SCADA SCA DA SYSTEMS IN TNE TNEB B S.NAT S.NA TARAJAN AEE/SCADA/M AEE/S CADA/MADUR ADURAI AI
[email protected]
23.12.2013
SESSION TOPICS •
Introduction to SCADA
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SCAD SCA DA in TNE TNEB B
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ULDC UL DC SC SCAD ADA A
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DCC Visit
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R-APDRP
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DCC SCADA
SESSION TOPICS •
Introduction to SCADA
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SCAD SCA DA in TNE TNEB B
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ULDC UL DC SC SCAD ADA A
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DCC Visit
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R-APDRP
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DCC SCADA
WHA WH AT IS SC SCAD ADA A
SCADA SCA DA is the the acrony acronym m stands stands for SUPERVISORY UPERVISORY C CONTROL ONTROL A AND ND D A AT TA A ACQUISITION CQUISITION
A system which facilitates acquiring real time information from a remote station ther ere e by aidin ing g the operator to monitor and an d co cont ntro roll th the e re remo mote te sy syst stem em.. Control and data acquisi sittio ion n ca can n be from a si sin ngle point or from multip mul tiple le poi points nts
EVOLUTION OF SCADA First generation SCADA systems used Mainframe computers. Limited to a stand alone version. between 1950-70’s Distributed SCADA:(1970’s to Late 1980’s).Used in LAN Environment. Information between various units in the same environment shared on real time. Most of the systems were using proprietary protocols
Networked SCADA.It is the present day Technology used by most of the Utilities Uses IP supported protocols over WAN Fast and reliable
The Next generation will be of using webservers and other modern web tools. Will be using more IT friendly tools
WHERE DO WE USE SCADA POWER sector
Manufacturing units with ICS
Building management systems (BMS)
Police Department
Aviation
Oil & Gas Utilities
POWER SYSTEM NETWORK DIAGRAM 11/230KV
230 KV
230/110/33 KV
33/11KV
11/440 V
50MW GENERATION
TRANSMISSION
DISTRIBUTION
500 MW
PLC/DCS/ICS
SCADA EMS
SCADA DMS
SCADA IN POWER SYSTEMS
TRANSMISSION SCADA/EMS
DISTRIBUTION SCADA/DMS
TRANSMISSION SCADA / ULDC SCADA IN TNEB Phase 1 with ND110 computers at Chennai MLDC during 1987 and 5 RTUs were reporting that time
UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH Scheme is the present day system with GE Harris XA21 SCADA system commissioned during 2001
TNEB TRANSMISSION SCADA
Enhanced with 13 RTUs at 1991 (Phase 2)
Phase 3 – LDC’s at Chennai Madurai and Erode were revamped with Digital Alpha Servers.All these systems were connected to RSCC Bangalore during Phase 3
ULDC HIERARCHY IN SOUTHERN REGION
SRLDC BANGALORE KARNATAKA PONDYCHERY BANGALORE
HUBLI
DAVANGARE
KERALA TAMILNADU
ANDHRA KALAMACHERY
MADURAI
ERODE
CHENNAI
KANNUR
TIRUVENDRAM HYDERABAD
WARANGAL
KADAPPAH
VIJAYAWADA
COMPONENTS OF SCADA
RTUs
Communication media
SCADA Master control system
RTUs in in TRANSMISSI TRANSMISSION ON SCADA SCADA
GE ENERGY ENERGY D20 & D25 ABB SPIDER RTU RTU 200/211 DONGFANG DONGF ANG 1331 SYNERGY SYNERG Y HUSKY 6049-E70 YOKOGAWA DCS GE fa fanu nuc c PL PLC C 90-3 90-30 0
REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU) •
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A Ruggedized IED designed to collect, process and send field data to the Scada Master at a different diffe rent geographical geographical location location . RTU - A stand alone data acqui acquisitio sition n and contro controll system system also execut executes es the controls controls from the central system as well. RTU have have a specifi specificc RTO RTOS S tha thatt doe doess scanning, scanning, Proc Process essing ing and stori storing ng the inputs inputs,, as well well as monitoring the communications ports. It reports to to master when polled and responds with available data. The RTU will operate operate scanning its inputs, normally at a fairly fast rate. It may do some processing such as change of state processing, time stamping of changes, and storage of the data awaiting polling from the SCADA master It has the capacity of sending change of state events by sending Exception by polling messages
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Separate Driver for the communication to the SCADA Master. Master.
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Configurati Confi guration on tool to program program the RTU.
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System Diagnostics/ File transfer facilities are inherent feature
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Supports multiple protocols
TYPICAL RTU ARCHITECTURE
REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT Internal BUS arrangement
CPU
AI MFT1
AI Module
AI Voltage Transducer
DI Module
CMR BKR/ISO STATUS SPG
MFT2 MFT n
Current Transducer
DO Module
HDR BREAKER ON/OFF TAP RAISE / LOW
PROT. TRIP OLTC Transducer
TRF ALARM / TRIP SIGNALS
ISOLATORS OPEN/CLOSE
MFT SCHEME Modbus RS 485 Output To RTUs MCU Aux. 48V DC
PT supply
CT supply
ANALOG VALUES OBTAINING FROM MFT Individual P-G Voltages for all 3 phases Individual P-P Voltages for all 3 phases Individual Phase Currents Active Power (MW) Reactive Power (Mvar) Apparent power (S) Powerfactor Frequency (HZ) Energy Exp/Imp
RTU CONTROL SCHEME
HDR
Station DC +ve
To the Breaker, Isolator / OLTC
48V
Used for Breaker Close / Trip operations OLTC Tap position Raise /Lower Motorised isolators operation Control Output module of RTU
DIGITAL INPUT SCHEME DI module uses RTU DC across contacts
CMR
Breaker ON / OFF Spring charge Local/Remote switch position Protection trip(SOE) Transformer WT/Buch./OT Alarms Transformer PRV/Buch./CF /WTT trip Indications
+vefrom status point of the device Station DC-ve
EXISTING ARCHITECTURE OF ULDC SCADA MLDC CHENNAI OFC PLCC LEASED LINE
RTU 1
RTU 2
FEP
RTU n
SLDC MADUARAI PLCC /OFC
RTU 1
CELLULLAR TECHNOLOGY / VSAT LEASED LINE
RTU 2
FEP
RTU n
SLDC ERODE OFC PLCC
RTU 1
LEASED LINE
RTU 2
RTU n
FEP
A D A C S 1 2 A X s i r r a H E G
GPS MODEM
FIELD I/O’S thro MFT/CMR /HDR
RTU
D/A
PLCC PANEL
MODEM ANALOG COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
PLCC PANEL
A/D
BINARY OUTPUT FRM RTU
FIELD I/O’S thro MFT/CMR /HDR
FIELD I/O’S thro MFT/CMR /HDR
RTU
MUX
MUX DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
RTU
3rd Party Communications VSAT/MLLN/GPRS
FEP or CFE
SCADA MASTER CONSISTS OF APPLICATION SERVERS & WORKSTATIONS
INTEROPERABILITY
REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT
SCADA MASTER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
PROTOCOLS & INTEROPERABILITY Protocol is a defined set of rules formed to have communication between intelligent devices. It governs how message containing data and control information are to be knitted at source for their transmission across the network and then unwind when they reach their destination Interoperability is the ability of an IED to communicate exchange information with other vendors IED on a common platform (protocol) without any additional hardware/software
Protocol converters does the function of a translator aiding 2 systems operating on different protocols to communicate & exchange information
FUNCTIONS OF A MASTER STATION •
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Control Centre is a place where all the relevant real time data pertaining to geographically scattered elements of a network are available SCADA systems are used to monitor and control remote generation, transmission and distribution stations Acquire: Frequency, Volts, Amps, Kw, Kvars,PF etc… on an electric system Organize and store data for retrieval. Portrays information in a logical and organized fashion like – Alarms, Events, System maps, line diagrams, etc. Analyze: Trending, Load Forecasting/shedding Disturbance Capture Control: Activate switches, breakers, Tap raise low.
KEY FUNCTIONALITIES OF XA21 •
Real time Data Acquisition
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Preparing Trend charts
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Disturbance Data collection
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Continuous recording Database
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Alarms are displayed when the set limits for an analog values are violated
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Event summary preparation
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Maintaining data history for later analysis
SCADA FUNCTIONALITIES •
RTU Data acquisition
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Supervisory control
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Data exchange
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Data processing (Alarms,SOE,calculations)
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Disturbance Data Collection
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Historical Information Storage & Retrieval
EMS MODULES •
SIMILAR DAY FORECAST
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POWER NETWORK ANALYSIS
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INTER STATE TRANSACTION
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AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL(AGC)
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ECONOMIC LOAD DESPATCH
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UNIT COMMITMENT
EXISTING SETUP @ MLDC •
SCADA Servers (1+1) : GE Harris XA-21 System in IBM 6000 RISC M/C
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EMS Servers (1+1)
: IBM
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ISR Servers (1+1)
: IBM
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FEP (1+1)
: Motorola (128 Ports)
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OS
: UNIX
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Data Base
: Sybase
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Protocol
:IEC-60870-5-101 / RP570
21.01.2008
33
21.01.2008
34
Presently a total of 150 RTUs are reporting to TNEB ULDC SCADA
21.01.2008
35
21.01.2008
36
BKR ON status
21.01.2008
37
21.01.2008
38
21.01.2008
39
21.01.2008
40
21.01.2008
41
NEW ULDC SCADA ARCHITECTURE OFC NETWORK
DCPC 1
RTU 1 RTU 2 RTU n
RTU 1
ERODE SLDC with Remote Console
DCPC 2
RTU 2 RTU n
MADURAI BCC (ALSTOM SCADA MASTER)
RTU 1 OFC NETWORK
DCPC n
RTU 2 RTU n
DCPC
DATA CONCENTRATOR cum PROTOCOL CONVERTER
ROLE OF DCPC IN THE NEW SCHEME DATA CONCENTRATOR cum PROTOCOL CONVERTER (DCPC)
TERMINAL SERVER C C L P
IEC 101 RTU
L L
RP570 RTU
T A S V
DNP RTU
LOW SPEED SERIAL RTUs
SWITCH
C F O
IEC 104 RTU
G 3
IEC 104 RTU
IP NETWORK RTUs
DISTRIBUTION SCADA
R-APDRP •
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Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme Distribution sector reforms programmes were introduced during 20012002 in X th five year plan by GOI as APDRP. Central govt. launched R-APDRP in July 2008 to extend reforms in distribution sector This programme is being funded by central Power ministry with M/s PFC as Nodal Agency.
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Total fund allocation for this scheme is 50000 crores for all over India
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R-APDRP schemes divided as PART – A and PART-B
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The main objective of R-APDRP implementation is to bring down AT&C losses to 15% and (achieving 1.5% reduction in every year ) and improved customer satisfaction
R-APDRP OBJECTIVES
Establishing baseline data
Reduction of AT&C losses
Fixation of accountability
Commercial viability
Reduction of outages & interruption
Increase consumer satisfaction & Revenue
PART A
Consumer Indexing, Asset Mapping GIS Mapping of the entire distribution network Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) on DT & Feeders Automatic Data Logging for all Distribution Transformers and Feeders Feeder Segregation / Ring Fencing
Establishment of IT enabled customer service centres
SCADA/DMS in big towns
SCHEMES BEING IMPLEMENTED BY IT WING Baseline Data Acquisition (AMR) Management Information System
Customer Care Centre
Connection and Disconnection system
Energy Accounting and Auditing GIS based Consumer Indexing and Asset Mapping GIS based integrated Network Analysis
RAPDRP- PART B Revamping of 11 kV substations and transformers Re-conductoring of lines at 11 kV level & below Replacement of electromagnetic meters with tamper proof electronic meters Load Bifurcation, Load Balancing HVDS (11kV) Installation of capacitor banks & mobile service centres Aerial Bunched Conductors in populated areas Network Strengthening at 33kV or 66kV levels
STATUS OF AT&C and T&D LOSSES IN TNEB T&D LOSS IN 2007-08 - 18% AT&C LOSS IN 2007-08 - 19.17%
COMMERCIAL LOSSES
TECHNICAL LOSSES
1.Meter Defect, Poor meter accuracy etc.,
1.Transformer Loss
2.Human error in assessment
2.Line Loss
3. Theft-Tampering the meters
3.Unbalanced Loading
4.Inferior quality materials
4.Low HT/LT ratio
5.Discrepancies in Energy Bill Collection. Errors in Billing
5.Improper Earthing at Consumer End
RAPDRP ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA SCADA/DMS Project
Other modules in RAPDRP
SCADA –DMS eligible towns Chennai
Population 4 lakhs
Population 10000
Annual Consumption 350 MU
110 such towns identified
7 towns identified
Madurai Trichy Tirunelveli Coimbatore Tiruppur
Proposal cost 139 crores
Salem
WHY DO WE NEED SCADA •
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Unbundling of SEBs into Utilities changed the business environment Utilities are forced to run Business profitably DA is a tool using SCADA as a backbone to form an IT infrastructure required for Distribution systems A part of the system is automated. How much amount of automation to be introduced in the systems will be decided by the Utilities.
DCC Configuration in each CITY
Wall Display Screen
Development Server
Scada Server
Data (ISR) Server
Plotter
NMS/DMS Server
Work Stations
Engg. Stations
Printer
Wall Display Server
LAN-1
Printer Sharer
LAN-2 GPS Storage Device
Logger
Operator Stations Web Server LAN-1
R
LAN-2
R R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Fire Wall (DMZ) ICCP to ICCP to Madurai DRC Madurai IT-DRC
R
R
R
Fire Wall Web Exchange
IT Server
R
R
to 4 VDUs FEPs (1+1) Internet
Communication Server (1+1)
RTU + LDMS
Communication Diagram at each City
Sub Station #1
FRTUs
RMU # 1
256 Kbps-MLLN RMU # 2
Sub
Server at DCC
GPRS/ CDMA
Station # 2
RMU # N
Sectionalizer
Sub Station #3
2 Mbps MPLS
MLLN 256 Kbps
Sub Station # 4
Sub Station # n
2 Mbps MPLS R-VDU
Copper DRC MDR
DR-IT MDR
ULDC
VDU
DCPS to FRTU A and B
RTU/FRTU Schematic
Sub
FRTU-A
RMU
Station DCPS
RTU
FEP Server DCC
Communication Servers at DCC
256 Kbps MLLN
D/I 2X32
A/I 1X96
D/O 1X16
2 Mbps MPLS LDMS D/O 3X32
D/I 8X32 A/I 5X96 P/I 4X32
DRC MDR
DR-IT MDR
ULDC Server FRTU-B/C
A/O 1X8
Sectionalizer Misc. A/I 1X16
D/I 1X16
A/I 1X96
D/O 1X16
SCADA DR Centre Configuration at Madurai Data Repository Server
Work Stations Printer
LAN-1
LAN-2
Logger Storage Device LAN-1
R
R
DR Communication Server (1+1)
LAN-2
STAGES IN DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION DCC with
DMS/SCADA
SUBSTATIONS (PRIMARY NETWORK)
•RTUs to collect data from SS equipment •LOCAL SCADA
FEEDERS with FRTUs (SECONDARY 11 KV NETWORK )
•RMU • SECTIONALISERS •FPI
Abstract of Existing and Proposed Nodes of all the Project Areas Cities Sl. No.
Details
RTU/ FRTU Type
Total Chennai
Coimbatore
Madurai
Trichy
Tirupur
Tirunelveli
Salem
E
P
E
P
E
P
E
P
E
P
E
P
E
P
E
P
RTU-A
62
10
18
5
9
2
6
1
9
1
3
0
6
0
113
19
2 33 kV Sub Stations RTU-B
78
31
1
1
7
2
5
3
4
1
5
3
0
0
100
41
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
142
41
19
6
16
4
11
4
13
2
8
3
6
0
215
60
1
3
110 kV Sub Stations
11 kV Switching Stations.
RTU-B
RTU Total 183
4 5 Way RMUs
FRTU-A
5 3 Way RMUs
FRTU-B
0
6 Sectionalizers
FRTU-C
0
25
1158 1693
20
15
15
11
275
6
0
396
0
92
0
19
0
40
0
18
0
17
1158 2275
0
0
75
0
187
0
122
0
210
0
84
0
158
0
836
121
0
367
0
296
0
241
0
119
0
104
0
100
0
1348
1158 1814
0
838
0
575
0
382
0
369
0
206
0
275
1158 4459
FRTU Total 2972
838
575
382
369
206
275
Total No. of Nodes
5617 5892
RTU @ MADUARI /TRICHY/TIRUNELVELI City
Sub-station Name
City
Sub-station Name
City
Sub-station Name
Ellis Nagar Theppam
Thiyagarajanagar
Srirangam
Reddiarpatti
Ambikapuram
Pudur
Palayapettai
K.Sathanoor
Kovil
Thalaiyuthu
Trichy 110 kv ss
Avaniapuram Vandiyur
Kokkirakulam
Thennur
Tirunelveli Exhibition Ground
Trichy Court Campus
Anaiyur
Melapalayam
E.B Road
MG Nagar Villapuram
Palayamkottai
Thuvakudi
New bus stand (P)
Thiruverumbur
Samathanapuram (P)
Kambarasampettai
Udayarpatti (P)
Mannarpuram
Madurai Anna Bus stand Subramaniyapuram Mahalipatty Arasaradi Arapalayam Industrial Estate Anuppanady Samayanallur Thiruppalai Pasumalai
TOTAL : 41 stations
AUTOMATION COMPONENTS IN SECONDARY NETWORK •
Ring Main Units
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Auto Reclosures
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Sectionalisers
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Fault passage indicators
RING MAIN UNIT •
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RMU is a switchgear used in secondary distribution networks to provide uninterrupted supply to critical loads. In The conventional secondary distribution feeders Distribution Distribution transformers are then connected to the system by T-offs. Instead of specifying and selecting individual components required for a T-off, the required components are frequently available in an integrated package known as a ring-main unit. RMUs are available in various combinations such as
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Switch-fuse combination
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Simple switches in combination
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Switch – breaker combination
A SIMPLE 3 WAY RMU CONFIGURATION
FEEDER RTU •
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It does the similar functions of the RTU. Used in conjunction with the secondary 11 KV feeder network elements like RMU & sectionalizers The No. of I/O modules will be less in the FRTUs compared to RTU’s
FRTU
AUTO RECLOSERES •
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AR is a self contained device with the necessary intelligence to sense the Over currents from time to time & interrupt fault current and reenergise by auto reclousure action If the fault is permanent then AR locks down permanently after a pre-set no.of operations TNEB doesn’t use AR
SECTIONALISERS •
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These are the used to isolate the faulty section switches available in the secondary network. Used in conjunction with auto reclosures/RMUs The sectionalisers sense the current above the preset and goes in to the counting mode . Once the line is De- energised due to a fault or operation of a AR it can be set to open after a pre-set no.of counts are reached
FAULT PASSAGE INDICATORS •
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FPI s are designed to aid fault location on Distribution networks by detecting fault currents and appropriately generate visual indication and communicate When a fault is detected in the system the indicator operates alarm contacts for the remote indication and a internal LED to give a visual indication
DISTRIBUTION CONTROL CENTRE
SERVER ROOM
SERVERS SER VERS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
FEP Server SCADA Server ISR Server COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATIONS Server NMS Server DIRECTORY Server DEVELOPMENT server WEB Server DTS Server
Each server performs a defi de fine ned d fu func ncti tion on an and d th the e SCAD SC ADA A /DMS pla lattform is built in such a way to use the data available in the inde dep pendent servers to perform SCADA & DMS functionalities effectively
FEP / CFE SERVER •
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Field RTUs will physically get connected to the SCADA system through FEP FEP server acts as an interface between main SCADA system running on high speed and Field RTU’s running on slow speed It is a pre processing device of the input data than the main processor. Does functions like Telemeter control, Data collection, End to end management and reporting.
ISR SERVER •
Data from SCADA server will be stored in ISR for online backup
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Real time database snapshot, storage and playback
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Historical Information
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SOE data
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Alarm message log
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Event logs
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Storage of files
SCADA SERVER •
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This is the real-time DATA server Where all the data from the field will be stored and displayed Validates data for reasonability and communication failures Performs checks on process variable limits and executes user-defined calculations Determines the quality and integrity of acquired data – based on limits, normal/abnormal states, etc.
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Generates alarms for abnormal data conditions
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Provides remote supervisory control capability
ICCP SERVER •
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The redundant ICCP(Inter control centre communication server) servers used to retrieve, transmit and process data to and from remote sources i.e. remote control centres. Data retrieve and processed from remote sources may be stored in communication servers, which then distributes the data to other servers periodically or on demand. Handles the task of Information sharing between various Legacy control centres and Data Repository Centre and to the LDCs in the Transmission network
NMS SERVERS (NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ) •
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Used for performance monitoring of the servers, work stations and Routers and LAN equipments present in the SCADA system The system monitors the performance, availability of resources like memory/disk space and error statistics of all the servers, workstations and the networking equipments.
DIRECTORY SERVERS •
An Active Directory based domain controller also can act as a DNS server that registers the names and addresses of computers in the domain and then provides the network address of a member computer when queried with the computer's name.
WEBSERVERS WITH IPS •
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These are are servers installed in the DMZ of the SCADA system. i.e.) In the DMZ LAN allows external RVDU users to access SCADA data / displays The data will be accessed from ISR servers and not from SCADA server Webservers will be provided with Intrusion Prevention & Detection system (IPS) Redundant firewall systems (Hardware) will also be available in the DMZ Zone.
DEVELOPMENT SERVER •
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Does the functions like database creation / modification Acts as a testbench for the integration of a new RTU testing before putting in to Real time environment
SCADA FUNCTIONS •
Real Time Data Acquisition / processing /calculations
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GPS based time synchronization of RTUs /FRTUs
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Sequence of Events Recording
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Information Storage & Retrieval
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Continuous real time recording & playback
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Supervisory Control
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Data Exchange with IT system
DATA TYPES USED IN SCADA SYSTEMS •
Real Time data collected using RTU/FRTU
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Data from IT systems
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Calculated data
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GIS
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Pseudo manual data
ADVANTAGES OF USING SCADA Quick implementation of a decision
• Reduces man power • Operate while you view • Basic requirement to run Energy Management systems • Remote supervision & operation Data acquisition
• Real time data available at control point • Helps in decision making • Requirement to execute Supervisory control • Helps in data analysis • Gives you a picture of the whole system at real time • Facilitates data sharing
DMS MODULES Load Shed Application
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Fault Management & System Restoration
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Load Flow Application
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Network Connectivity Analysis
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Loss Minimization via Feeder Reconfiguration
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Load Balancing via Feeder Reconfiguration
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Voltage / VAR control
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Operation Monitor
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Training tool
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK MAJOR ELEMENTS TRANSFORMERS CIRCUIT BREAKERS
IED
FPI
ISOLATORS
LINE SEGMENTS 1/2/3 PHASE
RMUs
FEEDERS
SECTIONALISERS
CAPACITOR BANKS
FUSES
NETWORK CONNECTIVITY ANALYSIS •
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NCA module provides the connectivity between various network elements present in the distribution network The Network Topology shall be ascertained using this module by analysing the status of the Network elements such as Breakers/Isolators/Transformers at a given point of time This can be operated on Real time / Study mode NCA is useful in determining Bus Connectivity (Live or Dead) / Feeder connectivity
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Representing the possible alternate routes (loops)
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Network connectivity representing S/S as node
STATE ESTIMATION •
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SE helps in assessing the present state of the Distribution Network Assess loads of all the nodes and assess all the variables such as Voltage,Current In all the buses,sections and Transformers in the Distribution network
LOAD FLOW APPLICATION •
LFA helps to evaluate the unknown quantities of Real/Reactive power /Voltages/current at all the buses for a given network topology
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LFA uses Real Data / Calculated Data / Estimated data available
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Helps Dispatcher in taking decisions in the event of
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Feeder over loadings Power system Topology change like alteration in the Distribution system Transformer tap position Change / Capacitor /Reactor MVAR change
VOLT VAR CONTROL (VVC) •
VVC function provides to maintain High quality voltage profile by controlling reactive power flow by using the resources like
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OLTC for Voltage control
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Capacitor banks for VAR control
LOAD SHED APPLICATION •
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LSA helps to automate and optimise the process of selecting best combination of breakers/switches to be opened to shed desired amount of load. LSA determines different combinations to meet out the required load shed
FAULT MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEM RESTORATION •
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FMSR application helps the Dispatcher to detect,Localise,isolate and restoration of the Distribution system after an occurrence of a fault. FMSR uses the SCADA control for this purpose and the Network elements such as Auto reclosures,Sectionalisers and FPIs will be useful in Localise /Isolate and restoration of the system with minimum interruption
LOSS MINIMIZATION VIA FEEDER RE-CONFIGURATION •
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The information of Network Topology and availability of adjacent feeder networks can be useful in right selection of feeders with the overall aim of reducing line losses and maximum power delivery to the consumers This function helps in calculation of present losses based on the loading of all the elements present in the network. LMFR application can be used to have various scenarios for a given planned & un planned outages, Equipment operating limits while recommending the switching operations by LFA
LOAD BALANCING VIA FEEDER RECONFIGURATION •
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LBFR application is used for the optimum balance of the network segments that are over and Under loaded. LBFR ensures optimum Utilisation capacities of the Distribution Transformers and Feeders The dispatcher can have the option to simulate switching operations and visualise the effect on the network by comparisons based on the line loadings,Voltage profiles,Load restored,System restoration and no. affected of customers
LOAD FORECAST •
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LF uses information available in the historical database and Weather conditions data collected over a period of time to predict the requirement of customer loads. Short Time Load Forecasting will be used for the assessment of average Electrical loads from 1 to 7 days ahead. Long Time forecasting is used for forecasting load growths over long durations using methods like
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Least Square Method
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Kalman filter
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Time series method
