CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that …………………….., a student of class XII has successfully completed the research on the below ment me ntio ione ned d proje project ct un unde derr the the guid guidan ance ce of Mr Mahe Mahend ndra ra Chaudhary ( ubject Teacher ! during the year "#$%&$' in partial fulfilment of chemistry chemistry practical eamination.
Signature of of external examiner teacher
Signature chemistry
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to Principal, Holy Family Convent Sr. Sec. School , hurai for
her
encouragement
and for all the facilities that she provided for this pro!ect
work.
I
sincerely
appreciate
this
magnanimity "y taking me into her fold for which I shall remain inde"ted to her. I extend my hearty thanks to #r. #ahendra Chaudhary, chemistry teacher,
who
guided
me
to
the
successful
completion of this pro!ect. I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude for his invalua"le guidance, constant encouragement, constructive
comments,
sympathetic
attitude
and immense motivation, which has sustained my e$orts at all stages of this pro!ect work. I can%t forget to o$er my sincere thanks to my classmates who helped me to carry out this pro!ect work successfully & for their valua"le
advice & support, which I received from them time to time.
DECLARATION
I do here"y declare that this pro!ect work has "een originally carried under the guidance and supervision of #r. ' ( otwani, head of chemistry department, Holy Family Convent Sr.Sec School, hurai (t)Sagar.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT 1 SETTING OF CEMENT 1 CERTIFICATE 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 DECLARATION 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Intr!"#t$n % O&'(#t$)(
*
R(+"$r(,(nt* Pr#(!"r( 1. O&-(r)/t$n1. Cn#0"-$n11 Pr(#/"t$n11 B$&0$r/ 11
INTRODUCTION
A #(,(nt #/n &( -$,0 !(n(! t/t ,/t(r$/06 7$# 7r8- /- / &$n!(r9 It -(t- /n! /r!(n- 7(n $t !r$(- /n! $- #//&0( : r(/#t$n 7$t #/r&n !$;$!( $n t( /$r 7$0( /0- &($n #//&0( : &$n!$n t(r ,/t(r$/0t(t(r9 T( t(r, <#(,(nt= #/n &( tr/#(! &/#8 t R,/n- 7 "-(! t( t(r, "- #/(,(nt$#$", t !(-#r$&( ,/-nr r(-(,&0$n ,!(rn #n#r(t( t/t 7/- ,/!( :r, #r"-(! r#8 7$t &"rnt 0$,( /- &$n!(r9 T( (/r0$(-t )(r-$n (r/-6 !/t(- &/#8 t t$r! ,$00(nn$", B9C9 7(r( $t 7/- "-(! $n M(-t/,$/9 T( )0#/n$# /- /n! / "0)(r$-(! &r$#8 /!!$t$)( t/t 7(r( /!!(! t t( &"rnt 0$,( t &t/$n / !r/"0$# &$n!(r 7(r( 0/t(r r(:(rr(! t /- #(,(nt",6 #$,(nt",6 #/,(nt /n! #(,(nt9 C(,(nt 7r8- & 0!$n t( ,/t(r$/0t(t(r> r/t(r &$n!$n t(, /n! t$- &$n!$n (?(#t $/#$()(! 7(n $t r(/#t- 7$t 7/t(r9 O)(r t$,(6 t( #(,$#/0 r(/#t$n #nt$n"(- t ##"r /n! $t $- -/$! t/t t( r(/#t$n $- $nn$t( @#nt$n"(- :r()(r9 C(,(nt $"-(! & ,/8$n / ,$; : #(,(nt6 -/n! /n! 0/-t(r : P/r$-9 T( ,-t $,rt/nt "-( : #(,(nt $- t( r!"#t$n : ,rt/r /n! #n#r(t(9 T( &n!$n : n/t"r/0 r /rt$#$/0 /r(/t(- t :r, / -trn &"$0!$n ,/t(r$/0
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n#( /r!(n(!6 #/n &(#,( / -tr"#t"r/0 @0/! &(/r$n (0(,(nt9 Prt0/n! #(,(nt ,/ &( r( r 7$t(9
THEORY : CHEMISTRY OF CEMENT C(,(nt $- (--(nt$/00 / n(0 r"n! ,$;t"r( : #/0#$", -$0$#/t(- @3C/9 S$O2 /n! /0",$n/t(- @3C/9 ALO3 7$# -(t- t / /r! ,/-- tr(/t(! 7$t 7/t(r9 T$- r(rt ,/8(- #(,(nt #//&0( : '$n$n r$$! ,/--(- 0$8( &r$#8-6 -tn(-6 t$0(- (t#9 $nt #(r(nt -tr"#t"r(-9 T( #(,(nt- /)( r(rt : -(tt$n /n! /r!(n$n "n!(r 7/t(r !"( t #(rt/$n -$##(,$#/0 r#(-- /n! /r(6 t(r(:r(6 #/00(! !r/"0$# #(,(nt-9 D"r$n -(tt$n : #(,(nt6 t( -$#/0 #/n(- t/8$n 0/#( /r( (0 :r,/t$n /n! #r-t/00$/t$n /n! #(,$#/0 #/n(- /r( !r/t$n /n! !r0-$-9
T( r#(-- : -0$!$#/t$n : #(,(nt /-t( $n)0)(- @$ -(tt$n6 /n! @$$ /r!(n$n9
Setting $- -t$?(n$n : t( r$$n/0 0/-t$# ,/-- $nt $n$t$/0 (0 :r,/t$n9 A:t(r -(tt$n6 /r!(n$n -t/rt- !"( t r/!"/0 -t/rt : #r-t/00$-/t$n $n t( $nt(r$r : t( ,/--9 T( -tr(nt !()(0(! & #(,(nt /t /n t$,( !((n!- "n t( /,"nt : (0 :r,(! /n! t( (;t(nt : #r-t/00$-/t$n9 A ,$;t"r( : #(,(nt6 -/n!6 -,/00 $(#(- : -tn( @r/)(0 /n! 7/t(r $- 8n7n /-
concrete /n! -(t- t /n (;tr(,(0 /r! -tr"#t"r(9 W(n #(,(nt $- "-(! :r #n-tr"#t$n "r-(-6 $t $/07/- ,$;(! 7$t -/n! /n! 0$tt0( 7/t(r t ,/8( / /-t ,/t(r$/0 #/00(! ort!r9 H(r( #(,(nt r 0$,( :r,- t( &$n!$n ,/t(r$/0 /n! :"n#t$n : -/n! $- t r()(nt -r$n8$n /n! #r/#8$n /n! t $n#r(/-( t( &"086 t(r(& r(!"#$n t( #-t : t( ,rt/r9 W(n #(,(nt $- "-(! /- t( &$n!$n ,/t(r$/0 $t $- #/00(!
ceent ort!r /n! 7(n 0$,( $- "-(! /- t( &$n!(r $t $- #/00(! "ie ort!r9 S/n! $n /!!$t$n t $t- t(r :"n#t$n- /0- $n#r(/-(- t( /!(-$)( +"/0$t$(- : t( &$n!$n ,/t(r$/09
EFFECT OF #UALITY OF SAND ON SETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR$ S/n! &t/$n(! :r, !$?(r(nt -"r#(- /- !$?(r(nt +"/0$t$(-9 Fr (;/,0(6 -(/ -/n! &t/$n(! :r, -(/ #nt/$n- -,( "n7/nt(! -/0t- /n! r(t/r!- t( -(tt$n : #(,(nt /n! $- "n-"$t/&0( :r ,/8$n ,rt/r9 On t( t(r /n!6 $t -/n! &t/$n(! :r, $t- $n t( -$0 /n! r$)(r -/n! &t/$n(! :r, r$)(r &(! /r( #n-$!(r(! (;#(00(nt :r r(/r$n ,rt/r /n! #n#r(t(9
EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR$
T$,( /- /n $,rt/nt r0( n t( -tr(nt !()(0(! & #(,(nt ,rt/r9 W(n / #(,(nt -/n! /-t( $n t( r/t$ 13 $n 7/t(r $- /007(! t !r6 t( -tr(nt : t( -0$! ,/-- 8((- n $n#r(/-$n 7$t $n#r(/-( $n t( t$,( $)(n :r -(tt$n9 It /#+"$r(- n(/r0 :"00 -tr(nt $n 2 !/-9
%ic!t A&&!r!t'( )or Ceent Setting Tie Te(t
OB*ECTI%E
T -t"! t( -(tt$n : ,$;t"r(- : #(,(nt 7$t -/n!6 0$,( /n! /- 7$t r(-(#t t t$,(9
RE#UIREMENTS B(/8(r-6 0/-- r!6 7($t-6 -,/00 7!(n &;(- r (,t ,/t# &;(-9 L$,(6 $t -/n!6 r$)(r -/n!6 #(,(nt6 /-6 r$#( "-89
PROCEDURE 19 Pr(/r( ,$;t"r(- : t( )/r$"- #,-$t$n- /$)(n $n t( :007$n &-(r)/t$n t/&0(9
29 T/8( (/# : t( ,$;t"r(- $n !$?(r(nt &(/8(r- /n! r(/r( t($r /-t(- & /!!$n ,$n$,", +"/nt$t : 7/t(r9 39 T/8( * (,t ,/t#&; $nn(r #/-(- /n! ,/r8 t(, :r, 1 t *9 49 F$00 tr(( #/-(- 7$t /-t( : (/# #,-$t$n9 59 Sr/ 7/t(r :r, t$,( t t$,( )(r t( /-t(- - t/t t( r(,/$n ,$-t /00 t( t$,(9 %9 A:t(r tr(( !/- t/8( "t n( -0/& : (/# #,-$t$n /n! t(-t :r t($r -tr(nt & t( ,(t! !(-#r$&(! $n r()$"- (;(r$,(nt9 7.S$,$0/r06 t/8( "t / -(t : tr(( -0/&- /:t(r !//n! t(n /:t(r 3. !/- /n! t(-t :r t($r -tr(nt-9
OBSER%ATIONS
B -(($n t( &-(r)/t$n 7( #/n (-t$,/t( t( /r!n(-- : t( -0/& 9
CONCLUSIONS Thes t r engt hoft hes l abi nc r eas eswi t hi nc r eas ei nt hes et t i ng t i meal l owed.
PRECAUTIONS 19 H/n!0( t( 0/-- 7/r(- -/:(09 29 A007 t( t$,( r(+"$r(! t -(t9 39 Sr/ n0 r(+"$r(! /,"nt : 7/t(r9
BIBLIOGRAPHY WWW.GOOGLE.COM NCERT LAB MANUAL FOR CLASS 12 WWW.SLIDESHARE.COM WWW.WONDERFULENGINEERING.COM
