Rubber Industry

FORMULARY FOR THE RUBBER INDUSTRY LANXESS India Private Limited Business unit - Rubber Chemicals Rubber Technical Center 1st Floor,Plot No.A/221,16th Road V, MIDC, Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane(W)-400604,Maharashtra, India Tel: +91 22 2582 6500 Tel: +91 22 2582 6501 / 2 Fax: +91 22 2582 6506 E-Mail: [email protected] Mobile:+91 9821611239

Our technical advice-whether verbal, in writing or by way of trials – is given in good faith but without warranty, and this also applies where proprietary rights of third parties are involved. It does not release you you from the obligation to test the products supplied by us as to their suitability for the intended processes and uses. The application, use and processing of the products are beyond our control and are therefore, entirely your own own responsibility. responsibility. In spite of this, should liability be established for any damage, It will be limited to the value of the goods delivered by us and used by you. you. We will, of course, provide products of consistent quality within the scope of our General Conditions of Sale and Delivery. Preface Lanxess India Private Limited offers a very comprehensive range of Rubber chemicals – accelerators, antioxidants & specialties for the rubber industry.

An outstanding service offered by LANXESS India is its technical service – both to the large scale organised sector, as well as to the small scale sector, for whom the service is most vital. LANXESS India has a fully equipped Technical Technical Center (T.S. (T.S. Lab as it is popularly known in the rubber industry), with modern rubber processing machinery and laboratory laboratory facilities available available for customer service. service. Technical centre is backed by qualified and experienced technicians who are regularly trained at LANXESS Deutschland Leverkusen, Germany, possibly the best equipped rubber laboratory in the world. LANXESS had also shifted their Latex Application Laboratory from Dormagen (Germany) to Thane (India) Technical Center being closed to major latex customer base in South Asia. Lanxess Technicians with their RUC specialties are helping the Rubber Industry to improve the performance/the quality of Rubber products besides the productivity. Further they are helping to develop compound formulations & trouble shooting. -1-

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.

























In continuation of our commitment to the rubber industry, we have pleasure in introducing the Formulary, which we hope will be of assistance to technologists, particularly in the small and medium scale sectors of the rubber industry. These formulations have been developed earlier with the close co-ordination of Technical Center, LANXESS Deutschland, Leverkusen, Germany, to suit the needs of tropical countries. The formulations should be used as a guideline to develop formulations to suit individual requirements. We hope you will find this Formulary useful and look forward to receiving your comments and suggestions to enable us incorporate further improvements in the next edition.

THIAZOLE CLASS ACCELERATORS ACCELERATORS Vulkacit Merkapto/C (MBT) Vulkacit DM/C (MBTS) Vulkacit ZM, ZM-2 (ZMBT) The Thiazole class accelerators are semi-ultra accelerators and constitute the most widely used and versatile class. They are used used for most types of rubber goods, including cycle tyres and tubes, footwear, belting, hoses, and molded items. All these t hese accelerators have to be activated with zinc oxide and fatty acids. Vulkacit Merkapto/C and Vulkacit ZM have the earliest onset of cure in this group; Vulkacit DM/C has a delayed onset onset of cure. The rate of cure can be increased increased by adding a small amount of secondary accelerator belonging to the basic, thiuram, or dithiocarbamate group. The Thiazole accelerators give vulcanizates with a broad curing plateau and excellent ageing resistance. Vulkacit ZM/ZM-2 is mainly used in Latex Thread; also it has a sensitizing effect on natural rubber latex, and hence finds use in the manufacture of latex foam. The Thiazole class accelerators are used for natural rubber, SBR, BR, NBR, IIR and EPDM.



























SULPHENAMIDE ACCELERATORS ACCELERATORS Vulkacit CZ/EGC (CBS) Vulkacit MOZ/LG (MBS/NOBS) Vulkacit DZ/EGC (DCBS) Vulkacit NZ/EGC (TBBS) The sulphenamides are reaction products of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with basic amines. They have a very fast cure rate, and a favourable flow time: curing time ratio. Addition of zinc oxide is necessary for activitation, whilst fatty acids are recommended to raise modulus. The scorch time increases in the order Vulkacit CZ/EGC, Vulkacit NZ/EGC, Vulkacit MOZ/LG, and Vulkacit DZ/EGC. In SBR mixes, Vulkacit DZ/EGC has only moderately good scorch resistance, due to presence of dithiocarbamates in the rubber. The sulphenamides sulphenamides have limited storage stability. stability. Amongst them, Vulkacit DZ/EGC has best stability, and is therefore preferred for use in camelback and repair materials which require good storage stability in the unvulcanized state. In modern radial Tires it is used mainly in steel cord bonding compound. The sulphenamide accelerators give vulcanizates with good physical properties, and are used in tyres, conveyor belting, and technical and mechanical goods which are subjected to heavy heavy dynamic stresses. stresses. Sulphenamides are used for NR, IR, SBR, BR, NBR and EPDM. Except Vulkacit MOZ/LG, all other sulphenamides sulphenamides are Nitrosoamine free. THIURAM AND DITHIOCARBAMATE ACCELERATORS. Vulkacit Thiuram/C (TMTD) Vulkacit I (DMDTD) Vulkacit LDA (ZDEC) Vulkacit LDB (ZDBC) Vulkacit P extra N (ZEPC) Vulkacit ZBEC (ZBEC) These ultra – accelerators, give give very fast cures even at low temperatures. temperatures. The thiurams have relatively relatively better processing safety than the dithocarbamates. These accelerators are usually used as secondary accelerators, or boosters, in combination with mercapto or sulphenamide sulphenamide accelerators. accelerators. They also find application in light coloured transparent vulcanizates, which are free from taste, and hence used in articles which come in contact with food stuffs. Vulkacit LDA has proved highly suitable for self-curing mixes, adhesives and latex compounds. Vulkacit Thiuram/C can can be used in higher proportions proportions with very very little sulphur, or no sulphur at all, to produce vulcanizates which have very good heat



























The thiurams as well as dithiocarbamate accelerators require zinc oxide activation, and fatty acids also have a favourable effect on the physical properties. The thiurams and dithocarbamates are used in many applications, such as bicycle tyres and tubes, footwear, hoses, cables, latex goods, proofed fabrics, etc. They can be used for NR, IR, SBR, BR NBR, IIR, EPDM. Vulkacit ZBEC is Nitosoamine free accelerator. STAINING ANTIDEGRADENTS (Paraphenylene Diamine derivatives) Vulkanox 4010NA/LG (IPPD) Vulkanox 4020/LG (6 PPD) Vulkanox 4030 (77PD) Vulkanox 3100 (DTPD) This group comprises comprises products which have the best protective protective effects. Chemically, the products are derivatives of P-phenylene diamine and offer very good protection against oxidation, ozone, and flex – fatigue and metal poisons. In goods exposed to ozone, these antidegradents raise the critical elongation and reduce crack growth substantially. substantially. In conjuction with ozone protective waxes waxes e.g. Antilux (Micro crystalline wax), the products find application in tyre treads, sidewalls, conveyor belts, hose covers, seals, and other rubber products subjected to dynamic stresses. The products in this group have powerful staining effects and, hence, cannot be used in white or light-coloured vulcanizates. STAINING ANTIDEGRADENTS (Quinoline Type) Vulkanox HS/LG (TMQ) Products in this group are condensation products of a ketone and a primary amine, and are characterized by very good protective effects against oxidation and heat, and moderate protection protection against flex-fatigue and metal poisons. poisons. Compared to other other antioxidants in the same cost range, Vulkanox HS gives best protection against oxidation and heat simultaneously. Vulcanizates containing Vulkanox HS undergo a light-brownish discolouration on long exposure to light. light. Compared to other antioxidants antioxidants of the aminic type, Vulkanox HS has very low volatility, and gives only a slight migratory staining effect. eff ect. Vulkanox HS can be used for most of the commonly used rubbers, e.g. NR, IR, BR, SBR, NBR, and EPDM. Vulkanox HS are not recommended for use in polychloroprene rubbers, rubbers, e.g. Baypren. Applications include a wide range range of rubber products from tyres and tubes, belting, hoses, cables, mechanical goods, and even latex goods.



























NON – STAINING ANTIOXIDANTS Vulkanox SP (SPH) In this class, we have one product based on styrenated phenols which is specially recommended for light-coloured, white and transparent t ransparent vulcanizates. Vulkanox SP offers good protection against oxidation, heat, crazing and the harmful effects of overcure. As fatigue inhibitors, however, however, non-staining antioxidants are inferior to the staining staining antioxidants. antioxidants. Non-staining antioxidants antioxidants of this type do not not offer any protection against ozone. Vulcanizates containing Vulkanox SP undergo no discolouration when exposed to light for a long time. According to our our experience, other materials such as surface coatings, fabrics, rubbers and plastics are not stained as result of contact with vulcanizates containing Vulkanox SP. Physiologically, Vulkanox SP is harmless and has no influence on the odour and taste of the vulcaniozates, and hence can be used for rubber goods coming in contact with foodstuffs. Applications include white sidewalls of tyres, footwear, flooring, hot water bottles, latex foam and dipped goods, etc. Vulkanox SP can can be used in compounds compounds based on NR, IR, SBR, BR, NBR, & CR. RETARDERS Vulkalent E/C & G To ensure satisfactory storage stability, processing safety and mould flow of compounds, it is frequently desirable to retard the onset of cure without simultaneously extending the curing time. Both Vulkalent E/C and Vulkalent G are highly effective retarders for most rubbers that are vulcanized with sulphur. Vulkalent G is particularly effective with sulphenamide accelerators, and does not have undesirable side-effects, such as altering the vulcanization behaviour and vulcanizate properties, making the goods porous, or staining staining them heavily. Vulkalent G is also effective when when used with with Mercapto, Thiuram, or basic accelerators. Vulkalent G gives results when sulpur is used at normal dosages of 1.5 – 3.0 phr. The retarding effect of Vulkalent G is very powerful in NR, BR, IR, SBR and NBR, but less powerful in IIR, and EPDM. Vulkalent G also enables scorched compounds to be replasticized. Vulkalent E/C is more effective with thiuram & dithiocarbamate cure system.



























PEPTIZING AGENT Renacit 11 For the chemical breakdown of rubber, Renacit 11 is a highly effective peptizing agent for natural rubber and synthetic rubbers. rubbers. Renacit 11 is suitable for both both mill 0 mixing and internal mixer mastication, over a temperature range of 60 C to 1700C. Mastication times are reduced, and productivity thus increased; based, savings in energy and manpower are effected. It has no effect on the scorch time and cure rate of compound up to additions of 0.5% on the weight weight of the rubber. Higher dosages dosages accelerate the the cure of mixes containing mercapto accelerator. Recommended dosages of of Renacit 11 have no influence on the ageing behaviour of vulcanizates containing normal quantities of antioxidants. The peptizing action of Renacit 11 continues during the compound mixing process, and ceases only upon the addition of sulphur. sulphur. Processing in the internal mixer at 0 temperatures above 100 C, thus makes premastication unnecessary. The normal additions of Renacit 11 do not bloom, or cause discolouration, and have no influence on the odour and taste.





























PRODUCT LIST – LANXESS Deutschland GmbH, GERMANY. LANXESS Deutschland, the world’s leading supplier to the rubber industry, have the following chemicals and polymers in their vast range of products for the rubber industry. The important product groups supplied by LANXESS LANXESS Deutschland, Deutschland, & Rhein Chemie Rheinau, Rheinau, GmbH, are listed below: below: Some of these have have been used in the formulation, and wherever included. Trade Name

Composition (International Abbreviation in bracket)

Rubber Chemicals Vulcuren Vulkacit Vulkanox Vulkazon Vulkalent Renacit Vulkanol Zinkoxyd Aktiv Vulkasil Cohedur Vulkadur Desmodur Disflamoll Mesamoll Porofor Apyral B Antistatic Plasticizer KA

Antireversion agent Accelerators Antioxidants Non-staining antiozonants. Retarders Peptising Agents Synthetic plasticizers. Zinc oxide active Precipitated silica fillers. Bonding Agents (Dry bonding) Reinforcing Resins, Bonding agent. Bonding Agents (Polyiscyanates) Synthetic plasticizer (Phosphate type) Synthetic plasticzer Blowing agents Aluminium hydroxide filler Synthetic Plasticizer.

Polymers Baypren Buna CB, Taktene Buna EP Levapren Perbunan , Krynac Lanxess Butyl Lanxess Bromobutyl

Chloroprene Rubber (CR) Butadiene Rubber (BR) Ethylene-propylene Rubber (EPM/EPDM) Ethylene – Vinyl Acetate Rubber (EVM) Acronitrile-butadiene Rubber (NBR) Butyl Rubber (IIR) Bromo Butyl Rubber (BIIR)



























Products supplied by M/s. Rhein-Chemie Rheinau, GmbH, Germany. Antilux Aktiplast Aflux Rhenogran Rhenosorb Rhenocure Rhenomag Rhenofit Rhenosin Rhenodiv Rhenosol

Protective waxes. Processing aids, reclaiming agent. Processing aid for synthetic rubbers. Polymer-bound granules of various chemicals. Dessicants Accelerators and cross-linking agents. Magnesium oxides Activators Softening resins and homogenizers Release agents Pre-dispersed chemicals.

ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. In this formulary, the following abbreviations have been used: 1.

Cure

:

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

DIN Abrasion EB IRHD M 300 TS Sh. A, Sh.D C. Set

: : : : : : :

9. V 10. ML 11. MS

: : :

Press-cure,2mm thick slab for stress-strain properties, and appropriate thickness for other tests e.g. abrasion, compression set, etc. Abrasion loss by standard DIN 53516 method. Elongation at break in percentage. International Rubber Hardness Degrees. Modulus at 300% elongation, in mega pascals. (Mpa) Tensile strength, in mega pascals. (Mpa) Shore Hardness A and D respectively. Compression set in percentage, 25% deflection, 700C, 22 hours. Change in volume percentage. Mooney Viscosity Mooney Scorch

REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF LANXESS, GERMANY.



























FORMULARY INDEX

Contents PREFACE PRODUCT LIST – LANXESS India Private Limited A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N.

Automobile Tyres and Tubes Cycle Tyres and Tubes Retread Compounds Belting – Conveyor, transmission and V-belts Footwear Rubber Rollers Tank Lining Hoses Coated Fabrics Molded Items Cable Compounds Adhesives Latex Compounds Other rubber goods

Page 1 7 10 18 22 25 31 40 45 46 51 55 69 76 79 82

TABLES Specific gravity of rubbers and compounding ingredients Properties of Common solvents Symbols, etc. of important elements SI Units, conversion factors Pressure-Temp. Equivalents for saturated steam Resistance of various elastomers to swelling

87 90 91 92 93 94



























A.1 TRUCK TREAD (CROSS – PLY) Natural Rubber Buna CB 25 (BR) Renacit 11 (Peptiser) N220 (ISAF) black N 330 (HAF) black Highly Aromatic oil Zinc oxide Stearic Acid Vulkanox 4020/LG (6 PPD) Vulkanox HS (TMQ) Antilux 654 (MC Wax) Vulkacit MOZ/LG (MBS) Sulphur Vulkalent G (PVI) ML 4’ 1000C MS 1200C (+5), mins. Cure at 1500C, mins. TS, MPa M300, MPa EB, % IRHD Abrasion loss (DIN), mm³ Remarks :

1.

2.

Cap

Base

75 25 0.07 65 12 5 1.5 2.5 1 1.5 1.15 0.20 70 28 25 20.8 11.4 490 66 51

100 0.10 50 10 5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1 0.45 2.50 54 31 30 21.8 9.7 530 59 105

Cap compound formulated with BR and N 220 black to give maximum resistance to abrasion, and a Semi-EV system gives less heat build-up. Base compound is comparatively cooler running.



























A.2 TRUCK TREAD (Radial, Unitread construction) Natural Rubber Buna CB 25 (Nd-BR) Renacit 11 N330 (ISAF) black Highly Aromatic oil Zinc oxide Stearic acid Vulkanox 4020/LG Vulkanox HS/LG Antilux 654 Vulkacit MOZ/LG Sulphur ML 4’ 1000C MS 1200C (+5), mins. Cure at 1500C, mins. TS, MPa M300, MPa EB, % IRHD Specific Garvity Abrasion loss (DIN), mm³

80 20 0.08 55 3 5 2.5 2.5 1.5 1 1.2 1.5 60 30.8 20 21.9 13 460 66 1.13 86

A.3 PASSENGER TREADS SBR 1712 Buna CB 29 N220 (ISAF) black Highly aromatic oil Stearic acid Zinc oxide Koresin (2) Vulkanox 4020/LG Vulkanox HS/LG Antilux 654 Vulkacit CZ/EG

Cross – Ply 137.5 69 12 2.75 5 2 2.5 1.5 1.4

Radial 68.50 68.50 95 20 2 5 2 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.5





























A.4 TREADS FOR TWO-WHEELERS, ADV

SBR 1712 Whole Tyre Reclaim N330 (HAF) Black N550 (FEF) Black Highly aromatic oil Stearic acid Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkonox 4020/lG Antilux 654 Coumarone resin Vulkacit CZ/EG Zinc oxide Sulpur ML4’ 1000C MS 1300C, (+5). Mins. Cure at 1500C, mins. TS, MPa, EB, % M 300, MPa, IRHD,

Scooters, etc 137.5 69 8 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 1.4 5 2 44 18.5 20 18.1 605 8.2 60

ADV 110 40 35 35 10 2 1 1 1 2 1 5 2 51 14.5 20 12.9 405 10.8 61

Innerbody

Outerbody

A.5 TRUCK CARCASS



























A.6 PASSENGER CARCASS Natural Rubber Renacit 11 Buna CB 25 N 660 (GPF) black Highly aromatic oil Coumarone resin Zinc oxide Stearic acid Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkanox 4020/LG Vulkacit CZ/EG Sulphur ML 4’ 1000C MS 1200C (+5), mins. Cure at 1500C, mins. TS, MPa M300, MPa EB, % IRHD

Cross –Ply 70 0.07 30 50 10 2 5 1 1 1 1.1 2.2 36 25 20 21.3 8.3 590 57

Remarks : Compound has good tack for building up operations. A.7 STEEL CORD COMPOUND

Natural Rubber Renacit 11

Carcass, belt, for allsteel truck radial 100 0.1



























A.8 TYRE SIDEWALLS

Natural Rubber Renacit – 11 Buna CB 25 Buna CB 29 SBR 1712 N 330 (HAF) black N 660 (GPF) black Highly aromatic oil Coumarone resin Stearic acid Zinc oxide Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkanox 4020/LG Antilux 654 Vulkacit CZ/EG Vulkacit MOZ/LG Vulkacit Thiuram MS Sulphur ML 4’ 1000C MS 1200C (+5) mins. Cure at 1500C, mins TS, Mpa M 300, MPa EB, % IRHD

Truck

Passenger

60 0.06 40 55 6 2 5 1.5 2.5 2 0.8 2 63 19.5 25 24.5 14.1 520 65

40 0.04 27.5 55 75 5 2 2 5 1.0 2.5 1 1.25 0.1 1.8 49 38 15 16.2 10.6 450 58



























A.9 AUTO TUBES (NR) Natural Rubber Renacit – 11 N 550 (FEF) black N 774 (SRF) black Precipitated Calcium carbonate Naphthenic oil Vulkanox HS/LG Zinc oxide Stearic acid Paraffin wax Vulkacit DM/C Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur MS 1200C (+5), minutes Cure at 1600C, minutes TS, MPa M300, MPa EB, % IRHD Remarks :

1. 2.

A 100 0.1 25 3 2 4 1.5 1 1 2.5 0.5 17 8 24.5 10 550 58

B 100 0.1 30 20 5 2 4 1.5 1 1 0.25 1 23 7 21.0 5.8 600 50

Compound A gives very good heat resistance, and hence suitable for truck sizes. Compound B is suitable for passenger, and two-wheeler tubes.

A. 10 AUTO TUBES (BUTYL)



























A. 11 SCOOTER TUBES Natural Rubber Renacit 11 N 550 (FEE) black Zinc oxide Stearic acid Naphthenic process oil Paraffin wax Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkacit DM/C Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur MS 1200C (+5), mins. Cure at 1600C, Min. TS, MPa M 300, MPa, EB, % IRHD Permanent Set % After ageing 2 days/1000C TS. MPa, EB, % IRHD

100 0.15 25 4 2 6 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.2 1.2 31 8 18.3 4.3 620 41 3 19.3 545 46

A. 12 CURING BLADDER Lanxess Butyl 400 Baypren 210

100 10





























A. 13 AUTOMOTIVE FLAPS

Natural Rubber Renacit – 11 Whole Tyre Reclaim Tread crumb (30 mesh) N774 (SRF) black China Clay Whiting Pine tar Zinc oxide Stearic acid Vulkanox HS/LG Parafin wax Vulkacit CZ/EG Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur Cure at 1500C, Mins. TS, MPa,

1

2

55 0.1 90 20 20 25 25 4 4 1 1 1 0.8 0.1 2.5 6 9.2

60 0.1 80 20 20 25 25 4 4 1 1 1 1.0 0.2 2.5 5 9.2



























B.1 CYCLE TYRES

Natural Rubber Renacit – 11 Whole tyre reclaim N 330 (HAF) black N 774 (SRF) black China clay Whiting Zinc oxide Stearic acid Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkanox 4020/LG Aromatic oil Parafin wax Vulkacit F/C Vulkacit CZ/EG Vulkacit Thiuram/C

Tread

Casing

60 0.06 80 20 60 4 1.5 0.6 0.4 10 1 0.8 0.2

100 0.25 10 50 5 0.5 1 5 1 0.3



























B.2 CYCLE RICSHAW TREADS Natural Rubber Renacit – 11 SBR 1712 Buna CB 25 Whole tyre reclaim N 330 (HAF) black China clay Aromatic oil Zinc oxide Stearic acid Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkanox 4020/LG Paraffin Wax Vulkacir CZ/EG Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur Ml’4 1000C MS 1200C, (+5) mins

40 0.04 55 40 25 30 8 5 1.5 1 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.2 2.4 58 23

50 0.05 30 40 30 30 12 5 1.5 1 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.2 2 60 19.4



























B.3 CYCLE TUBES – GOOD QUALITY

Natural Rubber Renacit – 11 N 550 (FEF) black Precipitated whiting Aromatic oil Naphthenic oil Zinc oxide Stearic acid Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkanox SP Paraffin Wax Bayertitan A Vulkacit DM/C Vulkacit CZ/EG Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur Colour

Black 100 0.15 15 60 8 5 1 1 1 0.8 0.2 1.5

Red 100 0.15 80 3 5 1 1 1 5 0.8 0.2 1.75 reqd.



























B.4 CYCLE TUBES TUBES – Economical Quality Quality Natural Rubber Renacit 11 Precipitated calcium carbonate Zinc oxide Stearic acid Vulkanox HS/LG N 550 (FEF) black Mineral oil Paraffin wax Vulkacit F/C Sulphur MS at 1200C (+5), mins. Cure at 1500C, mins TS, MPa M 300, MPa EB, % IRHD P. Set %

100 0.15 100 4 1 1 7 8 0.8 0.65 2 24 12 16 3.4 615 48 10





























C.1 CAMELBACK COMPOUNDS. Natural Rubber Renacit – 11 SBR 1712 Buna CB 25 N 330 (HAF) black Aromatic processing oil Zinc oxide Stearic acid Vulkanox 4020/LG

A 80 0.08 20 50 10 3 3 0.5

B 50 0.05 69 50 5 3 2 1



























C.3 VULCANIZING SOLUTION Natural Rubber Renacit – 11 Zinc oxide Stearic acid Vulkanox HS/LG N 660 (GPF) black Vulkacit DM/C Sulphur insoluble Wood rosin

100 0.50 30 0.50 1 10 1.2 4 6



























C.5 CUSHION FOR COLD RETREADING Natural Rubber Zinc oxide Stearic acid Wood rosin N 744 (SRF) black Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkanox 4020/LG Vulkacit Merkapto/C Vulkacit D/C

100 5 1 3 40 1 0.5 1 0.3



























D.1 CONVEYOR BELT COVER. Natural Rubber Renacit – 11 Buna CB 25 Stearic acid Zinc oxide N330 (HAF) black Aromatic processing oil Vulkanox 4020/LG Vulkanox HS/LG

A 100 0.15 2.5 4 35 3 1 1

B 80 0.12 20 2 4 50 9 1 1



























D.2 CONVEYOR BELT - HEAT RESISTANT COVER. Natural Rubber Renacit –11 Buna CB 25 Zinc oxide Stearic acid N 330 (HAF) black Highly aromatic oil C.I. Resin Paraffin

100 0.15 10 1 40 5 3 1

80 0.12 20 10 1 50 10 3 1





























D.3 STEEL – CORD CORD CONVEYOR BELTING, FLAME FLAME RESISTANT



























D.4 TRANSMISSION BELTING. A

B



























D.6 V-BELT – POLYCHLORPRENE JACKET.



























D.7 CUT – EDGE V-BELTS Core

Cushion

Friction



























E.1

MICROCELLULAR MICROCELLULAR SOLING























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































J. 13 SEALING SEALING RINGS FOR FOR WATER WATER MAINS

Natural Rubber Renacit 11 Stearic acid Zinc oxide N 774 (SRF) black Precipitated whiting Naphthetic process oil Vulkanox HS/LG Paraffin wax Vulkacit DM/C Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur ML’4 1000C MS 1200C, mins Cure at 1500C, mins TS, MPa M 300, MPa EB, % IRHD Compression Set, % (22 hrs/70ºC)

100 0.15 1 5 15 25 3 1 1 0.2 0.5 0.9 48 20 15 22.3 2.7 685 45 22.6

100 0.15 1 5 60 3 1 1 0.2 0.5 0.9 60 14.5 15 24.1 11.4 540 60 20.7

Remarks : Meets requirements requirements for type IA & IB respectively respectively of IS – 5382-1969, as well as BS – 2494 (Part I). J. 14 DRAIN PIPE SEALS. SEALS. SBR 1712 Stearic acid Zinc oxide Vulkanox HS/LG N 330 (HAF) black Aromatic oil C.I. Resin Paraffin wax Preventol B1* Antimykoticum A* Vulkacit MOZ /LG Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur Cure at 151ºC, minutes TS, MPa EB, % IRHD C. Set, %

137.5 1.5 5 1.5 45 4 3 1 3 3 2 0.6 1.4 15 18 700 62 10.6



























J. 15 BRIDGE BEARING PADS Baypren 611 Baypren 110 MgO Stearic acid Vulkanox DDA Vulkanox 4020/LG N219 (ISAF-LS) black Vulkanol 85 Antilux 654 Zinc oxide Vulkacit CRV Cure at 150ºC, mins TS, MPa EB, % IRHD Tear, N/mm C, Set % Ozone resistance (50 pphm/500 hrs)

75 25 4 1 2 1.5 35 10 1 5 0.4 30 21 500 60 22 11 No cracks

1. Blend of Baypren 611 and 110 gives compromise compromise between compression compression set and tear resistance. 2. Black N219 gives good reinforcement, with high elongation and good tear resistance. 3. Rubber-to-metal bonding with with Desmodur RE as bonding agent after after thorough cleaning of metal plates.



























J. 16 GENERAL GENERAL PURPOSE MECHANICALS (BLACK)

Natural Rubber Zinc oxide Stearic acid N 774 (SRF) black Aromatic processing oil Vulkanox HS/LG Paraffin wax Vulkacit DM/C Vulkacit CZ/EG Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur Cure at 150ºC, mins TS, MPa M 300, MPa EB, % IRHD C. Set, % Remarks :

A 100 5 2 5 5 2 0.8 0.8 0.2 2 10 25.8 2.4 710 43 18.8

B 100 5 2 40 5 2 0.8 0.8 0.2 2 10 29.5 9.2 625 60 23.9

C 100 5 2 75 5 2 0.8 0.8 0.2 2 10 22.6 14.7 510 72 25.2

1. Meets requirements for manufacture of general purpose rubber articles as specified in IS : 5192 – 1975. 2. Compounds A, B, C meet requirements for Grade 2,3 2,3 and 5 respectively for Type B compounds.



























J. 17 NBR COMPOUNDS AS AS PER ASTM D 2000

Perbunan 3445 SBR 1502 Zinc oxide Stearic acid Paraffin wax Vulkanox MB2* Vulkanox HS/LG N 330 (HAF) black N 550 (FEF) black China Clay Vulkanol FH* Mesamoll* Vulkcit CZ/EG Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur MS 120ºC (+5), mins Cure at 151ºC, mins TS, MPa EB, % M 300, MPa ShA Remarks :

SHORE A 60 70 30 5 1 1 1.5 1.5 40 20 5 10 2 2.5 0.2 14 20 20 620 8.1 61

HARDNESS 70 70 30 5 1 1 1.5 1.5 50 30 5 10 2 2.5 0.2 13 20 15.4 455 11.2 69

Compounds meet requirements as per 2 BG 625, B 14, E 14 and 2 BG 720, B 14, E 14 and 2 BG 720, B 14, E 14 respectively.



























J. 18 CR COMPOUNDS AS PER ASTM D-2000

Baypren 210 Stearic acid MgO N 774 (SRF) black China clay Antilux 654 Vulkanox DDA Aromatic Oil Zinc oxide Vulkacit CRV MS 120ºC (+5), mins Cure at 151ºC, mins TS, MPa M 300, MPa EB, % ShA Remarks :

60 100 0.5 4 45 2 2 8 5 0.6 14 15 22.1 12.9 510 58

SHORE A HARDNESS 70 100 0.5 4 50 50 2 2 15 5 0.6 12 15 16 12.9 420 69

80 100 0.5 4 75 80 2 2 25 5 1 10 15 12.4 275 79

Compounds meet requirements requirements for 3 BC 625 A 14, B 14, E 14, E 34, G 21, 3 BC 720 A 14 (E 14), E 34, G 21 and 4 BC 815 A 14 (E 34), G 21 respectively.

J. 19 ERASERS Natural Rubber White factice Barytes Whiting Glass powder (No: 100) Bayertitan A* Lithopone RS MgO* Zinc oxide Sulphur Vulkacit TR* Vulkacit 1000* Naphthenic oil Colour Cure at 1500C, mins IRHD Specific Gravity 1.

Pencil 100 300 60 30 60 25 5 4.5 1.4 1.4 30

Ink 100 450 150 200 10 20 25 5 4.5 1.8 1.8 25 As required

8 26 1.30

8 41 1.58

White sulphur sulphur chloride chloride factices improve the erasing erasing action, but but release release hydrochloric hydrochloric





























J. 20 FLOOR TILES.

Natural Rubber Zinc oxide Stearic acid China clay Silliceous earth Whiting Light magnesium carbonate Lithopone N 774 (SRF) black Paraffin wax Vulkanox SP Vulkanox MB2 Vulkanox HS/LG Benzoic acid K Vulkacit DM/C Vulkacit Thiuram/C Vulkacit LDA Sulphur Colour Cure at 1510C, mins TS, MPa EB, % IRHD

Top 100 5 1 250 50 10 10 0.6 1 1 6 2 0.2 6

Base 100 5 1 600 3 1 4 1.8 0.15 6 As required

15 7.2 65 86

Remarks : 1. 2.

See formulation for suitable adhesive for fixing floor tiles. Rubber floorings have advantage of sound absorption, washability, and resistance to pointed heels.



























J. 21 GROOVED GROOVED SOLE PADS FOR RAILWAYS. Natural Rubber SBR 1502 Stearic acid Zinc oxide Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkanox 4020/LG Paraffin wax N 774 (SRF) black Vulkasil S Activated Calcium Carbonate Aromatic processing oil Diethylene glycol Vulkacit Thiuram/C Vulkacit CZ/EG Sulphur Cure at 1500C, mins TS, MPa EB, % M 100, MPa IRHD Remarks :

50 50 1 4 1 1.5 2.5 40 20 40 5 1 2 1 0.5 30 12.4 360 3.6 69

Compound is expected to meet ageing specifications as required by the railways.



























K. 1 NR INSULATION Natural Rubber Zinc oxide Stearic acid Activated calcium carbonate Talc Calcined clay Paraffin wax Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkacit DM/C Vulkacit Thiuram/C Sulphur MS at 1200C (+5), mins Cure at 1400C, mins. TS, MPa M 300, MPa EB, % IRHD Tension Set, % Ageing 120h/800C TS, MPa EB, % IRHD Remarks :

100 20 0.5 50 50 50 2 1 1 1 0.5 16.5 15 12.2 8.2 420 68 16

100 20 0.5 50 50 50 2 1 1 0.5 1 13.5 15 11.3 8.2 405 70 16

12.2 390 73

11.1 380 75

Compounds contain 36% rubber by weight, Both compounds meet requirements for physical properties of insulation for general service as per IS : 6380 – 1971.



























K. 2 NATURAL RUBBER SHEATH SHEATH FOR GENERAL SERVICE CABLE. General Heavy duty purpose Natural Rubber 50 100 Renacit 11 0.05 0.1 SBR 1502 50 Zinc oxide 15 15 Stearic acid 1 0.5 Calcined clay 50 Talc (fine) 50 N 660 (GPF) black 30 Activated cal.carbonate 40 90 C.I. Resin 2 Naphthenic mineral oil 3 Paraffin wax 3 2 Vulkanox HS/LG 1 1 Vulkacit CZ/EG 1 1.5 Vulkacit Thiuram/C 0.2 Vulkacit LDA 0.2 Sulphur 1 1.5 Bayertitan A* and colour as required 0 Cure at 141 C, mins 10 15 TS, MPa 12.0 17.4 EB, % 570 425 IRHD 66 73 Remarks : Meets IS : 6380 – 1971, requirements for physical physical properties. K. 3 BAYPREN SHEATH FOR GENERAL SERVICE CABLES. CABLES. Baypren 211 MgO Stearic acid N550 (FEF) black Hard clay Whiting Sb2O380 Vulkanox DDA Vulkanox 3100

100 4 0.5 30 40 35 3 1.5 0.5



























K. 4 GENERAL PURPOSE, PURPOSE, OIL RESISTING AND AND FLAME RETARDING RETARDING SHEATH. Baypren 210 MgO Stearic acid N550 (FEF) black Soft clay Disflamol DPK Naphthenic mineral oil Vulkanox DDA Paraffin wax Zinc oxide Vulkacit CRV Vulkacit DM/C Cure : CV at 2000C in steam, TS, MPa EB, % Tear, N/mm Air ageing 10d/70ºC TS, % change EB, % change Oil ageing. 24 h/100ºC ASTM No.2 oil. TS, % change EB, % change

Remarks :

100 4 1 40 110 10 10 2 5 5 1 0.5 60 secs. 11.2 410 5.5 -5 -1

3 -10

Meets IS : - 6380 requirements.





























K. 5

HEAVY DUTY HOFR SHEATH FOR HEAT RESISTING CABLES BASED ON NBR/PVC

NBR/PVC 70/30 Stearic acid N 550 (FEF) black Vulkacil S Quartz powder Mesamoll Disflamol DPK Vulkanox HS/LG Vulkanox MB2 Vulkanox 4020/LG Antimony Trioxide Paraffin wax Zinc oxide Sulphur Vulkacit Thiuram/C Vulkacit DM/C CV cure in steam at 200ºC, 80 secs. (2mm thick tubing) TS, MPa EB, % M 300, MPa Tear, N/mm Oil resistance, 24h/100ºC ASTM No. 2 oil TS, % change EB, % change

100 0.8 10 30 40 10 10 1 1 1 4 3 5 0.3 2.5 1

16.3 780 5.5 12 +8 -19



























K. 6 GENERAL PURPOSE EPDM INSULATION FOR HEAT RESISTING CABLES.

Buna AP 341* Buna AP 447* Zinc oxide Polyethylene wax Vulkanox HS/LG Paraffinic mineral oil Calcined clay Vinyl silane Dicumyl peroxide (40%) Rhenofit TAC/S CV cure at 200ºC in steam, 60 secs. TS, MPa EB, % Shore A Airbomb, 42h/127ºC, 5.5 atm. TS, % change EB, % change 1. 2.

50 50 5 10 1 30 150 1 5 3 7.0 360 69 +6 -8

Physical properties meet IS: 6380 – 1971 specs for GPI and GP2 insulations. Silan A 172 of M/s. Union Carbide was used.

K. 7 BAYPREN SHEATH SHEATH FOR HEAT RESISTANT CABLES. Baypren 210

100



























K. 8 SILICONE RUBBER INSULATION. Silopren HV2/2160 U 100 Silopren Cross-linking agent CL50 1.5 Cure : at 120ºC mins. 10 TS, MPa 8.5 EB, % 450 Ageing 10d/200ºC. TS, MPa 5.2 EB, % 340 Meets IS 6380 specs. For Silicone rubber insulation. Suitable for pressureless vulcanization. For vulcanization under pressure, use DCP – 95 at 0.6 to 0.8 phr, in place of CL – 50. Cure at 170ºC. mins. 10

K. 9 STRIPPABLE SEMI-CONDUCTIVE LAYER FOR XLPE CABLES. CABLES. Levapren 450 Perbunan 2815 Rhenogran P 50 Zinc stearate Vulkanox HS/LG N472 (XCF) black N220 (ISAF) black Antilux 654 Rhenofit TAC/S

88 12 3 1 1 40 40 10 2



























K. 10 HALOGEN-FREE, FLAME RESISTANT SHEATHINGS. Levapren 450 Rhenogran P50 Vulkanox DDA Zinc stearate Apyral B Silan A 172 Zinc borate Rhenofit TAC/S Peroxide4 MS 140ºC (+5), mins Cure in steam at 200ºC, sec. TS, MPa EB, % IRHD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

98 3 1 1 160 1 10 3 6 15 60 13.4 140 79

Rhenogran P50 (Rhein-Chemie) is polymer-bound batch of stabilizer. Rhenofit TAC/S (Rhein-Chemie-trially-cynurate). Silan A-172-a vinyl silane coupling agent from Union Carbide. Peroxide used was Perkadox 14/40. Aluminium Thihydrate filler and zinc borate impartflame resistance. The mix is free from plasticizers, and any halogen-containing ingredient.



























L. 1 CONTACT ADHESIVES FOR FOOTWEAR. Baypren 321masticated MgO Zinc oxide Magnesia reactive alkylphenolic resin Toluene Petroleum spirit (65-95ºC) Ethyl acetate 1. 2.

100 5 4 30 about 120 about 120 about 120

Resin to be pre-reacted with 3 phr MgO in toluene, plus traces of water. For use with Desmodur RE* (10 pbw on adhesive) terpene phenolic resin can be used, together with 2 phr Vulkanox KB.*

L. 2 CONTACT ADHESIVE FOR FIXING FLOOR TILES. Baypren 233, masticated Baypren 321, masticated MgO Vulkasil C Zinkoxyd Aktiv Magnesia-reactive alkyl-phenolic resin Petroleum spirit (65-90ºC) Ethyl acetate Toluene 1.

50 50 4 20 4 20 about 136 about 136 about 68

Resin to be pre-reacted with 2 pbw of magnesia in toluene, plus traces of water.





























L. 3 ADHESIVES FOR PVC. Desmocoll 400 Ethyl acetate Acetone

1. 2. 3.

22.5 pbw 62.0 15.5 100.0

Adjust to a suitable suitable viscosity viscosity e.g. 5000 5000 mPas, mPas, with with additional solvents if required. required. Immediately before before use, use, add approx, 5 pbw Desmodur L 75*, when when bonding bonding PVC to PVC. Immediately before before use, add approx. approx. 10 pbw Desmodur Desmodur R* or RF* when bonding PVC to rubber or leather.

For highly plasticized PVC. Desmocoll 530 Methyl ethyl ketone Ethyl acetate

20 64 16 100



























L. 5 HOT MELT ADHESIVE. Levapren 408 Wood rosin Barium sulphate Polypale – Ester 10 1. 2. 3.

44 32 10 14

Mix in kneader at 150ºC until completely homogenised. The compound is extruded in pipe form, cooled and cut into pieces of suitable size. Suitable for textile, paper, pasteboards. (Book-binding use). Polypale Ester 10 is a glycerol ester of polymerized rosin. Supplier : Hercules Powder Corp Inc. USA.



























M. 1 COIR FOAM

NR latex 60% Distilled or softended water Emulvin T (20%) Zinc oxide (50% dispersion) Collodial sulphur 95* ” Vulkacit LDA ” Vulkacit ZM ” Vulkanox HS ”

Wet 167 83 10 6 4 2 2 2

Dry 100 2 3 2 1 1 1

Drying time : 15 minutes in hot air at 105ºC. Curing : 15 to 30 minutes in open steam, at 105-110ºC. Remarks :

For Industrial purposes, such as air-conditioners, oil-filters, etc. Perbunan N latex 3810 is used as binder, to withstand repeated washing in detergents or petrol.

M. 2 LATEX FOAM



























M. 3 LATEX THREAD Wet 167 3.4 2 3 16

NR latex 60% Paraffin emulsion (60%) KOH solution (10%) Vulkanox SP (50% emulsion) Bayertitan A* (50% dispersion) Zinc oxide ” 8 Vulkacit ZM ” 2 Vulkacit LDA ” 1.2 Collodial Sulphur 95* ” 3.6 Cure : 30 minutes in hot air at 120ºC

Remarks: 1. 2.

20% acetic is used as the coagulant bath Dispersion of powders should be very fine.

Dry 100 2 0.2 1.5 8 4 1 0.6 1.8



























M. 5 RFL DIP FOR TYRE CORDS. Rayon 84.5 pbw 130.0 pbw 266.0 pbw 107.0 pbw 20

Pyratex 240 Baystal S-70* RF Resin masterbatch** Soft water Total Solids, %

Nylon 241.0 pbw 266.0 pbw 80.5 pbw 20

The latex should be adjusted with ammonium hydroxide (28%) to achieve a pH value of 10.3 in the total dip composition. Maximum recommended storage life of the dip is 72 hours. ** RF Resin master batch. Soft water Caustic soda Resorcinol Formaldehyde (37%)

238.5 0.3 11 16.2





























N. 1 X-RAY APRONS Natural Rubber Renacit 11 Litharge N774 (SRF) black Stearic acid Vulkanox SP Vulkacit DM/C Sulphur Cure at 150ºC, mins.

100 0.25 500 10 1 2 1 10 10



























N. 3 TEXTILE COTS. Perbunan 2895 Sulphur Stearic acid Zinc oxide Vulkasil A1 Bayertitan A Coumarone resin Dioctyl phthalate Vulkanox HS/LG

100 10 1 5 70 15 4 15 1

100 5 1 5 70 15 4 15 1



























N. 4 SPINNING APRONS.

Perbunan 3445 NBR/PVC 70/30 Vulkasil N China Clay Silane coupling agent Bayertitan A Vulkanox HS/LG Diethylene glycol

Inner layer 100 35 20 1 10 1 5

Outer layer 100 25 15 1 10 1 5



























N. 5 BATTERY CASES Natural Rubber SBR 1502 Whole Tyre Reclaim China clay Quartz powder Anthracite dust Magnesium oxide Mineral rubber Vaseline

10 180 180 6 10 -

75 50 80 80 55 15 16 9



























N. 7 MAGENTIC TAPE FOR REFRIGERATOR REFRIGERATOR DOOR GASKETS. Levapren 450 Stearic acid Barium Ferrite Rhenofit TAC/S Paraffin Rhenogran P50 Dicumyl peroxide (40%) Cure at 150ºC, mins IRHD

100 3 1100 6 6 5 18 95

100 3 1100 2 -





























SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF LANXESS SYNTHETIC RUBBERS AND OTHER POLYMERS.



























SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF LANXESS RUBBER CHEMICALS.



























Specific Gravities of other compounding ingredients.



























PROPERTIES OF COMMON SOLVENTS.



























SYMBOLS, ATOMIC WEIGHTS, & ATOMIC NUMBERS OF IMPORTANT ELEMENTS.



































































































Rubber Industry

Recommend Documents