S9086-SN-STM-010 Ch 541 Ship Fuel and Fuel Systems Rev 9

S9086-SN-STM-010 REVISI REV ISION ON 9

NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL CHAPTER 541

SHIP FUEL AND FUEL SYSTEMS

SUPERSEDURE NOTICE: THIS CHAPTER SUPERSEDES CHAPTER 541 REVISION 8 DATED 01 APRIL 2013, AND ALL CHANGES THERETO.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C: DISTRIBUTION AUTHORIZED TO U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND THEIR CONTRACTORS; ADMINISTRATIVE/OPERATIONAL USE; MARCH 1982. OTHER U.S. REQUESTS FOR THIS DOCUMENT SHALL BE REFERRED TO NSWC PHILADELPHIA, CODE 314. WARNING: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS TECHNICAL DATA WHOSE EXPORT IS RESTRICTED BY THE ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT (TITLE 22, U.S.C. SEC 2751, ET SEQ.) OR THE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT OF 1979 (TITLE 50, U.S.C., APP 2401 ET SEQ.), AS AMENDED. VIOLATIONS OF THESE EXPORT LAWS ARE SUBJECT TO SEVERE CRIMINAL PENALTIES. DISSEMINATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF DOD DIRECTIVE 5230.25. DESTRUCTION NOTICE: DESTROY BY ANY METHOD THAT WILL PREVENT DISCLOSURE OF CONTENTS OR RECONSTRUCTION OF THIS DOCUMENT. PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND

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1 SEP 20 2015 15

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S9086-SN-STM-010

RECORD OF REVISIONS REV NO.

DATE

TITLE AND/OR BRIEF DESCRIPTION/PREPARING ACTIVITY

5

1 AUG 2007

6

1 JUL 2010

7

1 NOV 2011

8

1 APR 2013

INCORPORATE TMDERS: 030733-07-0412, N33043-06-0001, N30733-05-0002, N40278-07-TB03 CHANGE AUTHORIZED BY NSWCCD-SSES CODES 923 AND 944. THE FOLLOWING WAS CHANGED: PARAGRAPH(S) 541-1.2.1 PARAGRAPH(S) 541-1.2.1,, 541-1.10.5 541-1.10.5,, 541-2.4.2 541-2.4.2,, 541-10.2.2.2,, 541-10.2.2.2.1 541-10.2.2.2 541-10.2.2.2.1,, 541-10.2.2.2.2 541-10.2.2.2.2,, 541-10.4.2 541-10.4.2,, 541-10.4.3 541-10.4.3,, 541-10.4.4,, 541-10.4.4.1 541-10.4.4 541-10.4.4.1,, 541-10.4.4.2 541-10.4.4.2,, 541-10.4.4.3 541-10.4.4.3,, 541-10.4.4.4 541-10.4.4.4,, 541-10.4.4.5,, 541-10.4.4.6 541-10.4.4.5 541-10.4.4.6,, 541-10.6.1.2 541-10.6.1.2,, 541-10.6.4 541-10.6.4,, 541-10.6.5 541-10.6.5,, 541-10.7.2,, 541-10.7.3 541-10.7.2 541-10.7.3,, 541-10.7.3.1 541-10.7.3.1,, 541-10.9.2.1.2 AND 541-10.9.2.3.2 TABLE(S) 541-10-1. TABLE(S) 541-10-1.,, 541-10-3. AND AND 541-10-5. 541-10-5. FIGURE(S) 541-10-2. FIGURE(S) 541-10-2. AND AND 541-10-3. 541-10-3. INCORPORATE TMDERS: N0172A-10-DC33, N49365-10-RM02, N57032-10-RM02, N57064-07-KH01, N63190-09-MV01, N65540-09DU11, N65540-09-MS03, N6554-09-JL01, R21531-09-0000, R2314807-7331, R23148-07-7332 AND R32421-08-0001. CHANGE AUTHORIZED BY NSWCCD-SSES CODE 923. THE FOLLOWING WAS CHANGED: PARAGRAPH(S) 541-4.4.2.1 PARAGRAPH(S) 541-4.4.2.1,, 541-4.5.2.2 541-4.5.2.2,, 541-4.5.2.4 541-4.5.2.4,, 541-4.5.2.4.2 541-4.5.2.4.2,, 541-4.5.2.4.4,, 541-6.3.1 541-4.5.2.4.4 541-6.3.1,, 541-9.13.3 541-9.13.3,, 541-9.13.4.1.1 541-9.13.4.1.1,, 541-10.6.1.2 541-10.6.1.2,, 541-10.6.5,, 541-10.7.2 541-10.6.5 541-10.7.2,, 541-10.7.3 541-10.7.3,, 541-10.7.3.1 541-10.7.3.1,, 541-10.7.3.1.1 541-10.7.3.1.1,, 541-10.8.2,, 541-10.8.3 541-10.8.2 541-10.8.3,, 541-10.8.4 541-10.8.4,, 541-10.9.2 541-10.9.2,, 541-10.9.2.2.2 AND 541-10.9.2.6 TABLE(S) 541-10-3. TABLE(S) 541-10-3. AND AND 541-10-4. 541-10-4. TMDER INCORPORATED : N65540-10-JF01 TABLE(S) 541-10-4. TABLE(S) 541-10-4. REVISION IS THE RESULT OF AN ASSESSMENT COMPLETED ON THE MCM CLASS SOLAR MMGTG TMA/TMI ACTION ITEM # MS-02400-3-1-18. TMDER INCORPORATED : N33043-11-PC34 AND R23163-12-TR01 CHANGES ARE AUTHORIZED BY NSWCCD-SSES CODE 923. THE FOLLOWING WAS CHANGED: PARAGRAPH(S) 541-10.9.2.2.2 PARAGRAPH(S) 541-10.9.2.2.2 TABLE(S) 541-10-3. TABLE(S) 541-10-3. AND AND 541-10-4. 541-10-4.







































S9086-SN-STM-010

RECORD OF REVISIONS - CONTINUED REV NO.

DATE

TITLE AND/OR BRIEF DESCRIPTION/PREPARING ACTIVITY

9

1 SEP 2015

REVISION OF SECTION 10 INCORPORATES TMDERS N65540-13HM55, N65540-13-S114, N65540-14-HM03, DIGITAL FREE WATER TECHNOLOGY, REVISED GUIDANCE ON FUEL PROPERTIES BASED ON CHANGES TO SPECIFICATIONS, FUEL QUALITY GUIDANCE, MODIFICATIONS TO OPEN MARKET PROCESS, UPDATED NSNS, AND NAVIFLASH CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS. THE FOLLOWING WAS CHANGED: PARAGRAPH(S) 541-5.2.2 PARAGRAPH(S) 541-5.2.2,, 541-10.2.1 541-10.2.1,, 541-10.2.2.1 541-10.2.2.1,, 541-10.3.3.1 541-10.3.3.1,, 541-10.3.5,, 541-10.3.6 541-10.3.5 541-10.3.6,, 541-10.3.9 541-10.3.9,, 541-10.3.11 541-10.3.11,, 541-10.3.14 541-10.3.14,, 541-10.3.15,, 541-10.3.16 541-10.3.15 541-10.3.16,, 541-10.3.18 541-10.3.18,, 541-10.3.19 541-10.3.19,, 541-10.3.20 541-10.3.20,, 541-10.3.21,, 541-10.3.22 541-10.3.21 541-10.3.22,, 541-10.3.23 541-10.3.23,, 541-10.3.24 541-10.3.24,, 541-10.4.3 541-10.4.3,, 541-10.4.3.1,, 541-10.4.4 541-10.4.3.1 541-10.4.4,, 541-10.4.4.1 541-10.4.4.1,, 541-10.4.4.2 541-10.4.4.2,, 541-10.4.4.3 541-10.4.4.3,, 541-10.4.4.4,, 541-10.4.4.5 541-10.4.4.4 541-10.4.4.5,, 541-10.4.4.6 541-10.4.4.6,, 541-10.5.1 541-10.5.1,, 541-10.5.1.1 541-10.5.1.1,, 541-10.5.1.2,, 541-10.5.1.4 541-10.5.1.2 541-10.5.1.4,, 541-10.5.2 541-10.5.2,, 541-10.5.2.1 541-10.5.2.1,, 541-10.5.2.1.1 541-10.5.2.1.1,, 541-10.5.2.1.2,, 541-10.5.2.2 541-10.5.2.1.2 541-10.5.2.2,, 541-10.5.2.3 541-10.5.2.3,, 541-10.5.2.3.1 541-10.5.2.3.1,, 541-10.5.2.3.2,, 541-10.5.2.3.3 541-10.5.2.3.2 541-10.5.2.3.3,, 541-10.5.2.3.4 541-10.5.2.3.4,, 541-10.5.2.3.5 541-10.5.2.3.5,, 541-10.6.2,, 541-10.6.4 541-10.6.2 541-10.6.4,, 541-10.6.4.1 541-10.6.4.1,, 541-10.6.5 541-10.6.5,, 541-10.7.1 541-10.7.1,, 541-10.7.2,, 541-10.8.4 541-10.7.2 541-10.8.4,, 541-10.8.7 541-10.8.7,, 541-10.8.7.1 541-10.8.7.1,, 541-10.8.7.2 541-10.8.7.2,, 541-10.8.7.3,, 541-10.9.2.2.1 541-10.8.7.3 541-10.9.2.2.1,, 541-10.9.2.3 541-10.9.2.3,, 541-10.9.2.3.1 541-10.9.2.3.1,, 541-10.9.2.3.2,, 541-10.9.2.3.3 541-10.9.2.3.2 541-10.9.2.3.3,, 541-10.9.2.3.4 541-10.9.2.3.4,, 541-10.9.2.6 541-10.9.2.6,, 541-10.9.2.6.1,, 541-10.9.2.6.2 541-10.9.2.6.1 541-10.9.2.6.2,, 541-10.9.2.6.3 541-10.9.2.6.3,, 541-10.9.2.6.4 AND 541-10.9.2.7.3 TABLE(S) 541-10-1. TABLE(S) 541-10-1.,, 541-10-2. 541-10-2.,, 541-10-3. 541-10-3.,, 541-10-4. AND AND 541-10-5. 541-10-5. FIGURE(S) 541-10-1. FIGURE(S) 541-10-1.,, 541-10-2. AND AND 541-10-3. 541-10-3.

FOR OPT OPTIMA IMAL L VIE VIEWIN WING G OF THI THIS S TEC TECHNI HNICAL CAL MAN MANUAL UAL THE PAGE LA LAYOU YOUT T IN ADOB ADOBE E ACRO ACROBA BAT T READER REA DER SHO SHOULD ULD BE SIN SINGLE GLE PAGE AGE.. CON CONTIN TINUOU UOUS S PAGE DIS DISPLA PLAY Y CAN CAU CAUSE SE PRO PROBLE BLEMS MS WI WITH TH LINK REFERENCES AND THE BOOKMARKS.







































S9086-SN-STM-010

FOREWORD

NSTM Chapter 541 provides information information on SHIP FUEL AND FUEL SYSTEMS and contains contains the following 10 sections: SECTION 1 1 - INTRODUCTION SECTION 2 2 - SAFETY SECTION 3 3 - FUEL STORAGE SYSTEMS SECTION 4 4 - FUEL TRANSFER SYSTEMS SECTION 5 5 - FUEL SERVICE SYSTEMS SECTION 6 6 - FUEL STRIPPING SYSTEMS SECTION 7 7 - CARGO OIL SYSTEMS SECTION 8 8 - FUEL SYSTEM MAINTENANCE SECTION 9 9 - FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS SECTION 10 10 - PETROLEUM FUELS: PRODUCTION, SAMPLING, AND TESTING Ships, train Ships, training ing acti activiti vities, es, supp supply ly poin points, ts, depo depots, ts, Nava Navall Ship Shipyards yards and Super Superviso visors rs of Ship Shipbuil building ding are requested to arrange for the maximum practical use and evaluation of NAVSEA technical manuals. All errors, omissions, discrepancies and suggestions for improvement to NAVSEA technical manuals shall be forwarded to: COMMANDER CODE 310 TMDERs NAVSURFWARCENDIV NSDSA 4363 MISSILE WAY BLDG 1389 PORT HUENEME, CA 93043-4307

on NAVSEA/SPAWAR Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report (TMDER), NAVSEA form 4160/1. All feedback comments shall be thoroughly investigated and originators will be advised of action resulting therefrom. One copy of NAVSEA form 4160/1 is at the end of each separately bound technical manual 8-1/2 x 11 inches or larger. Copies of NAVSEA form 4160/1 may be requisitioned from the Naval Systems Data Support Activity Code 310 at the above address. Users are encouraged to transmit deficiency submittals via the Naval Systems Data Support Activity Web site located at: https://mercury.tdmis.navy.mil/def_external/pubsearch.cfm







































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S9086-SN-STM-010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter/Paragraph

Page SHIP SHI P FUE FUEL L AN AND D FUEL FUEL SYS SYSTEMS TEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-1

INTR IN TROD ODUC UCTI TION ON

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1-1

PURP PU RPOS OSE. E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-1

54154 1-1. 1.2 2 FU FUEL ELS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54154 1-1. 1.2. 2.1 1 FF-76 76.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54154 1-1. 1.2. 2.2 2 JP JP-5 -5.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-1 1-1 1-1

541-1. 541 -1.3 3

1-1

541 SECTION 1

54154 1-1. 1.1 1

F-76 F-7 6 FUE FUEL L SYS SYSTEM TEMS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

541-1.4 5411.4 FUEL SYST SYSTEM EM OVER OVERVIEW VIEW.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-1. 541 -1.4.1 4.1 FUN FUNCTI CTION. ON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-1. 541 -1.4.2 4.2 SER SERVIC VICE E SYS SYSTEM TEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-1. 541 -1.4.3 4.3 TRA TRANSF NSFER ER SYS SYSTEM TEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-1. 541 -1.4.4 4.4 STR STRIPP IPPING ING SYS SYSTEM TEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-1.4.5 5411.4.5 DUAL PURPO PURPOSE SE TRANS TRANSFER/ FER/STRIPP STRIPPING ING SYSTE SYSTEM. M. .

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1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-3

541-1. 541 -1.5 5 SAF SAFETY ETY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54154 1-1. 1.5. 5.1 1 HA HAZA ZARD RDS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-1.5.2 5411.5.2 USER PREP PREPARA ARATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-3 1-3 1-3

541-1. 541 -1.6 6

PREVEN PRE VENTIN TING G POL POLLUT LUTION ION..

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1-3

541-1.7 5411.7

SHIP ST STABIL ABILITY ITY.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-3

541-1. 541 -1.8 8 FUE FUEL L QUALIT QUALITY Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-1. 541 -1.8.1 8.1 ONB ONBOAR OARD D FUE FUEL L CLE CLEANI ANING. NG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-1. 541 -1.8.2 8.2 FUE FUEL L SAMP SAMPLIN LING G AND TES TESTIN TING. G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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S9086-SN-STM-010

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

Chapter/Paragraph

Page

541-2. 5412.1. 1.4 4 541-2. 541 -2.1.5 1.5

WICKIN WICK ING. G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MIST MI ST FOR FORMA MATIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

541-2.2 5412.2 HOW SHIPB SHIPBOARD OARD FUEL FIRES ST STAR ART T. 541-2. 541 -2.2.1 2.1 FUE FUEL L LEA LEAKS. KS. . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2. 541 -2.2.2 2.2 FUE FUEL L SPR SPRA AY. . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.2.3 5412.2.3 FUEL ACCUM ACCUMULA ULATION TION.. . . . . .

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2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2

541-2. 541 -2.3 3 HOW TO PREV PREVENT ENT SHI SHIPBO PBOARD ARD FUEL FUEL FIR FIRES. ES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.3.1 5412.3.1 SEP SEPARA ARATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2. 541 -2.3.2 3.2 GO GOOD OD MA MAINT INTENA ENANCE NCE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2-2 2-2 2-2

541-2. 541 -2.4 4 SAF SAFETY ETY ACT ACTION IONS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54154 1-2. 2.4. 4.1 1 GE GENE NERA RAL. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.4.2 5412.4.2 AVOID CONT CONTACT ACT WITH FUEL FUEL.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2. 541 -2.4.3 4.3 PRE PREVEN VENT T LEA LEAKS. KS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.4.4 5412.4.4 PREV PREVENT ENT FUEL ACCU ACCUMULA MULATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2 54 1-2.4. .4.4.1 4.1 Boi Boiler ler Ins Inspec pectio tion. n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.4.4 5412.4.4.2 .2 Gas Tu Turbin rbinee and and Diesel Diesel Engi Engine ne Inspec Inspection tion.. . . . . . . . 541-2 54 1-2.4. .4.4.3 4.3 Bil Bilge ge Ins Inspec pectio tion. n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.4.4 5412.4.4.4 .4 Ligh Lighting ting-Of -Offf Torch Pot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2 54 1-2.4. .4.4.5 4.5 Dri Drip p Pan Pans. s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2 54 1-2.4. .4.4.6 4.6 Dec Deckpl kplate ates. s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.4.5 PROPERL PROPERLY Y DISPOSE OF FUEL-CONT FUEL-CONTAMINA AMINATED TED WASTE. . . 541-2.4.6 5412.4.6 DETE DETECT CT FUEL VAPOR APORS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.4.7 5412.4.7 OBSE OBSER RVE TANK ENTR ENTRY Y PRECA PRECAUTIO UTIONS. NS. . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.4.8 5412.4.8 AVOID IGNI IGNITION TION SOURC SOURCES. ES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-2.4.9 5412.4.9 KEEP FUEL SYSTE SYSTEM M SAFETY SAFETY FEATURE TURES S IN GOOD REP REPAIR.

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2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5

FUEL FU EL ST STOR ORAG AGE E SY SYST STEMS EMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-1

SECTION 3

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2-1 2-1

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S9086-SN-STM-010


Chapter/Paragraph

Page

541-3.4.3 541-3.4.3 541-3.4.4 5413.4.4

HARBOR WATER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HARBOR TANK PIPEL PIPELINE INE SAMP SAMPLE LE CONN CONNECTIO ECTIONS. NS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

541-3.5 5413.5 COMP COMPENSA ENSATED TED FUEL STOR STORAGE AGE TANKS ANKS.. . . . . . . 541-3. 541 -3.5.1 5.1 DES DESCRI CRIPTI PTION. ON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-3. 541 -3.5.1 5.1.1 .1 Tank Ban Banks. ks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-3. 541 -3.5.1 5.1.2 .2 Str Stripp ipping ing Tank ank.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-3.5.2 5413.5.2 FUNCT FUNCTIONAL IONAL DESCR DESCRIPTIO IPTION. N. . . . . . . . . . 541-3. 541 -3.5.2 5.2.1 .1 Fil Fillin ling g a Tank Ban Bank. k. . . . . . . . . . 541-3. 541 -3.5.2 5.2.2 .2 Tr Trans ansfer ferrin ring g Fue Fuel. l. . . . . . . . . . . 541-3.5.3 5413.5.3 HARBO HARBOR R WATER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-3. 541 -3.5.4 5.4 PRE PREVE VENT NT POL POLLU LUTIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-3.5.4 5413.5.4.1 .1 Inpor Inportt Refue Refueling ling Valves alves.. . . . . . . . 541-3. 541 -3.5.4 5.4.2 .2 Fue Fuelin ling g Rat Rate. e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-3.5.4 5413.5.4.3 .3 Local Inpor Inportt Fueli Fueling ng Requi Requiremen rements. ts. 541-3.5.5 5413.5.5 DEBA DEBALLAST LLASTING ING COMP COMPENSA ENSATED TED TANKS ANKS.. . 541-3.5.5 5413.5.5.1 .1 Preli Prelimina minary ry Acti Actions. ons. . . . . . . . . . 541-3. 541 -3.5.5 5.5.2 .2 Air Pre Pressu ssure. re. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-3. 541 -3.5.5 5.5.3 .3 Dra Draini ining. ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 4

541-4. 541 -4.1 1

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3-2 3-2 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5

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4-1

INTROD INT RODUCT UCTION ION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-1

FUEL FU EL TR TRAN ANSFE SFER R SY SYST STEMS EMS

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541-4.2 5414.2 GENE GENERAL RAL INFOR INFORMA MATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4.2.1 5414.2.1 AVOID VOIDING ING OVER OVERBOARD BOARD OVER OVERFLOW FLOW.. . . . . . . 541-4.2.2 5414.2.2 SEP SEPARA ARATE TE TRANS TRANSFER FER AND PURIFIE PURIFIER R PUMPS. PUMPS. . 541-4. 541 -4.2.3 2.3 STR STRIPP IPPING ING.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2

54154 1-4. 4.3 3 FI FILL LLIN ING. G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4.3.1 5414.3.1 GENE GENERAL RAL INFO INFORMA RMATION TION

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541-4.5 5414.5 TRAN TRANSFERR SFERRING ING FROM FROM STORAGE STORAGE TANKS TANKS TO TO SERVICE SERVICE TANKS TANKS.. 541-4.5.1 5414.5.1 GENE GENERAL RAL INFOR INFORMA MATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4 54 1-4.5. .5.1.1 1.1 Type ypess of of Filt Filtrat ration ion.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4 54 1-4.5. .5.1.2 1.2 Hea Heater ters. s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4.5.1 5414.5.1.3 .3 Fill Filling ing Servi Service ce Tanks anks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4. 541 -4.5.2 5.2 OPE OPERA RATIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4.5.2 5414.5.2.1 .1 Syst System em Preop Preoperati erational onal Integ Integrity rity Test. . . . . . . . 541-4 54 1-4.5. .5.2.2 2.2 Shi Ships ps wit with h Str Strain ainers ers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4.5.2 5414.5.2.3 .3 Ship Shipss with Filte Filter/ r/ Separ Separators ators.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4.5.2 5414.5.2.4 .4 Ship Shipss with Centr Centrifug ifugal al Purifi Purifiers. ers. . . . . . . . . . .

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4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-7

541-4.6 5414.6 FUEL FUELING ING OTHE OTHER R SHIPS SHIPS OR OR DEFUEL DEFUELING ING TANKS ANKS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4.6.1 5414.6.1 REMO REMOVING VING FUEL FROM STO STORAGE RAGE TANKS ANKS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4.6.2 5414.6.2 REMO REMOVING VING FUEL FROM SER SERVICE VICE TANKS ANKS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-8 4-8 4-8

541-4. 541 -4.7 7 INT INTERF ERFACE ACES. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4. 541 -4.7.1 7.1 SER SERVIC VICE E SYS SYSTEM TEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4. 541 -4.7.2 7.2 STR STRIPP IPPING ING SYS SYSTEM TEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-4.7.3 5414.7.3 OIL OILY Y WA WATER DRAIN DRAIN COLLEC COLLECTING TING SYSTE SYSTEM. M. .

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4-8 4-8 4-8 4-8

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5-1


5-1

SECTION 5

541-5. 541 -5.1 1

FUEL FU EL SE SER RVI VICE CE SY SYST STEM EMS S

541-5.2 5415.2 GENE GENERAL RAL INFOR INFORMA MATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.2.1 2.1 FUE FUEL L RET RETURN URN.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5.2.2 5415.2.2 USE OF FUEL SER SERVICE VICE TANKS ANKS.. . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.2.3 2.3 FLO FLOWME WMETER TERS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5.2.4 5415.2.4 EME EMERGEN RGENCY CY SHUT SHUTDOWN DOWNS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5.2.4 5415.2.4.1 .1 Servi Service ce Tank Tank Suction Suction Emerg Emergency ency Cutout Cutout 541-5.2.4 5415.2.4.2 .2 Boil Boiler er Front Front Quic Quick-Clo k-Closing sing Valves alves.. . .

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541-5.4.1.1 541-5.4.1 .1 Engi Engine-M ne-Mount ounted ed Pump and Filt Filter er.. . . 541-5.4.1 5415.4.1.2 .2 Servi Service ce Syst System em Pipi Piping ng Comp Componen onents. ts. . 541-5. 541 -5.4.1 4.1.3 .3 Sys System tem Pre Pressu ssure. re. . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.4.1 4.1.4 .4 Fue Fuell Ret Return urns. s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.4.2 4.2 OPE OPERA RATIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.4.2 4.2.1 .1 Sys System tem Sta Startu rtup. p. . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5.4.2 5415.4.2.2 .2 Conti Continuin nuing g Opera Operation tion.. . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.4.2 4.2.3 .3 Sec Securi uring ng the Sys System tem.. . . . . . . . . .

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5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-8 5-9

541-5.6 5415.6 LAND LANDING ING CRAFT CRAFT AIR CUSHION CUSHION (LCAC (LCAC)) SERVICE SERVICE SYSTE SYSTEMS. MS. . . . . . . . . . 541-5.6.1 5415.6.1 GENE GENERAL RAL INFO INFORMA RMATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.6.2 6.2 OPE OPERA RATIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-9 5-9 5-9

541-5.5 5415.5 GAS TURBI TURBINE NE SHIP SER SERVICE VICE SYSTE SYSTEMS. MS. 541-5.5.1 5415.5.1 GENE GENERAL RAL INFO INFORMA RMATION TION.. . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.5.1 5.1.1 .1 Ser Servic vicee Pum Pumps. ps. . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.5.1 5.1.2 .2 Hea Heater ters. s. . . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.5.1 5.1.3 .3 Fil Filtra tratio tion. n. . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.5.1 5.1.4 .4 Sys System tem Pre Pressu ssure. re. . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.5.2 5.2 OPE OPERA RATIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.5.2 5.2.1 .1 Sys System tem Sta Startu rtup. p. . . . . . 541-5.5.2 5415.5.2.2 .2 Conti Continuin nuing g Opera Operation tion.. . . 541-5. 541 -5.5.2 5.2.3 .3 Sec Securi uring ng the Sys System tem.. . .

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541-5. 541 -5.7 7 INT INTERF ERFACE ACES. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.7.1 7.1 TRA TRANSF NSFER ER SYS SYSTEM TEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5.7.2 5415.7.2 AVIA VIATION TION JP-5 TRANS TRANSFER FER SYSTE SYSTEM. M. . . . . . 541-5. 541 -5.7.3 7.3 STR STRIPP IPPING ING SYS SYSTE TEM. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-5.7.4 5415.7.4 OIL OILY Y WATER DRAIN DRAIN COLLEC COLLECTING TING SYSTE SYSTEM. M. SECTION 6

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5-10 5-10 5-10 5-10 5-10

FUEL FU EL ST STRI RIPP PPIN ING G SY SYST STEMS EMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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541-6.4.1 541-6. 4.1 541-6. 541 -6.4.2 4.2 541-6.4.3 5416.4.3 SECTION 7

SERVICE SERVIC E SYS SYSTEM TEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRANSF TRA NSFER ER SYS SYSTEM TEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OILY OIL Y WA WATER DRAIN DRAIN COLLEC COLLECTING TING SYSTE SYSTEM. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6-3 6-3 6-3

CARG CA RGO O OI OIL L SY SYST STEM EMS S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7-1

541-7. 541 -7.1 1 INT INTROD RODUCT UCTION ION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-7. 541 -7.1.1 1.1 FLE FLEET ET OIL OILER. ER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-7. 541 -7.1.2 1.2 FOS FOSS S PRO PROCED CEDURE URES. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-7. 541 -7.1.3 1.3 CAR CARGO GO OIL SYS SYSTE TEM. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-7. 541 -7.1.4 1.4 CAR CARGO GO OIL OIL STR STRIPP IPPING ING SYS SYSTEM TEM.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-7.1.5 5417.1.5 CONT CONTAMIN AMINA ATED CARGO CARGO OIL RECLAM RECLAMA ATION SYSTEM SYSTEM.. . 541-7. 541 -7.2 2

SAFETY SAF ETY.

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7-1 7-1 7-1 7-1 7-1 7-2

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7-2

541-7.3 5417.3 GENE GENERAL RAL INFOR INFORMA MATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-7.3.1 5417.3.1 CARG CARGO O OIL SYSTE SYSTEM M FLEXI FLEXIBILIT BILITY Y. . . . . . . . . . . . 541-7.3.1 5417.3.1.1 .1 Tr Transfe ansferr Betwee Between n Cargo Cargo Oil Tanks. . . . . . . 541-7.3.1 5417.3.1.2 .2 Disc Discharg hargee Fuel to Two Two Ships Ships Simul Simultane taneousl ously y. . 541-7. 541 -7.3.2 3.2 CAR CARGO GO OIL OIL SYS SYSTE TEM M FLOW FLOW RATES RATES.. . . . . . . . . . . 541-7.3.3 5417.3.3 CARG CARGO O OIL OIL SYSTE SYSTEM M PRESSUR PRESSURE E REGULA REGULATION TION.. . . .

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541-8.3 5418.3 CORRE CORRECTIVE CTIVE MAIN MAINTENA TENANCE. NCE. . . . . . . 541-8.3.1 5418.3.1 SOURC SOURCES ES OF INFO INFORMA RMATION TION.. . . 541-8. 541 -8.3.2 3.2 ONON-THE THE-JO -JOB B TRA TRAINI INING NG.. . . . . . . 541-8.3.3 5418.3.3 ISOLATION FOR MAIN MAINTENA TENANCE. NCE.

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8-2 8-2 8-2 8-2

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9-1


9-1

541-8.4 5418.4 ACTI ACTIONS ONS REQU REQUIRED IRED AFTER MAIN MAINTENA TENANCE. NCE. 541-8.4.1 5418.4.1 HYDR HYDROST OSTA ATIC TEST TEST.. . . . . . . . . . . . 541-8.4.2 5418.4.2 OPERATIONA TIONAL L PRESSU PRESSURE RE TEST TEST.. . . . 541-8. 541 -8.4.3 4.3 SYS SYSTE TEM M FLU FLUSHI SHING. NG. . . . . . . . . . . . 541-8.4.3 5418.4.3.1 .1 Tra Transfer nsfer Syste System m Flus Flushing hing.. . . 541-8. 541 -8.4.3 4.3.2 .2 Ser Servic vicee Syst System em Flu Flushi shing. ng. . . . 541-8.4.3 5418.4.3.3 .3 Strip Stripping ping Syste System m Flus Flushing hing.. . . SECTION 9

541-9. 541 -9.1 1

FUEL FU EL SY SYST STEM EM CO COMP MPON ONEN ENTS TS

54154 1-9. 9.2 2 TAN ANKS KS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.2.1 2.1 TAIL AILPIP PIPES. ES. . . . . . . . . 541-9.2.2 5419.2.2 TANK COA COATING TINGS. S. . . . . 541-9.2.3 5419.2.3 TANK INSPE INSPECTION CTION AND

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S9086-SN-STM-010


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Page 541-9.6.2 5419.6.2.4 .4 541-9 54 1-9.6. .6.2.5 2.5

Magnetic Level-I Magnetic Level-Indic ndicating ating S Syste ystems ms in Contami Contaminated nated Oil Oil Settling Settling Tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epoxy Epo xy Coa Coatin tings. gs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-6 9-7

541-9. 541 -9.7 7 TANK SIG SIGHT HT GL GLASS ASSES. ES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54154 1-9. 9.7. 7.1 1 GE GENE NERA RAL. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.7.2 5419.7.2 DIRE DIRECT CT-READ -READING ING SIGHT GLAS GLASSES. SES. . 541-9.7.3 5419.7.3 INDI INDIRECT RECT-REA -READING DING SIGHT GLAS GLASSES. SES. 541-9.7.4 CLEA CLEAV VAGE INDICA INDICATING TING SYSTEM. . .

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9-7 9-7 9-7 9-7 9-7

541-9. 541 -9.8 8 TANK ACC ACCESS ESS COV COVERS ERS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54154 1-9. 9.8. 8.1 1 GE GENE NERA RAL. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54154 1-9. 9.8. 8.2 2 GA GASK SKET ETS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.8.3 8.3 SEA SEALIN LING G SUR SURF FACE ACES. S. . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.8.4 5419.8.4 TIGH TIGHTENI TENING NG COVE COVER R FASTE ASTENERS. NERS. . . 541-9.8.5 5419.8.5 CHEC CHECKING KING GASKE GASKET T COMP COMPRESSI RESSION. ON. . 541-9. 541 -9.8.6 8.6 CHE CHECKI CKING NG FOR LE LEAKS AKS.. . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.8.7 8.7 ST STOPP OPPING ING LE LEAKS AKS.. . . . . . . . . . . . .

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54154 1-9. 9.9 9 PI PIPI PING NG.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54154 1-9. 9.9. 9.1 1 GE GENE NERA RAL. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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S9086-SN-STM-010


Chapter/Paragraph 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.2 2 APP APPLIC LICA ATIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.2.1 2.1 Tr Trans ansfer fer Sys System tems. s. . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.2.2 2.2 Ser Servic vicee Sys System tems. s. . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.12. 5419.12.2.3 2.3 Inlin Inlinee and Cone Cone-T -Type ype Strai Strainers ners.. . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.3 3 DES DESCRI CRIPTI PTION. ON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.12. 5419.12.3.1 3.1 Metal Metal-Edg -Edgee Strai Strainers. ners. . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.3.2 3.2 Sim Simple plex x and Dup Duplex lex.. . . . . . . . 541-9.12. 5419.12.3.3 3.3 Fires Firesafe afe Fuel Oil Strai Strainer ner.. . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.4 4 OPE OPERA RATIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.12. 5419.12.4.1 4.1 Tra Transfer nsfer Syste System m Strai Strainer ner.. . . . . . 541-9.12. 5419.12.4.2 4.2 Servi Service ce Syst System em Strai Strainer ner.. . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.4.3 4.3 Pre Pressu ssure re Drop Drop Fail Failss to Incre Increase ase.. . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.5 5 MAI MAINT NTENA ENANCE NCE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.12. 5419.12.5.1 5.1 Prepar Preparation ation for Disas Disassemb sembly ly.. . . . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.5.2 5.2 Cle Cleani aning ng the Bas Basket kets. s. . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.5.3 5.3 Ret Return urnin ing g to to Serv Service ice.. . . . . . . . 541-9.12.6 541-9 .12.6 SIMPL SIMPLEX EX FUEL OIL SER SERVICE VICE STRA STRAINER. INER. 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.7 7 OPE OPERA RATIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.12. 12.8 8 MAI MAINT NTENA ENANCE NCE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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9-13 9-13 9-13 9-13 9-13 9-14 9-14 9-14 9-16 9-16 9-16 9-17 9-17 9-17 9-17 9-17 9-18 9-18 9-19

541-9.13 541-9 .13 FIL FILTER/ TER/SEP SEPARA ARATORS TORS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.13. 13.1 1 APP APPLIC LICA ATIO TION. N.

9-19 9 19











































S9086-SN-STM-010


Chapter/Paragraph

Page 541-9.14. 541-9. 14.4.3 4.3 541-9.14. 5419.14.4.4 4.4

Returning Return ing to Ser Servic vice. e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ordering Orde ring Pre-fi Pre-filter lter Elem Elements ents.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

541-9. 541 -9.15 15 CEN CENTRI TRIFUG FUGAL AL PUR PURIFI IFIERS ERS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.15 5419.15.1 .1 APPL APPLICA ICATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.15 15.2 .2 DE DESCR SCRIPT IPTION ION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.15. 5419.15.2.1 2.1 Phys Physical ical Desc Descripti ription. on. . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.15. 5419.15.2.2 2.2 Func Function tional al Desc Descripti ription. on. . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.15 5419.15.3 .3 PRIM PRIMING-W ING-WATER SEAL SEAL.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.15 5419.15.4 .4 PURIF PURIFICA ICATION TION OF FUEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.15. 15.4.1 4.1 Pha Phase se Sep Separa aratio tion. n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.15. 5419.15.4.2 4.2 Fuel Fuel/W /Water ater Inter Interface. face. . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.15. 15.4.3 4.3 Gra Gravit vity y Rin Ring. g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.15. 5419.15.4.4 4.4 Soli Solid d Conta Contamin minant ant Remo Removal. val. . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.15. 15.4.5 4.5 Wate aterr Rem Remov oval. al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.15 5419.15.5 .5 PURIF PURIFIER IER CLEAN CLEANING ING (REM (REMOV OVAL AL OF SLUDGE SLUDGE). ). 541-9. 541 -9.15. 15.5.1 5.1 Sel Self-C f-Clea leanin ning. g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9.15. 5419.15.5.2 5.2 SelfSelf-Clean Cleaning ing Shoo Shoott Cycl Cycle. e. . . . . . . . . 541-9.15 5419.15.6 .6 DENS DENSITY ITY OF CONT CONTAMIN AMINANTS ANTS.. . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.15 15.7 .7 OPE OPERA RATIO TION. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-9. 541 -9.15. 15.7.1 7.1 Pre Precau cautio tions. ns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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9-27 9-28 9-28 9-28 9-28 9-28 9-30 9-31 9-31 9-31 9-31 9-31 9-31 9-31 9-32 9-32 9-32 9-32 9-32 9-32













































S9086-SN-STM-010


Chapter/Paragraph 541-10.3. 541-10 .3.10 10 541-10 541 -10.3. .3.1 11 541-10 541 -10.3. .3.12 12 541-10 541 -10.3. .3.13 13 541-10.3. 54110.3.14 14 541-10.3.15 541-10.3. 54110.3.16 16 541-10 541 -10.3. .3.17 17 541-10.3. 54110.3.18 18 541-10 541 -10.3. .3.19 19 541-10 541 -10.3. .3.20 20

Page ASH CON CONTEN TENT T. . . . . . . . . . . . . COLOR. COL OR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPEA APP EARAN RANCE. CE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . CARBON CAR BON RES RESIDU IDUE. E. . . . . . . . . . . DEMULSIFIC DEMU LSIFICA ATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . PAR ARTICULA TICULATE TE CONT CONTAMINA AMINATION. TION. . STORAGE STOR AGE ST STABIL ABILITY ITY.. . . . . . . . . TRACE TRA CE MET METAL ALS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . DISTILLA DISTI LLATION TION.. . . . . . . . . . . . . ACID ACI D NUM NUMBER BER.. . . . . . . . . . . . . AROMA ARO MATIC TICS. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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10-5 10-5 10-5 10-5 10-5 10-5 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6













































S9086-SN-STM-010


Chapter/Paragraph 541-10.6 54110.6.4 .4 541-10.6 54110.6.5 .5

Page RECEIPT FROM RECEIPT FROM A COMM COMMERCIA ERCIAL L SUPPLI SUPPLIER ER UNDER UNDER A GOVERNMENT BUNKER CONTRACT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RECEIPT RECE IPT FROM FROM A COMM COMMERCIA ERCIAL L SUPPLI SUPPLIER ER NOT NOT UNDER UNDER GOVERNMENT CONTRACT SEA CARD OPEN MARKET (LOCAL PURCHASE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

541-10.7 54110.7 SHIPB SHIPBOARD OARD SAMP SAMPLING LING AND TEST TESTING ING PROCE PROCEDURE DURES. S. 541-10 541 -10.7. .7.1 1 TY TYPES PES OF FUE FUEL L SAM SAMPLI PLING. NG. . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-10.7 54110.7.2 .2 SAMP SAMPLING LING DURIN DURING G FUEL FUEL (F-76 (F-76)) RECEIPT RECEIPT.. . . . 541-10.7 54110.7.3 .3 SAMP SAMPLING LING EQUI EQUIPMEN PMENT T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-10 541 -10.7. .7.3.1 3.1 Fue Fuell Thi Thief. ef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541-10.7. 54110.7.3.2 3.2 Water ater-Indi -Indicatin cating g Paste

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10-23

10-23 10-23 10-23 10-24 10-24 10-25 10 27













































S9086-SN-STM-010

LIST OF TABLES

Table

Title 541-9-1.

Page

ORDERING FUEL SYSTEM FIL FILTER/SEP TER/SEPARA ARATOR TOR ELEMENTS . . . . . . . . . .

9-25

541-10-1. 541-1 0-1.

COMPARISO COMP ARISON N OF SELECTED SELECTED FUEL SPECI SPECIFICA FICATION TION REQUIRE REQUIREMENT MENTS S1

. . .

10-7

54154 1-1 100-2. 2.

OPE PERA RAT TIO ION NAL IMP IM PACT CTS S ON PROP PR OPU ULS LSIO ION N EQU QUIP IPM MENT USING USIN G COMMERCIAL FUEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-13

541-10-3. 541-1 0-3.

SHIPBOARD SHIPB OARD SAMPL SAMPLING ING AND TESTI TESTING NG REQUIREM REQUIREMENTS ENTS FOR FOR F-76 F-76 FUEL1 .

10-14

541-10 541 -10-4. -4.

SHIPBOARD SHIPBO ARD SAMPLIN SAMPLING G AND TESTING TESTING REQU REQUIRE IREME MENTS NTS FOR F-7 F-76 6 FUEL FUEL ABOARD LITTORAL COMBAT SHIPS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-16

SAMPLI SAM PLING NG EQU EQUIPM IPMENT ENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10-24

541-10 541 -10-5. -5.













































S9086-SN-STM-010

LIST OF ILLU ILLUSTRAT STRATIONS IONS

Figure

Title

Page

541-3-1. 5413-1.

Typic ypical al Seawater Seawater-Com -Compensa pensated ted Fuel Fuel Storage Storage Tank Tank Bank Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3-3

541-9-1. 5419-1.

FloatingFloat ing-Ball Ball Check Check Valve (Secti (Sectional onal View) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-4

541-9541 -9-2. 2.

Firesa Fir esafe fe Fuel Fuel Oil Str Strain ainer er (FSF (FSFOS) OS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-15

541-9-3. 5419-3.

Filter/Sep Filt er/Separato aratorr Flow Schem Schematic atic

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-21

541-9541 -9-4. 4.

Purifie Pur ifierr Cro Crossss-Sec Sectio tion n

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9-29

541-9-5. 5419-5.

Flow and Oper Operation ation of Purifi Purifier er (Self(Self-Clean Cleaning) ing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9-30

F-76 and and JP-5 JP-5 Visco Viscosity sity - Temper Temperatur aturee Curves Curves

10-4

541-10-1 54110-1..

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S9086-SN-STM-010

SAFETY SUMMARY

WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS Specific warnings and cautions applying to the system/equipment covered by this manual are summarized below. These warnings and cautions appear elsewhere in the manual following paragraph headings and immediately preceding the text to which they apply. They are repeated here for emphasis.















































S9086-SN-STM-010

Make sure that strainer vent lines are directed downward into an oily water drain















































S9086-SN-STM-010

Ensure that pre-filter vents are directed downward into an oily water drain col-















































S9086-SN-STM-010

To prevent overheating, fuel must be flowing through the heater before power is















































S9086-SN-STM-010

Separator Separa tor eleme elements nts have deli delicate cate and vuln vulnerabl erablee surfa surfaces. ces. Prot Protect ect them from















































S9086-SN-STM-010

Frequent restarts may damage the purifier motor. Do not attempt to restart within































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































S9086-SN-STM-010

off. A relief valve is usually provided around the cutout valve to only one of the service tanks. (Even if the cutout valves to both service tanks were shut, the relief valve would pass fuel to its service tank, regardless of which service tank was on line.) Fuel returns from operating diesel engines to service tanks shall remain open. Blocking the fuel return could damage the engine . 541-5.4.1.4.1 Many diesel engine return lines include coolers coolers that cool the fuel to approximately 110 °F (43 °C). Cooling the fuel ensures that fuel in the service tank does not become too warm for proper engine operation. Excessively warm fuel will not cool the injectors effectively and could begin vaporizing in the engine fuel system before reaching the injectors. In some cases, non-cooled return fuel could even heat the service tank to 140 °F (60 °C), the flash point of F-76, causing hazardous vapors to emanate from the tank vent/air escape . Engines with wit h no coo cooler lerss in the ret return urn lin lines es hav havee suf sufffici icient ently ly lon long g lin lines es and lar large ge ser servic vicee tan tanks ks to pre preven ventt fue fuell fro from m becoming too warm.

The return line check valve does not provide adequate isolation for maintenance. 541-5.4.1.4.2 Diesel engines are usually maintained, including including filter changeout, when all engines in the space are secured. If an engine has to be serviced while other engines in the space are operating, isolate the fuel lines to and from the engine being maintained in accordance with requirements in NSTM Chapter 505, Piping Systems. Do not rely on the return line check valve to isolate the engine. 541-5.4.2 5415.4.2 OPER OPERA ATION TION..

Conduct Cond uct all operations operations accordin according g to the ship’s ship’s EOSS procedures. procedures.

541-5.4.2.1 541-5.4.2 .1 Syste System m Startup. Startup. Alig Align n the fuel system before before starting starting the diesel diesel engine. engine. Generally Generally, no other action is necessary. If the engine has been secured for an extended period of time, however, or if maintenance on the fuel system has been conducted, the engine may have to be primed. 541-5.4.2.1.1 541-5.4.2 .1.1 Servi Service ce tanks are loca located ted so that fuel pump inlets are flood flooded ed when the tanks are full. Fuel will usually begin flowing when the engine is started. 541-5.4.2.1.2 541-5.4.2 .1.2 Thor Thorough oughly ly inspect the fuel system for leaks as soon as poss possible ible after fuel begi begins ns flowing in the lines. Pay particular attention to the fuel lines on the engine itself. Fires have been started by fuel leaks spraying or dripping onto hot engine parts. 541-5.4.2.2 541-5.4.2 .2 Conti Continuin nuing g Operation. Operation. diesel ships:

Observe Obse rve the following following guid guideline eliness for cont continui inuing ng fuel service operation operation on

a. Frequ Frequentl ently y check the differen differential tial pressure pressure of the engine’s engine’s attached duplex duplex fuel filter. filter. If it rise risess abov abovee the pre-







































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-5.4.2.3 541-5.4.2 .3 Secur Securing ing the System. System. Variou ariouss isolation isolation valves in the fuel service service system are closed closed after the diesel engines in a space are secured. If the diesel engine is for an emergency generator, the engine systems (including fuel) should be aligned for automatic starting. No other fuel system action is required. 541-5.5

GAS TURBI TURBINE NE SHIP SHIP SER SERVICE VICE SYSTEM SYSTEMS. S.

541-5.5.1 GENERAL INFORMATION. INFORMATION. 541-5.5.1 541-5. 5.1.1 .1 Ser Servic vicee Pum Pumps. ps. Pum Pumps ps in the service service system system act as boo booste sterr pum pumps ps,, pro provi vidin ding g fue fuell at a pos positi itive ve pressure to the gas turbines. The gas turbines have their own attached fuel pumps that increase the fuel pressure to that needed for the combustors. Two motor-driven service pumps are typically provided. Each pump can supply the flow rate for all gas turbines operating at full power. Motors have two speeds to minimize the amount of fuel recirculated and the electric power consumed. 541-5.5.1.2 541-5.5.1 .2 Heate Heaters. rs. A fuel heater, heater, or two heaters heaters in parallel, parallel, are inst installed alled downstr downstream eam of the service pumps. pumps. Only one heater is used at a time. Heaters on some ships are electric, others use steam to heat the fuel, and the FFG 7 class uses hot water from the waste heat recirculating system. The heaters heat F-76 to reduce the fuel viscosity to that required by the propulsion gas turbines and to prevent the fuel from waxing. (Because of JP-5’s overall characteristically lower viscosity and freeze point (cloud point for F-76) at any given temperature when compared to F-76, it is not necessary to heat JP-5; instead, it is routed through a heater bypass valve.) Heaters include high-temperature alarms and relief valves.

541-5.5.1 541-5. 5.1.3 .3 Fil Filtra tratio tion. n. Gas tur turbin bines es hav havee str string ingent ent fue fuell qua qualit lity y req requir uireme ements nts.. Fil Filter ter sep separa arator torss are use used d to remove free water and fine particles from the fuel. The filter separators are often preceded by pre-filters, to reduce the rate of filter separator coalescer element clogging. Filter separators are covered in paragraph 541-9.13 and pre-filters are covered in paragraph 541-9.14. 541-9.14 . Some ships have duplex pre-filters and filter separators so the elements in one compartment can be cleaned or replaced without interrupting the flow of fuel to the gas turbines. Other ships have two simplex units installed in parallel, which also makes it unnecessary to shut down when elements are cleaned or replaced. Only one simplex unit is used at a time.

541-5.5.1.4 541-5.5.1 .4 Syst System em Pressure. Pressure. An unloading unloading valve controls controls the discharge discharge pressure pressure from the service service pumps. pumps. Service pump discharge pressures are typically about 55 psig.

541-5.5.2 5415.5.2 OPERA OPERATION TION..

Conduct Cond uct all operation operationss according according to the ship EOSS procedur procedures. es.

541-5.5.2.1 541-5.5.2 .1 Syst System em Startup. Startup. The fuel service service system is usually usually operating operating before before a ship ship’s ’s service service diesel generagenerator (SSDG) or gas turbine (SSGTG)in the space is started. Details of alignment vary, depending on whether a SSDG, SSGTG, or gas turbine generator, or propulsion gas turbine is to be started. The system is often already providing fuel to a SSDG or SSGTG when the first propulsion gas turbine is started.







































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-5.5.2.1.2 Startup consists of aligning the system system for recirculation, starting the service pump, starting starting the fuel heater (if required), and aligning to provide fuel to the propulsion gas turbine module (GTM). 541-5.5.2.1.3 541-5.5.2 .1.3 When the system is first aligned aligned for recirculation recirculation,, ensu ensure re that fuel returns from downstream downstream of the fuel heater so that fuel will be flowing through the heater when the heater is started. Unloading valves in most systems are upstream of the heaters, so recirculated fuel would bypass the heater. If fuel heating is not required, align the system to pass fuel through the heater bypass rather than the heater.

Watch the pre-fil pre-filter ter and filter filter/sep /separato aratorr for leak leakage age when the servi service ce pump is started. Stop the pump immediately if you see any leaks. Fuel leaks can start fuel fires. 541-5.5.2.1.4 541-5.5.2 .1.4 Start the service pump at slow spee speed. d. Slow speed provides adequate fuel for startup and most ship operating modes. Thoroughly inspect the fuel system for leaks immediately after the pump is started, before any engines or gas turbines are started. 541-5.5.2 541-5. 5.2.1. .1.5 5 A SSDG or SSG SSGTG TG can be sta starte rted d at thi thiss poi point. nt. If a gen genera erator tor is sta starte rted, d, fue fuell wil willl be flow flowing ing through the heater regardless of the recirculation path used.

To prevent overheating, fuel must be flowing through the heater before power is applied or steam (or hot water from the waste heat recirculating system on FFG 7 class) is admitted to the heater. 541-5.5.2.1.6 541-5.5.2 .1.6 Start the heater, heater, if required. If the heater is elect electric, ric, energize energize it. If the heater is steam steam-heat -heated ed or water-heated, align its system valves. Check the discharge temperature. 541-5.5.2 541-5. 5.2.1. .1.7 7 Ope Open n the GT GTM M fue fuell su suppl pply y val valves ves and rec recirc ircul ulati ation on val valves ves.. The mai main n fue fuell val valve ve in the GTM remains closed until the GTM is ready for fuel. All fuel to the GTM recirculates back to the service pump suction (or to the service tank on FFG 7’s and DDG 51’s) until the GTM main fuel valve opens. 541-5.5.2.2 541-5.5.2 .2 Conti Continuin nuing g Operation. Operation. gas turbine ships:

Observe Obse rve the following following guid guideline eliness for cont continui inuing ng fuel service operation operation on







































S9086-SN-STM-010

scribed limit. An indicator light on the unit shows that one compartment needs to be cleaned. Check for the indicator light periodically, for indication of clogged elements. c. If both GTMs in a space are operating operating at high power power levels, one service service pump at slow will be unable to keep up with the fuel demand. If header pressure falls, the lead pump will automatically switch from slow to fast. On some ships, if this fails to restore header pressure, the standby pump will start in fast. d. No operating operating mode requires requires more fuel than both pumps pumps at fast can provide. If the header pressure is still low, there may be a major leak in the fuel system. For this reason, if the header pressure remains low with both pumps running at fast, both pumps will stop automatically. e. Perio Periodical dically ly rotate service pump operation operation to main maintain tain equal wear on the pumps. 541-5.5.2.3 541-5.5.2 .3 Secur Securing ing the System. System. Steps taken taken to secure secure the system are are the reverse of system system startup: startup: Close Close the fuel supply valve of the last GTM, SSDG, or SSGTG. Secure the heater and the service pump. Close the system valves. 541-5.6

LANDING LAND ING CRAFT CRAFT AIR AIR CUSHION CUSHION (LCAC) (LCAC) SERVICE SERVICE SYSTEMS. SYSTEMS.

541-5.6.1 GENERAL INFORMA INFORMATION. TION. Amphibious ships that that carry air-cushion air-cushion landing craft (landing craft air cushion, or LCAC) have separate service systems that supply fuel-to-deck connections for fueling the LCAC’s. This section discusses service systems aboard ships used to fuel LCAC’s, not fuel systems on the LCAC’s themselves. 541-5.6.1.1 541-5.6.1 .1 LCAC fuel is stor stored ed in dedi dedicated cated LCAC service service tanks. The LCAC fuel serv service ice system is similar similar to a simplified version of a gas turbine fuel service system. One of two service pumps takes suction from a service tank and delivers the fuel to the deck connection through a pre-filter and a filter separator. An unloading valve controls service pump discharge pressure by returning unneeded fuel to the online service tank. 541-5.6.1.2 541-5.6.1 .2 Cont Control rol valves at the fueling stations stations control the flow rate to the LCAC. The fuel fueling ing stations stations have hose flushing connections. The flushing connections return fuel to the ship’s fuel fill piping, so flushed fuel can be returned to a storage tank. 541-5.6.2 5415.6.2 OPERA OPERATION TION..

Conduct Cond uct all operations operations accordin according g to the ship ship’s ’s EOSS procedures. procedures.

1. Alig Align n the valv valves es to draw fuel from the sele selected cted service service tank using the selected selected serv service ice pump. 2. Alig Align n the selec selected ted control control valve at the fuel fueling ing station. station. 3. Start the the pump. pump. 4. Open the hose reel valve, allowing allowing fuel to flow thro through ugh the hose.







































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-5.7 5415.7

INTERF INT ERFACE ACES. S.

541-5.7.1 TRAN 541-5.7.1 TRANSFER SFER SYSTEM. SYSTEM. part of the service system.

The transfer transfer system fills fills the service tanks. tanks. The service service tanks are considere considered d

541-5.7.1.1 541-5.7.1 .1 In an emer emergency gency,, servi service ce pumps on steam and gas turb turbine ine ships can take suction suction dire directly ctly from the storage tanks, usually through the transfer system main. The connection to the transfer system is usually locked closed. Drawing fuel directly from the storage tanks increases the chances of drawing contaminated fuel, because the transfer system filtration is bypassed and there is no opportunity for fuel to settle or to be recirculated in the service tank. 541-5.7.1 5415.7.1.2 .2 The LCAC hose flushing flushing conne connectio ctions ns deliver fuel to the tran transfer sfer system’s system’s fill piping. piping. 541-5.7.2 AVIA 541-5.7.2 VIATION TION JP-5 TRANSFE TRANSFER R SYSTEM. On ships with a JP-5 system for refuelin refueling g aircraft, aircraft, the ship fuel service system can receive JP-5 from the JP-5 transfer system. This enables the JP-5 transfer pumps to fill the propulsion fuel oil service tanks. The connection to the JP-5 transfer system shall be locked closed. 541-5.7.3 STRIP 541-5.7.3 STRIPPING PING SYSTEM. SYSTEM. paragraph 541-6.4.1. 541-6.4.1.

Interfaces Inte rfaces of the service service system with with the stripping stripping system system are discussed discussed in

541-5.7.4 OIL 541-5.7.4 OILY Y WA WATER DRAIN COLLECTIN COLLECTING G SYSTEM. All fuel vents and drains drains are direc directed ted to the oily water drain collecting system. Vents often end at drip pans, and the drip pans drain to the oily water drain collecting system.









































S9086-SN-STM-010

SECTION 6 FUEL STRIPPING SYSTEMS

541-6.1 5416.1

INTROD INT RODUCT UCTION ION..

541-6.1.1 541-6. 1.1 The fue fuell str stripp ipping ing sys system tem rem remove ovess wat water er and sed sedim iment ent fro from m th thee bot bottom tomss of fue fuell tan tanks ks and als also o remove rem ovess fue fuell fro from m ser servic vicee sys system tem suc suctio tion n pip piping ing on ste steam am shi ships. ps. On ste steam am and die diesel sel ships str stripp ipping ing is an important step in making fuel clean enough for use in propulsion and auxiliary equipment.

541-6.1.2 Contaminated fuel in tanks or service system piping is usually stripped to the contaminated oil settling tank (COST). Water and most contaminants settle to the bottom of the COST. The stripping pump removes the contaminated fluid from the bottom of the COST and delivers it to the oily waste holding tank or overboard. The transfer pump draws usable fuel from a high tailpipe in the COST and delivers it to a storage tank or a service tank.

541-6.2

GENERAL GENER AL INFOR INFORMA MATION. TION.

541-6.2.1 TAILPI 541-6.2.1 AILPIPES. PES. Strip Stripping ping tailpip tailpipes es are the lowest tailpip tailpipes es in a tank tank.. Stripping Stripping a tank can remove contaminants only down to the level of the stripping tailpipe, so it is important that transfer and service suctions be higher in the tank. Stripping tailpipes are 3/4 inch from the lowest point in the tank. In configurations where twospeed, spe ed, dua duall pur purpos pose, e, tra transf nsfer/ er/str strip ippin ping g pum pumps ps are emp employ loyed, ed, a do doubl ubler er pla plate te is ins instal talled led on the tan tank k bot bottom tom directly beneath the tailpipe terminus.

541-6.2.2 CONT 541-6.2.2 CONTAMIN AMINA ATED OIL SETTLIN SETTLING G TANK. TANK. sons:

Contamina Conta minated ted fuel is pumped to the COST for two rea-

a. Avoiding pollution. The overboard discharge of fuel is strictly controlled, especially when in port or near land. See NSTM Chapter 593, Pollution Control .









































S9086-SN-STM-010

Do not reclaim fuel from any COST suspected of having fluids containing hydrocarbons other than ship’s fuel.

541-6.2.3 COMPENSATED 541-6.2.3 COMPENSATED TANKS. TANKS. Seawa Seawater ter-comp -compensat ensated ed stora storage ge tanks do not have low-point low-point strip stripping ping tailpipes. For some large-deck amphibious ships, where modifications were conducted to convert the fuel tanks to seawater-compensated tanks, the stripping tailpipes and the related functionality were maintained. The nature of seawater-compensated tanks makes it pointless to try to strip water from the bottoms of these tanks. (Seawatercompensated tanks are described in paragraph 541-3.5) 541-3.5).

541-6.2.4 INTEGRA INTEGRATION TION WITH OTHER SYSTEMS.

541-6.2.4 541-6. 2.4.1 .1 Str Stripp ipping ing wi with th Tr Trans ansfer fer Sys System tem.. Som Somee shi ships ps lac lack k a sep separa arate te fue fuell str stripp ipping ing sy syste stem. m. The tra transf nsfer er pump can be aligned to discharge to the COST and is used as a stripping pump. On such ships the transfer system tailpipes are 3/4 inch from the lowest point in the tank. Some ships employ a dual purpose transfer/stripping system syst em by usin using g a two-s two-speed, peed, positive positive disp displacem lacement ent trans transfer/s fer/strip tripping ping pump. In thes thesee confi configurat gurations ions,, the discharge can be aligned to the COST.

541-6.2.4.2 541-6.2.4 .2 Servi Service ce Tank Tank Recirculat Recirculation. ion. Gas turbine turbine ships strip strip water and solid contamin contaminants ants from standby standby serservice tanks by recir recirculat culating ing the servi service ce tank contents. contents. The trans transfer fer pump take takess suct suction ion from the bottom of the service tank and recirculates the fuel through the transfer system centrifugal purifier. Instead of pumping the water and solid contaminants from the service tank to a COST, they are removed by multiple passes through the purifier. Service tank recirculation should begin as soon as a service tank is filled by the transfer system, and continue until fuel quality requirements are met.

541-6.2.4.3 541-6.2.4 .3 Bilge Strippin Stripping. g. On all newer ships fuel stripping stripping systems systems are separate from bilge bilge stripping stripping systems. Fuel stripping systems should not be used to strip bilges because of the additional contamination this could introduce to the fuel.









































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541-6.4 5416.4

INTERF INT ERFACE ACES. S.

541-6.4.1 SER 541-6.4.1 SERVICE VICE SYSTEM. SYSTEM. The strippin stripping g system takes takes suction suction from the service service tanks. On steam ships ships the stripping system can also take suction from the service pump suction piping through a locked-closed valve. On steam ships the discharges of the boiler fuel manifolds can be directed to a COST, enabling the service pumps to remove contaminated fuel at the boiler front. 541-6.4.2 TRANS 541-6.4.2 TRANSFER FER SYSTEM. SYSTEM. The strippin stripping g system system takes suction suction from from the storage storage tanks. tanks. The transfer transfer pump can take suction from the high tailpipe in the COST to remove usable fuel. On some smaller ships with only one transfer pump, the stripping pump can be used as an emergency transfer pump. 541-6.4.3 541-6. 4.3 OIL OILY Y WATER DRA DRAIN IN COL COLLEC LECTIN TING G SYS SYSTE TEM. M. The str stripp ipping ing pu pump mp can dis discha charg rgee to the oil oily y waste holding tank. All fuel vents and drains, including those in the stripping system, are directed to the oily water drain collecting system, usually through a funnel.









































6-4 @@FIpgtype@@BLANK@@!FIpgtype@@









































S9086-SN-STM-010

SECTION 7 CARGO OIL SYSTEM SYSTEMS S 541-7.1 5417.1

INTROD INT RODUCT UCTION ION..

541-7.1.1 541-7. 1.1 FLE FLEET ET OILER. OILER. The fleet oiler (Navy tanker) tanker) function functionss as a tra transp nsport orter er and suppli supplier er of fue fuel. l. The cargo oil system on fleet oilers is arranged to receive fuel in bulk from shore or from ships alongside and to discharge it through a fueling hose to other ships alongside. Detailed instructions are provided in CINCLANTFLTINST/CINCPACFLTINST 4026.1, Fuel Management Afloat. cargo fue fuell 541-7.1.2 541-7. 1.2 FOSS PROCEDUR PROCEDURES. ES. Thi Thiss sec sectio tion n bri briefly efly describes certain certain fueli fueling ng oper operation ations, s, but cargo operations shall always be conducted according to the ship’s Fuel Operational Sequencing System (FOSS) consists ists of coord coordinat inated, ed, stan standardi dardized zed procedures procedures and diagrams for procedure proce dures, s, wher wheree provi provided ded. The FOSS cons operating the cargo fuel systems on fleet oilers.

541-7.1.3 CARGO OIL 541-7.1.3 OIL SYSTEM. SYSTEM. Detai Details ls of cargo oil oil systems systems vary, vary, but for all newer ships ships the general general configuration figura tion is stand standard. ard. Tank pipi piping ng arran arrangeme gements nts and inte interconn rconnecti ections ons vary cons considera iderably bly.. Carg Cargo o oil pump pumpss on most ships can also take suction from the cargo oil or settling tank. Some ships have separate deck connections for receiving and discharging fuel. The cargo oil system has the following functions: a. Filling cargo oil tanks. Fuel is received at the deck connections and flows to the cargo oil tanks through the suction/fill main. The cargo oil pumps are not used. b. Providing fuel to other ships. One or more cargo oil pumps take suction from cargo oil tanks through either the suction/fill main or the suction main. The pumps discharge through the discharge main to the deck connections. c. Transferring fuel between cargo oil tanks. A cargo oil pum pump p takes suction suction from a carg cargo o oil tank through the suction suct ion main. The pump discharges discharges through through eith either er the discharge discharge main or throu through gh the suction/fill suction/fill main to another cargo oil tank. 541-7.1.4 CARGO OIL STRIPPIN 541-7.1.4 STRIPPING G SYSTEM. Carg Cargo o oil stripping stripping systems systems vary widely among ships. ships. Most ships have two cargo oil stripping pumps installed in parallel. The cargo oil stripping system has the following











































S9086-SN-STM-010

d. Transferring remaining fuel between cargo oil tanks. Because stripping tailpipes are lower in the tanks than cargo oil system tailpipes, the stripping system can remove fuel remaining in a cargo oil tank when the cargo oil system loses suction. A cargo oil stripping pump takes suction from a cargo oil tank and discharges to the cargo oil system, which must be aligned to direct the fuel to the receiving cargo oil tank. 541-7.1.5 CONT 541-7.1.5 CONTAMIN AMINA ATED CARGO OIL RECLAMA RECLAMATION SYSTEM. SYSTEM. Newer tankers include include a conta contamiminated cargo oil reclamation system, which returns usable fuel from the contaminated cargo oil collecting tank to the cargo oil system. Contaminated fuel remaining in the contaminated cargo oil collecting tank is removed by the cargo oil stripping system. 541-7.1.5.1 Contaminated fuel in the contaminated cargo oil collecting collecting tank is given time to settle, which allows the water and other contaminants to naturally separate from the fuel. Tank level indicators ( paragraph 541-9.6) 541-9.6) indicate the locations of the air/fuel and fuel/water interfaces. 541-7.1.5.2 541-7.1.5 .2 The contaminated contaminated cargo cargo oil collecting collecting tank has thre threee tail tailpipe pipes. s. The high tailpipe tailpipe is 4 feet above the tank bottom, the midtailpipe is 18 inches above the tank bottom, and the low tailpipe is just above the tank bottom. Water is stripped from the contaminated cargo oil collecting tank through the bottom tailpipe. Usable fuel can be removed from the midtailpipe when the fuel/water interface is below it. Usable fuel can be removed from the high tailpipe when the tank is full enough and the fuel/water interface is below the high tailpipe. The high tailpipe is used when the fuel/water interface is above the midtailpipe because the water has not been stripped from the tank. The high tailpipe can also be used when the fuel/water interface is below the midtailpipe, because the highest quality fuel (the fuel farthest from the interface is potentially the least contaminated) will always be obtained from the high tailpipe.











































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-7.3.2 CARGO OIL SYSTEM 541-7.3.2 SYSTEM FLOW RATES. RATES. Carg Cargo o oil pumps are typically typically centrifug centrifugal al pumps of 3,000 gal/min capacity, although some pumps are rated as high as 6,000 gal/min. The flow rate of one 3,000-gal/min cargo oil pump matches that of one standard deck connection on a receiving ship. Tailpipes in larger cargo oil tanks can pass 3,000 gal/min. Wing tank tailpipes are usually limited to 1,500 gal/min. All cargo oil tank tailpipes on AOE 6 class ships can pass 3,000 gal/min. 541-7.3.3 CARGO OIL SYSTEM 541-7.3.3 SYSTEM PRESSURE PRESSURE REGULATION REGULATION.. The discharge discharge pressure pressure of motor-driven motor-driven cargo cargo oil pumps is regulated by two independent valves. Both recirculate excess discharge fuel to cargo oil pump suction. Power-operated throttling valves are installed between the discharge risers and the suction/fill and suction mains. Pressure-regulating valves are installed at each pump to recirculate flow directly from pump discharge to pump suction to maintain discharge pressure below 150 lb/in2. 541-7.3.3.1 541-7.3.3 .1 To reduc reducee the fuel deli delivery very rate, crack open the powe power-op r-operate erated d recirc recirculat ulation ion valve and throttle throttle the deck discharge valve. Allowing some fuel to recirculate through the recirculation valve rather than the pressureregulating valve keeps the fuel temperature lower. 541-7.3.3.2 541-7.3.3 .2 Steam Steam-driv -driven en carg cargo o oil pump disc discharg hargee press pressure ure is contr controlle olled d by regulating regulating steam flow to the pump turbine. 541-7.3.4 541-7. 3.4 PRI PRIMIN MING G CAR CARGO GO OIL PUMPS. PUMPS. On many ships ships the cargo cargo oil pumps pumps are primed primed by the cargo cargo oil stripping pumps. A cross-connection allows the stripping pumps to take suction from the cargo oil pump suction line or casing. Since the stripping pumps are positive displacement, they are able to prime themselves, pulling fuel into the cargo oil pumps in the process.











































S9086-SN-STM-010

a. Dissolved water, which causes changes in fuel appearance with variations in ambient temperature because the water solubility in fuel changes as temperature changes. Cloud points have been observed with as little as 20 °F (-11 °C) of change. Test by heating fuel samples to the issue temperature; then use the free water visual test. b. Leaks between tanks of different products, or from the sea through the hull. c. Rust and sediment resulting from improper tank cleaning procedures and schedules. d. Free water present in fuel (after stripping and water cuts indicate no free water on the bottom) may result from: 1 Pump strainer strainer not drai drained ned of retai retained ned water. water. 2 Open valves valves.. 3 Insu Insuffficien icientt flush flushing ing of, or conde condensati nsation on in, hose. 4 Leaki Leaking ng valves in eductor system system or betw between een sea chest and pum pump. p. 5 Resid Residual ual water not drained from cargo oil pipi piping ng after ball ballastin asting g or deba deballast llasting ing the tanks tanks.. 541-7.4.1.1.1 541-7.4.1 .1.1 Sedim Sediment ent content in line samp samples les may fluctu fluctuate ate if rust scale flakes off the inte interior rior walls of ferro ferrous us piping. For this reason, a single line sample failing to meet the standards shall not be cause for rejection. Take at least three line samples (when pumping begins, after 5 minutes, and after 10 minutes of pumping), and analyze the samples using the contaminated fuel detector. Average the results. If they are above the standards, cease the transfer operation until the sediment content is reduced. If operations require, the receiving command may authorize the transfer operation to continue, but first take an all-levels sample or a composite of upper, middle, and lower samples from the receiving tanks and test it for sediment. If this sample fails to meet the standards, begin stripping procedures.











































S9086-SN-STM-010

and all test equipment, shall be scrupulously clean . Oiler personnel are responsible for the tests listed below, except the flash point, which is the responsibility of the receiver (if equipped):

a. API/Specific Gravity. Gravity. API/specific gravity deviations will indicate any stratification or variation of a product in a tank. API/specific gravity also indicates possible contamination with a heavier or a lighter product. This test is described in paragraph 541-10.9.2.7. 541-10.9.2.7. sediment and water (BS&W). (BS&W). The BS&W test indicates contamination by foreign substances. Fleet b. Bottom sediment oilers are equipped to perform the BS&W test by the centrifuge method ( paragraph 541-10.9.2.2). 541-10.9.2.2).

c. Flash point. A flash point substantially lower than expected is a reliable indication of contamination by a highly volatile product such as gasoline. The flash point test is described in paragraph 541-10.9.2.6. 541-10.9.2.6. d. Color. The color of fuel is subject to change with age, but this is not detrimental to quality. Other color changes, however, may indicate pollution. When the fuel color at the time of the test is darker than the color reported at the time of receipt, a laboratory shall determine if the fuel is contaminated. e. Free Water Water Detector Detector (FWD). This is a portable instrumen instrumentt designed to quantitativ quantitatively ely detect free or mech mechanianically suspended water in aviation distillate fuels such as JP-5. It can be used for F-76 fuel with modified procedures (paragraph (paragraph 541-10.9.2.3). 541-10.9.2.3). f.

Contamina Conta minated ted Fuel Detector Detector (CFD). This is a porta portable ble instrument instrument used for the determinat determination ion of solid contamicontamination nati on in ai airc rcra raft ft di dist stil illa late te fu fuel elss su such ch as JP JP-5 -5.. It ca can n be us used ed fo forr FF-76 76 fu fuel el wi with th mo modi difie fied d pr proc oced edur ures es (paragraph 541-10.9.2.4). 541-10.9.2.4).

541-7.5 5417.5

OPERA OPE RATIO TION. N.











































7-6













































S9086-SN-STM-010

SECTION 8 FUEL SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

541-8.1

MAINTENAN MAINT ENANCE CE AND SAFETY SAFETY..

541-8.1.1 Good fuel system maintenance 541-8.1.1 maintenance is essen essential, tial, both for supp supporti orting ng the ship ship’s ’s mission and for ship safety. safety. Allowing fuel systems to fall into poor condition has resulted in fuel leaks and fires. Leaks and fires have also been caused by mist mistakes akes made whil whilee perfo performin rming g main maintenan tenance. ce. Super Superviso visors rs must carefully carefully selec select, t, train train,, and supervise those who perform fuel system maintenance. Making sure fuel system maintenance is timely, thorough, and error-free is the most important thing that can be done to prevent fuel fires.

541-8.1.2 The personal safety of those who perform maintenance is also extremely important. All personnel who













































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-8.3

CORRECTIV CORRE CTIVE E MAIN MAINTENAN TENANCE. CE.

541-8.3.1 541-8.3 .1 SOU SOURCE RCES S OF INF INFORM ORMA ATIO TION. N. Corr Correct ective ive mai mainte ntenan nance ce ins instru tructi ctions ons for mos mostt com compon ponent entss are included in the components’ technical manuals. Some corrective maintenance guidance for piping and valves is included in NSTM Chapter 505. Considerable maintenance information is included in formal training documentation, such as Naval Education and Training Command (NAVEDTRA) rate training manuals. 541-8.3.2 ON-T 541-8.3.2 ON-THE-J HE-JOB OB TRAINING. TRAINING. Many basic basic maintenance maintenance skills, skills, such as repairing repairing valves valves and making making up flanged joints, are learned through on-the-job training. Personnel who are learning on the job while performing fuel system maintenance must be properly supervised and their work carefully checked. Maintenance errors have caused fuel leaks and fires. If you are unsure how to do a job correctly, ask your supervisor or look it up in the appropriate manual. 541-8.3.3 5418.3.3 ISOL ISOLA ATION FOR MAINTENAN MAINTENANCE. CE.

Fuel systems systems shall be secured prior prior to perfo performin rming g corrective corrective













































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-8.4.2.3 541-8.4.2 .3 If possible, possible, perform the operational operational pressure pressure test when the space is at cold iron. Fuel leak leakss are far less likely to cause fires if the number of hot surfaces nearby is minimized. 541-8.4.3 SYSTE 541-8.4.3 SYSTEM M FLUSHING. FLUSHING. Duri During ng ship overhaul, overhaul, modernizatio modernization, n, or exten extended ded lay-up, lay-up, foreign materials materials may be introduced into fuel piping systems. If portions of the system are drained, internal carbon steel piping corrosion may also generate contaminants in the system. These contaminants could cause accelerated wear of pumps, boilers, diesel engines, or gas turbines. Excessive contamination can also overburden system strainers, filters, and purifiers. Before system lightoff, flush the system to remove industrial contaminants and free any loose scale. Guidance on flushing is given in paragraphs 541-8.4.3.1, 541-8.4.3.1, 541-8.4.3.2 541-8.4.3.2,, and 541-8.4.3.3 541-8.4.3.3.. Tailor the actual procedure proce duress as neces necessary sary for the ship and system conditions. conditions. Carbon steel pipi piping ng syst systems, ems, for exam example, ple, may require more flushing than stainless steel or copper-nickel systems because of greater internal corrosion. 541-8.4.3.1 Transfer System System Flushing.













































S9086-SN-STM-010

2.

If system pumps pumps are to be used for circulati circulating ng the flushing flushing fluid, install install temporary temporary suction suction strainers strainers to protect the pumps. Portable pumps may be used instead of system pumps. Use the maximum flow rate possible without exceeding the system’s pressure rating.

3.

On ships with with steam-turbi steam-turbine-dr ne-driven iven fuel service service pumps, pumps, use a trans transfer fer or portable portable pump to flush through the emergency transfer connection. If using a transfer pump, install a temporary suction strainer to protect the pump.

4.

For flushing flushing on diesel diesel ships, ships, use the standb standby y fuel service service pump pump or a portable portable pump.

5.

Install jumper Install jumper hoses around all pre-filters, pre-filters, filter/sep filter/separato arators, rs, heaters, heaters, boilers, diesel diesel engines, engines, gas turb turbines ines,, and inactive pumps. Be prepared to stop the flushing pump if one of the hoses leaks when the system is pressurized.

6.

Remove Remo ve pressure-reg pressure-regulat ulating ing valves valves from the system and install install spool pieces. pieces.

7.

Use system system strainers strainers to filter the flushing flushing fluid being returned returned to a selected tank. tank. If the system system has no strainer, strainer, install a temporary simplex strainer in the flush discharge piping to the tank. Install a muslin or nylon bag













































S9086-SN-STM-010

SECTION 9 FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENTS 541-9.1 5419.1

INTROD INT RODUC UCTIO TION. N.

541-9.1.1 This section covers components used in shipboard fuel systems. systems. Detailed descriptions and maintenance requirements are available in component technical manuals. Required preventive maintenance is also included in the ship’s Planned Maintenance System (PMS). PMS takes precedence over all other sources. 541-9.2 5419.2

TANK ANKS. S.

541-9.2.1 541-9.2 .1 TAIL AILPIPE PIPES. S. Fue Fuell sys system temss tak takee suc suctio tion n fro from m tan tanks ks and dis dischar charge ge int into o tan tanks ks thr throug ough h tai tailpi lpipes pes.. Tailpipes in uncompensated tanks are arranged so that different systems take suction from the tank at different















































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-9.3.1.3 541-9.3.1 .3 When overflow overflow pipe pipess from individual individual tanks are combined, combined, a check valve is inst installed alled in the line from each tank. The check valves prevent overflow fuel from entering any tank other than the overflow tank. Overflow pipes that discharge overboard have check valves to prevent water from entering the tanks through the overflow line.















































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-9.5.1.2 541-9.5.1 .2 Some fuel tank sounding sounding tubes enter the side of the tank near the tank bottom. bottom. Samples taken from these tubes might not be representative of the fuel in the tank; line samples, therefore, are taken rather than sounding tube samples.















































S9086-SN-STM-010















































S9086-SN-STM-010

c. Space Spacess dedi dedicated cated to electrical electrical or elect electroni ronicc equi equipmen pment. t. d. Space Spacess with carpeted carpeted decks. 541-9.5.3.2.1 541-9.5.3 .2.1 Float Floatinging-ball ball check valv valves es are requi required red for soun sounding ding tubes term terminati inating ng in the locat locations ions covered above, regardless of the kind of closure already installed in the sounding tube. Floating-ball check valves are to















































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-9.6

TANK LEVELLEVEL-INDI INDICA CATING TING SYSTEM SYSTEMS. S.

541-9.6.1 DESC 541-9.6.1 DESCRIPTIO RIPTION. N. Tank level-indi level-indicatin cating g (TLI) systems systems show the volume or weight of fuel in tanks. Three Thr ee bas basic ic typ types es of rem remote ote-re -readi ading, ng, lev levelel-ind indica icatin ting g sys system temss are use used d in fue fuell tan tanks: ks: the sta static tic hea head d typ typee (NAVSEA drawing 810-1385897) and two electric types (ASTM F 2044), the magnetic float (MF) sensing tech-































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-10.4

SHIPBOARD SHIPBO ARD FUEL PREFER PREFERENCE. ENCE.

541-10.4. 541-10 .4.1 1 ORD ORDER ER OF FUE FUEL L PREFEREN PREFERENCE. CE. Shi Shipbo pboard ard fuel shall be pro procur cured ed in the order order of pre prefer ferenc encee depicted in Figure in Figure 541-10-2. 541-10-2. The definitions of primary, acceptable substitute, and emergency substitute fuels are provided in the following paragraphs.

Figure Figu re 541-10-2. 541-10-2. Ship Shipboard board Propulsi Propulsion on Fuel Selection Selection Guide 541-10.4.2 541-10.4. 2 PRIMA PRIMARY RY FUEL. FUEL. The primary primary fuel for use in all shipboard shipboard power power plants (diesel (diesel engines, engines, gas turbines, and steam boilers) is a middle distillate fuel, conforming to MIL-DTL-16884, Fuel, Naval Distillate, NATO Code F-76. 541-10.4.3 ACCEPT ACCEPTABLE ABLE SUBSTITUTE SUBSTITUTE FUELS. FUELS. The NATO NATO definition definition of of an acceptable acceptable substitute substitute fuel fuel product is one that may be used in place of another product for extended periods of time without technical advice. The authorized acceptable substitute fuels for F-76, in order of preference, are JP-5 (NATO F-44), conforming to MIL-DTL-5624, NATO F-75, and ISO 8217 Grade DMA (commercial marine gas oil that is 100% distillate and contains cont ains no resid residual ual fuel contamination contamination or fatty acid meth methyl yl ester (FAME) (FAME) cont contamin aminatio ation) n) procu procured red unde underr a Defense Logistics Agency Energy (DLA Energy) bunker fuel contract. Contracts for bunker fuels under naval regional contracting centers and Navy contracting departments are acceptable provided they comply with the







































S9086-SN-STM-010

applications that involve long-term storage (6 weeks or greater), such as for emergency diesel generators on submarines, because it is not tested to the more stringent Navy storage stability requirement as defined for F-76 in MIL-DTL-16884.

Products containing residual fuel or biodiesel/FAME are unacceptable for use in shipboard power plants. 541-10.4. 541-10 .4.3.1 3.1 SEA Card Card Online Online.. SEA Card Card is a wor worldw ldwide ide marin marinee fuel procure procuremen mentt program program.. The program program constitutes the re-engineering of the acquisition process for ships’ fuel and results in a more efficient payment process for ships and DLA Energy commercial vendors. SEA Card is an order/receipt/invoice system that allows the ship to initiate fuel requests under a contract or SEA Card open market. For more information on both the SEA Card and bunker locations go to https://www.seacardsys.com or to https://www.energy.dla.mil.

All fuel accepted onboard shall meet the requirement of 140 °F minimum flash point. 541-10.4.4 541-10.4. 4 EMER EMERGENC GENCY Y SUBSTITUTE SUBSTITUTE FUELS. FUELS. The NATO NATO definition definition for an emer emergency gency substitu substitute te fuel is one that may be used in an emergency only, in place of another product, after local exploration of the adequacy of the product, using locally available technical manuals and personnel. The allowable emergency substitute fuels, in order of preference, are Commercial Marine Gas Oil (MGO conforming to ISO 8217 Grade DMA) from a commercial supplier not under a DLA Energy bunkers contract (local purchase) and ASTM D 975, 2-D. 541-10.4.4.1 541-10.4. 4.1 NA NAVSEA VSEA or TYCOM shal shalll be consu consulted lted at the earliest opportunity opportunity when the use of emer emergency gency substitute fuel is deemed necessary. If emergency substitute fuel is deemed necessary, a waiver request should be submitted in accordance with JFMM (Joint Fleet Maintenance Manual) Volume V, Chapter 8, as a request for departure from specification. NAVSEA or TYCOM shall determine how long the emergency substitute fuel can be used on board the ship.

When emergency substitute fuel is obtained, NAVSEASYSC OM/TYCOM shall shall be consulted, and the fuel shall be tested in accordance with Table 541-10-3.







































S9086-SN-STM-010

Emergency substitute Emergency substitute fuel fuels, s, by speci specificati fication, on, may have an unac unaccepta ceptable ble flash point because it is lower than the 140 °F (60 °C) minimum requirement for F-76 and JP-5. Before such fuels are load loaded ed on board board,, ship shipboard board tests shall be verifi verified ed by laboratory test to ensure that a fuel with a minimum flash point of 140 °F (60 °C) is received.

An emergency substitute fuel shall not be taken on board ship until a representative sample has been been tested for BS&W, density, and flash point in accordance with Table 541-10-3. The mixing of emergency substitute fuels with acceptable bunkerings is not recommended.

Emergency substitute fuels shall have a sulfur content of less or equal to 1.0 wt%

It is good engineering practice to use emergency substitute fuel only in emergenciess and to obt cie obtain ain guidanc guidancee as soo soon n as pos possib sible le if pri prior or gu guida idance nce cannot cannot be obtained. Any emergency fuel taken onboard must be used immediately.

541-10.4.4.2 541-10.4. 4.2 Open Market Market / Local Purchase. Purchase. Thes Thesee are considered considered fuel purchases purchases from a commercial commercial supplie supplierr not under a DLA Energy contract. Emergency substitute fuels in order of preference are Commercial Marine Gas Oil (MGO conforming to ISO 8217 Grade DMA) and ASTM D 975, 2-D. Note that product names, by themselves, are generally not useful and cannot be relied on to make an informed decision on suitability. If possible, obtain both a set of typical fuel characteristics from the supplier, and the specific specification that the fuel meets. Some commercial fuel specifications are so broad that the extreme values allowed by the spec may be outside what Navy engines can burn - obtaining typical data is therefore extremely critical. Special operational actions may be required to mitigate risks to engines and fuel handling systems.







































S9086-SN-STM-010

Figure Figu re 541-10-3. 541-10-3. Sea Card Quality Waiver Waiver Logic Logic Chart for Open Market Market Purchases Purchases 541-10.4.4.4 541-10.4. 4.4 Fuel Handling Handling Systems Systems Impacts Impacts and Safety Safety Issues. Issues. When purchas purchasing ing fuel on the open market, market, the fuel may not meet all requirements and may also contain additives that could impact water separability. ISO 8217 grade DMA will most likely be provided. As stated above, this specification is very broad and does not contain the same requirements as F-76. Information is provided below on fuel handling impacts and safety issues to mitigate the risks associated with using this emergency substitute commercial fuel.

- Ships using purifiers (diesel and gas turbine propelled ships and ships equipped with LCAC Fuel oil Sytem purifiers) should carry additional gravity disks since commercial fuel may have a higher density (higher specific gravity) than F-76 fuel. This higher specific gravity will make it harder for the purifier to separate fuel and water. water. The dens density ity of DMA is 890 kg/m kg/m3 3 (spec (specific ific gravity 0.890) @ 15 °C, maxi maximum mum,, versu versuss F-76, which is 876 kg/m3 (specific gravity 0.876) @ 15 °C, maximum. Ships should refer to the respective purifier tech manual to determine which appropriate gravity disk to be used. - The low temperature properties of commercial fuel generally allow for use within the geographic region from which the fuel is lifted. If the ship must quickly traverse to colder geographic regions, filter plugging can result on diesel and gas turbine propelled ships, and in extreme cases, could result in combustion equipment fuel starvation. To preclude this, ships should burn this fuel first, while in the region in which it was lifted. If needed, either F-76 or JP-5 may be taken onboard to blend with the high cloud point commercial fuel to reduce its cloud point.







































S9086-SN-STM-010

- Commercial fuel may not have a requirement for storage stability, or may have a less stringent requirement. For example, ISO 8217 Grade DMA has a stability requirement, but it is not as stringent a requirement as F-76. Other commercial fuel specifications have no stability requirement at all. Therefore, commercial fuel should be burned as quickly as possible (within 6-weeks) to prevent any potential filtration problems from occurring, should the fuel become unstable. - Ships should ensure that the fuel meets the flash point requirement of 60 °C (140 °F). The ISO 8217 specification for Grade DMA requires a minimum flash point of 60 °C. However, the ASTM on-road diesel fuel specification, ASTM D975, allows a flash point as low as 52 °C. While this ASTM specification is specifically for on-road vehicles, this fuel can sometimes be found at commercial marinas. Therefore, flash point shall always be verified prior to lifting commercial fuel. While the DMA specification does require a 60 °C minimum flash point and this should be provided under the DLA Energy contracts, it is still recommended that ships conduct a flash point test prior to fuel on load. - Ships should ensure that fuel does not contain fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or biodiesel components. Commercial specifications around the world vary on reportable limits. ASTM D975 specifically allows up to 5% FAME without notification to the end user. Fuel containing more than 0.5% FAME can have negative impacts on the fuel system, so any offers containing more than 0.5% FAME shall be rejected. See paragraph 541-10.5.2.1.2 for 541-10.5.2.1.2 for more information. - The quantity of commercial fuel lifted should be minimized to the greatest extent possible, thereby greatly reducing any potential negative impacts. Ships should only purchase this minimum quantity of fuel needed and should burn this fuel immediately. No commercial fuel purchased should be transferred to another ship, vessel, vesse l, or subma submarine. rine. Depending on the type of ship propulsion system, Table 541-10-2 provides 541-10-2 provides a list of potential short-term (performance and operation) and long-term (durability) maintenance issues the ships may observe as a result of burning commercial fuel. 541-10.4.4.5 541-10.4. 4.5 Mini Minimizi mizing ng Poor Fuel Quality Quality Impacts. Impacts. The extent extent of the impacts impacts listed above above will depend on how much fuel is burned, over what timeframe, and the exact quality of the fuel being lifted. To minimize the impacts, ships are encouraged to lift as small a quantity of commercial fuel as operationally necessary, consume the fuel within six weeks, and refuel with F-76 or an acceptable substitute as soon as possible. Potential adverse operational and performance impacts from using commercial fuels are outlined in Table 541-10-2.









































S9086-SN-STM-010

Table 541-10-2. OPERA OPERATIONAL TIONAL IMPACTS IMPACTS ON PROPULSION EQUIPMENT USING COMMERCIAL FUEL Gas Turbine Potential Impacts Short Term • Incr Increased eased starting starting diff difficul iculty ty,, due to a highe higherr fuel densi density ty and visc viscosit osity y. May be more prevalent prevalent with Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce Allison 501K series gas turbines than with GE LM2500’s. • Fuel nozzle nozzle spray distorti distortion on and plugging plugging due to increased increased carbon residue. residue. • Fuel viscosity viscosity could exceed exceed the 10-c 10-centis entistoke toke (cSt) maximum maximum running requireme requirement nt when the fuel temperatu temperature re drops below 65-70 F if there are no fuel heaters. On DDG 51 and CG 47 this could potentially be the case with the aft GTG set (GTG No. 3). This generator set operates less and could have fuel stored for a substantially long time period in its day tank. Therefore, if possible, GTG No. 3 should be isolated from burning commercial fuel. • Incr Increased eased hot section section corrosion corrosion and deposition deposition if trace metals are present, present, as well as incr increased eased carbon carbon residue. residue. Long Term • Incr Increased eased turbine turbine depositio deposition, n, corrosion, corrosion, and erosion erosion due to high sulfur and ash content. content. • Incr Increased eased turbine turbine coating coating corrosion corrosion,, and erosion due to high sulfur sulfur and ash content. • Incr Increased eased corrosi corrosion on and depositio deposition n if trace metals metals are present. present. Diesel Engine Potential Impacts Short Term • Rough operati operation on due to low ceta cetane ne index (less (less than 43). Conversely Conversely,, if cetane index is too high (upper (upper 50’s and greater), then premature auto-ignition in medium-speed diesels, such as Pielsticks on the LSD’s can occur. • Poor operation operation (poor atomizatio atomization), n), increased increased valve temperatures temperatures due to high viscosity viscosity.. • Lower power outpu outputt due to to low viscosi viscosity ty.. • Incr Increased eased lube lube oil changechange-outs outs due due to high sulfur sulfur.. Long Term • Incr Increased eased combusti combustion on deposits deposits on ring ringss and pist pistons; ons; exhaust exhaust valve corrosion corrosion and seating issues issues due to high carbon carbon residue, ash or sulfur, or if vanadium is present. • Incr Increased eased lube lube oil fuel fuel dilution dilution due to to low viscosity viscosity.. • Incr Increased eased soot accumula accumulation tion in lube oil and lube oil thick thickening ening due to high 90% distillation distillation temperatu temperature re point. • Incr Increased eased plugging plugging/coki /coking ng of fuel injectors injectors and damage damage to inje injector ctor pumps due to high carbon residue. residue. • Cyli Cylinder nder liner fuel wash-down wash-down is poss possible ible if fuel injectors injectors become severely severely plug plugged, ged, causing causing dist distorte orted d fuel injec injector tor spray pattern/poor atomization, due to high carbon residue, and high viscosity. • Worn injectors injectors,, high wear of cylinder liner liner,, rings, valves, valves, and valve seats due to high ash. • Incr Increased eased top-ri top-ring ng wear due due to high high sulfur sulfur.. Steam Boiler Potential Impacts









































S9086-SN-STM-010

Ships are cautioned against lifting DMX and DMB. DMX flash point is only 43 ° C (109 ° F), which does not meet the Navy’s minimum flash point requirement. DMB contains some amount of residual fuel via transportation. These fuels are not authorized for purchase.

Table 541-10-3. SHIPBOARD SAMPLING SAMPLING AND TESTING TESTING 1 REQUIREMENTS FOR F-76 FUEL Fuel Source

Frequency

Sample Location

Supplier’s Delivery Each receipt from a Tank commercial supplier or Every time emergency substitute fuel is received

Thief/ all level

Deck Connection

Line/deck connection Line/deck connection Thief/ bottom

14

Ship Storage

2

Each refuel -at start, midpoint, and finish Every 15 minutes at each refuel Within 24 hours before transfer to service tank 16

System

See note 11

Weekly

Thief/stripping discharge 12 See note 3

Gravity Feed Tanks Monthly

Limits

S X

GT X

D X

X

X

X

X X

X X

X X

Flash point 140 °F (min) API grav- Record ity BS&W8 BS 0.1% (max) 8 BS&W BS 0.1% (max)

X

X

X

Visual

X7

BS&W

X

X

X

X

X

X

Water indicating paste See note 11 API Gravity Visual

X

Sounding/ bottom

Weekly

Test(s)

X

X

8

paragraph 541-10.7.2 0.1% (max)

paragraph 541-10.7.3.2 See note 11 Record Clear & bright









































S9086-SN-STM-010

Table 541-10-3.

SHIPBOARD SAMPLING SAMPLING AND TESTING TESTING

REQUIREMENTS FOR F-76 FUEL1 - Continued Fuel Source

Frequency

Sample Location

System S

Filter Separator

Filter Separator

See note 6

See note 10

LCAC Fueling Sta- See note 13 tion

GT

Line/filter separator discharge

Test(s) D X

Visual

X

6

X

6

X

6

FWD

X

6

X

6

X

6

C FD

Filter separator sump

X

10

X

10

Visual

LCAC fueling nozzle

X

13

X

13

Visual

X

13

X

13

FWD

X

13

X

13

C FD

X

Limits Clear & bright 40 ppm (max) 2.64 mg/L (max) Clear & bright Clear & bright 40 ppm (max) 2.64 mg/L (max)

S: Steam boiler GT: Gas Turbine D: Diesel Engine Note 1: JP-5 (F-44) that has been downgraded to F-76 for use in ship engine propulsion systems shall meet the sampling and testing requirements for F-76. Note 2: No testing is required for compensated tanks, but before transferring fuel, make sure that enough fuel is available in the tank group to prevent the possibility of transfer of compensating water (ballast) to fuel service tanks. Note 3: Some gravity feed tanks are baffled into two compartments, one for emergency gas turbine supply and one for emergency SSTG supply. All compartments shall be drained for 10 seconds via the bottom drain connection. In lieu of draining, sampling is an option where low point sampling connections are provided. When samples are taken they shall meet the visual clear and bright requirements. Note 4: The emergency diesel generator (EDG) requirement also applies to infrequently operated diesel engines and gas turbines having one service tank. Accomplish after filling, monthly, after operation in Auto-start, before forced/manual starts and after post repairs/overhauls. Note 5: The purifier discharge shall be sampled and visually tested 5 minutes after initiation of transfer and every 30 minutes thereafter. For LHD 1 Class ships, this requirement applies to the LCAC fuel oil system purifier. For LSD 41/49 Class ships, this requirement applies when transferring to the LCAC fuel oil service tanks. For systems equipped with an









































S9086-SN-STM-010

Table 541-10-3.


REQUIREMENTS FOR F-76 FUEL1 - Continued Fuel Source

Frequency

Sample Location

System

Test(s)

Limits

S GT D Note 10: Where equipped with a sampling connection, the filter separator sump shall be sampled and tested 5 minutes after initial operation and 30 minutes after a service tank is placed on suction. Analyze sample for fibrous materials or gross particulate contamination which may indicate a failed filter element. For LHD 1 Class ships, this requirement applies to the LCAC fuel oil system filter separators. For LSD 41/49 Class ships, this requirement applies to the LCAC fuel oil service system filter separators. Note 11: Weekly, test each storage tank for water content and level by accomplishing the test procedure in paragraph 541-10.8.3. Tanks 541-10.8.3. Tanks indicating a water level of 3 inches or more shall be stripped until: (a) a water indicating paste test (paragraph 541-10.7.3.2) 541-10.7.3.2) indicates the water level is at or below 1 inch, (b) a thief sample is obtained and a BS&W test is performed, not to exceed 0.1% (max) or (c) a clear and bright sample is obtained via the discharge of the transfer/ stripping pump for systems configured as such. Note 12: Accomplish only on ships equipped with centrifugal purifiers. Sample and test storage tank thief sample or stripping discharge for the specific gravity weekly (at sea), and after receiving new fuel. Results are to verify the correct F-76 centrifugal purifier gravity ring (or dam) size as found in the purifier technical manual for specific gravity versus gravity ring (or dam) size. Note 13: For LHD 1 and LSD 41/49 Class ships: Upon leaving port (following stand down or repairs), each LCAC refueling Station hose and nozzle must be flushed to obtain a clear and bright sample. Sample must be drawn during a flow condition. Prior to the first LCAC refueling evolution of the day, flush and sample station to be used by laboratory analysis for water and sediment. Note 14: Ships equipped with an in-line fuel quality sensor on ship fill piping (ship fuel replenishment) may only use results for informational purposes. Note 15: When service tanks are not in use for 7 or more days, perform a weekly WIP test in accordance with paragraph 541-10.7.3.2.. Tanks indicating a water level of greater than 1 inch shall be stripped in accordance with paragraph 541-10.7.3.2 541-10.8.5 until: 541-10.8.5 until: (a) a WIP test indicates the water level is at or below 1 inch, (b) a thief sample is obtained and a BS&W is performed, not to exceed 0.1% (max) or (c) a clear and bright sample is obtained during the stripping operation. As an acceptable alternative if the system configuration permits, tanks may be recirculated through the purifier/filter separator until fuel quality requirements are met. Note 16: If fuel has been transferred into tank since testing requirement was accomplished, results are no longer valid, and tank must be retested.

Table 541-10-4.










































S9086-SN-STM-010

Table 541-10-4.


REQUIREMENTS FOR F-76 FUEL ABOARD LITTORAL COMBAT SHIPS1 - Continued Fuel Source

Frequency

Sample Location

System

Test(s)

Prior to underway and weekly

Stripping discharge

GT X

5

Stripping discharge

X

X

Within eight hours before use 12, 14 Weekly

Thief/ bottom

X

X

X

X

Fuel Purifier

See note 7

X

X

Filter Separator (service) Filter Separator (transfer)

See note 8

Line/purifier discharge Line/filter separator discharge Line/filter separator discharge

Ship Storage

3

Weekly Ship Service Tanks 6

X X

D X

Limits

Water indi- See note 4 cating paste API grav- Record ity Visual Clear & bright Water indi- See note 13 cating paste Visual Clear & bright FWD C FD Visual

40 ppm (max) 2.64 mg/L (max) Clear & bright

Discharge sampled X and tested 5 minutes X FWD 40 ppm (max) after initiation of X C FD 2.64 mg/L (max) transfer Fuel Conditioning Discharge sampled Unit discharge X FWD 40 ppm (max) Unit (Filter Separa- and tested 5 minutes tor; service) 9 after start and every X C FD 2.64 mg/L (max) 8 hours thereafter. Filter Separator See note 10 Filter separator sump X X Visual Clear & bright Note 1: JP-5 (F-44) that has been downgraded to F-76 for use in ship engine propulsion systems shall meet the sampling and testing requirements for F-76. Note 2: Ships equipped with an in-line fuel quality sensor on ship fill piping (ship fuel replenishment) may only use results for informational purposes. Note 3: For LCS 1, storage tanks which are not accessible for sampling shall be stripped prior to underway and weekly while underway discharging no less than 200 gallons per evolution.











































S9086-SN-STM-010

Table 541-10-4.


REQUIREMENTS FOR F-76 FUEL ABOARD LITTORAL COMBAT SHIPS1 - Continued Fuel Source

Frequency

Sample Location

System

Test(s)

Limits

GT D Note 10: Where equipped with a sampling connection, the filter separator sump shall be sampled and tested 5 minutes after initial operation and every 4 hours thereafter. Analyze sample for fibrous materials or gross particulate contamination which may indicate a failed filter element. Note 11: BS&W testing is not required if fuel passes the clear and bright test. Note 12: Auxiliary service tanks aligned to supply ship service generators on Auto Startup shall be sampled after filling or daily when not in service. Note 13: When service tanks are not in use for 7 or more days, perform a weekly WIP test in accordance with paragraph 541-10.7.3.2.. Tanks indicating a water level greater than 1 inch shall be stripped in accordance with paragraph 541-10.7.3.2 541-10.8.5 until: 541-10.8.5 until: (a) a WIP test indicates the water level is at or below 1 inch, (b) a thief sample is obtained and a BS&W is performed, not to exceed 0.1% (max) or (c) a clear and bright sample is obtained during the stripping operation. As an acceptable alternative if the system configuration permits, tanks may be recirculated through the purifier/filter separator until fuel quality requirements are met. Note 14: If fuel has been transferred into tank since testing requirement was accomplished, results are no longer valid and tank must be retested.

541-10.5 54110.5

FUEL FUE L QUA QUALIT LITY Y.











































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-10.5.1.4 541-10.5. 1.4 Order of Preference Preference for Determinin Determining g Fuel Source. NavyNavy-owned owned stocks stocks are the most economical economical sources of fuel, but when Navy sources are unavailable and more than one other source is, the following source precedence shall be adhered to:

1. Mili Military tary Sealift Command Command (MSC) Oilers 2. Defen Defense se Fuel Support Points Points (DFSP) 3. Othe Otherr Navy Ships Ships 4. DLA Energy Energy Chart Charter er Tankers Tankers that are equi equipped pped with at-se at-seaa refue refueling ling equipment equipment 5. Foreign government (per international international fuel exchange agreements) 6. Comm Commercia erciall bunk bunker er contr contracts acts administere administered d by DLA Energy Energy usin using g SEA Card 7. Local purchase purchase using using a manu manual al DD Form 1155 1155

When sources 1-6 listed are not available or do not meet operational require-











































S9086-SN-STM-010

Fuel containing more than 0.5% FAME is not an authorized fuel for US Navy vessels due to potential problems associated with biodiesel in marine applications. While biodiesel blends have been used successfully in ground equipment, several properties of biodiesel have the potential to cause major problems if used in a shipboard environment. These include the following: - Biodiesel blends have a solvency affect, which will result in rapid washing of existing fuel system deposits, excessive reduction in filter separator life, and major increases in particulate levels. - Biodiesel blends have a greater tendency than petroleum fuels to form stable water suspensions resulting in a reduced ability of onboard ship filtration equipment to remove water from a biodiesel blend fuel. - With increased ability of the biodiesel to retain water, the potential for microbial growth and corrosion problems is increased. - The poor storage stability properties of biodiesel require rapid product consumption to avoid system contamination by fuel degradation. If any of these issues occur, contact [email protected] for assistance. If a ship suspects they have been issued a biodiesel blended fuel and has already on-loaded the product, the ship shall take the following precautions to minimize any negative impact to propulsion hardware:











































S9086-SN-STM-010

- Notify fuel ISEA at [email protected] if degraded fuel is suspected. 541-10.5.2.3 541-10.5. 2.3 Micr Microbia obiall Growth. Growth. Micro Microbial bial growt growth h can occur occur in distil distillate late fuels fuels and consi consists sts of bacter bacteria ia (aero(aerobic and anaerobic), yeasts, and molds. Untreated microbial growth can cause corrosion and damage to fuel system components. Excessive filter blocking can occur. In extreme cases, engine performance can be impacted. 541-10.5.2.3.1 541-10.5. 2.3.1 Ident Identificat ification. ion. Micr Microbia obiall growth growth is indicated indicated by by a slimy, slimy, gelatinou gelatinouss substance substance at the the fuel/wate fuel/waterr interface. When pulling a bottom level sample from a tank, suspended particulate may be described as “fluffy” or “fuzzy”. Filter elements may have a pattern of darkened areas resembling the spotted fur pattern of a leopard. The filter elements may also have a foul, sulfurous odor. Increased clogging of fuel purification equipment or pressure differential across filter elements rising quicker than typical may indicate microbial growth. 541-10.5.2.3.2 541-10.5. 2.3.2 Preve Preventio ntion. n. Preve Preventio ntion n is the best best solutio solution n to microbia microbiall growth growth contami contaminati nation. on. Microbes Microbes live live in water and consume fuel for energy. Without water, microbes cannot grow. Microbes grow faster in stagnant conditions. Ships shall adhere to their liquid loading charts to maintain stability, however, when possible, consume oldest fuel first to minimize growth opportunities. Adhering to testing for water and stripping requirements in Tables Tables 541-10-3 and Table Table 541-10-4 will will min minimiz imizee the risk of micro microbial bial growth cont contamin aminatio ation. n. Ident Identify ify sources of water in non-compensated tanks and correct or minimize its exposure to the fuel. 541-10.5.2.3.3 541-10.5. 2.3.3 Testi esting. ng. The bug bug alert test test kit is used to determin determinee the level level of microbi microbial al growth growth present present.. The test kit (NSN 6630-01-622-2805) contains enough supplies for 10 tests. If microbial growth is suspected, procure the bug alert test kit and email [email protected] for test instructions. Microbial growth levels vary from tank to tank. Therefore, when pulling samples for microbial growth testing, rinse thief sampler with











































S9086-SN-STM-010

a vessel. Biocides can corrode the fuel system and damage engine components if the incorrect dosage is applied. Once a ship has been treated with biocide, the ship will be required to follow the following restrictions until they have loaded fresh fuel 1.6 times the volume of treated fuel into treated tanks. a. The ship shall not off-loa off-load d fuel and receiv receivee credit for “on-spec” fuel. fuel. The ship shall shall report the biocide as an additive, which makes it unsuitable for “on-spec” credit. b. The ship shall not dump water from the oily water separator separator (OWS) overboard overboard while in port port.. Ship shall notify notify shore support that biocide was used on-board if water from the OWS is pumped on-shore for disposal. 541-10.6 54110.6

RECEIP REC EIPT T OF FUE FUEL L (F-76 (F-76). ).

541-10.6.1 541-10.6. 1 RECEI RECEIPT PT FROM NAVY NAVY-OWN -OWNED ED STOCKS. STOCKS. Fuel Fuelss received from naval ships, storage storage tanks, and barges shall be accepted and signed for, noting the quantity and quality specified on the receiving document. This also includes JP-5 (F-44) downgraded to F-76 for use in ship propulsion. 541-10.6.1.1 541-10.6. 1.1 Quan Quantiti tities es received shall be dete determin rmined ed on the basis of shore tank gauges or, when refue refueling ling at sea, by means of measurements taken on the issuing ship. Fuel in tanks is measured by either a tank gauge or a graduated sounding rod. In addition to measurements by tank gauge or graduated sounding rod, top sounding tapes may also be used if appropriate tank tables are available. 541-10.6.1.2 541-10.6. 1.2 The receiving receiving ship is not requ required ired to test the qual quality ity of fuel received received befor beforee recei receipt pt from Navy Navy-owned stocks. All fuel received will be accepted as conforming to Navy specifications. During receipt, however,













































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-10.6.4 541-10.6. 4 RECEI RECEIPT PT FROM A COMM COMMERCIA ERCIAL L SUPPL SUPPLIER IER UNDE UNDER R A GOVE GOVERNME RNMENT NT BUNK BUNKER ER CONTRACT.. Comm TRACT Commercial ercial Contracts Contracts for Bunker Fuel can be found at http https:// s://www www.SEAC .SEACARDSY ARDSYS.com S.com or http:// www.energy.dla.mil. After reaching the main page select: Customers/Partners → Contract Award Information → Ships’ Bunkers. This will log you into the DLA Energy Contract Information System (CIS) where you can view and download a spreadsheet of the available bunker contract locations. 541-10.6.4.1 541-10.6. 4.1 Ships intending intending to use government government bunker contracts are cauti cautioned oned to make arrangement arrangementss well in advance to ensure that fuel is available when needed. Such arrangements must be made through the SEA Card web site. When fuel is not obtainable via these contracts, alternate sources are SEA Card open market or local purchase authorized by DLA Energy. 541-10.6.5 RECEIPT FROM A COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL SUPPLIER NOT UNDER GOVERNMENT CONTRACT SEA CARD OPEN OPEN MARKET MARKET (LOCAL (LOCAL PURCHASE PURCHASE). ). If no DLA Ener Energy gy contracts contracts are are in place or register registered ed SEA Card open market vendor is available, the ship has authorization to purchase a one-time delivery using DLA













































S9086-SN-STM-010

the tank. Water and particulate for example, tend to be found in higher concentrations towards the tank bottom. The type of testing required dictates the sample location requirement.. Fuel sampling can be categorized by where the sample is obtained, as follows: a. All-Levels Sample. Obtained by submerging a closed thief sampler to a point as near as possible to the drawoff level, then opening the sampler and raising it at such a rate that it is nearly full as it emerges from the fuel. b. Bottom Sample. Taken on the bottom surface of the tank at its lowest point. The bottom sample is usually obtained to check for water, sludge, scale, and other contaminants. c. Line Sample. Obtained from a designated location within the fuel system while the fuel is flowing. Flush the sample line until at least the volume of the line has been drawn into a waste container before drawing the line sample. d. Sounding Sample. Obtained by using a sounding tape and water-indicating paste to determine the water level within the tank.













































S9086-SN-STM-010

Table 541-10-5. Item Rag, Wiping, Heavy Weight Cotton Fuel Thief (6 in x 1-1/8 in) Fuel Thief (10 in x 1-1/8 in) Fuel Thief (12 in x 3/4 in) Brass Plumb Bob Water-Indicating Paste Bottle, Glass Bottle Caps (set of 100) Bottle, Glass Equipment Instructions

SAMPLING EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT - Continued Continued Description

NSN

-60 mL 120 mL 132 mL 20 ounce 1-ounce tube 32 ounce 32 ounce 8 ounce 1 set

7920-00-205-1711 6695-01-356-8182 6695-01-356-8181 6695-01-356-6965 5210-00-238-1734 6850-00-001-4194 8125-00-378-9994 8125-01-422-4509 8125-00-543-7699













































S9086-SN-STM-010













































S9086-SN-STM-010

3. Inver Invertt the fuel thief with the plunger facing upward. upward. Insert the plun plunger ger into the dril drilll press chuck and tigh tighten. ten. 4. While While holding the fuel thief body tightly tightly, turn the drill press on and appl apply y 3 to 5 poun pounds ds of down downward ward force on the thief body for 10 seconds. 5. Remo Remove ve the fuel thie thief, f, clean it, and check it for leak leakage. age. If leakage persists, persists, repeat steps repeat steps 1 through 4 4.. 6. Repeat Repeat this procedure procedure 5 time timess if necessary necessary. If the probl problem em persists, persists, procure a new fuel thief from the supply system. 541-10.7.3.2 541-10.7. 3.2 Water ater-Indi -Indicatin cating g Paste. Water ater-ind -indicati icating ng paste contains a chem chemical ical dye that chang changes es color when in contact with water. It may be used on sounding tapes in JP-5 or F-76 fuel tanks to show the presence and depth of water in the tanks. The paste can be readily wiped off the tape and has no adverse effect on the quality of the fuel. To determine if any water is present, use water-indicating paste (NSN 6850-00-001-4194).















































S9086-SN-STM-010

More frequent fuel tank testing is often required during wartime operations (that is, after the ship has been subjected to shock, near miss, depth charge explosions,















































S9086-SN-STM-010

541-10.8.4.1 541-10.8. 4.1 Steam Boilers Boilers and Diesel Diesel Engines. Engines. Take a sample from the the tank bottom. bottom. Run a BS&W test; if the test results are 0.1 percent or less, the fuel is acceptable for use. If the BS&W test exceeds 0.1 percent, purify or strip the fuel tank and subsequently test it until BS&W levels fall below 0.1 percent.















































S9086-SN-STM-010

a. Ship name, name, hull, and page number. number. b. Sourc Sourcee of sample. sample. c. Date in form format at day/month/y day/month/year ear.. d. Ti Time me in 24 hour clock basis. basis.















































S9086-SN-STM-010

ticles. Look through the sample when examining the fuel for sediment. Visible particles, if present, will be observed in the moving fuel or the resultant vortex. The sample is clear if there is an absence of visible particles. 3. To test for the brigh brightt criterion, criterion, hold the sample in front of a good light source. source. The presence of susp suspended ended















































S9086-SN-STM-010

Set timer for an additional one minute to allow centrifuge sufficient time to attain required speed.







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































S9086-SN-STM-010 Ch 541 Ship Fuel and Fuel Systems Rev 9

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