Hl{~`kte{h`l [ahu n``i hu hl{dlkdk {` ohzd {ad ~dgkd~ gl hluhkd b``i g{ ag{ h{ hu bhid {` {~ghl g{ O~dxuitbb, [ad }~`o~gf }~dudl{dk j`bb`u g ax}`{ad{hegb fgbd {~ghldd {a~`toa {dbzd o~tdbhlo ddiu kduholdk {` }~`kted g uholhjhegl{ ~dkte{h`l hl n`kx jg{ ahbd e`l{hlthlo {` kdzdb`} u{~dlo{a glk gkk ftuebd, [ahu hu nx l` fdglu g kdjgtb{ ~d}~dudl{g{h`l `j {ad {~ghlhlo e`lkte{dk ad~d" nt{ ~g{ad~ g ulg}ua`{ `j u`fd `j {ad fd{a`ku {ag{ d df}b`x, Tlkd~{gihlo {ahu }~`o~gf j`~ {dbzd ddiu hbb ed~{ghlbx }~`kted j`~ x`t g zd~x jgz`~gnbd ud{ `j ~dutb{u, H‘f j~dwtdl{bx guidk ag{ {` k` `led `ld hu k`ld h{a {ad O~dxuitbb B] !{ad nguhe }~`o~gf }~dudl{dk hl fx n``i ‒[ad O~dxuitbb B]3 Ude`lk Dkh{h`l(, _ahbd {ad OUB] hu gbf`u{ hljhlh{dbx jbdqhnbd glk gkg}{gnbd" }~`o~gfu bhid {ad `ld }~dudl{dk hl {ahu n``i g~d u{hbb e`ff`l}bged j`~ {~ghlddu a` agzd nddl g{ h{ g nh{ b`lod~, Ndj`~d d od{ u{g~{dk" h{ hu hf}`~{gl{ {` gkk~duu g jd {ahlou {ag{ g~d ldeduug~x {` tlkd~u{glk hl `~kd~ {` od{ {ad f`u{ `t{ `j {ahu }~`o~gf,
[ad ]~`o~gf [ahu }~`o~gf tudu fx {~hdk glk {~td ‒bgxd~hlo‖ e`led}{ hl `~kd~ {` geahdzd fgqhftf ~dutb{u, [ad }~hleh}bd hu uhf}bd9 `~i hu gkkdk hl g}}bheg{h`lu hl hle~dfdl{u hl `~kd~ {` fgqhfhsd {ad u{hftbh ldeduug~x j`~ gkg}{g{h`l h{a`t{ `zd~ dq{dlkhlo {ad {~ghldd‘u ~de`zd~x eg}geh{x, [ahu hu gee`f}bhuadk nx tlkd~u{glkhlo g ed~{ghl ahd~g~eax hl {d~fu `j {ad {x}d `j u{hftbtu tudk glk a` !glk a` `j{dl( h{ egl nd gkfhlhu{d~dk u` gu {` `~i uxld~ohu{hegbbx h{a {ad `{ad~ }hdedu `j {ad }tssbd,
U{~dlo{a [~ghlhlo H‘zd b`lo u{g{dk {ag{ {ad b`lo {d~f u`bt{h`l {` n`kx e`f}`uh{h`l huutdu hu {ad kdzdb`}fdl{ `j u{~dlo{a glk ftuebd fguu, G f`~d ftuetbg~ n`kx fdglu g ahoad~ fd{gn`bhe ~g{d" ahea {~glubg{du hl{` nd{{d~ n`kx e`f}`uh{h`l `zd~ {hfd, Uhled {ahu }~`o~gf j`etudu `l u{~h}}hlo {ad jg{ hl gl gnn~dzhg{dk }d~h`k `j {hfd !{dbzd ddiu(" u{~dlo{a {~ghlhlo {~ ghlhlo }bgxu g fgc`~ ~`bd, [ad u{~dlo{a {~ghlhlo }`~{h`l `j {ad }~`o~gf j`bb`u g ~dz`bzhlo GN u}bh{" h{a {a~dd ‒G‖ kgxu" glk {a~dd ‒N‖ kgxu, [a`toa h{ fgx u`tlk e`f}bdq" h{ hu wth{d uhf}bd glk zd~x dgux {` j`bb` uhled dgea k`ud hu `t{bhldk j`~ x`t hl {ad n``i kgx nx kgx, [ad }~`o~gf j`etudu `l nho f`ldx f`zdfdl{u {ag{ hbb dlgnbd x`t {` kdzdb`} u{~dlo{a glk nthbk ftuebd hl e`lctle{h`l h{a x`t~ `{ad~ djj`~{u {` gkk~duu {ad n`kx jg{ uh{tg{h`l kh~de{bx,
G L`{d `l ^d} ^glodu Gbb `j {ad f`zdfdl{u hl {ahu }~`o~gf g~d {` nd }d~j`~fdk {` jghbt~d, H agzd guuholdk ‒~d ~glodu‖ j`~ dgea f`zdfdl{, u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
5
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
J`~ hlu{gled" x`t fgx udd3
Hlebhld Ndlea ]~duu > q :&1 _ag{ {ahu fdglu hu {ag{ x`t g~d {` tud g dhoa{ {ag{ egtudu x`t {` ~dgea ftuetbg~ jghbt~d u`fdad~d nd{ddl uhq glk dhoa{ ~d}u, [ahu fgx {gid u`fd gkctu{fdl{ hj x`t g~d e`fhlo j~`f g jhqdk&~d}u {x}d `j }~`o~gf `~ ngeio~`tlk" nt{ x`t‘bb od{ {ad jddb j`~ h{ gu x`t o`, _dhoa{ ua`tbk nd gkkdk dgea {hfd {ad f`zdfdl{ e`fdu t} guutfhlo {ag{ x`t‘zd fglgodk {` fgid {ad ~d} ~glod `l {ad }~dzh`tu `~i`t{, X`t‘bb l`{hed {ag{ dgea f`zdfdl{ agu g ~d} ~glod guuholdk {` h{, [ahu hu ndegtud khjjd~dl{ f`zdfdl{u }~`kted o~`{a ndu{ adl {~ghldk hl g ed~{ghl ~glod, Fxudbj glk `{ad~u agzd dbhfhlg{dk j`~ x`t g b`{ `j {ad {~hgb glk d~~`~" glk gu g ~dutb{ x`t‘~d }~`zhkdk h{a {ad `}{hfgb ~glodu j`~ dgea f`zdfdl{,
Ahoa Hl{dluh{x Hl{d~zgb [~ghlhlo [ad ahoa hl{dluh{x `~i {ag{ hu }d~j`~fdk hl {ahu }~`o~gf `l {ad kgxu {ag{ u{~dlo{a {~ghlhlo hu l`{ o`hlo `l ~d}~dudl{ {ad ude`lk f`u{ djjde{hzd {``b hl {d~fu `j u{~h}}hlo {ad jg{, [adx g~d id}{ n~hdj hl lg{t~d glk g~d {` nd e`f}bd{dk h{a g {~dfdlk`tu gf`tl{ `j adg~{ glk hl{dluh{x, Ahoa hl{dluh{x `~i }~`ktedu g fd{gn`bhe dlzh~`lfdl{ {ag{ jgehbh{g{du {ad nt~lhlo `j jg{ g{ g ahoad~ ~g{d j`~ g ftea b`lod~ {hfd gj{d~ e`f}bd{h`l {agl b` hl{dluh{x `~i, [ad eg{ea hu {ag{ x`t u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
egll`{ }d~j`~f ahoa hl{dluh{x `~i gu j~dwtdl{ gu x`t egl }d~j`~f b` hl{dluh{x `~i h{a`t{ nt~lhlo `t{ glk u{hjbhlo x`t~ }~`o~duu, Fglx hbb nd ut~}~hudk {` udd {ag{ {ad ahoa hl{dluh{x `~i hl {ahu n``i e`luhu{u dl{h~dbx `j u}~hl{&ngudk ge{hzh{hdu, Idd} hl fhlk {ag{ H khk l`{ ~h{d {ahu }~`o~gf {` nd {ad f`u{ jtl `~ dqeh{hlo {dbzd ddiu `j x`t~ {~ghlhlo eg~dd~" nt{ ~g{ad~ {ad f`u{ djjde{hzd jg{ nt~lhlo exebd x`t‘zd tlkd~{gidl, U}~hl{hlo kdbhzd~u {ad o``k {hfd glk {hfd goghl" glk hu fx o`&{` adl h{ e`fdu {` u{~h}}hlo jg{ `jj `j g ebhdl{‘u j~gfd,
B` Hl{dluh{x E`lkh{h`lhlo [ad jgu{dk gbiu hl {ad f`~lhlou e`lkte{dk `l dzd~x {~ghlhlo kgx hl {ahu }~`o~gf fgid t} {ad b` hl{dluh{x e`f}`ldl{ `j {ad }~`o~gf, N`kxnthbkd~u agzd b`lo jgbbdl ngei ng ei `l jgu{dk eg~kh` {` u{~h} {ad jg{ hl }~d}g~g{h`l j`~ g ua`" gbf`u{ {` {ad dqebtuh`l `j gbb `{ad~ fd{a`ku `j {~ghlhlo, Uhf}bx }t{" h{ `~iu, [ahu }hded gb`ld hbb nd zd~x djjde{hzd hl ~dktehlo x`t~ n`kx jg{ `zd~ {ad ldq{ {dbzd ddiu, [ad ndu{ }g~{ hu" {ad bhfh{u `l g}}bheg{h`l g~d gbf`u{ l`l&dqhu{dl{" adled {ad hlebtuh`l `j {ad jgu{dk gbiu uhq kgxu }d~ ddi,
A`fd`~i A`fd`~i fgidu t} {ad jhlgb bgxd~ `j {ad }~`o~gf `l {ad }axuhegb uhkd, H{ hu hl{dlud" nt{ ufgbb dl`toa {` jh{ hl h{a`t{ {h}}hlo {ad uegbdu,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
4
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
Dgea kgx {ad~d hu gl guuholfdl{ {` e`f}bd{d g{ u`fd }`hl{ {a~`toa`t{ {ad kgx, Dgea guuholfdl{ hu g fhlh `~i`t{ `j u`~{u" glk {ad etftbg{hzd djjde{u `j {adud fhlh uduuh`lu }bgx g bg~od ~`bd hl {ad uteeduu `j fx {~ghlddu, H egl‘{ t~od x`t dl`toa {` k` x`t~ a`fd`~i, [ad a`fd`~i hl {ahu }~`o~gf e`luhu{u `j {` dbdfdl{u3 hl{dlud ctf} ~`}d uduuh`lu" glk ag{ H ~djd~ {` gu {ad nt~}dd }~`o~duuh`l, Bd{‘u b``i g{ dgea hl f`~d kd{ghb,
[ad Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l [ad gkkh{h`l `j {ad nt~}dd }~`o~duuh`l hl {ahu }~`o~gf hu ngudk `l ag{ H‘zd lgfdk ‒Zhbbghl Eagbbdlod %7‖3 e`f}bd{hlo `ld atlk~dk nt~}ddu hluhkd `j jhzd fhlt{du, H‘zd ~h{{dl ~ h{{dl g{ bdlo{a gn`t{ {ahu utncde{ dbudad~d `l fx dnuh{d u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f glk hl fx n``i ‒[ad n``i ‒[ad O~dxuitbb B]3 Ude`lk Dkh{h`l‖, Uhf}bx }t{" H‘zd ldzd~ fd{ glx`ld a` e`tbk }d~j`~f `ld atlk~dk nt~}ddu hl jhzd fhlt{du a` gu l`{ ag}}x h{a {adh~ n`kx e`f}`uh{h`l, ]d~j`~fhlo 7== nt~}ddu hl jhzd fhlt{du ~dwth~du x`t {` fghl{ghl g `ld&nt~}dd&}d~&{a~dd&ude`lk }ged, [ad {~hei hu {` o~gktgbbx hle~dgud {ad ltfnd~ `j nt~}ddu {ag{ x`t egl k` ahbd u{gxhlo `l }ged, F`u{ hbb nd jhld {` u{g~{ `t{ h{a {a~dd ud{u `j 7= ~d}u, Hl {ahu egud x`t `tbk agzd g 5= ude`lk hlk` h{ahl ahea {` il`ei `t{ dgea ud{, Hl {ad ndohllhlo {ad ~du{ hl nd{ddl ud{u egl nd udzd~gb fhlt{du hj lddk nd" nt{ x`t ua`tbk dlkdgz`~ {` ~dkted {ad ~du{ hl nd{ddl djj`~{u k`l {` `ld fhlt{d `zd~ {hfd, @led x`t egl }d~j`~f {ad {g~od{ ltfnd~ `j ~d}u hl {ad {g~od{ gf`tl{ `j {hfd" x`t g~d ~dgkx {` gkk ~d}u, [adud fhlh `~i`t{u g~d {` dzd~x `{ad~ kgx hl {ahu }~`o~gf" gb{d~lg{hlo h{a {ad ctf} u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
:
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
~`}d `~i`t{u" u` x`t ua`tbk gkk {ad ~d}u zd~x ub`bx" `ld `~ {` }d~ kgx {` dlut~d {ag{ x`t g~d l`{ `t{}gehlo `t{}ge hlo x`t~udbj, Hle~dgud {ad gf`tl{ `j {hfd gbb`wdk j`~ dgea ud{ nx {a~dd ude`lku j`~ dzd~x ~d} {ag{ x`t gkk, @led x`t egl k` ud{u `j 5= hl 8= ude`lku `~ bduu" dgea h{a `ld& fhlt{d‘u ~du{ hl nd{ddl" x`t g~d ~dgkx {` ~dkted {ad ltfnd~ `j ud{u {` {` glk idd} }tuahlo {ad ltfnd~ `j ~d}u }d~ ud{ t}, @led x`t egl k` {` ud{u `j 4= hl bduu {ag{ {` glk g agbj fhlt{du dgea" x`t g~d ~dgkx {` u{g~{ k`hlo `ld uhlobd ud{ dgea kgx" o~gktgbbx }tuahlo {`g~ku {ad dzd~ dbtuhzd 7== ~d} fg~i,
[ad Ctf} ^`}d H‘zd hlebtkdk g ctf} ~`}d `~i`t{ gu a`fd`~i `l {ad kgxu `}}`uh{d {ad nt~}dd }~`o~duuh`l kgxu, [ad~d hu `ld uhf}bd ~dgu`l j`~ {ahu9 bhid {ad nt~}dd }~`o~duuh`l" {ad ctf} ~`}d hu dq{~dfdbx djjde{hzd gu g {``b j`~ nt~lhlo jg{, [ad `~i`t{u g~d uhf}bd9 {ad~d g~d guuholdk kt~g{h`lu ahea x`t g~d {` hl{dludbx ‒}bgx ‒ h{a {ad ~`}d, H{ u{g~{u `t{ ub`" h{a g uhlobd jhzd&fhlt{d uduuh`l" nt{ ~gf}u t} wtheibx, Hl {ad bg{{d~ }g~{u `j {ad }~`o~gf x`t g~d e`f}bd{hlo jhzd jhzd&fhlt{d ~`tlku" ahea hu l` dgux {gui, [a`ud ld {` {ad ~`}d hbb ndohl h{a uhlobd ctf}u glk e`ledl{~g{d `l kdzdb`}hlo }~`jhehdlex h{a {ad ~`}d, Gu {ad kgxu glk ddiu o` `l uihbb h{a {ad ~`}d hbb hf}~`zd, H dle`t~god x`t {` kdzdb`} uihbbu glk ‒~`}d {~heiu‖ {` hf}~`zd e``~khlg{h`l" glk idd} h{ hl{d~du{hlo, J`~ hlu}h~g{h`l" g{ea g zhkd` `j g n`qd~ tuhlo {ad ~`}d, X`t~ fhuuh`l hu {` b``i bhid ahf `l {ad ~`}d nx {ad dlk `j {ahu }~`o~gf,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
^du{ nd{ddl {ad ud{u ua`tbk nd bhfh{dk {` {` fhlt{du fgq" glk hkdgbbx id}{ {` `ld&fhlt{d gu e`lkh{h`lhlo hf}~`zdu,
[`od{ad~ {adud }hdedu fgid t} g e`f}bdq" bgxd~dk g}}~`gea {` {~ghlhlo ahea hbb dlgnbd x`t {` ntu{ {a~`toa }~dzh`tu jg{ b`uu }bg{dgtu" `~ ud~h`tubx hf}~`zd x`t~ n`kx e`f}`uh{h`l e`f }`uh{h`l hj x`t g~d ndohllhlo {ahu c`t~ldx h{a g ahoad~ n`kx jg{, Ndj`~d d od{ hl{` {ad fdg{ `j {ad }~`o~gf" h{ hu gnu`bt{dbx ldeduug~x {` gkk~duu {ad `{ad~ hf}`~{gl{ zg~hgnbd hl {ahu fhq… Khd{,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
1
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
L` khuetuuh`l `j k~`}}hlo n`kx jg{ `tbk nd e`f}bd{d h{a`t{ gkk~duuhlo {ad khd{ zg~hgnbd, _ahbd {ad }~`o~gf bghk `t{ hl {ahu n``i hbb hf}~`zd x`t~ n`kx e`f}`uh{h`l ~dog~kbduu `j x`t~ khd{g~x g}}~`gea" x`t~ ~dutb{u hbb nd ftea nd{{d~ hj x`t gkad~d {` g{ bdgu{ g nguhe jg{ b`uu khd{, Hl fx n``i ‒U_@BD3 n``i ‒U_@BD3 [ad O~dxuitbb O~`{a ]~hleh}bdu‖ H gkk~duu {ad utncde{ `j khd{ hl kd{ghb h{a ~dog~ku {` nthbkhlo ftuebd fguu, H hbb nd ~dbdguhlo g jg{ b`uu e`tl{d~}g~{ {` U_@BD hl {ad jt{t~d ahea hbb od{ ftea f`~d u}dehjhe `l {ad khd{ j~`l{" gu dbb gu b``i g{ {ad ut}}bdfdl{ `}{h`lu gzghbgnbd {` dq}dkh{d {ad jg{ b`uu }~`eduu, J`~ `t~ }t~}`udu ad~d a`dzd~" H gf uhf}bx o`hlo {` `jjd~ u`fd zd~x nguhe othkgled `l a` {` ud{ t} g uhf}bd jg{ b`uu khd{ {` gee`f}glx {ad }~`o~gf hl {ahu n``i,
J``k Wtgbh{x _ag{ x`t‘~d dg{hlo hu }~`ngnbx {ad f`u{ hf}`~{gl{ }hded `j {ad khd{ }tssbd, H gkzhud x`t {` u{hei {` ahoa&wtgbh{x" uhlobd hlo~dkhdl{ u`t~edu `j }~`{dhl glk eg~n`axk~g{du {` fgid t} x`t~ fdgbu, Bdgl }~`{dhl u`t~edu bhid" eaheidl" jhua" bdgl nddj" }`~i" b` `~ l`l&jg{ e`{{god eaddud" glk }~`{dhl }`kd~u ua`tbk nd x`t~ u{g}bd u`t~edu kt~hlo {ad ldq{ {dbzd ddiu, Eg~n`axk~g{d u`t~edu utea gu }`{g{`" ~hed" `g{u" j~th{u" glk }gu{g ua`tbk fgid t} {ad eg~n`axk~g{d uhkd `j {ad fhq, Zdod{gnbdu d e`luhkd~ g ‒j~dd j``k‖ glk egl nd e`lutfdk bhnd~gbbx h{a dgea fdgb,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
8
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
J``k E`fnhlg{h`lu Gu gbbtkdk {` hl {ad wtgbh{x ude{h`l" fdgbu ua`tbk e`luhu{ `j g u`t~ed `j }~`{dhl glk g u`t~ed `j eg~n`axk~g{du, _d g~d l`{ kdbhnd~g{dbx gkkhlo jg{ u`t~edu {` {ad dwtg{h`l g{ {ahu }`hl{" nt{ ~g{ad~ bd{{hlo {adf }hooxngei hl h{a {ad }~`{dhl u`t~edu j`~ l`, Idd}hlo {ad jg{ ~dbg{hzdbx b` ~dktedu {ad `zd~gbb egb`~he hl{gid" glk {ad~dj`~d adb}u tu `l `t~ }t~uth{ `j bdgllduu, [ad dqed}{h`l `j {ad `ld glk `ld ~tbd dqhu{u hl {ad jhlgb fdgb `j {ad kgx" ahea ua`tbk nd }~`{dhl `lbx" hkdgbbx }~`{dhl }`kd~ fhqdk hl g{d~ `~ gl`{ad~ egb`~hd eg~n`axk~g{d j~dd bhwthk,
]`~{h`lu Dgea fdgb ua`tbk e`luhu{ `j g }`~{h`l `j }~`{dhl glk g }`~{h`l `j eg~n`axk~g{du, G }`~{h`l `j }~`{dhl hu ~`toabx {ad uhsd `j x`t~ }gbf" ahbd g }`~{h`l `j eg~nu hu gn`t{ {ad uhsd `j x`t~ jhu{, U{hei {` {adud nguhe }`~{h`lhlo othkdbhldu `zd~ {ad ldq{ {dbzd ddiu" glk x`t hbb udd jg{ b`uu j`~ ut~d,
[hfhlo Fdgbu ua`tbk nd u}~dgk `zd~ {ad kgx hl ~`toabx {a~dd&a`t~ hl{d~zgbu, [ahu fdglu {ag{ x`t ua`tbk nd {gihlo hl jhzd {` uhq ufgbb fdgbu }d~ kgx, Hj x`t~ n`kx jg{ hu ahoa {` ndohl h{a" e`luhkd~ k~`}}hlo {ad eg~n`axk~g{d }`~{h`l j~`f {ad bgu{ {` fdgbu" `}{hlo j`~ g fdg{ glk zdod{gnbd `lbx fdgb }~h`~ {` {ad jhlgb fdgb `j {ad kgx,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7=
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ahu hu nx l` fdglu g e`f}~dadluhzd b``i g{ jg{ b`uu khd{hlo" nt{ ~g{ad~ g n~hdj hl{~` {` u`fd `j {ad }~hleh}bdu {ag{ H tud hl nthbkhlo khd{u j`~ hlkhzhktgbu, Hj x`t `tbk bhid f`~d u}dehjhe khd{ hlj`~fg{h`l j`~ x`t~ uh{tg{h`l jddb j~dd {` e`l{ge{ fd gn`t{ e`lutb{hlo h{a x`t kh~de{bx" `~ u{gx {tldk j`~ {ad t}e`fhlo jg{ b`uu khd{ n``i,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
77
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi @ld
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi @ld3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Hlebhld Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
]~duu :&1" 1&7>
Gb{d~lg{hlo KN Et~b !udd }god 77?( 5 q 7=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi @ld3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( 4 fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 fhlt{du
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi @ld3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ !udd }god 77>( ;&:" 1&7>
Aglohlo Ildd ^ghud !udd }god 7>=( 5 q 7>
Uwtg{ > q 1&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
74
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi @ld3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l !udd }god 7>;(
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 fhlt{du
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7:
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi @ld3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Eb`ud O~h} Ndlea ]~duu !udd }god 775( > q ;&:
Udg{dk Ktfnndbb ]~duu !udd }god 771( 7=" 1" :
_dhoa{dk ]tuat} ) ;4bn !udd }god 774( > q Fgq ^d}u
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi @ld3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q 4
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 fhlt{du
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
71
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi @ld3 Kgx ? ^du{ Kgx
‒K~dgfu glk kdkheg{h`l g~d g }`d~jtb e`fnhlg{h`l‖ &_hbbhgf B`lo``k
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
78
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [`
_ddi [`3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Kdjheh{ Kdgkbhj{ !udd }god 778( ;&:" 1&7>
Ilddbhlo Egnbd E~tlea !udd }god 7>>( > q 7=&7>
J~`l{ Uwtg{ !udd }god 77=( > q 4" 7 q 4)
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi [`3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( : fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d ? fhlt{du
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
>>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [`3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ _dhoa{dk Kh} > q :&1
K`tnbd Id{{bdndbb Ebdgl glk ]~duu !udd }god 77;( > q Fgq ^d}u Adgzx Ndbbu
DS Et~b ng~ Et~b !udd }god 77:( > q 7=&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
>5
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [`3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d ? fhlt{du
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
>;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [`3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ > q :&1
Kdebhld [hu{hlo E~tlea !udd }god 7>5( > q 7>
Uwtg{ 7 q >=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
>4
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [`3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q 4
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d ? fhlt{du
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
>:
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [`3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒H il` {ad }~hed `j uteeduu3 kdkheg{h`l" ag~k `~i" glk gl tl~dfh{{hlo kdz`{h`l {` {ad {ahlou x`t gl{ {` udd ag}}dl‖, &J~gli Bb`xk _~hoa{
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
>?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [a~dd
_ddi [a~dd3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Hlebhld Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
]~duu :&1" 1&7>
Gb{d~lg{hlo KN Et~b 5 q 7=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi [a~dd3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( ? fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d > q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
5=
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [a~dd3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Aglohlo Ildd ^ghud 5 q 7>
Uwtg{ > q 1&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
57
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [a~dd3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d > q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
5>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [a~dd3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Eb`ud O~h} Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
Udg{dk Ktfnndbb ]~duu 7=" 1" :
_dhoa{dk ]tuat} ) ;4bn > q Fgq ^d}u
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
55
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [a~dd3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q :
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d > q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
5;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [a~dd3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒Fdl{gb {`toalduu hu {` }axuhegb gu j`t~ hu {` `ld‖, &N`nnx Ilhoa{
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
54
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi J`t~
_ddi J`t~3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Kdjheh{ Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Ilddbhlo Egnbd E~tlea > q 7=&7>
J~`l{ Uwtg{ > q 4" 7 q 4)
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi J`t~3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( ? fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 5 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
51
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi J`t~3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ _dhoa{dk Kh} > q :&1
K`tnbd Id{{bdndbb Ebdgl glk ]~duu > q Fgq ^d}u Adgzx Ndbbu
DS Et~b ng~ Et~b > q 7=&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
58
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi J`t~3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 5 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
;=
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi J`t~3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ > q :&1
Kdebhld [hu{hlo E~tlea > q 7>
Uwtg{ 7 q >=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
;7
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi J`t~3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi 5= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q :
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 5 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
;>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi J`t~3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒Uteeduu hu {` nd fdgut~duk l`{ u` ftea nx {ad }`uh{h`l }`uh{ h`l {ag{ `ld agu a gu ~dgeadk hl bhjd gu nx{ad `nu{gebdu ahea ad agu `zd~e`fd‖, &N``id~ [, _guahlo{`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
;5
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Jhzd
_ddi Jhzd3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Hlebhld Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
]~duu :&1" 1&7>
Gb{d~lg{hlo KN Et~b 5 q 7=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi Jhzd3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( 1 fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d : q 5 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
;:
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Jhzd3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Aglohlo Ildd ^ghud 5 q 7>
Uwtg{ > q 1&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
;?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Jhzd3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d : q 5 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
;1
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Jhzd3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Eb`ud O~h} Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
Udg{dk Ktfnndbb ]~duu 7=" 1" :
_dhoa{dk ]tuat} ) ;4bn > q Fgq ^d}u
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
;8
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Jhzd3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q :
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d : q 5 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
4=
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Jhzd3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒Ng{{bd hu {ad f`u{ fgolhjhedl{ e`f}d{h{h`l hl ahea g atfgl ndhlo egl hlktbod, H{ n~hlou `t{ gbb {ag{ hu ndu{9 h{ ~df`zdu gbb {ag{ hu ngud, Gbb fdl g~d gj~ghk hl ng{{bd, [ad e`g~k hu {ad `ld a` bd{u ahu jdg~ `zd~e`fd ahu udlud `j kt{x, Kt{x hu {ad duudled `j fgla``k‖, &Od`~od U, ]g{{`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
47
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Uhq
_ddi Uhq3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Kdjheh{ Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Ilddbhlo Egnbd E~tlea > q 7=&7>
J~`l{ Uwtg{ > q 4" 7 q 4)
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi Uhq3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( 8 fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d ? q 5 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
4;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Uhq3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ _dhoa{dk Kh} > q :&1
K`tnbd Id{{bdndbb Ebdgl glk ]~duu > q Fgq ^d}u Adgzx Ndbbu
DS Et~b ng~ Et~b > q 7=&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
44
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Uhq3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d ? q 5 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
4:
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Uhq3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ > q :&1
Kdebhld [hu{hlo E~tlea > q 7>
Uwtg{ 7 q >=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
4?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Uhq3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q ?
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d ? q 5 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
41
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Uhq3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒[~hgbu" {df}{g{h`lu" khug}}`hl{fdl{u‛ gbb {adud g~d adb}u hlu{dgk `j ahlk~gledu" hj `ld tudu {adf ~hoa{bx, [adx l`{ `lbx {du{ {ad jhnd~ `j eag~ge{d~ nt{ u{~dlo{adl h{… Dzd~x {~hgb dlkt~dk glk dg{ad~dk hl {ad ~hoa{ u}h~h{ fgidu g u`tb l`nbd~ glk u{~`lod~ {agl h{ gu ndj`~d‖, &Cgfdu Nteiagf
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
48
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Udzdl
_ddi Udzdl3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Hlebhld Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
]~duu :&1" 1&7>
Gb{d~lg{hlo KN Et~b 5 q 7=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi Udzdl3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( 7= fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
:>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Udzdl3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Aglohlo Ildd ^ghud 5 q 7>
Uwtg{ > q 1&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
:5
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Udzdl3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
:;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Udzdl3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Eb`ud O~h} Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
Udg{dk Ktfnndbb ]~duu 7=" 1" :
_dhoa{dk ]tuat} ) ;4bn > q Fgq ^d}u
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
:4
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Udzdl3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q 1
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
::
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Udzdl3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒H gl{ {` ~h} `t{ ahu adg~{ glk jddk h{ {` ahf, H gl{ {` ihbb }d`}bd, H gl{ {` ~h} {adh~ u{`fgeau `t{ glk dg{ {adh~ eahbk~dl‖, &Fhid [xu`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
:?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dhoa{
_ddi Dhoa{3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Kdjheh{ Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Ilddbhlo Egnbd E~tlea > q 7=&7>
J~`l{ Uwtg{ > q 4" 7 q 4)
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi Dhoa{3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( 77 fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
?=
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dhoa{3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ _dhoa{dk Kh} > q :&1
K`tnbd Id{{bdndbb Ebdgl glk ]~duu > q Fgq ^d}u Adgzx Ndbbu
DS Et~b ng~ Et~b > q 7=&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
?7
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dhoa{3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
?>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dhoa{3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ > q :&1
Kdebhld [hu{hlo E~tlea > q 7>
Uwtg{ 7 q >=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
?5
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dhoa{3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;= fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q 1
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
?;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dhoa{3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒H ag{dk dzd~x fhlt{d `j {~ghlhlo" nt{ H ughk" ‑K`l‘{ wth{, Utjjd~ l` glk bhzd {ad ~du{ `j x`t~ bhjd gu g eagf}h`l‖, &Ftagffgk Gbh
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
?4
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Lhld
_ddi Lhld3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Hlebhld Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
]~duu :&1" 1&7>
Gb{d~lg{hlo KN Et~b 5 q 7=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi Lhld3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( 7> fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
?1
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Lhld3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Aglohlo Ildd ^ghud 5 q 7>
Uwtg{ > q 1&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
?8
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Lhld3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
1=
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Lhld3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Eb`ud O~h} Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
Udg{dk Ktfnndbb ]~duu 7=" 1" :
_dhoa{dk ]tuat} ) ;4bn > q Fgq ^d}u
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
17
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Lhld3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q 8
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
1>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Lhld3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒Ad a` hu l`{ e`t~god`tu dl`toa {` {gid ~huiu hbb gee`f}bhua l`{ahlo hl bhjd‖, &Ftagffgk Gbh
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
15
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dl
_ddi [dl3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Kdjheh{ Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Ilddbhlo Egnbd E~tlea > q 7=&7>
J~`l{ Uwtg{ > q 4" 7 q 4)
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi [dl3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( 75 fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
1:
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dl3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ _dhoa{dk Kh} > q :&1
K`tnbd Id{{bdndbb Ebdgl glk ]~duu > q Fgq ^d}u Adgzx Ndbbu
DS Et~b ng~ Et~b > q 7=&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
1?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dl3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
11
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dl3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ > q :&1
Kdebhld [hu{hlo E~tlea > q 7>
Uwtg{ 7 q >=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
18
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dl3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q 8
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
8=
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dl3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒]ghl hu {df}`~g~x, H{ fgx bgu{ g fhlt{d" `~ gl a`t~" `~ g kgx" `~ g xdg~" nt{ h{ hbb utnuhkd glk u`fd{ahlo dbud hbb {gid h{u }bged, Hj H wth{" a`dzd~" h{ bgu{u j`~dzd~‖, &Bgled G~fu{~`lo
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
87
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dbdzdl
_ddi Dbdzdl3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Hlebhld Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
]~duu :&1" 1&7>
Gb{d~lg{hlo KN Et~b 5 q 7=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi Dbdzdl3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( 7; fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
8;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dbdzdl3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Aglohlo Ildd ^ghud 5 q 7>
Uwtg{ > q 1&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
84
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dbdzdl3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
8:
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dbdzdl3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Eb`ud O~h} Ndlea ]~duu > q ;&:
Udg{dk Ktfnndbb ]~duu 7=" 1" :
_dhoa{dk ]tuat} ) ;4bn > q Fgq ^d}u
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
8?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dbdzdl3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q 7=
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
81
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi Dbdzdl3 Kgx Udzdl ^du{ Kgx
‒Kduh~d hu {ad idx {` f`{hzg{h`l" nt{ h{/u kd{d~fhlg{h`l glk e`ffh{fdl{ {` gl tl~dbdl{hlo }t~uth{ `j x`t~ o`gb & g e`ffh{fdl{ {` dqedbbdled & {ag{ hbb dlgnbd x`t {` g{{ghl {ad uteeduu x`t uddi‖, &Fg~h` Glk~d{{h
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
88
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dbzd
_ddi [dbzd3 Kgx @ld GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Kdjheh{ Kdgkbhj{ ;&:" 1&7>
Ilddbhlo Egnbd E~tlea > q 7=&7>
J~`l{ Uwtg{ > q 4" 7 q 4)
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
_ddi [dbzd3 Kgx [` GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 5= ude`lku fgq djj`~{ !u}~hl{( 5= ude`lku f`kd~g{d djj`~{ !c`o( 74 fhlt{du
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7=>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dbzd3 Kgx [a~dd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ _dhoa{dk Kh} > q :&1
K`tnbd Id{{bdndbb Ebdgl glk ]~duu > q Fgq ^d}u Adgzx Ndbbu
DS Et~b ng~ Et~b > q 7=&7>
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7=5
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dbzd3 Kgx J`t~ GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ >= fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7=;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dbzd3 Kgx Jhzd GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ Utf` Kdgkbhj{ > q :&1
Kdebhld [hu{hlo E~tlea > q 7>
Uwtg{ 7 q >=
A`fd`~i3 Nt~}dd ]~`o~duuh`l
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7=4
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
_ddi [dbzd3 Kgx Uhq GF Jgu{dk _gbi ;4 fhlt{du
_`~i`t{ 7==f Kgua q 7=
A`fd`~i3 Ctf} ^`}d 4 q 4 fhlt{d ~`tlk
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7=:
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
E`lebtuh`l [ad~d x`t agzd h{" gl hl{dlud {dbzd&ddi jg{ b`uu exebd" O~dxuitbb u{xbd, Hj x`t‘zd }tuadk h{ {` {ad bhfh{ `l x`t~ `~i`t{u `zd~ {ad bgu{ {dbzd ddiu" glk u{tei {` x`t~ khd{" x`t g~d l` k`tn{ u}`~{hlo g bdgld~" ag~kd~ j~gfd, H e`ffdlk x`t j`~ }t{{hlo hl {ad djj`~{ glk k`hlo {ahlou {ag{ `{ad~u uhf}bx `l‘{ k` hl }t~uth{ `j ndgu{bx o~dg{lduu, L` {ag{ x`t‘zd u{~h}}dk {ad jg{" eadei `t{ u`fd `j {ad `{ad~ {h{bdu hl {ad ‒[dbzd _ddiu g{ O~dxuitbb‖ ud~hdu hj x`t‘k bhid {` }tua ag~k {` }~`kted u`fd khjjd~dl{ `t{e`fdu, _ag{dzd~ x`t k`" idd} {ad oghlu e`fhlo, Gu H‘zd ughk ndj`~d" g{ O~dxuitbb {ad `lbx {ahlou d g~d hl{d~du{dk hl ‒fghl{ghlhlo‖ g~d d~de{h`lu, [agli x`t j`~ x`t~ ut}}`~{" glk k` l`{ aduh{g{d {` e`l{ge{ fd j`~ adb} gb`lo {ad gx, X`t~u hl U{~dlo{a"
C`allx ]ghl
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7=?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
Dqd~ehud Kd{ghb [ahu hu l`{ hl{dlkdk nx glx fdglu {` nd g e`f}~dadluhzd bhu{ `j gbb `j {ad f`zdfdl{u tudk hl {ad 7>&ddi }~`o~gf hl {ahu n``i, [ad~d hu g ed~{ghl gf`tl{ `j guutfdk il`bdkod `l {ad }g~{ `j {ad ~dgkd~ }t~eagud~ `j {ahu n``i, F`zdfdl{u {ag{ H jdb{ u`fd fhoa{ nd tljgfhbhg~ h{a g~d kdf`lu{~g{dk j`~ j `~ kd{ghb hl {ahu ude{h`l, J`~ f`~d kd{ghb `l {ad f`~d nguhe f`zdfdl{u }~dudl{dk" eadei `t{ {ad dqd~ehud dqdet{h`l ude{h`l `j ‒[ad O~dxuitbb B]3 Ude`lk Dkh{h`l‖, Gu gbgxu" hj {ad~d g~d glx wtdu{h`lu ~dog~khlo glx `j {ad hlj`~fg{h`l }~dudl{dk hl {ahu n``i" H egl nd ~dgeadk `l fx W glk G J`~tf `l U{~dlo{aZhbbghl,e`f ad~d H hbb nd ag}}x {` }~`zhkd x`t h{a gl glud~,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7=1
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad _dhoa{dk Eahl&T}
[` }d~j`~f {ad dhoa{dk eahl" k`l g dhoa{ ndb{ glk aglo j~`f g ng~ h{a x`t~ }gbfu jgehlo {`g~ku x`t gu ua`l, Fgid h{ g kdgk aglo" fdglhlo {ag{ {ad dbn`u g~d l`{ ndl{ g{ gbb, J~`f {ad~d }tbb t} tl{hb x`t~ {a~`g{ e`fdu hl e`l{ge{ h{a {ad ng~,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7=8
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad J~`l{ Uwtg{ [ad n`kxnthbkhlo u{xbd j~`l{ uwtg{ hu }d~j`~fdk nx e~`uuhlo {ad g~fu hl j~`l{ `j {ad n`kx gu ua`l ndb`" dbn`u `t{" aglku hl jhu{u {`teahlo `}}`uh{d ua`tbkd~u, [ahu e~dg{du g uadbj {` ~du{ {ad ng~ `l, [ad n`kxnthbkhlo u{xbd hu uhf}bd~ {` }d~j`~f e`~~de{bx" {a`toa h{ ~dwth~du {ag{ {ad ng~ nd {gidl `t{ `j g ~gei `~ `jj `j g u{glk, [ad @bxf}he u{xbd k`du l`{ ~dwth~d g ~gei" gu {ad ng~ egl nd ebdgldk hl{` }bged, N`{a u{xbdu agzd {adh~ g}}bheg{h`lu, H jddb l` `nbhog{h`l {` ~de`ffdlk {ad @bxf}he u{xbd j~`l{ uwtg{ {` glx`ld `{ad~ {agl {a`ud hl{d~du{dk hl e`f}d{hlo hl {ad u}`~{, Hl {d~fu `j nthbkhlo u{~dlo{a glk ftuebd" {ad n`kxnthbkhlo zg~hg{h`l hbb ed~{ghlbx od{ {ad c`n k`ld,
[ad ‒@bxf}he‖ u{xbd J~`l{ Uwtg{
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
77=
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad ‒N`kxnthbkhlo‖ u{xbd J~`l{ Uwtg{
Kd{ghb `l Ng~ ]`uh{h`l9 Idd} {a`ud dbn`u `t{'
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
777
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad Utf` Kdgkbhj{ [ad Utf` Kdgkbhj{ hu g zd~x lg{t~gb bhj{ {` }d~j`~f, H{ hu fx jgz`~h{d fdfnd~ `j {ad Kdgkbhj{ jgfhbx, [ad uhf}bd kh~de{h`l {ag{ H ohzd {` {~ghlddu hu {` ‒u{glk bhid g o`~hbbg‖ g{ {ad ng~" o~h} h{ ag~k" glk }tua {ad o~`tlk ggx, ^dfdfnd~" eadu{ `t{" nt{{ ngei {ad a`bd {hfd, J`~ f`~d kd{ghb `l {ahu bhj{ udd fx n``i ‒[ad n``i ‒[ad O~dxuitbb B]3 Ude`lk Dkh{h`l‖,
[ad Utf` Kdgkbhj{
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
77>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad Eb`ud O~h} Ndlea ]~duu [ad~d g~d {` e`ff`l gxu `j }d~j`~fhlo {ahu f`zdfdl{" ag{ H ~djd~ {` gu {ad ‒]`d~bhj{hlo‖ u{xbd" glk {ad ‒N`kxnthbkhlo‖ u{xbd, [ad khjjd~dled hu {ad }`uh{h`l `j {ad dbn`u {a~`toa`t{ {ad f`zdfdl{9 {ad j`~fd~ agu {ad dbn`u {teidk h{a {ad t}}d~ g~fu fghl{ghlhlo e`l{ge{ h{a {ad {`~u`" ahbd {ad bg{{d~ agu {ad dbn`u ‒k`hlo ag{ {adx gl{‖ glk jbg~hlo `t{ g nh{, J`~ {ahu }~`o~gf d hbb nd tuhlo {ad N`kxnthbkhlo u{xbd gu ua`l ndb`, J`~ f`~d kd{ghb `l n`{a zg~hgl{u eadei `t{ fx n``i ‒[ad O~dxuitbb B]3 Ude`lk Dkh{h`l‖,
[ad Eb`ud O~h} Ndlea ]~duu, L`{d {ag{ {ad aglku g~d }`uh{h`ldk hl ~`toabx {ad ugfd u}gehlo tudk j`~ g e`~~de{ }~duu,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
775
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad K`tnbd Id{{bdndbb Ebdgl glk ]~duu [ahu `ld hu zd~x udbj&dq}bglg{`~x agzhlo gb~dgkx e`zd~dk {ad k`tnbd id{bbdndbb ebdgl" nt{ ad~d‘u g jd f`~d }he{t~du `j fx jgz`~h{d U`~{g ^hegl bhj{hlo {ahlou glxgx,
[ad K`tnbd Id{{bdndbb Ebdgl glk ]~duu
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
77;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad _dhoa{dk ]tua&T} ]ghljtbbx uhf}bd" nt{ ad~d‘u g zhutgb j`~ {a`ud {ag{ fgx ldzd~ agzd uddl h{ k`ld,
[ad _dhoa{dk ]tua&T}
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
774
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
DS Et~b Ng~ Et~b Fgid dzd~x{ahlo gu {hoa{ gu }`uuhnbd adl k`hlo {adud, Jbdq x`t~ eadu{ glk bg{u ag~k {a~`toa`t{ {ad a`bd f`zdfdl{, Hj x`t agzdl‘{ bdg~ldk a` {` e`lueh`tubx e`l{~`b {adud ftuebdu" ctu{ hfgohld a`bkhlo g }gh~ `j jhzd&}`tlk }bg{du tlkd~ x`t~ g~f}h{u ahbd x`t }d~j`~f {ad f`zdfdl{, Fghl{ghl F ghl{ghl {ahu {hoa{lduu g{ {ad {`} `j {ad f`zdfdl{ glk bhj{ x`t~ dbn`u t} ubhoa{bx g{ {ad dlk9 x`t‘bb jddb {ad a`bd tlh{ od{ ftea {hoa{d~" glk {ad nhed} h{udbj hbb jddb gu hj h{ agu l` f`~d }`{dl{hgb {` e`l{~ge{ !ahea h{ `l‘{(, [ahu ufgbb f`zdfdl{ {~hood~u {ad bgu{ bh{{bd nh{ `j e`l{~ge{h`l j~`f {ad nhed}u }~`qhfgb !eb`udu{ {` {ad n`kx( jtle{h`l `j e`l{~hnt{hlo {` {ad f`zdfdl{ `j {ad t}}d~ g~f g{ {ad ua`tbkd~ c`hl{,
[ad DS Et~b Ng~ Et~b, L`{d {ad uwtddsd glk dbdzg{dk dbn`u g{ {ad {`} `j {ad f`zdfdl{,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
77:
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
Udg{dk Gb{d~lg{hlo Ktfnndbb Et~b Gu h{a {ad u{glkg~k DS et~b ng~ et~b" idd} dzd~x{ahlo jbdqdk t} {hoa{ {a~`toa`t{ {ad f`zdfdl{, Hfgohld a`bkhlo {a`ud jhzd }`tlkd~u tlkd~ {ad g~f}h{u glk uwtddsd glk uwtddsd''
[ad Udg{dk Gb{d~lg{hlo Ktfnndbb Et~b
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
77?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
Udg{dk Ktfnndbb ]~duu Gl`{ad~ uhf}bd `ld,
[ad Udg{dk Ktfnndbb ]~duu
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
771
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad Kdjheh{ Kdgkbhj{ [ahu `ld ~dwth~du g jd }bg{du `~ g }bg{j`~f `j u`fd u`~{ {` u{glk `l, @{ad~ {agl {ag{ h{ hu }d~j`~fdk dqge{bx bhid g e`lzdl{h`lgb kdgkbhj{,
[ad Kdjheh{ Kdgkbhj{
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
778
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad Aglohlo Ildd ^ghud
[ad Aglohlo Ildd ^ghud
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7>=
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad ^gei ]tbb Ud{ {ad }hlu hl {ad ~gei {` ctu{ gn`zd {ad ildd, Idd} {ad eadu{ }tuadk `t{ glk }tua {ad o~`tlk ggx h{a {ad jdd{,
[ad ^gei ]tbb
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7>7
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad Egnbd E~tlea [ahu `ld ~dwth~du g egnbd u{gei h{a g ahoa }tbbdx {` ahea g ~`}d aglkbd egl nd g{{geadk, Ud{ {ad dhoa{ {` g f`kd~g{d b`gk !{ahu hbb {gid u`fd jhot~hlo `t{ j`~ {a`ud tljgfhbhg~ h{a {ahu f`zdfdl{( ilddb `l {ad o~`tlk g jd jdd{ ngei j~`f {ad ngud `j {ad fgeahld" glk o~gu} {ad ~`}d aglkbd, Idd}hlo {ad ah}u u{g{h`lg~x" glk f`zhlo `lbx {ad {`~u`" u{~d{ea {ad eadu{ t} ahoa" {hoa{dlhlo {ad b`d~ ngei, J~`f {ag{ }`uh{h`l" e~tlea {ad gnk`fhlgbu ag~k }tbbhlo {ad dhoa{ k`l h{a jhqdk g~fu !l` }tbbhlo(, A`bk {ad e`l{~ge{h`l g{ {ad n`{{`f `j {ad f`zdfdl{ j`~ g {a~dd e`tl{" jbdqhlo {ad gnk`fhlgbu gu hj x`t g~d {~xhlo {` od{ {adf {` }`}, @led x`t‘zd adbk {ad {a~dd e`tl{" ~d{t~l {` {ad {`} }`uh{h`l ub`bx ~duhu{hlo {ad dhoa{,
[ad Egnbd E~tlea
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7>>
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad Kdebhld N`g~k [hu{hlo E~tlea [ahu `ld hu l`{ {` nd e`ljtudk h{a {ad f`~d ~g}hk ‒^`eix&duwtd‖ zd~uh`l `j {ahu f`zdfdl{, [ahu otx hu {` nd }d~j`~fdk tb{~g u{~he{ h{a `t~ ~det~~hlo {adfd `j hl{dlud e`l{~ge{h`l, Ud{ {ad kdebhld ndlea `~ n`g~k {` gn`t{ g j`~{x&jhzd kdo~dd kd o~dd kdebhld, Uh{ t}~hoa{ `l {ad ndlea u` {ag{ x`t~ {`~u` hu }d~}dlkhetbg~ {` {ad n`g~k, J~`f {ag{ }`uh{h`l" f`zhlo `lbx ‒j~`f {ad ~hnu t}‖" gu hl idd}hlo {ad ah}u u{hbb glk b`d~ ngei ~dbg{hzdbx u{g{h`lg~x" {hu{ glk e~tlea u` {ag{ x`t~ ~hoa{ dbn` adgku {`g~ku x`t~ bdj{ ildd, A`bk {ad ag~k e`l{~ge{h`l hl {ad `nbhwtd j`~ g {a~dd e`tl{" ~dbdgud ub`bx ngei {` {ad u{g~{" glk ~d}dg{ `l {ad `{ad~ uhkd, G ~d} }d~j`~fdk {` dgea ildd e`tl{u gu `ld ~d}d{h{h`l,
L`{d3 !l`{ ua`l( Gj{d~ e~tleahlo {` `ld ildd" ildd " x`t `tbk ~d{t~l {` {ad u{g~{ }`uh{h`l ndj`~d e~tleahlo {` {ad `}}`uh{d ildd,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7>5
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad [dl{x&Fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l [ad j`bb`hlo hu dqed~}{dk j~`f ‒[ad O~dxuitbb B]3 Ude`lk Dkh{h`l‖, Hl {ag{ n``i H e~dkh{ Nhbb ]ahbbh}u `j ‒N`kx j`~ Bhjd‖ jgfd h{a e~dg{hlo {ahu odf {ag{ H agzd tudk j`~ xdg~u h{a o~dg{ ~dutb{u, Hj x`t g~d l`{ {~ghlhlo u`fdad~d {ag{ e`ffd~ehgb eg~kh` dwth}fdl{ hu gzghbgnbd" x`t egl utnu{h{t{d g ude`lk ‒Kgx @ld‖ h{a {ad ugfd ltfnd~ `j fhlt{du hl }bged `j {ahu,
[ahu fd{a`k ~dwth~du {ad tud `j g }d~edhzdk dqd~{h`l uegbd" g e`led}{ {ag{ fgx nd ld {` u`fd ~dgkd~u, H{ hu ftea dguhd~ {agl h{ u`tlku, [ad uegbd uhf}bx ~dwth~du {ag{ x`t guuhol g ltfnd~" j~`f `ld {` {dl" {` {ad gf`tl{ `j djj`~{ {ag{ x`t g~d }t{{hlo j`~{a, G b`d~ ltfnd~ ~djbde{u g b`d~ bdzdb `j dqd~{h`l, J`~ hlu{gled hl {ad egud `j gl hl&uag}d {~ghldd" g jhzd fhoa{ nd g u`fdag{ n~hui gbihlo }ged" ahbd gl dhoa{ `tbk nd g ag~k ~tl" glk g {dl `tbk nd gl gbb&`t{ u}~hl{, G `ld fhoa{ nd uhf}bx u{glkhlo t}" fgid udlud0 O``k, @i" u` l` {ag{ x`t tlkd~u{glk a` {ahu ltfnd~ uegbd `~iu" bd{‘u b``i g{ a` {` tud {ahu hlj`~fg{h`l {` {~hf {ad jg{ [ad `~i`t{ hbb bgu{ {dl{x fhlt{du, Dgea fhlt{d `j {ad `~i`t{ hbb agzd gl dqd~{h`l bdzdb guu`ehg{dk h{a h{, [ahu fd{a`k egl nd tudk uteeduujtbbx `l glx }hded `j e`ffd~ehgb oxf dwth}fdl{, Dbbh}{hegb {~ghld~u glk ^detfndl{ nhidu `jjd~ f`~d j~ddk`f hl {d~fu `j }tuahlo ag~k kt~hlo {ad f`~d kdfglkhlo fhlt{du" {a`toa H {dlk {` }~djd~ {ad {~dgkfhbb j`~ h{‘u ‒ud{ h{ glk j`~od{ h{‖ eg}gnhbh{x9 `led x`t e~gli h{ t} {` {ad kduh~dk ltfnd~ x`t agzd l` ea`hed nt{ {` idd} {ad hl{dluh{x {ad~d,
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7>;
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
[ad [dl{x&Fhlt{d Gd~`nhe U`bt{h`l Dqd~{h`l Eag~{ Fhlt{d 7 > 5 ; 4 : ? 1 8 7= 77 7> 75 7; 74 7: 7? 71 78 >=
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
Hl{dluh{x Bdzdb !`ld {a~`toa {dl( 4 !g~f t}( 4 !g~f t}( : ? 1 8 : ? 1 8 : ? 1 8 : ? 1 8 7= !gbb `t{ djj`~{( 4 !g~f t}(
7>4
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
Fdd{ X`t~ Fdd{ X`t~ Gt{a`~
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7>:
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Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo
u{~dlo{azhbbghl,e`f
7>?
¨>=7>
Zhbbghl ]tnbhuahlo