In this paper we have established the bounds of the extreme characteristic roots of nlap G and sLap G by their traces. Also found the bounds for n th characteristic roots of nLap G and sLap G . M M Jariya "Results on Characteristic Vectors" Published
Kurva ROC catatan kuliah Pa Iwan Ariawan, MS
abstract algebra more information on characteristic p, rings, idealsDescrição completa
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A description of the process for the management of special characteristics.Full description
A description of the process for the management of special characteristics.
Deskripsi lengkap
Basic Knowledger about ship related, design, manufacturing, and how it worksFull description
Ship structure, different structural elements. Systems of framing.Full description
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Ship Construction
1. PROPU PROPULSIO LSION N (PROPELL (PROPELLER ER + RUDDE RUDDER) R) 2. ANCHOR 3. BOW THR THRUST USTER ER (IF (IF FITTE FITTED) D) 4. Tug and moo moorin ring g line lines s
1. WIND 2. CURRENT 3. SEAS AND SWELL
SHALLOW WATER SHIP / BANK INTERACTION
WHAT INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE FROM THE SHIPS MANEOUVRING DATA?
Turning circle data Stopping distance table Speed / RPM Table Thruster characteristics if fitted Conditions of weather for which above data is applicable
TURNING CIRCLE DATA Transfer
Advanc e
Tactical Diameter
Final Diameter
TURNING CIRCLE DATA Advance: The distance traveled by the centre of gravity along the original course (on the fore and aft line).
TURNING CIRCLE DATA Transfer: the distance the vessel moves perpendicular to the original course during the turn. i.e distance traveled by the centre of gravity, measured from the original trace to the point where the vessel has altered her course by 90 degrees.
TURNING CIRCLE DATA Tactical Diameter: Is the transfer for 180 degrees.
TURNING CIRCLE DATA Drift Angle: The angle between the ship’s fore and aft line and the tangent to the turning circle.
The vessel turns with its bow inside and stern outside the tangent to the path of its PIVOT POINT centre of gravity. Drift Angle
The angle between the tangent to this path, the turning circle and the centerline
TURNING CIRCLE DATA Which part of the vessel makes the turning circle? The PIVOT point
The PIVOT POINT is the point at any instant during the turn, where the line drawn from the centre of curvature of the path meets the ship’s fore and aft line.
PIVOT POINT PIVOT POINT WHEN SHIP IS STOPPED COINCIDES WITH THE SHIP’S CENTRE OF GRAVITY APPROXIMATELY AMIDSHIPS.
COG
Pivot Point
PIVOT POINT WHEN MAKING HEADWAY TWO FORCES COME INTO PLAY FORWARD MOMENTUM OF THE SHIP. LONGITUDINAL RESISTANCE TO FORWARD MOMENTUM CREATED BY THE WATER AHEAD OF THE SHIP. AS A ROUGH ESTIMATE AT STEADY AHEAD SPEED THE PIVOT POINT SETTLES SOME WHERE BETWEEN ¼ AND 1/3 rd OF SHIPS LENGTH FROM FORWARD.
PIVOT POINT
PIVOT POINT When making sternway the opposite happen and at steady astern speed. The pivot point settles somewhere between 1/3rd and 1/4th of the ships length from the stern.
TURNING CIRCLE DATA Now that we know that the pivot point is the one making the turning circle. Do you know for how many turning circles the data is available on the ships maneouvring booklet.
1. Zig-zag test Initial Turning Ability 100 rudder angle, a 10 0 heading change in less than 2.5 ship lengths. Yaw-checking and course – keeping ability Overshoot angle < 25 0 in a turn when 20 0 rudder
Turning Ability The advance should not exceed 4.5 ship lengths and the tactical diameter should not exceed 5 ship lengths in the 35 degree turning circle manoeuvre.
Initial Turning Ability With the application of 10 deg. Rudder angle to port/starboard, the ship should not have traveled more than 2.5 ship lengths by the time the heading has changed by 10 deg. from the original heading.
Yaw checking & Course-keeping ability Ship should not exceed the values of the first and second overshoot angle (solid line in the figures) in the 10 ⁰/10⁰ zig-zag test & 25⁰ of the first overshoot angle in the 20⁰/20⁰ zig-zag test
(a) 1st overshoot angles of 10°/10° zigzag test
( b) 2nd overshoot angles of 10°/10° zigzag test
(c) 1st overshoot angles of 20°/20° zigzag test
Yaw-checking & course-keeping abilities indices from sea-
1. Stopping Distance Crash stop The track reach should be < 15 ship lengths At the Administration’s discretion Large Displacement vessels could be allowed to have a max track reach of upto 20 ship lengths
Stopping The track reach in the full astern stopping test should not Ability exceed 15 ship lengths. However, this value may be modified by the Administration where the ships of large displacement make this criterion impracticable, but should in no case exceed 20 ship lengths.
Track reach of ships at full load condition (IMO DE 44/4 2000)
