SBR Workshop Report

ADB TA 7055 IND Component B

Workshop on

Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process April 9, 2009 Amaltas Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

Asian Development Bank National Capital Region Planning Board

Capacity Development of the National Capital Region Planning Board TA 7055-IND Component B

Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process April 9, 2009 Amaltas Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

A.

Introduction

On Government of India’s request, Asian Development Bank (ADB) has formulated the technical assistance (TA) to enhance the capacities of National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) and its associated implementing agencies. The objective of this technical assistance (TA) is to strengthen the capacity at NCRPB, state-level NCR cells, and other implementing agencies in the area of planning for urban infrastructure and to impart necessary skills to conceive, design, develop, appraise and implement good quality infrastructure projects for planned development of NCR. The increased institutional capacity of the NCRPB and the implementing agencies will lead to effective and time scaling-up of urban infrastructure to (i) improve quality of basic urban services in the NCR; (ii) develop counter magnet towns; (iii) reduce in migration into Delhi and orderly development of NCR; and (iv) accelerate economic growth in the NCR. This TA is designed in three components: A, B and C. Component B focuses on strengthening the capacities of NCRPB and implementing agencies relating to project feasibility studies and preparation, and detailed engineering design in the implementing agencies. Specifically this component B of the TA will support the project preparation efforts of the implementing agencies by preparing demonstration feasibility studies that include all due diligence documentation required for processing of the project in accordance with best practices, including ADB’s policies and guidelines.

Besides, this component of the TA will also: (i)

help in assessing the current practices and procedures of project identification and preparation of detailed project reports including technical, financial, economic and social safeguard due diligence; support preparation of standard procedure manuals for project identification and preparation of detailed project reports including technical, financial, economic and social safeguard due diligence; train the implementing agencies in the preparation of detailed project reports by using the sample subprojects, reports on deficiency of current practices and standard protocol manuals; and help in developing a user-friendly web-page where different manuals and guidelines for preparation of DPRs will be made available for the implementing agencies.

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

As per the requirement of the scope of services for TA (Component B), the Consultants have planned three types training modules under training activities as follows: • • •

On-job Training; Structured Training through Workshops etc; and Preparation of Training Materials like Guidelines, Toolkit etc


Under the ‘workshops’ module, identified ‘Senior / Middle Management Staff’ from the Implementing Agencies NCRPB will be given training through workshop, presentations etc along with important deliverables. This will aim at appraising the procedures involved in the preparation of project identification and preparation so as to help them in taking management decisions along with better supervision control. B.

About this Workshop

As part of the series of workshops and Technical Lectures planned during the TA, the present ‘Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process’ (WS 2) was organized by the TA Consultant in co-operation with NCRPB. The purpose of this workshop was to share the experiences of the master plan / sector plan process the TA Team had during the sector plan preparation for the identified sample subprojects for water supply, sewerage and drainage sectors with all stakeholders including NCRPB, NCRPB State Cells, development authorities, ULBs and implementing agencies involved in urban infrastructure. As a separate workshop and technical lecture is planned subsequently for Solid Waste Management (SWM) with more focus, as suggested by NCRPB in one of the Review Meeting, SWM Sector is not included in the present workshop. Main objectives of the workshop include: Objectives 1. To appraise City level Master plan/ Sector Plan need and preparation processes. for urban core sectors and train the stakeholders 2. To discuss the findings of the ‘Interim Report’ in the area of Sector Plan preparation for the identified urban core sectors (water supply, sewer, and drainage) and get their feed back towards improving the prepared sector plans 3. .To share the experiences of the developments happening around in the areas of planning and selection of technology options for the urban core sectors through invited technical lectures 4. Strategic issues and emerging trends in urban infrastructure planning for urban core sectors 5. Obtain an involvement and commitment from participants to support the present TA process 6. Allow participants to provide their input into the DPR preparation in loan preparation process Date and Venue The Introduction Workshop was conducted on April 9, 2009 at Amaltash Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi. Dr. Noor Mohammed, Member Secretary, NCRPB had inaugurated the workshop and delivered the inaugural address. Photos of the Workshop proceeding are presented in Appendix 1.


Participants The workshop was attended by 40 participants with interest in contributing to the improvement and maintenance of the urban infrastructure in the NCR. Participants had representation from NCRPB, State NCR Cells, development authorities, ULBs, implementing agencies, academic institutions, Consultants from TA components (Component A & C.) and TA (Component B) Consultants. List of participants is attached in Appendix 2. Toolkit The participants were provided a toolkit containing hard copy of all presentations made during the workshop. C.

Agenda and Process

The agenda for the Workshop is shown is given in Appendix 3. In the opening session, Member Secretary, NCRPB had delivered the inaugural keynote address. The Member Secretary, NCRPB, in his inaugural address, explained the role of NCRPB in the areas of planning and development of urban core sectors in the National Capital Region. Preparation of the Functional Plans, Integrated Mobility Plans for all the major cities and towns in the NCR and City Development Plans (CDPs) for all the Metro and Regional Centre’s identified in Regional Plan-2021, details of the on-going sector specific studies, need for the planned approach with scientific approach for project identification for the controlled and desired development of the region, the role of Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the regional development through the present technical assistance and the proposed financial support, the role of the present TA towards the capacity development in the areas of bankable DPRs were the topics covered in the keynote address. Text of the inaugural address is placed at Appendix 4. This was followed by a presentation on ‘Master Plan Concept and its relevance in Urban Core Sectors Planning’ by the TA Team Leader. Subsequently, the following master plans/sector plans prepared under the TA Component B were presented (Presentation copies are attached at Appendix 5). Each presentation was followed by an open discussion in which active participation was witnessed from the delegates. • • •

Water Supply Sector Plan for Panipat Sewerage Sector Plan for Hapur Drainage Sector Plan for Hapur

In the second session, the following special technical lectures were delivered by the subject specialists, focusing the planning aspects of urban core infrastructures. • •

DSS (Decision Support System) Technology for Wastewater Treatment Options Integrated Water Resource Management : Singapore’s Experience

First technical lecture on ‘DSS Technology for Wastewater Treatment Options’ was delivered by Mr Subhash Verma, a renowned Sewerage Expert who had specialized in designing sewerage treatment plants. The lecture had focused on the objective and need for Decision Support System (DSS) on selection of treatment options, different technologies available including emerging technologies and their details, their relevance to different conditions, their pros and cons, cost implications, all with the reference to the requirements of NCR Region.


Second Technical lecture on ‘Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore’s Experience ‘was delivered by Mr. Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner (CRP), NCRPB. During this technical lecture, CRP had shared his experience of recent visit to Singpore and his observation on water resource management activities of Singapore Government in managing the available limited water resources with future perspective. Also the presentation had focused the areas like water recycling process, integration of different demand areas, demand-supply management, cost recovery system, user charges etc that are more relevant to the Indian urban water supply management. Both technical lectures were found to be informative and mind provoking and resulted in more intensive interaction from the participants. Most of the participants had participated in the discussions in which Mr Subhash Verma and Mr. Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner (CRP), NCRPB had explained for the queries from the participants. Finally, the Workshop was concluded with the vote of thanks delivered by Shri R K Karna, Director (A&F), NCRPB.

Appendix 1: Photographs

Appendix 3 National Capital Region Planning Board (ADB TA 7055 – IND, Component B) Workshop on Urban Infrastructure Master Plan Preparation Process at Amaltash Hall, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi on 9 April 2009 Program Activity & Subject Registration

Delivered By

Time 9.30 AM

NCRPB Way forward

Dr. Noor Mohammed, Member Secretary, NCRPB TA Team

10.30 AM

Master Plan Concept

10.45 AM 11.15 AM

Tea Master Plan for Water Supply

TA Team

11.30 AM

Master Plan for Waste Water Lunch Master Plan for Drainage DSS Technology for Wastewater Treatment Options

TA Team

12.15 PM 13.00 PM 14.00 PM 14.45 PM

Tea Integrated Water Management : Singapore Experience Thanks

TA Team Mr Subhash Verma , Sewerage Expert

Mr. Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner, NCRPB Director (A & F), NCRPB

15.45 PM 16.00 PM 16.45 PM

Appendix 4: Key Note Address by the Member Secretary, NCRPB Workshop on Master Plan Preparation Process for Urban Infrastructure (April 9, 2009, Amaltas, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi) Experts, Ladies and gentlemen It is my pleasure to be with you in today’s seminar on “Master Plan preparation process for urban infrastructure development”. A planned development is a well recognized strategy to achieve development objectives in a shorter time and in a more effective manner. NCR Planning Board is mandated under Section 7 of the NCR Planning Board Act, 1985 • To ensure proper and systematic programming by the participating States in regard to project formulation, determination of priorities in the NCR and phasing of development of the Region in accordance with stages indicated in the Regional Plan and • To arrange for, and oversee, the financing of selected development projects in the NCR through Central and State Plan funds and other sources of revenue. To fulfill this mandate the Board has adopted a planned strategy and has prepared Regional Plan 2021 which is a macro plan for development of the region. It is now in the process of developing a Business Plan, which goes to micro levels, to implement the policies and proposals of the Regional Plan. A number of initiatives have been taken to meet the challenge. Till now the Board lacked good projects for financing and was constrained to fund those presented before it by the NCR constituent states. Now the Board has initiated steps to plan and develop shelf of projects that are in sync with the overall development of the region. The more notable of these steps are: New Plans: • Preparation of Functional Plan on Tourism in the NCR because well designed tourism circuits in NCR have substantial potential to create jobs in the region. • Preparation of Integrated Mobility Plan for all the major cities and towns in the NCR. • Preparation of City Development Plans (CDPs) for all the Metro and Regional Centres identified in Regional Plan-2021. Model CDPs for two centres are being prepared through ADB assistance and the rest will be got prepared by NCRPB through out-sourcing. Expediting on-going studies: • Study on the Integrated Transportation Plan for NCR was expedited. The consultant has submitted Draft Final Report which was extensively discussed in a Seminar organized for this purpose. The draft report has identified a number of priority investments that need to be implemented for creating an efficient transportation system in the NCR. The matter has been taken up with the Transport Secretaries of the constituent states to fix priority among these projects and reserve land well in advance for projects to be implemented in the future. In addition, dialogue has been initiated with funding agencies such as ADB, JICA etc. to find funds for these projects. • Study on Augmentation of Water Supply in NCR was expedited and a seminar has been organized to invite suggestions of the stake holders. The consultant is preparing Draft Final Report and it is expected to be submitted soon. In the meantime, the

•

•

concerns highlighted by the consultant, particularly the one regarding the ground water recharge, have been taken on board. A dialogue has been initiated to find funds to address the problem and a tentative proposal has been submitted to KFW for considering funding of ground water recharge projects in the NCR. Studies on Power sector and Drainage in NCR are being done at a pace slower than desired. Efforts are underway to expedite these studies so that issues concerning Power and Drainage can be addressed in a planned manner. New studies on social infrastructure, handicraft and household industries and socioeconomic study are being undertaken to prepare functional plans for development of these sectors.

It is intended that these planned efforts bear desired fruits and for that to happen the required capacities have to be developed. This seminar aims to emphasize importance of planned development and disseminate the knowledge regarding preparation of sector Master Plans. The Master Plan will take into account sustainable development and sustainability with the recognition that current consumption and living habits may be leading to problems such as o deficiency in service delivery for basic infrastructure o the overuse of natural resources, o un-optimal use of available scarce resources due to lack of co-ordination in planning o ecosystem destruction, o pollution, o growing social inequality and o large-scale climate change. The Master Plan Approach, while keeping sustainability issues in mind, involves making choices among the options that appear open for the future, and then securing their implementation, which depends upon allocation of necessary resources. Thus Master plan is a tool to guide and manage the growth of cities in a planned manner. The master plan helps to arrest the ugliness and haphazard growth of big cities and guides the future development in a planned planner. It also facilitates phased developments to achieve the single development vision of ‘optimum utilization’ of available scarce resources. Approach to the city level / regional level infrastructure development should be premised on sector level master plans. In its comprehensive approach the first focus shall be on sector level analysis limiting to the service area (city/development authority area), appraising the existing system performance and o identifying the problems, o projecting the future demands and o Improvements/ augmentations required to achieve the acceptable levels. o Subsequently, the priority projects and components shall be identified for detailed studies from the Sector Master Plans prepared. It is, therefore, evident that a planned development is needed to implement the policies and proposals of the Regional Plan of NCR. o

Asian Development Bank Technical Assistance for NCRPB The objective of the present Asian Development Bank (ADB) Technical Assistance (TA) is to strengthen the capacity at NCRPB, state-level NCR cells, and other implementing agencies in the area of planning for urban infrastructure. This will help to (i) improve quality of basic urban services in the NCR; (ii) to develop counter magnet towns; (iii) to reduce in migration into Delhi and orderly development of NCR; and (iv) to accelerate economic growth in the NCR. Component B of this ADB TA focuses on to impart necessary skills to conceive, design, develop, appraise and implement good quality infrastructure projects for planned development of NCR, through demonstration process of preparing model projects. This component of the TA will produce outputs like: o Bankable Detailed Feasibility Study Reports of identified projects including all due diligence documentation required for processing of projects for funding purpose; o Standard Procedure Manuals for project identification and preparation Present Workshop on Master Plan Preparation Process Initial Outputs of the TA, in terms of Mater plan for the identified sectors (water supply, sewerage, drainage, solid waste management and transport) for the sample towns, are prepared through the systematic approach. Experiences and the process of Sector level Master plans prepared for the water supply (Panipat Town), sewerage (Hapur Town) and drainage (Hapur Town) sectors are shared with the stakeholders as part of the capacity development program in this workshop. The Way forward Stakeholders and their officials consisting of planners and engineers participating in this workshop can benefit by sharing the experiences of the TA Team in approaching the projects identification for DPR preparation through sector level master plan approach. Detailed presentations to be followed on the Sector Plans prepared for water supply, sewerage and drainage sectors can explain the components, process, outputs required for a typical sector plan with futuristic approach for a city development. By having appropriate interaction through discussion process, this experience can be transplanted in your towns, in your sectors for project identification. In the subsequent workshops, the experiences of the DPR preparation along with the required duediligence activities (technical, environmental, social rehabilitation, economic and financial) will be shared with you by the TA Team. Demonstration of planning and implementation process for urban infrastructure projects through ‘lessons learned’ format by visiting successful projects will also have more positive impact on the urban development. ADB TA has also proposed for few field visits to such representative successful projects across the country for the benefit of the stakeholders in NCR. I hope this seminar will benefit all the participants and stake holders engaged in development of NCR. Thanks.

Urban Sector in India

Capacity Development of the NCRPB ADB TA 7055 IND Component B

Master Planning for Urban Infrastructure

NCRPB, New Delhi April 9, 2009

Urban population has grown at about 4% p.a. vis-à-vis 1.5% growth in rural areas Urban population 23% in 1981 increased to 30% in 2001 and likely to be 36% in 2011 Two-thirds of the above live in Class I (lakh plus) cities Metropolitan (million plus) cities have increased from 5 in 1951 to 27 cities in 2001 Second largest urban system in the world Comprises of over 3700 urban local entities (municipal corporations, councils, city-rural bodies, etc.)

1

Urbanization-boom for economy

Urbanization : Provides Better Life

In India 60% of GDP and 90% of revenue comes from urban although population is 30%

Higher is level of urbanization higher is GDP per capita of country Higher city size – more is productivity per capita

Cities have greater output / productivity per capita than rural areas

Migration to urban – more wealth of nation

Urbanization promotes human development Cities are centers of excellence for education, health care, innovations, entrepreneurship, business, commerce, industry, culture and social services Cities are large markets for all types of products, goods and services Cities are primary centers for jobs, employment & livelihood opportunities

Productivity of city / nation would further increase if cities function more efficiently

Infrastructure Situation Access to safe drinking water (Piped water in house) Households having water toilets Connected to public sewerage system Garbage collection Municipal Authorities Living in squatter settlements

Urban Infrastructure: need

Rakesh Mohan Committee: Rs 28000 Crore As per PM’s speech in 2004: US$150b in next 10 years In terms of GDP 8% of GDP including 2% Pvt

Present spending

60% 46% 28% 60% 21%

i) 2.8% of GDP(Govt.) ii) 0.8% of GDP(Private)

China is spending appx. 7 times(US$150b/year) as compared to India(US$20b/year)

Urban Infrastructure situation

Inadequate Water Supply and sanitation system, Unsafe Water Supply Severe traffic congestion Proliferation of low grade housing including slums & informal settlement

Environmental degradation of air, land and water

Solid Waste not collected completely & improper disposal

Lack of financial, technical, managerial & administrative capacity

Urban Infrastructure Situation

In appropriate land management

High level of urban poverty

Low quality of life indicated by poor health standards

Serious social problems as shown by increasing incidence of crime, violence and vandalism Continued urban growth is expected to compound these problems

Low motivation of staff, no ownership no sense of care

Poor governance

Lack of political will

Inefficient and leaking water supply systems

Unplanned and Uncontrolled growth of towns

Ad hoc and temporary solutions


Urban Infrastructure :Planning

Low tariffs, poor collection efficiency

Ad hoc & poor quality of maintenance

No public participation

Plan nuts and bolts

Unsatisfied consumers

Take adequate time in planning

Urban poverty is more harsh and extreme. It is manifested in poor quality of life, low income, low paying jobs, high living costs, long journey to work, shortage of housing, environmental risks

Plan for Long Period

More area

Planning for Region, Sub-Region, Cluster, City

Sustainable Planning (environmentally & financially)

Quality of construction

Planning: Population Forecast Year

Population (in lakhs)

1951

0.49

1961

0.55

1971

0.71

1981

1.03

1991

1.46

2001

2.12

2011

2.78

2021

3.65

2031

4.79

2041

6.28 Geometric Increase

Investment for Urban Infrastructure is cost effective- more benefits

Urban Infrastructure :Master Plan

Planning Stages

Master Plan, Development Plan, Sector plan

Phasing of Master Plan Investments

Concept report, Prefeasibility Report, Feasibility Report, DPR, Detailed Engineering Report

Report required for approval of loan

Report required for implementation


Optimum solution

Conceive vision, goal, objective

Consider local conditions

Consider policies, guidelines and applicable regulations

Thank You

What is Master Plan? It defines broad picture of Infrastructure requirement of : *A defined Geographical area *Over a defined period of time *Should address all components of particular Infrastructure *Provide for phasing of activities, as reqd.

MASTER PLAN WATER SUPPLY PANIPAT

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Master Plan Water Supply Panipat

1

opg

Requirements for Master Plan

Continued:

Details of existing Infrastructure Detailed Land use Plan for the projected period of planning with boundary limits Details of likely developments in the proposed geographic area effecting migration of population Status of existing and proposed developments of other infrastuctures opg


Demographic history with wardward-wise/areawise/areawise breakbreak-up of the town Alternative sources of water Detailed topographic map of the development area Problems experienced in O&M of existing system and deficiencies, if any

3

opg

Continued

Analyze existing water supply system Evaluate alternative sources of water from technotechno-economic points of view Make Demographic projections Fix the Design Criterias Make water demand projections Divide the development area in Zones for water distribution system design Master Plan Water Supply Panipat

4


Process of M.P. preparation

opg

2


Design the water production system from the source selected Design distribution system Design the O&M system Define the Institutional set up for Execution and O&M Prepare block cost estimates

5

opg


6

Continued

Prioritise different components of the Master Plan from the points of view of technical and physical requirements Prepare an investment plan for Phase wise implementation Get Environmental, Social and Economical analysis done

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7

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8

9

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10

AREAS OF DIFFERENT LIMITS PARTICULARS

AREA IN HECTARES

MUNICIPAL LIMIT

1717

CONTROLLED AREA I

6740

CONTROLLED AREA II

22800

MASTER PLAN 2021

7011

opg


Population Growth Panipat

Population Projections (2011 – 2041)

(1951 – 2001) Year

Population

Area (ha)

Density (ppha)

1951

54981

770

71

-

1961

67026

770

87

21.9

1971

87981

770

114

31.3

1981

137927

1987

69

56.8

1991

191000

1987

96

38.5

2001

261740

1987

132

37.0

Mathematical Projections

Projected Population

Year

Develop ment PlanPlan2021

Arithmet ical Method

Increme ntal Method

Exponen tial Method

Growth Growth Computed Rate by Rate Population Incremen Allocated tal (%) Method (%)

2011

5,06,866 (43%)

4,42,864

4,99,438

566,637

41.0

41.34

500,543

2021

7,09,612 (40%)

5,31,580

7,01,302

906,619

40.4

42.87

715,105

2031

6,20,296

9,59,740

1,450,59 0

36.9

33.33

953,484

2041

7,09,012

12,74,75 2

2,320,94 4

32.8

28.33

1,270,597

Growth Rate (%)

Population as per 2001 census is 3,54,148 opg


11

opg


12

Population Adopted YEAR

Present Water Supply sources

POPULATION

2011

5

2026

8.05 Lac

2041

12.70 Lac

System

Production Capacity

115 TW within Municipal 56.31 MLD Area 39 TW outside Municipal 9.07 MLD Area 41 TW in HUDA Area 15.66 MLD

Lac

Total capacity 195 TW 81.05 MLD opg

13


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Location of Tube Wells (Municipal Area) Area)

PanipatPanipat-Existing Water Supply Distribution System

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15


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16

Ground Water Exploitation status Panipat District

WATER SUPPLY LEVEL Total Production Capacity Likely UFW Net Water Supply Population 2008 (Appox) Present Service Level

14

81.05 MLD 40% 48.63 MLD 4.86 lac 100 lpcd

17

opg

Block

Exploitation Level

Bapoli

186 %

Isarna

16 %

Madlauda

129 %

Panipat

137 %

Samalkha

181 %

Average level for 156 % District Master Plan Water Supply Panipat Master Plan Water Supply Panipat

18

Ground Water Drop in Panipat District

GROUND WATER FLUCTUATION - PANIPAT

June 1974 – June 2007

Panipat

SWL June 74 SWL June 07 Drop in Water Level (m) 3.81 21.2 17.39

Madlauda

4.57

9.49

4.92

Samalkha

5.16

20.09

14.93

Isarna

3.87

7.43

3.56

Bapoli

5.39

13.01

7.62

Block

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19


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Tube Wells, Panipat

opg


20

Industrial Waste flowing in Drains

21


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22

OBJECTIVES

Water Demand Forecast

PROVIDE GOOD QUALITY POTABLE WATER IN ADEQUATE QUANTITY AND WITH DESIRED TERMINAL PRESSURE

Designed Rate of Water Supply UFW Provision Demand 2011 with UFW 40% Demand 2026 Demand 2041

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160 lpcd 15 % 112.5MLD 130 MLD 196 MLD

PROVIDE 24X7 WATER SUPPLY REDUCED UFW IMPROVED CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IMPROVED COST RECOVERY 23

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24

Proposed Water Supply Zones - Panipat

ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES LOCAL GROUND WATER DELHI PARALLEL BRANCH CANAL YAMUNA RIVER

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25


opg

Munakh Regulator

Upstream opg

Delhi Link Channel at Munakh Regulator

Downstream Master Plan Water Supply Panipat

27

opg

YAMUNA RIVER


28


Salient Features Water Treatment Plant Clear Water Pumps Raw Water Pumps Pumping mains 700mm 500mm 400mm 350mm 300mm Clear Water Reservoir Total OHSRs capacity

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26


29

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200 MLD 8nos. 590lps 46m 6nos. 625lps 8m 29500m 2750m 2750m 9870m 9400m 8500m 20 ML 64 ML 30

Proposed Water Supply System - Panipat

Salient Features (Contd.) Rehabilitation & Extension of Distribution system Providing Water Meters 800mm 4 nos. Zonal 32 nos. Consumer Meters 33000 nos. Change of all Consumer Service pipe lines with MDPE pipes UFW reduction Program through DMA method Training Center opg


31

opg


32

33

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34

Cost Estimates Particulars

Cost (Rs.million)

Production system

804.13

Pumping main pipe lines

593.56

Zonal Reservoirs

640.00

Distribution system

170.63

Water Meters

183.30

Tube Wells Improvement

46.63

Misc. Items

200.00

Physical contingency @10%

275.88

Total

2902.00

opg


Cost Estimate (Phase wise) Phase - I Phase - II Production system 523.45 280.68 Pumping pipe lines 207.86 385.70 Zonal Reservoirs 420.00 220.00 Distribution system 124.10 46.53 Water Meters 183.30 Tube Wells 46.63 -

List of Zones

Particulars

Phase I – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 14 to 21, 24 to 29 Phase II - 6, 7, 8, 10 to 13, 22, 23, 30 to 32

Improvement Misc. Items

Physical contingency @10% Total opg


35

opg

100.00 177.30

100.00 98.58

1765.88

1136.20


36

Operation & Maintenance SCADA FOR OPERATION OF RWPS, WTP, CWPS, BOOSTER PS, TUBE WELLS & CONTROL OF OHSR LEVELS O & M OF PRODUCTION SYSTEM UP TO OHSR TO BE PLACED UNDER MANAGEMENT CONTRACT BILLING & REVENUE COLLECTION TO BE PRIVATISED opg


37

THANKS

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38

Existing Sewerage System in Hapur Capacity Development of the NCRPB


Preparation of Master Plan for sewerage Specific Reference for Hapur

NCRPB, New Delhi April 9, 2009

Sewerage system laid in 1972 Covers 20 % area 15 KM sewers 150-850 mm dia One pumping station 4 turbine pumps of 30 KW each Rising Main 450 mm Cast Iron and 450 mm RCC NP2 No STP Pumped sewage earlier used for irrigation but now due to urbanization no takers

1

Existing Sewerage System in Hapur

Existing sewers are blocked Sewers are overflowing Sewers discharge waste in drains Man holes filled with solid waste Sewage Pumping Station is very old, in bad condition and pumps lived there normal life One pump operates 2 hours a day against installation of 4 pumps- Indicate 5% flow reaches SPS

EXISTING SEWERAGE SYSTEM HAPUR

Proposals for Sewerage Scheme UP JAL NIGAM initiated proposals for sewerage scheme but the State Government decided to take up sewerage schemes for district head quarters and as such at present scheme preparation is on hold HPDA insist that special approval for sewerage scheme for Hapur shall be taken from state government HPDA is laying sewers in the sectors being developed by them but finding problem of final disposal and comprehensive planning

Planning: Population Forecast

Planning: Horizon BASE YEAR

2011

PLANNING HORIZON

2041

PLANNING HORIZON OF 30 YEARS TAKEN TO MATCH DESIGN PERIOD OF 30 YEARS FOR MOST OF THE ELEMENTS

Year

Population (in lakhs)

1951

0.49

1961

0.55

1971

0.71

1981

1.03

1991

1.46

2001

2.12

2011

2.78

2021

3.65

2031

4.79

2041

6.28 Geometric Increase

Planning: Project Area

Planning : Zones

Sl. No. Particulars

Area in ha

1

Municipal Corporation Area

1401

TOPOGRAPHY FLAT TOPOGRAPHY –GROUND LEVELS VARY 211 M213 M, LEVEL NEAR STP 210 M

2

Master Plan 2005 Area

4633

MAJOR PHYSICAL FEATURES

3

Master Plan extended

4

Land Use 2007

Area

2005

recently 5522

9733

RAIL LINE/NATIONAL HIGHWAY/MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY/HPDA DEVELOPMENT

Sewerage Zones - Hapur

Population Forecast year

Population Year

Projected Population

1951

0.49

2011

2.78

1961

0.55

2021

3.65

1971

0.71

2031

4.79

1981

1.03

2041

6.28

1991

1.46

2001

2.12

Geometric Increase

All figures are in lakhs, UP Jal Nigam projected population of 425331 in year 2034, NCR plan 2021 proposed population for Hapur & Pilkhua of 450000 in 2021 and 350000 in 2011

Population Density

Zonal Population

Location

Population year 2041

Area in Hectares

Population Density

Municipal Boundary

364631

1401

260

263671 Area outside municipality but with in project area

4121

64

Total Area

5522

114

628302

The wards with high density will now grow at less rate and wards with low density will have high growth Ward populations have been projected up to year 2041 Zone population has been worked out from ward population

Design Criteria

Flow generation 80% of water supply @135 LPCD Ground water infiltration if sewers below ground water level Peak factor 3 to 1.6 as per contributing population Minimum velocity 0.6 m/sec in beginning for peak flow

Design Criteria

Design Criteria

Maximum velocity 2.75 m/sec Sewer flow 0.8 full at ultimate peak flow Man hole at each change of direction Depth size & spacing of man hole as per IS Minimum pipe dia 150 mm RCC NP3/NP4 pipe with sulphate resistant cement PVC/HDPE pipe in shallow streets & for house connections

Design Criteria

Sewage treatment process: depend on land cost, method of disposal of waste, operational cost Waste stabilization process proposed due to low operation cost Provide 200 meter buffer plantation zone

Design Criteria

Phasing of Investment

Rehabilitate existing sewerage & Pumping Station and Extend sewerage in Municipal area and HPDA 9 Sectors in Phase 1 Other areas in phase 2,3,4,5

Land requirement Treatment Process

Land required

Activated Sludge process/Trickling Filter

0.5 Acre/MLD

Aerated Lagoons

1.2 Acre/MLD

Waste stabilization Plant

2.5 Acre/MLD

UASB

0.42 Acre/MLD

Extended aeration

0.35 Acre/MLD

Proposals

Minimum cover 1 meter Maximum depth 8-10 meter Pumping Main: Economic dia, maximum velocity 3 m/sec Pipe DI/PSCC Pumping Station: Sump 5 minute storage, Non clog submersible pump, pumps to take peak flow and minimum flow

Sewers at 125 m/hectare=650 km of which 90% will be laterals 150/200 mm dia Outfall sewer 1000 mm for zone 1,1100 mm for zone 3 and 700 mm for zone 4 PVC pipe to connect houses to sewer 410 km Sewage Pumps

For year 2026

For year 2041

Existing SPS

4 No*40 KW

4 No* 40 KW

SPS South

5 No*40 KW

300 KW

South East

3 No*20 KW

155 KW

Proposals

Proposals

Waste Stabilization Plants capacity proposed and land required are as follows STP

Phase 1

Phase 2

STP South

25 MLD

24 MLD

STP East

5 MLD

Phase 3

14 MLD

land

STP

Year 2011

Year 2026

Year 2041

61 ha

STP South

102 ha

130 ha

219 ha

19 ha

STP East

18 ha

33 ha

84 ha

Estimated Cost Lack Rs S No 1 2 3

Phas Phase Phas Phase Phas e1 2 e3 4 e 5 Gran 2009- 2014- 2019- 2024- 2029- d 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033 Total

Item Rehabilitation of existing system New Laterals

198

7 8

Total

9

1706

Trunk Mains New Sewage Pump House STP Land Acquisition Low Cost Sanitation, Mtc Eqp

4 5 6

Contingencies

3759

2044

1200

1050

400

350

600

681 45 540

8058

2875

3311

1600

1400 17243

9508

3393

3906

1888

1652 20347

1253 47 900 1700

569

200

With Contingencies

Treated waste shall be used for irrigation. Area irrigated shall be as follows

The cost is based on current prevalent rates. The price contingency has not been taken. Provision for other contingencies taken as below Physical contingencies at 10% Environmental mitigation at 1% Social Interventions at 1% Institutional Development Interventions at 1% Design and supervision at 5%

O & M Cost (Additional in each phase) :Rs Lacks per Annum S No Item 1 Rehabilitation 2 Sewers 3 M&E 4 Staff

Phase 1

18.69

Total

Phase 4

Phase 5

6.82

4

3.5

1.37

32.5

7 South

10 STP Energy

5.69

1.41 18.69

9 STP

Phase 3

0.89 12.53

5 SPS SPS Energy Energy old East Energy 6 SPS 8 Civil SPS

Phase 2

Thank You

3.27 0.45 4.5

3

60

48

2.7 28

152.9

56.69

38.88

4

3.5

Drainage system-Broad Objectives Capacity Development of the NCRPB

To remove storm water and sullage for minimizing:


¾

Preparation of Drainage Master Plan

¾

NCRPB, New Delhi 9 April 2009

¾ ¾ ¾

Public Health hazards Inconvenience to residents Deterioration of the Environment Prevention of flooding Interference to other Infrastructure Services

1

Drainage – Important Aspects Retention basins Importance of retention basins like lakes, tanks, parks etc to be considered. ¾

¾ ¾ ¾

They store flood waters and prevent inundation of d/s areas They also aid in building up GWT Prevent flash floods Provide source of water supply

Encroachment in retention basins to be strictly prohibited

Drainage Systems

Combined systems: ¾

¾

Storm flows are much higher than sewage flows. Much higher size sewers are required High peak flow fluctuations in Wet and Dry seasons cause problems for Sewage treatment Plants

Drainage – Important Aspects

During storms, drains overflow and paved roads act as drains. Thus storm water drains are designed optimally and allowed to overflow onto roads

Failure to provide drains when roads are laid may damage roads and also costlier to build later

Drains will not function if levels do not match with roads and are not linked to ultimate disposal

Data Requirement

A base map for the town with a contour overlay

Short Duration Rainfall Data

Natural Drains/ Streams

Existing Drainage System

Flood Prone Areas

Separate systems:

Storm water and sullage are carried through open drains/pipe lines. In general, Combined System not usually suitable for Indian conditions

Pavements and drains should always be considered as an integrated whole

Hapur- City Overview

Hapur - situated in Ghaziabad district - 65 Km from Delhi. Almost flat topography. The general slope of the town is from North to South. RL varies from 213 to 210 m above MSL. The depth of sub – soil water in the town varies from 9 to 12 m during different seasons. No perennial surface source in and near the town

Approach & Methodology

Collection of Secondary Data - Town Development Plan 2005, Historical rainfall information from ‘Report on rainfall data of New Delhi (Year 1986-2006) of UP Jal Nigam Field Investigations - Existing storm drainage system Rainfall Analysis - Design intensities were estimated and intensity duration frequency (IDF) curves were plotted. Hydraulic Analysis & Capacity - Design flows based and hydraulic capacity of the drains was analyzed

EXISTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM Four major drains Drain No1 Drian No 2 (Choya nallah) Circular road drain Delhi Garh road drain. All the drains ultimately flow into the Kali river- south of the town. Drain No 1 and Choya Nallah converge at Rampur road near Haddi meel and flow in to the Kali river.

DRAIN NO 1

DRAIN No 2 (CHOYA NALLAH) • • •

• •

Main drain of the Hapur city Enters at Hasoda village to Kali river Passes through Jasroop Nagar, Adarsh Nagar, New Ganesh nagar, Lajja puri, Ramgarhi village and Shiv garhi village of the town. Length of the drain - about 4Km. Most problematic areas and particularly in absence of the sewerage system the drain acts as sewer line.

DRAIN NO 2 Hasoda to Dastoi road

DRAIN NO 2 Modinagar crossing to Delhi Moradabad railway crossing

Railway crossing to chamri road crossing

DRAIN No 3 (CIRCULAR DRAIN) Channeled Drain At start – Delhi Garh Road –width – 0.3m •At Sikander Gate – 0.8m X 0.45 m •At Garh Ghati Chowki – 3m x 2.8m •Length – About 2.1 Km •Full of Sewer •

Dastoi Road to Modinagar road crossing

DRAIN NO 2 Chamri road crossing to Delhi Garh road crossing

Delhi Garh road crossing to Ramgarhi village

FLOOD PRONE AREAS

•

•

•

•

Adarsh Nagar - the choya nallah disappears and the water spreads in to the field and the colony. Habitation settled on the bed. Ganesh Nagar & Lajja Puri - Densly populated; drain restricted to about 2m width and flows in between the houses; drain acts as sewer and is blocked by solid waste. Gol market - at the Delhi Garh road; Due to break in the Delhi Garh drain

DESIGN PARAMETERS Adopted - Guidelines of CPHEEO manual Basic Design Parameters • Frequency of storm / return period • Depth –duration of storm • Time of concentration • Run off coefficient for the project area • Flow in the channels •

DESIGN PARAMETERS

DESIGN PARAMETERS

The peak runoff - Rational formula

Time of Concentration

Qp = CIA/360

Where, Qp - peak flow in m3 /sec C – Runoff coefficient I – design rainfall intensity mm/hr A – Contributory area in hectares

Runoff coefficient

Runoff coefficient •

Type of area Commercial/Industrial Residential area : i) High density ii) Low density Parks & undeveloped areas

Imperviousness (%) 70 to 90

60 to 75 35 to 60 10 to 20

Time required for rain water flow over ground surface from the extreme point of drainage basin to reach the point under consideration. Time of Concentration Tc=Time of Entry Te +Time of Travel Tf Te = (0.87){(L^3)^0.385}/(H) L = Distance of critical point to drain in Km H = fall in level from critical point to drain level in meters For design – intensity of rainfall corresponding to Tc from the graph

Mainly residential with high density to low density, imperviousness cover of 60% may be considered at master plan stage.

Rainfall Intensity •

Rainfall Intensity

STORM FREQUENCY

Sl No.

Type of area

1

Residential areas

•

Storm frequency

•

•

i) Peripheral area ii) Central and comparatively high priced area 2

Twice a year

Once a year

Commercial and high priced area Once in two years

Rainfall Intensity Precipitation 5 mm 10 Duration mm 15 min

15 mm

20 mm

RAINFALL INTENSITY AND DURATION

Storm frequency has been adopted as once in a year. RAINFALL DATA ANALYSIS

RMSD calculation i = a/ tm Where : i = Intensity of rainfall (mm/hr) a,m = Constant; t = Duration (min.)

Rainfall Intensity

25 mm

30 mm

35 mm

40 mm

50 mm

•

346

346

344

319

265

229

177

162

79

256

252

206

151

73

44

44

37

18

128

95

37

24

24

18

12

8

4

58

31

16

15

13

13

12

8

7

38

13

13

12

11

9

6

5

0

12

4

3

3

2

1

1

1

1

•

INTENSITY DURATION FREQUENCY CURVE

•

I = 6492/(t )1.5

30 min 45 min 60 min 75 min 90 min

DESIGN PARAMETERS Hydraulic Modelling Estimate Run• Run-off dischargesdischarges- as above. Compared with the carrying capacity of the existing • drains. V = 1/n x R2/3 x S1/2 Where, V = Velocity (m/s); n = Friction Factor; R = Hydraulic Radius (m); and S = Channel Slope (m/m) Capacity (Q) = A x V

RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS

Short Term measures for year 2009- 2011: De-silting and garbage removal in all drains; Removing of weeds form Drain 1 with minor repair, such as repair of damaged work masonry, coping, plastering etc; Slab covers to be provided in Industrial Drain i.e for section 1 of choya nallah containing industrial waste water;

Long Term measures for year 2011 – 2014: • Augmentation of existing drains; • Major rehabilitation, such as construction of retaining walls, flooring, and top cover; • Construction of complete new drains; • Elimination of cross-connections with sewers and industrial discharges; Rough Cost Estimates …

BLOCK COST ESTIMATE

S. No 1 2 3 4 5 6

Component Remodeling and channelization with construction of missing link Provision of drain covers Construction a new major drain Construction/ remodeling of secondary & tertiary drains Sub Total Physical contingencies @10% of sub total Total

Length Km 20.0

Estimated Cost Rs. Million 3,70.00

2.0 2.5

25.00 35.00 1,20.00 550.00 55.00 605.00

Thank You

Contents Technology DSS for Wastewater Treatment Options

z What is a DSS z Objective & Need for DSS ? • Issues - Constraints

• Technology Selection Criteria

Subhash Verma

z What Technologies • Natural • Intensive – ie Mechanical z Prevalent technologies

NCR Planning Board 9th April 2009

z Emerging Technologies

z Experience with technologies ÎDiscussion

What is a DSS ¾Decision Support System

Objective The Decision Support System aims at :

¾A uniform evaluation criteria for multi criteria evaluation for arriving at the best Option

selecting the Optimal Treatment Technology option for delivering waste water of specified quality for communities

Complexity in Decision Making for Appropriate Technology Many Technology Options • Natural /mechanical • Anaerobic /aerobic biology • Suspended Growth Fixed Film

Many Circumstances

•topography •land availability •housing •soil conditions •nature reserve •gray/black water separation •availability of collection systems

• • • •

DSS Many Actors

•Regulator •end-users •technicians •politicians •different ministries •fund providers/ donors

• • •

Bio Solids Separation : Gravity Separator / Laminar Separators physical / chemical Is N/P removal needed ?? advanced technologies UV/Ozone membranes / bio-membranes filtration techniques evaporation / DM/ RO ??

Many effects/constraints

Decision Decision

•Treatment Standards •environmental/soil •economical •social • Safety

What are the Issues – 1 ? What Treatment Standards ¾

TSS

< 30

¾

BOD

< 20

¾

Coliforms

< 10,000

z Or ¾

TSS

< 10

¾

BOD

< 10

¾

Coliforms

< 1000

z Or ¾

Drinking water Quality !!!

1

What are the Issues 2 ? Plant Capacity z Design Hydraulic Flow / Organic Lod • •

Present Requirement may be Under Capacity Future Requirement may be Over Capacity

¾ Question z Is there a technology that can be upgraded to up graded without major changes ??

What are the constraints ¾Land Availibity ¾Power Availibity & Reliability ¾Disposal of treated wastewater River / Nala / Pond .. Is treated water going to be used

Technology Evaluation Criteria

Land Requirement

Utility requirements

Reliability

Operator Attention & maintenance

Water recovery potential

Residuals (Sludge-Untreated)

Capital Costs

O&M costs

Bio Energy Generation ( Yes/ No ) is Yes How Much

What are the Issues 3 ? Residual Disposal ¾ Questions z Disposal of Screenings z Disposal of Grit z Disposal of Bio Solids

¾ Dewatering z Natural : z Mechanical :

Sludge Dewatering Beds Filters ( Belt Press / Screw Press) Centrifuge

Technology Selection Criteria Inputs: ¾Incoming Pollutant Load z BOD - SS -% VSS - N-Nutrients –Coliforms z

¾Requirements - Treated WW Quality • BOD - SS - N-Nutrients -Coliforms

Technology Options Range from Mechanised... mechanised, state-of-the-art Treatment,

…. aerobic technology to anaerobic technology, ...

2

to …Natural Systems Waste water discharged into the nala…. strong smell, BOD 400 mg/l, COD 800 mg/l, TN 40 mg/l

Prevailing Technologies 1. Natural Technologies ¾ Waste Stabilisation Ponds

2. Natural Extensive Technologies ¾ Lagoon Systems ( Anaerobic – Completely Mixed – Facultative Aerobic )

3. Intensive Technologies ¾ Suspended Growth ¾ Fixed Film ( Trickling Filter ) ¾ UASB

...and, 1 km downstream… no smell, BOD 15 mg/l, COD 35 mg/l, TN 33 mg/l, Coliforms 3,000/100 ml

Waste Stabilization Ponds POND EFFLUENT

PRIMARY EFFLUENT

FACULTATIVE POND

¾ Oxygen supplied by natural reaeration at surface and algal oxidation during daytime ¾ Organic material is synthesized into cells and settles to pond bottom ¾ Total HRT of 20 to 40 days required ¾ Best to use 2 or 3 ponds in series

Waste Stabilization Ponds ¾ Pros ¾Simple and reliable : Fit & Forget ¾Low operation & maintenance ¾Moderate ability to handle changes in influent flows and loads ¾Can be used for fish culture

¾ Cons ¾Large land area required; cannot be used for large systems ¾High effluent TSS resulting from algae ¾Can create mosquito breeding grounds

Lagoon Systems

Lagoons Systems BLOWER

BLOWER

¾ Pros LAGOON EFFLUENT

PRIMARY EFFLUENT ANAEROBIC LAGOON

COMPLETE-MIX AERATED LAGOON

FACULTATIVE AERATED LAGOON

¾ 3 Distinct stages in series: z Anaerobic; sedimentation and degradation z Aerated; aerobic stabilization z Facultative; sedimentation and degradation

¾ Total HRT is about 20 days ¾ Anaerobic stage could be UASB or Anaerobiv Filter

z Biogas recovery from 1st stage z Stable operation z Moderate ability to handle changes in influent flows and loads z Nitrification is possible z Low Operator Attention

¾ Cons z Large land area requirements z Aeration power requirements z Foul and hazardous biogas from 1st stage

3

Suspended Growth Process BLOWER SCREEN

SECONDARY CLARIFIER

Activated Sludge Process ¾

MEDIA

Pros z

SECONDARY EFFLUENT

PRIMARY EFFLUENT

z AERATION BASIN

z

¾ Common secondary treatment process ¾ Several variations available ¾ Continuous Feed : Conventional / StepStep-feed /BNR / Extended Aeration , etc ¾ Batch Feed : Sequential Batch Reactors ¾ Design Basis z HRT :

z

WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE (WAS)

RETURN ACTIVATED SLUDGE (RAS)

Conventional Extended Aeration :

z SRT :

4-10 hr 1616-24 Hrs 3 to 20 day

z

¾

Reliable & proven technology High quality effluent Highly flexible with highhigh-rate variations Moderate land requirements Aerobic process; innocuous working environment

Cons z z z z z z z

Complex aeration equipment and pumps Skilled operations & maintenance required Effluent dependent on sludge settling characteristics High power requirement for aeration High capital and operating costs High sludge production with short SRT WAS is difficult to digest

Trickling Filters ¾ Pros

Trickling Filters

z Reliable & proven technology z Good sludge settling properties z No aeration blowers required z Moderate power requirements z Moderate land requirements

¾ Cons ¾ BOD load <1 kg/m3/d ¾ Several types of plastic media available z CrossCross-flow z Random

¾ Media up to 6 m deep

UASB Process ¾ High rate anaerobic process ¾ Suspended growth system ¾ Anaerobic microorganism granulate & settle to form a “Blanket” ¾ Waste stabilization occurs as wastewater passes through blanket ¾ Gas produced offers excellent mixing of biomass & substrate

z Primary treatment required z High head loss; pumping required z Complex distributor arm mechanisms z Moderate capital and operating costs z Fly, snail & odour problems z High visual impact z Effluent turbidity can be a problem

UASB : ( Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Components of UASB

Blanket )

Digestion Zone inlet mechanism sludge bed sludge blanket

Gas Liquid Solid Separator Settler

4

UASB : ( Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ) ¾ Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactors ¾ 8-hour HRT ¾ Relatively long SRT ¾ 50 to 70% BOD removal ¾ Modular process

Need for Polishing Stage ¾ Processes such as UASB and CEPT can achieve BOD/TSS removals in the range of 50 to 70%

UASBs ¾ Pros z Simple, reliable technology z Produces biogas for electricity generation z Moderate ability to handle changes in influent flows z Stable biosolids produced; can also stabilize sludge from downstream polishing process

¾ Cons z UASB effluent does not meet secondary effluent quality standards; further treatment needed to meet 30/50 z Effluent is both odorous , corrosive z Not suitable if Sulphates in wastewater high z Inefficient gas collection and usage Biogas is both odorous and dangerous gas must be scrubbed for H2S removal prior to use in generators

Polishing Stage Options ¾ Fixed Film ¾Trickling Filters (TF) / MBBR Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS)

¾ Both process need an effluent polishing stage to produce a 30/50 final effluent

¾ Suspended Growth

¾ Effluent from UASBs is high in dissolved H2S; effluent from CEPT is high in soluble BOD

¾ Natural

¾ Both processes exert a high IOD on the downstream polishing stage

Emerging Technologies

¾Activated Sludge ¾Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs (WSPs)) ¾Wetlands

MBBR ( Moving Bed Bio Reactor )

¾MBBR ( Moving Bed Bio Reactor )

There are two main types of aerobic biological treatment plants:

¾SBR ( Sequential Batch Reactor )

Activated Sludge – The micro-organisms are living suspended in the wastewater creating flocks and clusters. To prevent the micro-organisms from being washed out of the plant and maintain a certain amount of them, they need to be collected and pumped back into the biological stage.

¾MBR ( Membrane Bio Reactor ) ¾( Not covered – as its very expensive at present Juncture )

Biofilm Plants – In these plants the micro-organisms are growing on a carrier (rock, plastic, ….), creating a biofilm. There is no need for sludge recirculation in these plants.

5

MBBR-Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor •

The carrier with biomass

The MBBR process is centered around specially engineered carrier media on which microorganism reside and form a biofilm

•

The carrier media privides a very large surface area for the biofilm to form. The Biofilm provides a high inventory / concentration of biomass in the reactor

•

The high concentration provides a very efficient and compact process that has a capacity 3 to 4 times that of a conventional activated sludge process

•

Higher the surface area for the biomass, more compact the reactor

”a biofilm is a group of micro-organisms and their extra cellular products, attached to a solid surface”

The MBBR principle ¾

The technology is based on the biofilm principle, the key component being the carriers in polyethylene with a density close to that of water.

¾

The carriers are kept in suspension and continuous movement in the water by aeration or mechanical mixing.

¾

The carriers are designed to give a large surface area for microorganisms to grow on.

¾

The reactor is filled with up to 67% of carriers, which are retained in the tank by sieves at the reactor outlet.

¾ ¾

Diffused air provides O2 for oxidising the organics

The moving bed biofilm process

Several reactors in series may be used to develop specialized bacteria in each stage.

MBBR - Main System Components

Reduced Land Requirement Coarse Screen

Degritting

Fine Screen

Primary Clarifier

Activated Sludge Tank

Conventional ASP

Secondary Clarifier

R,AS Gas Generation

a) Media Coarse Screen

d)

Degritting

Fine Screen

Primary Clarifier

MBBR

Secondary Clarifier

Reactor

c)

Retention

MBBR

Gas Generation

Sieves Coarse Screen

e) Blowers

b) Aeration System

Degritting

Fine Screen

Primary Clarifier

MBBR

Secondary Clarifier

MBBR without Primary clarifier Gas Generation

6

MBBR process solutions


Degritting

Fine Screen

Primary Clarifier


Secondary Clarifier

MBBR as sole biotreatment

Conventional ASP

Coarse Screen

Degritting

R,AS

Fine Screen

Primary Clarifier

Gas Generation

MBBR as pre-treatment (roughing,before ASP,)

Secondary Clarifier

MBBR

MBBR

MBBR as post-treatment (polishing after UASB)

Gas Generation

Coarse Screen

Degritting

Fine Screen

Primary Clarifier

Secondary Clarifier

MBBR

MBBR in activated sludge, (Nitrification)

MBBR w/o primary clarifier Gas Generation

MBBR - Advantages


Degritting

Fine Screen

Primary Clarifier


Secondary Clarifier

Process advantages -

Conventional ASP

Coarse Screen

Degritting

R,AS

Fine Screen

Primary Clarifier

MBBR

Gas Generation

Secondary Clarifier

MBBR

Gas Generation

Coarse Screen

Degritting

Fine Screen

MBBR

Secondary Clarifier

MBBR w/o primary clarifer Gas Generation

Upto 80% reduction in land requirement

MBBR Disadvantages ¾ MBBR is 90 % Technology & 10 % plastic medias ¾Design Basis not established “ ie it is not a open source technology” ¾Media Costly to very Cheap ¾Buyer finds it difficult to evaluate various manufactures of MBBR Media ¾Still an emerging technology

-

Stable Operation. more tolerant to load variations & shock Fast recovery after system upsets ( e.g Power failures) Process specific capacity ( Nitrification, BOD, Denitrification) Compatible with other processes. Can be used together with UASB, ASP

Operational advantages - No Sludge Return ( RAS) - Better sludge separability - No Sludge Bulking problems - Easier Monitoring. No SVI, F/M, WAS, etc monitoring Design Advantages Very small footprint Can easily be installed in existing tanks or basins - Can be expanded by increasing media quantity or with additional modules for higher capacity, Nutrient removal , etc

SBR ( Sequential Batch Reactor ) ¾ It is a Suspended Growth Technology like Activated Sludge – except it is “Batch Operated” ¾ Batches are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Fill React Settle Decant Idle ( if flow is less than design )

7

SBRs have five distinct phases

SBR Design Basis \Design of an SBR is complex and requires many assumptions 1.Assume biological characteristics to get volume of tank F/M, MLSS, kinetic parameters, SRT e.t.c.

2.Volume of tank determined from biological modeling

Settle

React

Fill

Dimensions of tank are assumed

Idle

Decant

3.Depth of basin is assumed the varying settling velocity of sludge is not accounted for!

(Anoxic or aerated)

20

40

60

80

100 120 Time, Min

140

160

180

200

What does this most often lead to ?

Effect of tank depth and sludge settling time on SBR performance 24

SBRs designed without any considerations to settling qualities of sludge can lead to ineffective clarification

22

Decant

Settle 20 6 m’ 4.5 m

4.8 m 3.6 m

Assuming both SBR tanks were designed for 1-hr settling time Æ Deeper tank needs higher sludge settling rate (1.5 m /hour) to avoid solids in effluent

Sludge settling velocity is a function of the MLSS concentration

Effect of MLSS concentration MLSS Æ Biological capacity MLSS Æ Settling velocity Æ Time to Settle

Settling time needs to be incorporated into the design of SBRs

Level, ft

0

18 MLSS = 2,800 mg/L

16 14

Liquid Level Interface Level, Rapidly Settling

12

Interface Level, Slowly Settling

10

0

10

20

30

40

50 60 Time, Min

70

80

90

100

Guidelines for selecting cycle times

¾ Fill phase

ÆTFill,Avg = Average fill time ÆTFill,Min = Minimum time to fill

¾ React phase ÆTReact = Biological reaction time

¾ Settle & Decant phases ÆTSettle = Settling time ÆTDecant = Decant time

¾ Idle phase ÆTIdle = Idle time

8

SBR Designs

SBR : Pros & Cons

1. MLSS concentration and sludge settling characteristics should be used to determine the settling and decant times 2.

Flow peak should be used to determine the minimum idle time & reactor volumes

3.

React time should be determined using biological modeling

4.

Relationship between total number of tanks and cycle time should be checked for Peak flow

What is Recommended

Pros ¾ Automated Technology ¾ Minimal Operator Attention ¾ Can deliver BOD / TSS < 10 mg/l ¾ Can achieve Nitrification & Denitrification

Cons ¾ High Costs for Technology ¾ Automation needs skilled manpower ¾ Automation needs reliable & clean electricity

Thank You. Questions?

¾ For Stream Discharge Standards 20 mg/l BOD ¾ Plants of Capacity less than 20 mld z Extended Aeration z MBBR z SBR

¾ Plants of Capacity more than 20 mld z Primary Clarifier z Secondary Treatment Activated Sludge / MBR /. SBR) z Bio Gas Recovery z CAPEX is of Importance – then adopt Activated Sludge : its old proven & reliable

9

Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience



Country Information

Integrated Water Resource Management : Singapore’s Experience

Singapore

Presented by Rajeev Malhotra, Chief Regional Planner NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT, GOVT. OF INDIA NEW DELHI

704 km2

Population

4.6 mil

Average Annual Rainfall 2,500 mm Average Water Demand

9th April, 2009

National Capital Region Planning Board

Land Area


1


PUB is a Statutory Board constituted under the Public Utilities Act 2001 to provide integrated water supply, sewerage and drainage services in Singapore with the objective to ensure an efficient, adequate & sustainable supply of water to Singapore

4

3


Water Cycle in Singapore

Rain

Four Sources of Water

Sea

• Local catchment • Imported water

In

ble t Pota direc

• NEWater

Use

• Desalinated water Direct NonPotable Use

Three Public Participatory Approaches • Conserve Water • Value Water

PUB Manages the Complete Water Cycle from sourcing, collection, purification and supply of drinking water, to treatment of used water and turning it into NEWater & drainage of storm water National Capital Region Planning Board


2


Work of Integrated Water Resource Management in Singapore is assigned to Public Utilities Board (PUB) by the Ministry of Environment & Water Resources, Govt. of Singapore

The Blue Map of Singapore

1.6 mil m3/day

• Enjoy Water


5


6

1

Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience First National Source


Local Catchments Waters


Punggol – Serangoon Reservoir Scheme

Local Catchments: Marina Barrage

MacRitchie Reservoir

Expanding the First National Source

Punggol Reservoir

Creating a reservoir in the city Protected Catchment

Unprotected Catchment

• • • •

Punggol Urban Stormwater Collection System

Kranji Reservoir

Serangoon Reservoir

The 16th and 17th reservoirs of Singapore

Urban catchment comprising a seventh of Singapore Located at the edge of the Central Business District 3-in-1 function: water storage, flood control, lifestyle attraction Officially opened by the Prime Minister on 31st Oct 08

Legend Unprotected Water Catchment Protected Water Catchment

Marina Country Club

Proposed Water Catchment

Pulau Punggol Timor

Bedok Stormwater Pond

o Half of Singapore is already water catchment o Catchment area will be increased from half to

Gatehouse area

Proposed Punggol Reservoir

two-thirds by 2011



7

Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience Third National Source

Imported Water from Johor •

Two water agreements with Johor, Malaysia o 1961 to 2011 o 1962 to 2061

NEWater

Site Office

9

Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience Changi NEWater Plant

Seletar

Kranji

Kranji Expansion 9 mgd Æ 17 mgd

State of Johor, Malaysia

Cofferdam

Proposed Serangoon Reservoir


8


Second National Source

Pulau Serangoon

Changi 5th NEWater Plant

Bedok Legend

PUB pipelines carrying water from Johor

NEWater pipeline NEWater Plant Service Reservoir

Ulu Pandan

Bedok Expansion 7 mgd Æ 18 mgd

NEWater capacity to meet 30% of Singapore’s water needs by 2011


10


11


12

2




Deep Tunnel Sewerage System Ensures long term sustainability of Singapore’s water resources (i.e. NEWater & catchment water)

Collection of Used Water

DEEP DEEP TUNNEL TUNNEL

DTSS DTSS ($3.6 ($3.6 billion; billion; 2000 2000 to to 2008) 2008)

DTSS Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) will be fully completed in 2008 with the commissioning of Changi Water Reclamation Plant (CWRP). DTSS ON SCHEDULE FOR COMPLETION IN 2008

Kranji WRP

Seletar WRP

Completed in Feb 2005 DTSS Tunnel

DTSS Pumps

Kim Chuan WRP Ulu Pandan WRP Bedok WRP

Jurong WRP

Changi WRP

Progressive Progressive phasing phasing out out of of used used water water infrastructure infrastructure with with DTSS DTSS •• 33 WRPs WRPs and and 45 45 pump pump stations stations will will be be phased phased out, out, freeing freeing 161 161 ha ha of of land land



Conserving Waters

Measures taken for Conservation

Water Conservation

1990 16

water supply and used water services Water Conservation Tax (WCT)

Domestic Sector Breakdown

Water Conservation Strategy

Accurate Metering

4.4

Voluntary 3P approach

Broad-based Tax levied by the Government to reinforce the water conservation message

Mandatory Cut down on excessive flow and wastage of water

Promote ownership of water conservation

Waterborne Fee (WBF) Volume-based used water fee Used water fee

180 176

175 172 170

170

170 166

165 165

165 165 165

165 162 160

160

158

157

2007


17


20 06

20 05

20 07

20 02

20 03

20 04

19 98

It comprises of WBF and Sanitary Appliances Fee (SAF) at $3/sanitary fitting per month.

20 00

155 20 01

5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0

Leakage Control

Shower 29 %

19 97

Percentage 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0

Measures To Control UFW

Flushing Cisterns 16%

Wash Basins 10%

Plans to move towards Single Pricing for

Reflect the strategic importance and scarcity value of water

19 99

Strict Legislation

Opened on 13 Sep 05


Regulatory Mechanism

Pricing

Supply of 30 mgd for 20 years

Laundry 19%

Sink 22%

Volume-based billing;

Network Management

One of the largest seawater RO plants

Others 4%

Water Pricing

To augment and diversify our water resources Sing Spring Pte. Ltd., under a 20 year DBOO arrangement with PUB

15


Water Demand Management

UFW Control

Sludge Scrapers


14

Per Capita Consumption (lit/day)

Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience Fourth National Source Desalinated Water

Digesters

19 94

13

Sludge Dewatering

19 95


Basement Pipe Gallery

To be completed in 2008

19 96

Water Reclamation Plants Used Used water water pumping pumping station station

18

3



Participatory Approach - Voluntary Measures The 10-Litre Challenge

Promote water recycling through

Promoting Water Efficient Building (WEB) in Non- Domestic Sector

•

Use of Dual Flush Flushing Cisterns made mandatory from July, 2009

•

Promote Water Volunteer Groups (WVGs) – so far 70 WVGs formed in 40 constituencies

•

Website Portal developed for water conservation – so far 130,000 hits

Encourage building owners to take ownership by promoting S.A.V.E.

Promoting Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme (WELS)

Promoting Water Efficient Homes All 84 constituencies launched with the scheme. So far 40% households installed with water saving device


1.

In order to save 10% of their monthly water consumption in the nondomestic sector, particularly the commercial sector, the Water Efficient Buildings are being promoted

So far 500 products labelled under WELS. It is proposed to mandate for some products from July, 2009 •

Industrial

Commercial

Residential

•


Participatory Approach - Voluntary Measures

19


Survey the water usage pattern Adjust to efficient flow rates/flush volumes, avoid water leakage and use water efficient labelled products. Value the importance of water Establish good water conservation practices in the organisation

2.

Use of NEWater (integrated approach) •

Supply through a secondary reticulation system

•

Purer water quality for process use, boilers, laundry

•

air-con cooling towers

•

further treated to produce Ultra-Pure Water for use in high-end electronic companies

Water Efficiency Fund •

To encourage companies to look into efficient ways of managing their water demand through various water conservation projects such as inhouse recycling

So far 1200 buildings/premises have been certified as WEB National Capital Region Planning Board

20



21


Glimpses of NEWater Plant


22


23


24

4




1. Ultrafiltration 2. RO 3. UV Disinfection 4. Water Conditioning 4


25



3

2

1


26


28



27


29


30

5




31





32


34



33


35


36

6


Integrated Water Resource Management: Singapore Experience Participatory Approach - Voluntary Measures Residential

Website Portal

Dual Flush LCFCs To mandate in Jul 2009


37

Water Volunteer Groups (WVGs) 70 WVGs formed in 40 constituencies

> 130,000 hits

Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme > 500 products labelled under WELS To mandate for some products from Jul 2009


Water Efficient Homes All 84 constituencies launched with >40% households installed with water saving devices

38

7

SBR Workshop Report

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