!amination8 in e!haust gas heated economiBers of the shell type# all accessible welded 4oints are to be sub4ected to a visual e!amination for crac)ing. ondestructive Testing may be re9uired for this purpose.
