River of Fire Short Summary

The Novel is written by Quratulain Haider. She was born in 1 927 and died in 2007. She is considered as one of the most influential modern Urdu writer. Her Novel AAG KA DARYA was published in Urdu in 1959. The Novel covers a period of about 25000 years. The novel fcouses on Cultural, Traditional, Historical, Social, and Economical conditions of Hindustan during different time periods. The Novel pauses in a certain time period and traces these elements through different characters. Another most interesting and important thing about the novel is that some of the main characters of the Novel (GAUTAM, CHAMPA, NIRMALA, KAMAL, CYRIL, HARI, SU JATA and some others too) keep reappearing throughout different time periods. The Novel is divided into different phases/epochs/eras/time periods. Each time period has its own particular plot and characters. There is a clue in the later chapters of the novel when it is revealed to the reader that the characters appearing in post partition era (1956) are great-grand-children of those characters who appeared in colonial era (1800s). It can therefore be argued that probably t he characters belong to the same family who appear w ithin different periods discussed in the novel. The early chapters are concerned with the t he traditional roots, cultural values, religious values, and social issues of Hindustan. But lets first, for our convenience name these periods. The Novel is divided into four phases/eras/time periods: 1. 2. 3. 4.

CLASSICAL (4 BC) MEDIEVAL (13TH CENTURY-16TH CENTURY) COLONIAL (18TH-19TH) PRE PARTITION & POST PARITION (20 TH CENTURY)

We will now discuss each phase in the form of a short summary: Classical (chapter 1-10) Gautam Nilambar is the son of a high priest belonging to the Brahmin Caste. Hindu caste system requires that the Brahmins should seek knowledge. The exer cise of seeking knowledge is called Ashram Routine which requires that a student belonging to Brahmin caste should exercise Brahmacharia (severe self discipline). The person who follows Ashram Routine says No to all worldly pleasures and lives purely for the sake of seek ing knowledge and advancing it. He cannot look at at any woman. Cannot marry. He cannot cook his own food i.e. he has to beg from others to eat, he cannot do any job to earn money, he has to travel out of his home and live on the streets and go in search of great men who w ho live in far flung areas to seek knowledge from them and the list of their troublesome tro ublesome journey goes on and on. In short their journey to seek knowledge is very arduous. It is a life o f trials. Many students spend long years in this routine until they have complete knowledge and then they return home. It is believed that the students return home in ‘rain season’. They wore white robes which shows that these are students who are on their path to seek knowledge and everyone who sees them recognizes them and most of the people offer them food as charity. So our boy Gautam is on his belongs to the village of Shravasti and now he is coming back from Saket after taking lectures from a teacher in Cosmology. He happens to glance a look at two beautiful girls who are bathing by the side of a small stream. These beauties are C hampa and Nirmala. Nirmala’s father is a King. Champa’s father is a minister. Gautam remembers that he should not look at women. But O

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.





Boy, he had seen these beauties and their image has stuck in his youthful mind. He meets another guy named Hari Shanker. Hari is also on a journey to seek knowledge. We ar e told that Hari is the brother o f Nirmala. So, Hari is a prince! Hari has c hanged his identity as a wandering Greek traveller. Hari wears a diamond ring which is a momento from Champa whom he is supposed to marry after he comes home. Now, our Gautam reaches Shravasti, but he is not supposed to meet his family till he graduated. Hari is also the prince of Shravasti but he too cannot see his family till he graduated. Both these beauties, Champa and Nirmala are also present in the hometown of Mr Gautam who has fallen in love with Champa. Somehow Gautam meets Champa and Nirmala. Nirmala tells him that her brother is on a religious journey and hasn’t come back. They are all worried about him. Lo and Behold, Champa and Gautam have ‘fallen in love’ with each ot her. Although Champa is engaged to Hari. Now, Gautam used to visit them often. Fast forwa rd. One day Gautam visits the King’s court and tells him that he has seen his son Hari. Badluck for GAUTAM, he is drunk while he says this. Gautam is drunk because he has tasted Love and now like a stupid ass he drinks a lot. Kings is enraged and throws him out of his house. Before being thrown out Nirmala gives Gautam a myna in a cage as a souvenir. Now Gautam has given up Philosophy and has become involved in a life of beauty ie aesthetics. Philosophy gone Aesthetics in. He starts to draw paintings of Champa and shows them to myna. One day Gautam learns that a war has been waged and everyone has escape d, KING too. Gautam stops believing in God and Becomes a worshipper of Champa.  . After a few pages, he becomes a beggar. beg gar. He avoids the company of thinkers. One day Gautam meets a dancer called Ambika and becomes a degenerate. He drinks and revels on the money of this dancer. She hires Gautam as an actor and GAUTAM performs dramas in Greek Theaters. One day while performing a drama Gautam happens to see in the first row of the audience a lady whom he had remembered as Champa. C hampa. Alas! She is not alone. There is a child besides her. C hampa sends Gautam a message through her maid that after the war they were all captured and made prisoners and sent to Greek by their captivators. She says my lady wants to meet you. Gautam refuses to see Champa. Gautam is crestfallen and leaves Ambika’s theatre. He st arts travelling again and gives up all life of pleasures and enjoyment. By the end of this Classical period Gautam is an old man and Champa has lost all her beauty and charms. Champa is now an old lady with creases her cheeks. Gautam finally ends up being a Jogi. Medieval period: This period is pretty stupid and we will just go over the necessary details. This period is about a man called ABUL MA NSUR KAMALUDIN OF NISHAPUR. He is a Muslim who has written a travelogue (search google for travelogue). All the details in this phase of the novel are told in a second hand manner. We are basically reading the tr avelogue of Kamal. The name of his travelogue is ‘The Marvels and the Strange tales of Hindustan’. So, a man is sitting in Hindustan beside what he says is the grave of prophet Noah. Kamal asks him if he is sure this 9 feet long grave is that of Prophet Noah because he is in doubt about it. Prophet Noah did





Kamal meets Champavati (see the central centr al name remains the same but middle or first name changes a little bit). Kamal falls in love with Champa and offers to mar ry her. Champa says ‘if I were married t o you in my previous Janam, I will marry you in this too” – page 78

Kamal goes to sleep. Dream about the rulers who had ruled Hindustan in the past and he is frightened when a war begins while he is dreaming. Scared, he wakes up and says that maybe ‘sheikh Moheyudin Ibn Ul Arabi’ will come to his re scue and guide him to the right path. Kamal basically had once before fallen in love too. The name of the beauty was Ruqqaiya Bano Begum. Kamal was basically sent by King Hussain Shah Nayek on an educational mission. The purpose of King’s sending Kamal on this journey was to go to Ayodha and meet a certain ce rtain man who is a musician. This musician, the King tells Kamal, has a tex t on music. Kamal had to go to Ayodha, take that text and translate it for the King Hussain Shah Nayek. Hussain Shah Nayek was a great lover of Music. When Kamal is in the middle of his journey he meets a Jogi who tells him to ‘go back to town at once’. Kamal is bewildered. When he comes back to his King’s hometown he sees that everything is destroyed. The war has forced the King into exile. King is now at Be hraich after being defeated and is waiting for Kamal. The name of the wife of t he King is Khonza. The year is 1484. The man who defeated Hussain Shah Nayek was BEHLOL LODHI. Hussain Shah Nayek was the King of Jaunpur. (yes lots of detail ). Now, these stupid details are of no use, you will later find out. Still, I shall w rite for thou so that thou may be content. Now Behlol captures another city called Barbak and made his son the king of Barbak. Hussain Shah launches an attack on Barbak but loses. Behlol dies in 1489. His Son Sikander takes over and becomes King of entire territory. te rritory. Hussain Shah launches another attack but loses. This time the attack was launched by one of the Generals of Hussain Shah’s Army called Joga. Kamal is now sick of all these killings and leaves the king’s company. Hussain Shah dies in 1505…yes he never regains control of his lost territory. We are at chapter 15. And if we continue with this pace we shall never ge t anywhere…so it is better to skip these silly details and come to the point. Kamal becomes a SUIFI and Joins the KHANQAH of a Sufi. Kamal joins Chischti’s Sufi order and is ordered by his Peer to go to Kashi and meet Mian Kabir. MEETS Mian Kabeer. Kabeer tells him to go to Chitagong. Kamal becomes a wandering Dervish. In the end he mar ries SUJATA DEVI. They had two sons, JALAL AND JAMAL and a daughter AMINA BIBI who dies at a young age. HIS sons become architects. On the political front Sikandar is defeated by Zhir ud Din Babar and Rana Sanga’s combine armies. armies. Pg 100. Kamal’s son join the army of Zahir Ud Din babar fought in the battle against Sher Shah Suri. The soldiers of Sher Shah Suri come and tell Kamal to come out of his house because King has ordered his arrest. You can read the sad story on page number 102 first paragraph if you have time. Kamal is too o ld to understand anything he slips from his door and falls on the ground. KAMAL DIED! STORY OVER Colonial Period: Cyril Ashley is the main character. He lives in Sydney Sussex. Son of a village parson. An Englishman, yes. Cyril’s friend Peter Jackson tells him to go to India because there he can make good fortune. Cyril goes to INDIA. Makes a good fortune. All people fear him. English people start to gain control of India.The





Cyril falls in love with Maria Teresa. Had physical relation with her and leaves her without marrying her. A man comes to ask Cyril’s C yril’s help his name is Parafulla Kumar son of Radhey Charan Mazumdar. The daughter of Charan is going to be burnt alive (satti) because her husband has died. Cyril goes to the rescue and helps the poor girl. The girl is saved from being burnt alive. The family of Charan is happy. They become servants of Cyril. Sister of P arafulla and daughter of Radhey Charan, Sujata is also a servant. Cyril happens to see SUJATA one day and falls in love with her beauty. Marries her…the marriage is ‘common-law marriage’. We are at chapter 22. According to common-law marriage’s rules the children born through this marriage cannot g et any share from the father’s property. Sujata serves Cyril for 25 years but Cyril has fulfilled his desires and lost interest in Sujata. Sujata is unhappy. Cyril has become high ranking official and is being transferred to Lucknow. His secretary Gautam will go to Lucknow to set up CYRIL’s office in Lucknow. Sujata learns that Cyril has many affairs. One of the ladies in Lucknow is called Champa. Champa JAN. She is a prostitute/dancing girl. Before Gautam leaves for Lucknow Sujata meets Gautam and tells te lls him “Tell Champa Bai: You have hundred of admirers. Saheb could mean nothing to you but a wealthy old

fool. I have no body else in this whole wo rld. I have served him hand and foot for 25 years. He knows it. The fancy Miss Sahebs he dances with in the balls- if he had married one of them t hem she wouldn’t have put up with his temper and his ecc entricities for a day. I di. Now he csts me off like an old shoe. I lvie in his bungalow merely as a housekeeper. Champa has bewitched him. She has got black magic done against me’ (this is the first mention of how Indians themselves divided against each other. The Englishmen took benefit of this rift and ruled over them) you can read this story on page number 1 29. Gautam sees Champa in Lucknow. Champa has lots of admirer s and lots of money. All the Nawabs and Wealthy people come to her Dera and watch her dance. Gautam tells Champa ‘Keep Sujata’s plight in mind when you see Mr Cyril Ashley next time’. Champa says ‘who keeps my plight in mind when they see me’.

Cyril receives a letter from Maria Teresa who says he had a daughter form him and now her daughter has become a Nun. She says I told her about her father and she prays for her father’s salvation. Cyril is worried about his past affair with Maria but one of his servants Joseph Laurence tells Cyril that he know Maria and will make sure that she does not ruin Cyril’s name. Fast forward. Cyril Marries an English lady. They had a son ‘Cyril Edward Derek’. Gautam resigns from Cyril’s office and becomes a teacher. Cyril dies at the age of 65, DATED SEP 14 1825. The novel tells the details about the m utiny of 1857 and how Englishmen took control of all of the India and last King of India Bahadur Shah Zafar was captured and sent into exile. General Clyde defeats the king of Province of Oudh and the mother o f the King goes to England. The name of the King of Oudh is Vajid Ali. Her Mother is Malika Kishwar (Queen Mother of King of Oudh). Kishwar goes to Queen Victoria. When she meets Queen Victor ia and tells that her son’s territory was taken by her subject people in India, she avoids the topic. Kishwar didn’t get justice and she remains in exile from India. Bahadur Shah Zafar and Vajid Ali write sad Ghazal while in Exile and Englishman strengthen their hold





Gautam is financially stable and one day sees Champa Jan begging at a railway station. Gautam is heartbroken to see how everyone’s glory has ended with the rule of English people ove r India. Gautam goes and meets his family and son. Now this is the main themes of the novel. The effect of English rule rule and how English people used the divisions between Indians to take control o f India. Pre-Post Partition Era: Chapter 30 onwards From here till the end of the Novel we will be talking about the story of majorly two families. One family is called Gulfishan family which included KAMAL, TEHMINA AND TALAT (they are all brothers and sisters). Their mother has died and their father is not discussed much in the novel. A boy called Amir is cousin of KAMAL, TEHMINA AND TALAT. Amir is their father’s brother’s son. Wh ich means he is their paternal first cousin. The other family is a Hindu family. The head of the Family is Musnhi Mehtab Chand. He has three great grandchildren. gr andchildren. HARI SHANKAR, NIRMALA, & LAJWAT. There is Gautam, Champa and other minor characters in this last part of the Novel which consists of more than half the length of of the Novel. You are also provided with a rough page on which this relationship of family tree is drawn for reference in case you forget their relationships. Amir RAZA is known as Shezada Gulfam of Badshah Bagh. He is engaged to Tehmina. His father had died. He has Joined Indian Naval Army. He was engaged t o Tehmina in 1944. Hari Shankar, Nirmala and Lajwat live in SINGHAREWALI KOTHI. Lajwati was married in 1943. (from this point onward we will be oscillating between different time periods from 1943 -1956. Sometimes we will be in the past, sometimes we will jump into the present. So keep hold of the plot). Hari and Kamal are childhood childhood friends and they all brothers and sisters are like family friends. They attended Chand Bagh College. Champa too attended the same college in 1941 and they also know her. The family driver of Gulfishan family family (KAMAL, TEHMINA, TALAT) is Gunga din. Amir’s engagement is settled with Tehmina when he was a child. Amir’s mother passed away when he

was a child. Amir started living in Gulfishan family with KAMAL, TEHMINA AND TALAT. From early childhood he remained with them and that’s why his engagement was settled with Tehmina. HE was raised by them and on their expense so he couldn’t refuse to marry Te hmina. Amir’s father is Zaki Raza. Amir is also referred to as Bhaiya Jan. His father is referred to as Uncle Zaki. After the death of Amir’s mother his father Mr Zaki married a Russian woman and Amir was sent to Europe fo r higher studies. Amir’s father died in Switzerland in 1935 . The Russian girl with whom Amir’s daddy had married couldn’t be traced after his father’s death the novel tells us. In 1936 Amir came back to India from Switzerland. He was a Babu and in start didn’t know much about Indian culture. Kamal’s grandfather is Kamman or KAMAL-UD-DIN ALI RAZA BAHADUR (in previous chapters we had

learnt that Kamaludin Ali Raza Bahadur was a boatman who first brought Cyril to India on a boat from another city when he came form England). Hindu Muslims lived like friends. They used to attend each other’s m arriages and funerals and no one





Novel starts to get real confusing here but stay alert for main details. Before 1857 there were no fights between Hindus and Muslims. Kamal and Nirmala are university students and we are told that they performed drama in their university. Gautam is more like a philosopher. Gautam actually refuses to Marry Nirmala. NOW, GAUTAM, Kamal, Amir and Hari are all in love with Champa. Amir is also dating Champa. Oops. Yes. Amir doesn’t want to marry Tehmina because Champa is so Hot maybe. Champa’s roommate Sita knows Amir B ECAUSE her brother is also in navy and we know Amir is also in navy.Now Gauatm starts flirting with Champa and one day goes to see her in her hostel. Gautam doesn’t like Champa’s relationship with Amir.OOPS. When Gautam goes to see Champa or Date champa in her hostel Sita’ is like OOhhoOO. This Champa is killing two birds with one stone. But dear reader she is killing all the Lucknow with one atom bomb.. For your information Novelist tells us that Amir has already broken engagement with Tehmina because he had fallen in love with Champa. On the other hand, Champa is so progressive, educated and speaks like Englishmen so Gautam doesn’t want to marry Nirmala, he too wants to marry Champa. Yeah the so called Indian Culture is being discussed by the novelist to give us an idea that ‘log us dour main chand py ja ny ki tyari kr rhy thy aur yaha py ye kissay kahania start huy huy thy’. Amir is now a high r anking officer in Indian Navy. Actually he is a lieutenant commander which means he has a HIGH RANK! Now go back to past. Amir offers offer s Champa to live with him in Bombay. Champa understands what going to Bombay means. It means Amir wants to marry her. Champa says a flat NO. AMIR is quite angry because Champa actually says this ‘It was a passing phase, a mere me re infatuation’ (you can read it on page number 259 in the middle of the page)

Now Tehmina has done her Law degree . Now Amir wants to marry Tehmina. Tehmina refused because they all think Amir had done ‘s..’ with C hampa. Which is not correct. You can read about t his on page 260. The story is about how come Champa’s Sari is found from Amir’s cabinet. Now Kamal too is flirting with Champa. They all are very angry at Champa. They means Talat, Tehmina, Nirmala etc. One day Talat openly asks Champa ‘did you….or not’. OH! Champa says ‘NO’. yes you can read it on page 262.

Now We are in after partition time. Nirmala is going to get a scholarship to study in England. Gautam is going to America. Amir is now in PAKISTAN. After partition the soldiers in the Army w ere given an option to either chose between Pakistan or India. Amir had chosen to go to Pakistan. So now he is in PAKISTAN NAVY. Hari Shankar Joined Indian Civil Service (indian civil service is equal to C SS in Pakistan CENTRAL SUPERIOR SERVICES IN PAKISTAN). Which means Hari Shankar is a Bureaucrat which means he is Commissioner of a district which means he is a senior officer in India. Champa has become a lecturer and will soon get a scholarship to England. Novelist tells us that the ‘great exodus from India has begun’. Which means she is telling us that people are leaving India after partition for more prosperity. Now we are introduced to CYRIL DEREK EDWIN HOWARD ASHLEY. He is an editor and w







Cyril meets Nirmala and Kamal Raza who are also in England now. He meets them in university where Nirmala was giving a speech. Hari Shankar is posted on duty assignments to America. Gautam is in England. Gautam and Nirmala also write columns for newspapers. In ONE of the columns Gautam blames Muslim League for the partition of India. Cyril didn’t agree with what GAUTAM says about Muslim League’s role in Partition. Gautam meets Nirmala. Gautam is now a changed man and proposes to marry Nirmala. Remember? Gautam had refused to m arry Nirmala before. This time Nirmala REFUSES! On the other hand Amir has now again fallen in love with Roshan Ara Kazmi. Amir is now very senior officer in PAKISTAN NAVY. Then novelist goes into long details about how all of them remember their past and how they used to live in India. Novelist writes on page 305 ‘they were addicted to their past because it was safe and intact, more so…because there was no partition in it’

Gautam owns expensive cars and is very rich. Champa is working for Cyril in Cambridge. Champa tells Cyril about the beauty of India. Kamal too remembers the beauty of india. He is very sad about the partition and one day when he meets C yril he reads some poetry which makes him sad. He is sad that partition divided us. Then he tells Cyril that he cannot imagine the ir pain He says ‘can I translate this classical melody and the emtions they convey to me, into English?’

They are all nostalgic about their memories o f India and their childhood. But kamal says ‘it is an exercise in futility’

Champa says ‘we spent the days of our youth in the shades of intellectual hide and seek…One day we discovered that our own hands were drenched in blood and we saw all those fine people…intellectuals and authors and leaders many of them had blood stained hands too’…page 310

Lets get little fast because it will be useless to ke ep discussing minor details. Cyril proposes Champa Champa refuses, ‘you may divorce me as soon as your fascination for the East is over’





Nirmala…dies in hospital in 1954. Gautam is sad about it and starts drinking in her love.

Hari Shankar will be taking the ashes of Nirmala to India. While searching her room he finds a photograph of Gautam in Nirmala’s locker. HE is very sad about why Gautam didn’t marry his sister. Gautam now starts writing poetry and stops mee ting people. He travels back to America and Le aves England. Kamal also comes back to lucknow. Now THAT’S THE PART OF THE NOVEL WHICH IS MOST IMPOR TANT because from here on the novelist will draw a comparison of India before partition with that of India after partition. Pg 370 onward (you can read these rest of the 50 pages if you like) He has to get a Visa and Passport to visit the country where he spent his childhood because Kamal had opted to live in Pakistan after partition. !!!! When he comes back to India he sees that their Driver Gunga Din is no more in their house. Qadeer and Qamrun, the family servants are also not ther e. Ram Diya the maid has also left. Ram Autar the Gardener has also left. Kamal’s father is poor now because Zamindari is abolished in India after partition. The Muslims in India are not given jobs. They were very rich but now they have become poor. They don’t even have money to sustain life. Lucknow as well as Gulfishan family is in ruins.

Kamal is very sad to look at the t he state of his house and he says ‘long live the Revolution’

Tehmina is now a married woman. They have sold all their j ewelry. Kamal’s father had joined Muslim L eague before partition but he says ‘I HAD JOINED MUSLIM LEAGUE BUT THAT DOESN’T MEAN I LEAVE MY COUNTRY INDIA’

Amir is in Karachi. Amir was a cousin of Kamal so after partition when AMIR went to KARACHI the Indian Government had confiscated the entire property of Kamal’s family because Government said if one member of the family





Purdah culture was disappearing, females of Muslim families were now finding jobs. There is an important letter w ritten by Kamal on page number 375…try to read it too it will be helpful for exam’s reference.

An old American wrote in his book of history ‘The subcontinent would have been one of the great powers if you hadn’t split’.

Dr Kamal now sets up a scientific laboratory in Karcahi. He takes loan and through corruption buys free land in Karachi and builds a luxury house. Cyril arrives in BENGAL. (AT that time Be ngal was a part of Pakistan…we are in 1956) He sees poverty. People seem to be ignorant about w hat had happened to them.

Cyril actually owns a Tea Garden in india which his great grandfather had bought. He has come to visit it. Kamal is also now visiting Bengal. He meets Cyril. Champa has become a barrister and arrives in India..we will meet her in a moment. Then we are told about the Luxuries and Protocol enjoyed by President of Paksitan Governor G eneral ISKANDER MIRZA. Kamal is sad about the part ition business and comments on the sorry condition of Muslims. He says that the new Muslim aristocrats replaced the Britishers and the poor people st ill rot in poverty. REVOLUTION has failed to help the poor people of Pakistan. Muslims from India went to Pakistan to earn money and it was all an economic plot which ended with a social tragedy. So, Cryil visits Tea Plantings in Srimangal….he is welcomed by a storm of servants…there he meets a lady

working in his farm. ‘CYRIL drove out of his estate in search of Kamal…walked down to the shrubs..parked his car under a flame of the forest…he heard the t he tinkling of bangles. A Purbi girl was dexterously plucking tea-leaves,

but as soon as she saw him she pulled the anchal of her sari over her dusky face. The Bara Saheb stood right in front, and smiled. Drifting on a slow current of thought he came ashore and asked her in kitchen





Champa welcomes Kamal. SHE says she was not herself in Europe. SHE felt lonely in Europe, but she is happy here ‘perhaps today she was not alone, she was part of the crowd. She had at last, and unconditionally

accepted the comradeship of her fellow beings’ Kamal sees one Red kite adrift in the blue sky…yeah baby that’s symbolism…which means a part of India

has left NOW, There are two types of properties: moveable and non moveable. Moveable property includes things such as bed, sofa fridge and everything. Non moveable means land. Kamal has come to take his ‘moveable’ property which is locked in a store. He goes into a house where his moveable property is kept. The house is owned by a Sikh. He, for a moment feels that someone

might kill him for being a Pakistani but then feels okay’. The same home which was where he spent his childhood has now become alien to him. The same Lucknow where he spent his childhood now threatens him. READ from page 406 -7-8 if you want to have an emotional moment. SO, he goes into the store. To collect moveable property. Nothing is in a condition which can be taken. Everything is in ruins . But there is a book of o f history he opens it the title of the Book is ‘History of Oudh’. He reads some passages from the book which was written in 1800’s by some Indian historian and which talks about the glory and beauty of India. He fee ls very sad after reading the book…if you want to know what was written in the book read page from page number 409. Tehmina is married to a deputy commissioner. The place w here English Viceroy used to sit and rule India is now turned into a museum. He visits t he museum and yes again gets very very sad. Then a drop of rain falls on his nose (symbolic….rain means the student is coming home…but here it is just a drop…not rain). Gautam is a diplomat. He is also in I ndia on a visit. He is now in a forest where he meets Hari Shankar. GAUTAM syas ‘can these westerners visiting Shravasti understand the pain in our soul: In india’s in, in Kamal’s, in Mine’ “Kamal is an oversensitive incorringible fanatic idealist and he was let down by a relentless world”

River of Fire Short Summary

Recommend Documents