CADANGAN MEMBINA 10 TINGKAT HOSPITAL DAN KERJA-KERJA INFRASTRUKTUR, LOT 1567, PT 7388, PUNCAK ALAM, KUALA SELANGOR, SELANGOR
ROAD WORK SYSTEM
DECEMBER 2018
Contents
1.0
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 3
2.0
Master Plan Layout ................................................... ........................................................... 3
3.0
Road .............................................. ....................................................................................... 5
3.1
Application Of Guidelines, Specification And Manual ................................................... 5
3.2
Road Design Concept ....................................................................................................... 5
3.2.1
Design Concept Of Road To Ensure All Element Satisfactory: ............................... 5
3.2.2
Material Specification ............................................................................................... 6
3.2.3
Road Layer ................................................................................................................ 7
3.2.4
Design Concept On Road Structure .................................................. ........................ 7
3.2.5
Generic And Specific Justification For Choices ................................................ ....... 7
4.0
Design Consideration ................................................ ........................................................... 8
4.1
Safety And Public Health .............................................. ................................................... 8
4.2
Environmental, Societal & Cultural ................................................ ................................. 9
5.0
Design Of Road Pavement ................................................ ................................................. 10
6.0
References .............................................. ............................................................................ 12
7.0
Appendx ................................................. ............................................................................ 12
1.0
INTRODUCTION
This 10 stories hospital and all infrastructure works will be constructing in Puncak Alam, Kuala Selangor, Selangor. Based on the site plan the drawing and calculation of road and drainage have been proposed. All the drawings and calculations of the road are shown in this report.
2.0
MASTER PLAN LAYOUT
Master plan layout of the project
Route into the hospital
Route out from the hospital
Layout with highlighted road lane
3.0
ROAD
3.1
Application of Guidelines, Specification and Manual
Arahan Teknik Jalan (ART-JKR) Guide Sign Design and Application Manual on Traffic Control Devices – Standard Traffic Sign Manual on Traffic Control Devices – Standard Traffic Application
3.2
3.2.1
Road Design Concept
Design concept of road to ensure all element satisfactory:
Land context - accommodate the need of individual places. Safety – emphasis in patients, children, person with disabilities, old people (safety railing provided). Efficiency – appropriated spaces to sustain capacity of transport
3.2.2
Material Specification Types
Thickness
Surface Course
50 mm
Specification
Asphaltic Concrete Mix Wearing Course (AC10 or AC14)
Binder Course
190 mm
Asphaltic
Concrete
Mix
Aggregate
Base
(AC28) Road Base
200 mm
Crushed Course
Sub Base
200 mm
Granular sub base
50mm surface course
190mmbinder course
200 mm road base
200 mm subbase
Sub rade la er
3.2.3
Road Layer
Layer Surface Course
Information The upper layer of the pavement Provide non-skidding and good riding quality surface Prevent or reduce water from penetrating into underlying layer Withstand adverse environmental condition Resist abrasive forces of traffic Subdivide with surface course Perform same properties as surface course The main pavement structural layer to cater load Function to cater and spread the load from heavy vehicles and protect the underlying weaker layer To aid the base distributing load transmitting to the subgrade To aid as drainage layer As temporary path during construction work To protect the subgrade from damage caused by weather An embankment on natural earth below the subbase of pavement
Function to cater load from upper layer of the pavement
Binder Course
Road Base
Subbase
Subgrade
3.2.4
Design Concept on Road Structure
Road slope used 1 : 40
Multilane way 7.32m (main road)
Multilane way 6.50 (secondary road)
All signboard using retro reflective high intensity sheeting cover
Line of road using thermoplastic
3.2.5
Generic and Specific Justification for Choices
By using standard material for rural design in JKR spec to find the thickness of layer is satisfied of needed in this site based on type of vehicles which basically is car. Furniture of road consider on road user with clearly can see even thought at night.
4.0
4.1
Design Consideration
Safety and Public Health
Road needs to be designed and constructed carefully because it can promotes road traffic safety and reducing the harm on the highway system from traffic collision such as deaths, injuries and property damage. Since the project is constructing a hospital, there are several factors in term of safety need to be considered in designing the road. Traffic calming, safety barriers, pedestrian crossing, ambulance lane are provided to aid the public health. Lane markers in some countries and states are marked with bright reflectors that do not fade like paint. Reflector is a useful item during night and dark situation. Risk can be reduced by providing limited access from properties and local roads, grade separated junctions and median dividers between opposite direction traffic to reduce likelihood of head-on collision. The placement of energy attenuation devices such as guardrails, wide grassy areas, sand barrels are common in term of safety and public health. Some road fixtures such as road signs and fire hydrants are designed to collapse on impact. Light poles are designed to break at the base rather than violently stop a car that hits on them. Highway authorities may also remove large tress from the immediate vicinity of the road. During heavy rains, if the elevation of the road surface is not higher than the surrounding landscape, it may result in flooding.
4.2
Environmental, Societal & Cultural
Road needs to be designed and constructed carefully because they can reduce any negative environmental impacts. Water management system can be used to reduce the effect of pollutants from road. Rainwater and running off of roads tends to pick up gasoline, motor oil, heavy metals, trash and other pollutants and result in water pollution. Road runoff is a major sources that contribute nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are combustion by products of gasoline and other fossil fuels. Sand can run off into roadsides, contaminated groundwater and pollute surface waters, and road salts can be toxic and sensitive to plants and animals. Sand applied to roads can be ground up by traffic into fine particulates and contribute to air pollution. Road are a chief source environmental noise generation. Since this project will be constructed at hospital area, sound must be look seriously into measure. To avoid noise accumulated around hospital area that comes from road, noise barriers are used to reduce noise pollution, in particular where roads are located close to built-up areas. Regulations can restrict the use of engine braking. Motor vehicle emission contribute to air pollution. Concentrations of air pollutants and adverse respiratory health effects are greater near the road than at some distance away from the road. Road dust spread up by vehicles may trigger allergic reactions. In addition, on-road transportation greenhouse gas emissions are the largest single cause of climate chan ges.
5.0
DESIGN OF ROAD PAVEMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN INPUT
Average Daily Traffic : 17566 (FOR 2 LANE IN 2 DIRECTION) : (17566 * 1.2) / 2 `
: 10539.6 (FOR 1 DIRECTION IN 1 LANE )
Percentage of CV (un-laden weight > 1.5 tons): 16% Annual Growth Rate: 4% Type of Terrain: Rolling Terrain CBR Mean: 18.5% Standard Deviation: 4.4% Design Life, n: 20 Years DETERMINING OF DESIGN TRAFFIC (TRAFFIC CATEGORY)
ESALY1 (Base Year) = ADT x 365 x PCV x LEF x L x T = 10539.6 x 365 x 0.16 x 3.7 x 1.0 x 1.1 = 2.505 Million DESIGN TRAFFIC OVER 20 YEARS
ESALDEs = ESALY1 x [(1 + r) n – 1)]/r = ESALY1 x [(1 + 0.04) 20 – 1)]/0.04 = 2.505 x 23.75 = 59.494 Million (Under Traffic Category T5, probability ≥ 85%) DETERMINE SUB-GRADE STRENGTH (SUB-GRADE CATEGORY)
CBR Mean: 18.5% Standard Deviation: 4.4% Normal Deviate: 1.0 Characteristic of CBR Value: 18.5 – 1.0(4.4) : 14.1% (Subgrade Category SG2)
Figure 5.1: Asphalt Mix Concrete Design Layer for Category T5
As a conclusion, design properties of asphalt mix concrete for this project are as follows: Conventional flexible granular base •
•
Bituminous Surface Course (AC 10 or AC14): 50 mm Bituminous Binder Course/Road base (AC28): 190 mm
•
Crushed Aggregate Road Base: 200 mm
•
Granular Sub-Base: 200 mm
6.0
REFERENCES
ATJ 5/85 (revision 2013) (Manual for the Structural Design of Flexible Pave ment)
7.0
APPENDX
Table of Lane Distribution Factor (ATJ 5/85) Number of lanes
Lane distribution
(in ONE direction)
factor, L
One
1.0
Two
0.9
Three or more
0.7
Table of Terrain Factor (ATJ 5/85) Type of Terrain
Terrain factor, T
Flat
1.0
Rolling
1.1
Mountainous/steep
1.3
Table of LEF for Various Vehicle Class (ATJ 5/85)
Table of Traffic Category (ATJ 5/85)
Table of Subgrade Category (ATJ 5/85)
