Sengoidelc Old Irish for Beginners.pdf

Lesson 7

74 The o-stem adjectives The ostem adjectives are basically identical in inflection with ostem nouns, with two slight differences: in the neuter nominative and accusative plural the long form with the ending is exclusively used and the masculine accusative plural has a by-form in beside regular . After the classical Old Irish period the masculine nominative and accusative plural also take on the ending -a. The two examples below are masculine   catt b 'the white cat and neuter a r  ndess 'the right side (board) -a

-a,

ca

mu

rip

t

ct

.g.

  catt b

n k bv

a N r  N ndess N

 l n'd'es



 l chaitt l bl

n x' �v'

 l chlr l deissl

n xM' 8'es'



donl chat bl

don x �v

don XA 8'es



 N cat mbN

n  bv

donl chJr l dessl a N r  N ndess N



l chaitt bl

 x' �v'

 

 l chait bl

n x' �v'

 na cJr l (aH) dessaH

n kl() d'es



 aN cat mbnN

n  bv

 naN r N ndessN

n l n'd'es

 . 

donaib cattaib baib don�' kW bvW donaib raib dessaib donW klW d'esW  aH cattuH bnuH(aH) n kl() d'es n k bv/  na r l (aH) dessaH  x bv l chattuH bnuH

a .

  d chatf b

n d x �v'

.

  d chat b donaib dib cattaib baib

n d x �v donW d'W W bvW

pre.

 l n'd'es

  d N r  N ndessa   d N r  N ndess N donaib dib raib dessaib

n d l n'd'es n d l n'd'es donW d'W klW d'esW

Illustration 75: Inflection of article, noun and adjective

75 Exercise Now try to inflect the following words Decline them together with the article Combine them with the adjectives becc /beg/ 'small and  m6r /m/ 'big Becc is 'raisable and/or 'lowerable Diged, sacart and cenl do not exhibit syncope, and biad /bi8/ is contracted to bd /bia8-/ when an extra syllable is added  c • . a ndged /dliJ8/ (n) 'law   slg /sl/ (m) 'host troop �   tempul /tempu/ (m) 'temple   sacart /sagrt/ (m.) 'priest q;�  >- � • -(r   bl /b/ (m) 'lip, pl. mouth  t sc /iask/ (m.) 'fish :·�      16ech /lo/ (m) 'warrior :� . ' -( a cenl /ke/ (n) 'race people "   z /kua/ (m) 'bay harbor 1 a mbiad /bi8/ (n) 'food '

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-(

Ilustration 7.6 n beich dn 'the swift bees

53

p

holds a Ph.D. in Ind-European

Copyright© 2006 by Syracuse University Press Syracuse, New York 13244-5160 13244-5160

DAVID

All Rights Reserved

Vienna He is a lecturer at the Institut fr

STFTER

linguistics and Celtic studies from the University of Sprachwissenschaft at the University of Vienna and chair of

First Edition 2006 07 08 09 10 11

the Austrian Society for Celtic studies He has taught Old Irish 7

6

5

4

3

2

 This book was published with the assistance of a grant from the University of Viea All cartoons courtesy of Theresa-Susana Ills. Stylized Old Irish "Sengodelc on front cover and title page courtesy of the Board of Trinity College Dublin.  The paper used in this publication publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information ScencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials ANSI 3948-1984 TM Library of Congress Cataloging-inPublicaton Data

Stifter, David. Sengoidelc : Old Irish for begiers / David Stifter.lst ed. p.cm (Irish studie studies) s) Includes bibliographical references and index  ISBN 0-8156-30727 (pbk.  alk paper) 1 Irish languageTo 1100Grammar 1100Grammar I Title. II. Series Irish studies (Syracuse, N) PB1218S75 2006 491.6'282421dc22 2006045014

Manufactured in the United States of America America

for almost ten years

Contents

Introductioemrad

xi

Lesson 1

1

1.1 The Celtic languages languages in the context of the Ind-European Ind-European language family 1 I 12 The classi fication of the Celtic languages languages 2  13 The Continental Celtic languages languages and their attestation 3 1.4 The Insular Celtic languages languages and their attestation attestation 7  15. What is Old Irish? 9 Lesson 2

11

21 The writing of Old Irish 11  2.2 Ogam 11 I 23 Cl6 Gaelach 13  24 The Roman alphabet alphabet 14 Lesson 3

15

3.1 The phonological phonological system of Old Irish in comparison comparison 15 I 32 The phonological system of Old Irish 1 I 33 Pronunciation Pronunciation rules 19 I 34 Sample texts with phonological phonological analysis 25 35 Exercise 2  3. Exercise 28 Lesson 4

29

41 The initial mutations 29  42 The mutations of Old Irish 29  4.3 Lenition 30  4.4 Leniting forms 31  45 Nasalization 32  4. Nasalizing Nasalizing forms 32 I 47. Aspiraton 33 I 48 Exercise 34 Lesson 5

35

51 The grammatical categories of Old Irish 35  52 Nouns and adjectives: gender 35 I 53. Nouns and adjectives: number 35 I 54. Nouns and adjectives: adjectives: case 3  5.5 Adjectives 39 I 5. The article 39 5.7 Word order order 40 Lesson 6

41

.1. Nouns: declensional declensional classes classes 41 I 2 Adjectives: Adjectives: declensional classes 42  3 Declension: general remarks 42 I .4 Nouns: masculine masculine ostems 43 I 5 Variants of the ostem declension 44  Nouns: neuter ostems ostems 4 I 7 Exercise 47  8 Long vowels, words of more than one syllable and further subtleties subtleties 47 Lesson 7

50

71 The basic basic pattern of the masculine article 50 I 72. Variants in the basic pattern of the masculine The ostem adjective adjectivess 53 I 75 Exercise 53 article 51 I 73 The neuter article article 51 I 74 The Lesson Lesson 8

54

81. The Old Irish verb 54  82 Conjugation: Conjugation: general remarks 54  83 The verbal inflection 55 84 Verbs Verbs of the Wclass (verbs) 55 I 85 Exercise 5

V

Lesson 9

57 

9.1. Varia 57 I 9.2. Exercise 57 Lesson 10

59

10.1. Nouns: feminine -stems -stems 59 I 10.2. Variants of of the -stem decension 59  10.3. ben 'woman 61 Lesson 11

62

111. The basic feminine artice 62  11.2. Variants of the feminine artice 62  113. The artice after prepositions 63  11.4. The -stem adjectives 64  11.5 Exercise 65 Lesson 12

66

121. Verbs of the W2a and W2bcass W2bcass (Iverbs) 66 I 1.2. Exercise 67 I 123. The prehistory of the Wl and W2 ending sets 67 I 124. Possessive Possessive pronouns 69 Lesson 13

71

13.1. A poem 71  13.2. Varia 71  133. Exercise 72  13.4. Test 73 Lesson 14

74

14.1. Nouns: mascuine o-stems 74  14.2 Nouns: Nouns: neuter o-stems 75  143. Adjectives: o-stems 76 144. Exercise 76 Lesson 15

77

151 Verbs genera remarks on compound verbs 77 I 15.2 Verbs: deuterotonic and prototonic verba forms 78  15.3. Exercise 80  15.4. Adverbia compounds 80 Lesson 16

81

16.1 Varia 81 I 162. Exercise 81 Lesson 17

83

171. Nouns: feminine stems 83 I 17.. Adjectives: -stems 84 I 17.3 Nouns: feminine I-stems 84 174 Exercise 86 Lesson 18

87

18.1. The conjugated prepositions: genera remarks 87  18.2. The conjugated conjugated prepositions 1 89 18.3 Verbs of the S1-cass 90  184. Compound S1 verbs 92  18.5 Exercise 92 Lesson 19

93

19.1. From a poem poem 93  192. Varia 93 I 19.3 Exercise 95 I 19.4 From the Tn B6 Cuailnge 96 Lesson 20

97 

20.1. Nouns: mascuine and feminine i-stems 97 I 20.2. Nouns: Nouns: neuter i-stems 98  20.3 The i-stem adjectives 99  04. Exercise 99

vi

Lesson 21

100

211 The conjugated prepositions 2 100  212 Secondary or nominal nominal prepositions prepositions 101 I 213 Demonstra tive particles 102  214 Verbs of the S2-class 103 I 215 Verbs of the S3-class 104  216 The prehistory of the S1, S2 and S3 ending sets 105 I 217 Exercise 106 Lesson 22

107

221 From the Old ish Trads 107  222 From the Old rish glosses 107  223. Varia 108 224 Exercise 108  225 Test 109  226 Test 110  227 From a poem 110 Lesson 23

112

231 Nouns: masculine ustems 112 I 232 Nouns: neuter u-stems 113  233 Adjectives u-stems 113 234 Determining the stem class of adectives 114 I 235 Exercise 115 Lesson 24

116

241 The The cardinal numbers numbers 1-19 116 I 242 The ordinal numbers 1-19 118  243 The copula 119 Lesson 25

122

251 ixed pronouns class A 122 I 252 Exercise 126 I 253 Conjugated prepositions 3 126 254 Emphasizing particles 127 Lesson 26

129

261 Test 129 I 262 Varia 129  263 Exercise 130  264 From the Old Iish Trads 131 Lesson 27

132

271 Hiatus verbs 132  272 Verbs of the B-class 133 I 273 Verbs of the H2class H2cla ss 133 I 274 Verbs of the H3class 134 I 275 Exercise 134 I 276 The prehistory of of the hiats verbs verbs 135  277 The complete dependent forms at a glance 135 Lesson 28

136

281 The substantive verb 136  282 The verbal noun 137 I 283 nfixed pronouns class  139 284 Exercise 141  285 The conjugated prepositions 4 141 Lesson 29

143

291 Test 143  292 Varia 143  293 Exercise 144 Lesson 30

146

301 Nouns: the consonant stems 146  302 Guttural Guttural stems: consonantal declension in g 148 303 Guttural stems consonantal declension declension ink 148  304 Exercise 149  305 The conjugated prepositions 5 150 Lesson 31

151

311 Deponent verbs 151  312 W2 deponent verbs 151  313 W deponent verbs verbs 152 314 S2 deponent verbs 153 I 315 S3 deponent verbs 153  316 Exercise 154  317 The 3 rd person passive forms 154 I 318 The 1st and 2nd person passive forms 156 I 319 Exercise 157

vii