(H? 1,12-8,1) A>? (11,19), ?>=? < > H? ? ? > ? >? S? =P> ? , >? ? J, &= > < , ?> < <=>? F< < , ? < \=>? G], < >>? ?> < \EQ? >?] (H? 8,26-40). E> < >>? > ?=S> < >=? Q?, '?= K >? ? <>? H? < < `, > >>? ? ?> < ?? ?>< < < =. E< ? ?>, > Q>, \> < ?>>> >? < >=? ? =? ? > <<=? >< ?><-W<?. H > ?=> > > > >S-> > < ?>>> >? 19 %?< B<=>>, Te'$'g!a d' N'' Te+a%e&' , &N? #, 2003, 10-11. 21 I?> % %=, \%?, >=, : = > ? < >=?]. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a, RIBLA 22 (1996:44). 22 %=, 44. ] 24. E> < J= . &?, >< ?M? ? ? ?=>? < >=?, ?>>? < ><> < =>? ?-?=>? > < = < >=? =?. AQ, < ? ?> \< <> H? 2,9-11 > ?> ?=? < =? E?Q C>; < =? A, E<=, #; < =? >? < ? < = E> < ? >? < = A?, < =? ?>< %?=. E< ==? ?>? > < ??> ?M? ^= >?> ? < ?, > < ??> \<>?] < ?Q #>?P >, =>, < ?Q < M? < = Q < >? ?> A >?, < ? ?> %?= < ?> ??=; <>? <? C?, G, E?, J &. & >? < ?Q #>?< H? > =>? ?M? < ? ?Q < M?, >? Q < =>? JW \> < ] (H? 1,8) ?=? ?< < > > > . A< <? *?? > < > > Q> > < < #<, ? < I< A>?R. *?? ? <> Q <=>< ? I< > < M=? < >=? -<>?: \La !g$e+!a de S!*!a '*!e&a$ ?>? ?S> < ? ??, ? P > ?<. & < B=? < &> C>. L ?Q >? = => , > ? # <, << > ?>? ?> < ==? ? ?? < > $, <=> > A. La !g$e+!a de A&!')!a ?>? ? < > S> <, < = < =- >R < @ = < > . < < R = @ > > @, @ > O P (CR>, Q/6!a 3 Ca'7*! III, 3,2-3).
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23 '?=M K, \L I< = > `]. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a RIBLA 29, (1998:178-182). 24 # ?<: > ? ? < ? > H 6,1-8,3]. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a RIBLA 22, (1996:120). 25 J= . &?, \L_ G?< H??>]. E>: Te B''# 'f Ac+ !& !+ F!*+ Ce&*/ Se!&g: Te B''# 'f Ac+ !& !+ G*aec'R'%a& Se!&g (E. GILL, D *. J.; GE#F, C?>). > & ? A=P: *<<= B. E=> #<> C?=> G> %, >. ' #>? # C<<, (1994:523).
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18
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%EIE%, I?> %, \%?, >=, : = > ? < >=?], A%e*!c> (%IBLA), >. 22, 1996, 44. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&' A%e*!c> &C"'', J=, \L_ G?< H??>]. E>: Te B''# 'f Ac+ !& !+ F!*+ Ce&*/ Se!&g: Te B''# 'f Ac+ !& !+ G*ec'-R'%a& Se!&g (E. GILL, D *. J.; GE#F, C?>), > & ? A=: *<<= B. E=> #<> C?=> G> %, >. ' #>? # C<<, (1994:523). &I"!, <; BE!"I', A>P, JQ=? C>=? >?: de A&5'c' E(!f2&!' a C'&+a&!&', &N? #?? ? ?: c$*a+ e *e$!g!7e+, &N? #?>: LLE!D"%FF, E, E!'(!a a&d e B!b$e , L?>?>: "? "? > > #, #, 1968. 1968. (*!%!!a , &<=>: IELHAE%, #<, H!+'*!a de $a L!e*a*a C*!+!a&a (*!%!!a , &<=>: &Q=, &Q=, 1991. 1991. !&e*-*e$!g!'+' , % .AA, Da %!++3' %&d!a$ a' e+e%&' !&e*-*e$!g!'+' , % C?>< C?><=, =, %? J> J>?: ?: ?, 201 2011, 1, 29. *""D%FF,, A< <?, \L < P-<>], >: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&' *""D%FF A%e*!ca&a (%IBLA), >. 22, 1996, 71-80.
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I@ @ @ K@ >@ @ , @ @ @ > @> @ @: @ W@ J @ @. @, @ >@ W@/@ @T K@ >@, @ @>@ @ @ J N@, @ @>@ @ N>@, @ @ W@ @ J . D >@@, @>@ J T N> @ @, @>@ @T J >@@R T @. >@ @>@ > >S@ >@>@ W J @ @ @ @, @ @ > I34. E > >@ @ @@ @, >@ @ K J >R > @ @ . E @ @@ J, @, , @>, R J @ @@. " > K J @T @ J @>@ >@ @ J @, @ @@@ , @ @J J @R @T @R. *@ @T, @ K@ > @ W@ @, , @ >@>@, N@ 32C. @ "@ J G>. E% M'd( de% Ne/( Tea&e'( . #, C, 1973, @. 1, . 321-327. 33 @X. A( d( a)9(%(: a( %"be+ad(+a. O@ @: EPV , 1991, . 127. 34 @ @ @ >@ @>@ @ ! *EE$, Ca'd( %a M#e+e e+a' Sace+d(e. E@ A>@, CT@, 1996.
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Liera!ra anig!a
CR> A. Q/6!a 3 Ca'7*!. R> R> > J< >. : G, 1979. H<. E%9+%ca 9 T!5#!)! 3 Ca%c'!a. I>R>, R> > E=< C@ GT=. : G, 1979. J>> . E"!7aca. R> > J< >. : G, 1979. >. Da")% 3 C'*!. A< . L!/c%+a 3 C'%*"*)! . JM=<. Bab%'9)%ca. I>>, > > M= B 'M> E=< C@ GT=. : G, 1997. #. =. M!a(*"*%. I-*. R> >R> J. C. F>M> C . J. C>R <. : G, 2008. #. Fa*. R> R> >R> B<=O ' &=. , G: 1988. '>. L* D*c! C6a!. O: $S, 2007. 'O>. Caa a L/c%'%*. R> << < <P> @ *> R@ '. B<>: E< J>, 2012. *<. E)!%a. I>R> *. CR<: , G: 1992. b.
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B<, -F>N. C9(* ! !c%b! 'a $%*%a !) 'a 6+*ca !' N/!0* T!a(!)*. D=> > > < B<. E<< ("): * D>, 2009. B>, &=>. I)*/cc%9) a' N/!0* T!a(!)*. : , 2002. B>==, GT>. Pa/'/. ': +. K<== *<, 1969. T!a(!)*. E<< ("): * C, +>. E' %(+!%* *(a)* 3 !' N/!0* T!a(!)* * D>, 2011. D<, >. [$< > A@\. E>: H. G> (E.). S/%! %) $! Ac *" $! A+*'!. >>: 'C $, 1956 W$< > A>X, 78-83. E=>, B D. " =>. =>. A H%*%ca' I)*/c%*) * $! Ea'3 C$%%a) W%%)#. " / #: # > $, 1997. K, C<. [UH = > < " =>?\. E>: $Q, A>> (.). E) 'a "*)!a ! '* %(+*%b'!. Ma#*, (6%c* 3 a/(a/#* !) !' M!%!5)!* a)%#/* !) %!(+* !' N/!0* T!a(!)*. CR/: E> < A<=>/ > =@<>-
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J> E> >Q
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C@ @>L > > @@ H > AU> @ > >, >@ @ > U>, @ @ @, @ >, > > @ @ > < > @S@ <S K K @@: K , K K@ @ @ >>, @ > U@ > <L @@ @@ >@ > P@ K > @ L. A >, > > > @ > @ @ U>. E@ , > > > , > @ > K @U@ >> > U K @ > ; @ @ @ >U@ K @ > U>, @ K > S @ >>, @ > @ >@, @ > <@ @ @> , K @ @ > >> > @<, @S@ @ <L@ @R>. # > @@@ K > @ , @ >> > >, ,, L, > > R R@@ K @ L L .. # U U @ > @ @, @ @ V@ @ >@ > , @@>, @ @ @ @ >, K @@ > >S K > @U@, @ > J @ P> R@ @ > >> >, @ > H@ W@: a@ P L @ > @, @ @ @ K L @ > >@b. F@, , F@ >. Pa"ab'a c"a+e: < @, F@, Ab'ac
@ >= @ >= >> @ @ @ @ A > > >K K > >,, > > I I >, I @K, @ >K, J I@ @ I > I *@@ @ @ I @@ @ : @ *, @ = @ @ = = I@ , I@ K @ < >K > @ J . @ >, = @ @ @ >. @, >' >, @ @ > @ @@ >> I C @ @ @; = >@ @ I I >, @ I@ , >>@ @, @, I> -C@ -C@ @ @@, @ I K > , @ L@ @ . + >K @@ @ = , I> I I@ @ >, , @ @, > > @ @ @ @ . @ @ CC@ @, @ >> J @ > @@>, I@ K I @ >>I @ > >, @ @ > @ @@, I@ I > > J @ @> > I@ > >>, K H@ W@ : "@ @ I> @> @ >@". Ke%'d: $@ , F@, , F@ .
06. Lucio Blanco 72:65 09/06/15 9:22 Página 48
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I$'%d*cc!$ *@ > @@ K > # , > @ S> @ U@ @L > V > > U, @ @ @ > K >S@ @@@ @ > >, R@ @ @ > ; > > > K > K @ #@R K > C, @ > @> @@ @ @ @U@ U> V. E @ @ > > >@ @ @U@ > > U, > U@ S@ > @ +U>. @ @ @ U> @ > > U > > J >< > J@ @ @, @ R@ @ @, <> </ , > , @@ @@@@, > @ @@. AP, a J @ U@ K >U@ J. C > K K , K J@b (DE +, 2002, . 459). a#b1 @ > JU@, K @ > @U@ E@> (# 1,13) @@V P >L@ @ > a @ @@2 @ @@ > @ @ @b; , > @ @U@ >@ `S @ K @U@`, > S@, a @b; @ U> @ @@ > . *V@ > @@ R, H @ > T 80-90 (D%%, 2012, . 98), > @ @ @J @ K > > @ @ > @3 , @ @ @ > @ %U@ (64-68), @ , K > D@ (81-96), > > > , V> a>U > > > K > V >b (H%, 1978 , . 204), > > @ @@ . A K > @> @ @ <S L P @@> K @ @ > >K $R, @ > @ @ P K P @ > @ @>, > @@ `R > @ > @ - @ > @> @ (. . > 90), @ > , P @ > J>U@ > @ > @ (C. @ 9), @ a @P@ @ , K P @ >b (CEA##* K #, 2005, . 218). E@ @, > S G>> , > T 100 .C., @< @ > *@ ER (D B@@, > > @> ) @ @@ @U@ >> B= $@, > @ > < K " @ >> @L > U, K > @ > >> P@ @ @ S; > % (@L@, @) K > $@ (<) @ V@, K @ @> > > > K @ @ @ @ > @V > <. \B@ , > *T, < > >>!b ($ACHAD, . 1). $>U@ P @U@, > <S @ @@@ @ S@ . 1 @ a#b H, , a@ @ @ > @ #, > U@ > > ; K L@ @ @ @ @_ E S P @> , > V@ > @: a% >b (BI@, @U@ > % +@ 1, 2002, . 435). 2 E@ > @ @@ @: [> >@? 3 @ @U@ > @J >S, @U K > > @, @ @> > S> %R $SL @ B#A K > @ AE%* ., 1998.
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+ < > > @> > @4 > @ +U> ,5 > @ K > U@ @ >S `K @ >> > > > V`. E @, @ > @ @ @@ > @, @ @U@ @ > @ @@ > <S, > @ > @@ @ K . D >, K @ @ @ > 70 K 135 .C., @ > >> U>, P@ a@@>L@ > @ > >; > S > @LU@ > >b (CHAD, 2000, . 11). a#b @ @ , >@ > > > @ > > @ > @; U@, > K @ V@@ U, @ @ > U->U (CHAD, 2000, . 187). a >>, > @ K @ @ > H P > > >S K > U@ >b (B%, 2002, . 429). AP, @ @ a#b `> @ # 1,1` @U @ @ @U@/> @@ (. R), > R> @@ >>U c@>d, @ > @ cd (B% 1, 2002, . 429). @ U@ > 30 T > @ V, > > @ @ : > @ V @ >R@ (1,1-5,42): > @ <>@ (T 30-32). D >R@ A@ (6,1-15,35): > >@ K > *> K (T 32-48). D A@ (15, 36-28, 31): > > (T 48-60) (CHAD, 2000, . 11-19). A&a'ece Pab"% > @ @@ @ > R H, > S> 15. , [ R a#b @ @R @ @ K @ @ U> @? E A@ @ J>U@ >> @>, > < @ @ U@ , @ @, + @ > @ +U>, @ > > # @ S @, S @ >. # TU @ H @ @ > U@ K > U@ > R@, >@ @ > (@) > @U@, @ > @ P @ > @ @ > *T, K @ > > > > @@ @ >R@ @ H 15 (AE%* ., 1998, . 231).
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06. Lucio Blanco 72:65 09/06/15 9:22 Página 50
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Pab"% "*ca$% a#b *> @8 @ > E@, @ K @@ U; U@ > H > >@. @ P > @< @ @ @ P. H @ @ @ > @ a<S, @ @ + C>b, @ a@ @@@b (21,39; 22,3) K @ @S @ @@ (H 16,37; 22,25.28). A, < (23,6): aK @ > P @ >U@b (26,5). AP, @ U@, K S @ @ >R@ G>>, a@ > J @ > #K @ b (22,3). E@ @ R S aK @ @@ K @ >S S>b... >@, V@ a#b, > @ > > > , > >U @@, V K (17,18), > <S (22,121), @ > @ FR>J (24,10-21), @ > K A (26,2-23). E> > >@ >: @ @, <@ B@R, a@ K b (14,3). E@ # @ a>> , < @@ K @@ S @b (14,8-10). E@ M K A, a> @ @b: @ @ > a>U@ T> @> S b (19,11-12). E@ +U > <@ E (20,9-12). E@ > > $>, @ S a > @ @ > @ K @@V@ T Ub (28,3-5) K > > @> > >, >, a K @S, K > @ > > S@ K @ b (28, 8-9). A@ a#b @ @ > @ *> @ > >U@ E@ (7, 58) @ R> > (8,1; 22,20), K > @U @ > @ (8,3; 22,3-4), @ > @ @ @ @ , @ U@, >P@ a > > > @b (22.20). , [ R R> @ > >?, [S @ @ > L >@ ?9. 7 A $ 6$ ' L&$5 '$ &$$/6 ' $ /$* +56@&$ ' P$%, 5 /%$*, 5 5% 6$ ' H&+5 ' 5 A@565 /$&5 '*$5 ' &='6 (G@>=, 1998, . 20). 8 *> > U@ E>S @ > > > K (1 17), @ > @@S > @U@ *>; > @ @ H 13,1: > V> > > > 6$5 /$565 > > A@ *. 9 E> > > @ > >@ @ U>, K @ @ K. # >@ >@ @ > *> > @S@ @>@ K > L S > @ > > (6,9), K @ @ (FLK, # H > AU>, 2002, . 537).
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06. Lucio Blanco 72:65 09/06/15 9:22 Página 54
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L19 K > > >b (2C 10,10). E V> : a> > >b > @ > > H. C T> @ > S> @ @ : a@ > > @ K > , > R@ K b (2C 10,11). * > @ @U@ , @ @ P@ > : > @ > R>/@ L K > > >, @ > ; >@ > @, , > R> @ @ @@, @ @ U> C, @ > R@ @. > >@ @ > @ @ > > K . @ > @ @ @ K @ @ > @ K . *U> @ @, S@ @ U@ ( > 20: 2C 10,11), K @ @ @@. D >, @ 2C 11,6, > @ '@65 , a@ (@ > >@)b (++E#, FEDCH, B$#E, 2002, . 344), a@J @ > b (BA# K *CH%EDE, D@ EJR > % +@, 1996, . 1948)21 , > @ @ , @ >; @ U@ > G>> (H 22,3) 22. *@ , > >@ @ @ @ > @@, R> @ @ @@ @T > ES, ES @ D, > @ > D @ @ (1C 1,17; 2,12-13). A, R> @ >@ > S, @ R@ > > K >S; @ @ @ >S K >, > > @ @ >; @ @U@ > a@>b > > K @ T R. Pab"%, 4ec'!b0a * ca'a? A > >@ T > >@ @ @S > > , @ G> 6,11: a$ @ P@ @ > > @/Tb. +@ @ @ > K, > , S @ > P @U@ (, 2009). , > K @ /, @ > 16,22: a +, S > S>, > > @ > *T_b. # @ > + @ @ @ > `> @ S@ ` K , @ >@ @, @ > T K >; @ , > @ > > @ K @> > KS >>, @ > >U@ > S @: > @ > @ . @, > S K @> >.
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S%b'e Pab"% fa'!e% aH > @ @ > U JS GP> 1 K @ @> > @, U@ K > @ > <S > DPb (NE, 2009, P. 2). E @ @ > S >. E @ U> >@ > # @ U23 @ @@ @ @ > P @ > @ , J> K @ @ @ V K @ @<, K @ > U> @ @ >@ >> K >>, P @ K @ : aK >, , R@ V @ Sb. \ > _ @P! B!b"!%'af0a C%FEE%CA ECA+A%A DE E#G**. (1998). # A&$ $ P$$%$. L$5 /$5 &/'$'5 (1Z ., >. 3). (C. E. >, E.) , E: C@ BS> D@. A#$A% +**E, E. (..). L$ 5?$$ $%>&$ ' P$%. > 3 E@ 2013, < H: ://III.<.//>-@@@L-@-->--.> AE%* ., E. (1998). E> @ > E@> #. (A. C. +>, E.) R56$ B>%&$ (60), 225 - 243. BA#, H., & *CH%EDE, G. (E.). (1996). D&&$ E*=6& ' N !56$/6 (>. ). (C. L-G, +.) *>@, ET: E@ *S. BA#, H., & *CH%EDE, G. (E.). (1998). D&&$ E*=6& ' N !56$/6 (2Z ., >. ). (C. L-G, +.) *>@, ET: E@ *S. BB#A DE E*A#M%. (1975). B%$ ' J5$=. (. e. BE+A, E., & E. . >R@, +.) B> , ET: D>R BI. B%, A$%D E. (1986). # > > U> @ <@. 2Z EU@. B>, ET. D>R BI. B%##A A., . (2005). H > K +>. (B#, & E. C=, E.) A65 B>%&5 (2), 1-30. B%, . E. (2002). I6'&&@ $ N !56$/6 1. C565 /$5, E$*5 %$5 &$5 (>. ). (A. T, +.) $, ET: +. B%, . E. (2002). I6'&&@ $ N !56$/6. 2 C$6$5 65 5&65 (>. ). (A. T, +.) $, ET: +. CEA##*, . C., & #, . . (2005). C/6$ B>%& M' H5<&, H%5, $6$*, 1 2 P', J'$5 (1Z ., >. 23). (. C. C>>, & . . L>, E.) E> , +J, *A: $@ HP@. C**A%, . D. (2006). E B5&$ ' P$%, I/ ' R/$ R ' D5 6 $ 6 $ 5@ ' $5 $$%$5 /' ' $@56 P$%. (. . AS, +.) E>> (%), ET: E> D@. DE +, H. (2002). E $ '55@ 66 5 $6$. I6'&&@ $ $ +/=6&$ &<5&$, /'$ 5/'$. (D. . B#, E.) *@ R, C : @ BS> #@@. DE+CH, . H. (1767). E C56$5/ D5$'. (E. . RL, +.) %@K, F@. D%%, . D. (2012). C/$' '5' J5$=. E &56$5/ 55 &/5 (>. + / >@ 1). (*. F@P@L $S@L, +.) >> , %, ET: E> D@. FEE, G. D. (2004). C/6$ ' $ >56$ $ 5 55. (A. F@P@L L, D. G@LP>L B>>, E., D. G@LP>L B>>, & . #UL $>, +.) B>@, ET: E> C#E.
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F+$E, . A. (2002). L5 H&+5 ' 5 A@565 I. !$'&&@, 6'&&@ &/6$ (1, 1-8, 40) (>. ). (#. >, +.) *>@, ET: E@ *S. F+$E, . A. (2003). L5 H&+5 ' 5 A@565 II. C/6$ (9, 1-28, 31) (>. ). *>@, ET: E@ *S. G%#A, . (1998). P$% ' !$5, A@56 656*. (. A. #, +.) B>@, ET: H. H%, *. H. (1978 ). D&&$ B>%& A'656$ ' =6/ D>$ ($EA EDCg% E% E*AN# .). (A. D. , E., & G. C. >@ A. +%, +.) B@ A, A@@: AU@ C E *@. ++E#, G., FEDCH, G. & B$#E, G. . (2002). C/' ' '&&$ 6*& ' N !56$/6. (A. @>, E., & C. A. , +.) G@ , : $: # DS. O*+E, H. (1988). I6'&&@ $ N !56$/6. H56$, &6$ *@ ' $ =&$ +>56&$ +56$ 6$6$ ' &56$5/ /6. (. #, & A. T, +.) *>@, ET: E@ *S. O*+E, HE#$+.(1988). @U@ > % +@. H, > K >U@ > R >@S K > > @ . *>@, ET. E@ *S. $ACHAD, A. (..). '+$. > 20 2013, @ > S H > F C@: ://III.>.@/@/>--@->-<K->-@ $E*+E*, C., & #E*, $. (2000). Q' !@. E&65 %>%&5 5% $* ' L&$5. (A. SL, +.) >> (%), ET: G > D@. $E*+E*, C., & F%, F. (2002). A65 '5 A@565. O+$ 5+ '$5 /$5 &/'$'5. *Q >, B>: >. $H-XC%%, . (2008). P$%, 5 +56$. (E. >> KL@, +.) $, ET: *@ >. NE, A. (3 D 2009). B* ' A6 P?. > 9 D 2010, [F > ? ([@U@ a@@b > > H > AU>? ) (109-48): ://>.>./@@@./2009/12/03/ NE, A%+%. (2008). # @ . [CP> > @@ > @ R K J? BP, C>. CS> #. CHAD, . (2000). E //6 ' J55 $65 ' $ I*5$. "$ 66$&@ %$'$ ' 5 H&+5 ' 5 A@565. *@@, ET: E> *> +. +A$E, E. (1991). C6$ 6'$ &'$. L$ 56&$&@ ' $ '5' 5 &'5. *@ R, C : E> DE. AAGE, #. E. (2009). C @@ > HU. E@ AE+E (E.), P$% H56@&. #. AAGE, #. E. (2009/1). @U@ >U > >. RIBLA (62), 9-14. DA#, *. (2007). P$%, ' !$5 $ R/$. *@@, ET: *> +. #+AE. (1825). D&&$ F5@& ' #6$ (>. ). (C. #@L, +.) % =, *A: @ C. *. @ @=>, 2 +-*.
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= , M, =<> , E==> >= =, DK>, E==> = > M> =, E= . Absrac
' > >= > =< = =< = >= > C>= > J<. = B=, = = > = > C > A=>. * > > = < <>=, > L. ' = > <= > = 15 = = >= > >== = =>= > = = >. Ke$#ords: '= >, C >>, C>< > >=,
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<= = = >= . &K > @=, > = <>=,
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60
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, , @ == <> >=> >= > O=. E = H> @ > <= == = <O= = = => > = ><= M, => >=>, <==> > O=. D M, =>=, K<> =. R&K = >>M = , = > ><> >>>, == =<> >= => >? L> =>, = >, ><M ><> = = >=O= >>->, < ( = >>O= ), = > = =<> (=@ L => > <=>) => >M> = > I<>. E , > > = < >, > H> > =<=> =<> ><> > @ > M<>, > @ => ><= =, = *e(*i+) ge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%E)I&'A DE I!'E%#%E'ACIY! BXBLICA LA'I!"AE%ICA!A, !>. 72
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=> <<> > (1C> 1,23; GK 3,1, F 2,8. ), =O= = (%>< 6,6). E= <>, > H>, <= > => >< = >. &O> = > <> M> (2-4), < = > >, = , = > 3 > (2,23; 2,36 4,10) ==> @ >= > M >=. E => @ > > > = H> => <=>== . E = => <=> ><> > >O>. El anecedene de la e"angeli%aci)n pa!lina
> ><= @ <> E==> > C>=> J= = = > > H>, >=== <> @ = => > @ ><O= = = . '<= >= = = <=. >@ = >> = = > >>, = => => == = => <<> => > =>, = = >O=> > >. L <=O= <=> > , <=, = ==> >= =, C>=> , =@ = (H 10). E > >> > > > ><= (H 11,1-18) = ><= > > = =O= H> 15. L>, => @< => =>, => =O= =O= = =, = K> > <> = >-=>@N. E < =O= = J= <= O= &=> ( U<=>V). E= <<> M> 12 > K =>, =K=> M < => > >= = >=> >= M<> ><== @ , , = > =>. E >> >>, @ H>, > > M> JP, >=K O= > . D M < <>=> B= >, A=>@ (H 13-14). E <=> => <O= <= => = > <=>. E EM @ = ><= >><= > <= => => <>=> (H 13,2), >< <= > >> M<>, K>, M<> =>, @ ><=> = <= = = (H 11,19-21). E > >= = = >O= => =<> =. C><= < >> =O= > <>=> JP, >< @ = EM @ >= >> => > (H 1,8). => = =<= > >> >=>> >@ >, => >= >> >, @ H> = <=> = U> =>V. > > =>, = = = @ = ==> > => <=>, O<> = <=>, > < @ == > <O= <=> > @ = =>, = =K< ><= >5. > >, => ><> ==> = >> >> > ==> <O=. >, > =O= > < O= =>- = > H>, > <= = >>, L, @ >. & = > = =, = < =, > > = A=, <== = =
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62
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UC>=>V, => > @ > >><=. > > =>= = > >> M> 14 ><> == =<> = J=, @ < = > => > < > > ><> >. E > >= =<> = , <=K <=> E=> > >= M<> '<> > >, @ >= < = >. La si!aci)n en Licaonia
<>, , >> <O= = A =>. E > = = >K> >=>> > =>, @ <> = =M '>6. E M> 14 >= > = I>=>, >=, @ = >>= =>, ><= = =>. E > @M <<= = @< >=> @ <> >, >= @N =, > > >> >. E @< < = > = >: > = =>. – A=> M> >> (<= <) = <=. – E> >> > = >> M>. – E> = > <= = ><> >= >. – L > ===, == >> >=. – > > (> ) 7. – L = > = I>=> < K<= = <> >= @<, <==> >= > <>=>. D M = L. E >
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%E)I&'A DE I!'E%#%E'ACIY! BXBLICA LA'I!"AE%ICA!A, !>. 72
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= >> > => >. F=<= ><=> =>, = M= >, @ => = = <>= >>= ><= = <> A>, => O =>< J F G<= L, = N> 26 .C. L <>= U &V ><= >= > <=> = I<> 8. D >= <>= U >=@ A=> =>, @= =O >===, ><==<= , > > >=@, ><=> >= >-<= = = > , ><= >= >V9. E == = ><==<= = > > > >, = > => >=@>, <= > > > <=> > <===
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64
!J&'"% XG(E, DK;>> I=;>>, H<>=M, &=<>:
= => >< ><. @ => =>, @ >= K > @ => >, <=, >, K= > =>> = @ => >= <= = ==O= (@ K >= > @ = O=). L> ==> >= > > => = <>=. L N F
<O >= >. A<> >= <> N>, => O > < > >= = = <>, = <<= < @ >= =><> = > K>, = > = ==V 13. L> = O= ("> <> = F) <= >=>M= >, => => = @ >= <>> ><> > = > <> > > @ => >=>= > > = >< <=. L >= , = >, =<= =M= >>= () >=. UL = <=> <>=, <= <=> = > @ = O= = >=. E = K >
E=<> >, >= > ==, = >> >. E >> ><= B= > I>=>, > = L = @< @ => <=O= = => > ><= M = <<. L O= > = = P> (><= W>) @ K > >O=. L O= = >< >> =<=> < = > O= M> = H<>, > >, = H 3,1-10. A= >, > = = = > (> <> = <=>=>) = >=> >= > > >>==, =K=>> >= (=@, ><> N<>, ><= >= <=> => >> > =K>). E > >= >> > > > ><. B= > >>= = O= >== >= > @ 13 'O= > <= <> ">: La) #e*a#%(f%)i) , III, 611-724. H<> > = O> >> >. L O= >< =: ://.>.>//"><>>III#F<>=B 14 '>P, . 48
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%E)I&'A DE I!'E%#%E'ACIY! BXBLICA LA'I!"AE%ICA!A, !>. 72
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<= >= >: >. E > <=> @ > >= = > > , <=, = > =<= >, <>=>M, => >== ==P= <=> => <>= <K=. & O= > = > = > @ < = >K. L> > > (=>, M= &ag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66
!J&'"% XG(E, DK;>> I=;>>, H<>=M, &=<>:
' = = &. E > >==> = <>=> == => ==> J=. > B= = >= = UO<> D> M > > =V. L = K= , I > > >=O= >. A @ M , @ @M >M . Resol!ci)n en Jer!sal'n
E >> @ == ==> > > > >O> >= = =, = << A=>@ &. AM = J= => @ >== > = =<> @ => > O= M<> => '<> (= , =O=). E= , > @ >, = <=, =><O= = O= >=, = == M = @ <>, (> >, M= >). A>, = = > ><> >== = > > ( O= , = =, M<> O>, >= <>, > > => U<K=>V @ = M =>< =>), = = @ = = > <>
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%E)I&'A DE I!'E%#%E'ACIY! BXBLICA LA'I!"AE%ICA!A, !>. 72
67
= (H 15,7-11). E > > @ N >O= = > O= EM (. 8). L> = > >= @ <= =
07. Nestor Miguez 72:65 09/06/15 9:22 Página 68
68
!J&'"% XG(E, DK;>> I=;>>, H<>=M, &=<>:
Los mensajeros $ la cara con el *decreo+
!> => =<> <> = > > >O> U>V, >@ = => > = = <M. !> =<=> >O>, ><> >= > = ; => = <=O= @ @ O=. E >
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%E)I&'A DE I!'E%#%E'ACIY! BXBLICA LA'I!"AE%ICA!A, !>. 72
69
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
E > H> = >=> > >> = = : < >, , =>= = @ = = >= ><=> = , = > <>=M, = > <=> < >=. E ><= @, >=>=> >= <= >O= = = << <>>= <, &=> > @ O= M. E => M , >, = < < > >, => @ =P> => >> > @ @ = <=, ><> >, >=>> =>. > >> >, > <>=> @ M= >> <=> = M= <= &N>M> JP = >= > >= >= > > <=<> >= @ > > U <=>V >= > ==>, = >>=, M= > ><> 16 &> <=>, < ><=> 2' = C%#e$*a(i% B0b"ic% La*i$%a#e(ica$% (>. III): !> '<=>, A. L> (.), E: > D=>, 2003.
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70
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Leif E. Vaage
A!e)ago: N$e%o" De"af(o" Teol)gico" ' Mi"ione!o" Hch 17,16-34
Re"$men
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08. Leif E Vaage 72:65 09/06/15 9:23 Página 72
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Notas # Bibliograf$a FE%%I& B, E<. La( ca')a( de "a 'ei$a Jeabe". E<@ &, & 2007. !AA%% #<, @. L%( A&3()%"e( (*( hech%(. M*e'e( e$ "%( Hech%( de "%( A&3()%"e(. E: AA.. Re"ec)*'a de L*ca(, < D@ B< U B/< 1998. &IEK, C<; D!ALD, +.; 'LLCH, J H. E" "*ga' de "a #*e' e$ "a ig"e(ia &'i#i)i+a. E<@ &, & 2007. %ICH'E% %EIE%, I<. Vida de "a( #*e'e( e$ "a (%ciedad e$ "a ig"e(ia. U$a e0ge(i( fe#i$i()a de "%( Hech%( de "%( A&3()%"e(. ('N #. %<, &D). C< =<<=<. E@ =/N < : C<@ '<N<@ I&EDE', B/ 3. Bibliograf$a complementaria !< D<< B/< I@<, C, "H<@ <@ A=N@<@", =. 472, 475, "#/<", =. 860. D<< I@< B/, C/, "%< I=<", =. 562-563; "H<@, L/< <@", =. 274. B/ E@<, < H@=<, "I<N L/< <@ H<@ <@ A=N@<@", ==. 1166, 1188-1189. %% 95 EN E@<, "H<@ <@ A=N@<@", ==. 1397-1399. !< C<< B/<, "H<@ <@ A=N@<@", I<N. !< D<< B/<, C, "H<@, L/< <@", ==. 586-587. , F., !< B/< , E< #<<, ==. 439, 456-458. %
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33 " = @<@ <@ @ "/< $, $%.ci)., 1998, ==. 59-65. 34 D< G<, $%.ci)., 2007, =. 142. 35 F, $%.ci). 1993, =. 72. 36 Ibid. =. 72. 37 C< < @ =/< @ @ < =@ (H. 21:27 22:23). D< G<, $%.ci)., 2007, =. 143. 38 E@ <@ @ <@ =@<@ <@ @ < <<@ << @@<@ =<@ @. % /<, @=@ <@ =@<@ = > < @ @@<@ @<. "< < <, @< < / = > @ <@ <@ <. D< G<, $%.ci)., 2007, ==. 147-148. 39 U!/ @ D<@ > <@<<@V. C< =< D< G<, $%.ci)., 2007, =. 117.
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40 Ibid., 148. 41 E@ =</ << @<. E =< <@ $< <@ <@. A @< @ </ @<<@ <@@ < @<@ =<=<@. "< <@ @<@ < << @< J@N@. D @ = << E@<. D @@ <@ % <@. Ibid., ==. 151-152.
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E H = AR= > > == JT = P = EP. ' R , > = = > -> > = . N > , = > N= ==; ==P = R = = > = > >. ' >, N =, = >R = EP = >Q. A R N> R = >. 3.1
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= > > = > = = == <, = = = >=, = ( #%). > R = > J=O = = >= (1,1314). E> > = : = >R = EP > = >, > , T = =P = >= (2,1-13; . = .1-2); = %#8#ca > = =P (2,46), = P = >=, >O = ; = > = Q = J (5,42); = = > P = (8,3); > >O = R $=, ==>> > = EP ' (9,10-18). E= > = H = = =R = =, N > = = () '>R , R > (9,43), = = =R = = = EP (10,9-17). E= =, = = (10,1-11,18; C. 10,22-48). C $ = = R, O = R = !P, = > J ! (12,12-17). 9 G K=, C'ed# de& D#cc#a# Te&8#c de& N/e0 Tea'e , DP, G &, !P, 2002, .155.
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#% = > > > R= > > = P > = > . ' = =R = > = EP, = = > ==, = = , > == = > > = > = = >. E= > = = >=> = = = =P = >=; > = = > JT > == = > = = , = <. 3.2
C*+&!a!" '!a ") '!a*
# = > = = J=O = >=. => = R R> = R = =, T H 8,1; = : W O = R= = P = >> > = =? E = = , = = > = >=, P>= = P>, > = = >> (2,46), Q = (3,1); >=P = = (11,2), = , = N (15,1). P > = = = P = P JT = !P. E H 15 > > = = > J=O, = = > =>R P, = == P = (15,5-6.19-20). ' > > = > D; > = > > = R =R = >. A = R, = R= = , = > = N =P (E F=), N = = R , = >> >, N = R = B " = > . E, <"'be &&e de e 2 de& e6#/= == > =O, = =P = >=, O = > >N (7,57-60). = =P = > = R = = J=O, =
C*+&!a!" %")"+&a "+ "+&+
$, N = > =P = N = R = = P >> =R = > P 10 , = N = > =P T . 'T > I= B G: 10 G , La edacc#8 de & e0ae&# 2 &a &6#ca ec&e#a&-U e+/e c#-e8#c , E= D, E== ("), 2002, . 133.
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112
^"GE !A"# !#"(E'DE#CA, !:?::@ J C:> ? H@ =@ AR@=
> > J=O, > = = R (H 10,45; 11,2), =. D > Q. E = 70, = > = >= J=O, > > = =. E = O = = > , = = J=O P => > = = >N >. C = = = J=O, = > R >. > = > > > >, > = A L 11.
E = =P H, = > = > =P >= = == = > >= (1,8)12. $ == = = R> = R, > = = > = > ; O . 'T H, = >R = R= = N JT: =, , = & D (H 2,38-41; 3,1-26; 5,12-16; 6,2-4). E , = N = > =P, P R= = = >, > >R >P = R= >
WCR> T = > > R > P =P? $P = > > = = >. C = >R JT R = R O ( 4,18-21), = EP , => = = >. C = > EP, = > = = > =. > = => =R, = R = = > = > 11 I= B G, Ua #d/cc#8 a &a B#b&#a-&a #'ea c'/#dade c##aa , E= C>, H, 2009, . 86. 12 E C, $ = = " >, E= D, E== ("), 2001, . 111. 13 IP>, 87.
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== = = = = =R. D P = > > = = = >; == > = = = = >. 4.
M&+&"/& a/&*a * )"$&&*a&+ !") E/&
A >: WD O > T = > > H = AR=? WA O N = > >? # >=> = > /e &a 0&/ad de D#. ' H > = EP = 'Q, EP T: = (8,29), (8,39), P (10,19), > (10,45), P (13,4) > (16,6). > = EP ' =. $ , N , > = > > = O= (6,5; 11,24). 4.1
E) E/& "+ )a *+&!a!" " &$"+ a J";
E H, = EP > = > J=O, = > => = = D (1,6); == = EP ', = >R (2,4). AP, = >R ==, == = >N (2,42-47). R > =P > > = = > JT " (3,7,11), = > = JT = C (4,10) = > > = > (4,31-37). E > = > = d#a%6a , >O = = > (5,1-11). > > Q= (5,12-16), = R= Q = J (5,42). " = > = EP > = > J=O14 , , N = 5,1-11 6,1-2 , > T> = >
E"ba+ F")&" * a/&*a *&+&"/&
E= > E => = EP, O= = > = B " = > >N (7,59-60). E = >> P E F= => J, = = D '> (8,4-8). " ==> N = = P =O14 &= A !- A &P C, (), La #0e#ac#8 de & e0ae&# #8#c 2 Hec" de & a8&e e e& #& XX , E= D, E== ("), 2003, . 285.
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114
^"GE !A"# !#"(E'DE#CA, !:?::@ J C:> ? H@ =@ AR@=
, => >=, N = > = = R = = (6,8; 8,5-13) 15. $, WN = D? W%O Q= >?, >P = P = >. D =P = = J=O N = D = >, = EP > == N > = =R = > = >, > = =>R = EP (8,14-17). E= EP P F= , > N= , = P , > = = = = O = E (I 56,3; C. H 8,26-20). ">, = > F=, = = EP = =. B P>, > $= &, = = R 6,1-11,30 > H = =16. 4.3
Pab) P"!/ * a/a!&$*a *&&+"/
R '= $ N > = > = > R = = (1,8). '= N <#/'e e&e#d aa d#/d# '# 'be ee aa, e2e e #ae&#a= (9,15); > $ >N = R = > == P =P = >:
I+)&+ !" ) "/a+'"/
=R = =N = => >. DO = > J=O =>R = $ <"ab6a ead e caa de #c#c/c# 2 "ab6a c'#d c e&&= (11,2), = D, :
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>R >:
E) C+&)&: =D"&&+ !") E/& Sa+ +"/a<>
P = > =, = = = EP O = = > $= BO: = P = >, = =R. WE = = = = ? 'N =R = N = = > C=, > > N <& +/e D# "ab6a "ec" 'ed# de e&&= (15,4). >= = (15,2), (15,5), = == = D > = , . AP :
L"/a *&+&"/&a) a/&*8&a !" H"% 11,19-30
A > H 11,19-30 = > > = > A = P= ==> > . E= = I= A = = R = $ (11,2-3). $ R <+/e e debe c#dea a #'/ a #9 "'be= (10,28.32-34). A = > = = C= (10,45), $, > = =P = = J=O, N = = > = R >, <"abe ead e caa de #c#c/c# 2 c'#d c e&&= (11,3-17). = > J=O = > = => R = D:
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116
5.1
^"GE !A"# !#"(E'DE#CA, !:?::@ J C:> ? H@ =@ AR@=
A+&&a !" S&/&a
' = >N > = I>, O &> A= P, = = R H18 , = R => >19. A (A< = = P), <=R>, P , = 300 .C. '= "N, > = P =O, = = > AP. =R = = >P =O, R >. C $> R A = = 64 .C., A =, > R = > = >R = > '. >N > >==R =, # = R ' = = E, = = >R >= > = =P, R = > = !N = =, = = >N >= = =P. 'T J, = =R P >R = R = , = = = = O= = P> > >20. E H 6,5 >R "=N, O= A, > = N, = R = . A >N , = P > = >= = = A> A= D, , = R AO , R =, == >= , ==P A = P > E21. 5.2
L "a+$")&a!/" %")"+&a
Z P = R E == F, C A, = > => = P (H 11,19). ' = R = = > . E = > P > C C, = = = 'Q JT (H 11,20), = >> P. 5.3
E) a/&*a "+ )a *+&!a!
E= H = > = A: = 'Q, = = D = , > \D N == == N D] (2'> 3,12; 1,66; H 13,11). E= O = > = R > > = == = O. D > = > >, = =R = .
18 JP G= E, L Hec" de & A8&e 2 e& '/d 'a , E= D, E== ("), 2002, . 82. 19 $= &, L 6ee de& c##a#' e A#+/#a=: &IBA, %, &EC, =. 29, 1998 . 38. 20 F.F. B, Hec" de & A8&e-Id/cc#8, c'ea# 2 a , E= " CR, G &, !, 1998, . 265. 21 'T N, A= 2.83.3, 1! 11,41-51.
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A (R = ) ==R P = = J=O. E > > > = = > => = > D. E = , = > $ = = C= (11,2-3), = = = J=O =R =R D :
M&+&"/& /&$&+a! / ) a/&*a
> =, R == == (1C 15,10). DO > = > =, BO R '=. ' = = J=O = P A, WP BO = R = = '=? H >>, '= = = = P (9,22-25), = R P O = = (9,26-30; G= 1,18; 2,11). E= > = BO '=, = = P = >,
C/&&a+ =/ /&*"/a ">
E= H = = >, O > , N > = JT = 'Q, = >> P > Z>[, Z[, ZP=[, Z[22. 'N > = JT: < #'ea 0e3 a & d#c6/& e & &&a'8 c##a= (11,26)23. Z[ ( Χριστιανούς) = = A = P= C () > > . E= >
11. Angel Manzo 72:65 09/06/15 9:24 Página 118
118
^"GE !A"# !#"(E'DE#CA, !:?::@ J C:> ? H@ =@ AR@=
(H 26,28; 1$ 4,16)25. C> >R R= = . II I A (E 11,2; &> 3,2; I!.10,3)26. 5.7
Ca/&*a, *&+&"/& *+&!a! *&! a )a )&!a/&!a!
$, A R= >, >= >R = JT, = C (); >O /a /e0a 'a de eedee c' c'/#dad. H 11,27-30 > > = > = > = > . D J=O A (προφῆται) (. 27)27. ==, ==> A, <'0#d e& E6#/ Sa= (. 28) R > < da &a #ea (οἰκουμένην)=. E= O > = > C=. FF. B > Z >= = = > Y&>, G E, P > JY > = C= (41-54 .C.)[28. A = O, = >=>, = R = R = > Q: 1) >R > , , d#a%6a (διακονίαν), = > P J (. 29); 2) = BO '=, > = J (. 30). E= = > = >R = > ( = EP), = R ( >) > ==> = > (<) > = = >. > A = >, R= > = = , > R > = >N, > >. H = = = >, , > > >N == > = >N. 6.
M&+&"/& a/&*a %
$ = > = > > H = AR=, = = = EP ' >O = = = >R = O > >. E > = = = > ==, = = R =, N > > => = >, T = =R > = EP. E R =R =R = >, = > > = = . W > == U => = > >? W$ > > = , = R =R? W'= = > = > = >25 >O ', , C=. 25,4; N, A. 44. 26 JU &=, Hec" de & A8&e , E C, !. D !P, 1984, . 244. 27 E= = Q: ZHP ==P =P. ! P> , == /X[. P > = =R = , >= = == Z[ (. 16,10), F &>, Hec" de & A8&e , E= D, E== ("), 2009, . 190, O >N = P = BJ, H 11,27. 28 F.F. B, Hec" de & A8&e-Id/cc#8, c'ea# 2 a , E= " CR, G &, !, 1998, . 271.
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= =? WH O = R >R > => > >? W%O =P N = = ? E= > = = EP > ==. E= H > = = = > = EP R = > . A , = >> EP = > => = >=. $ ==, = = > > = > = =, > = > > = =R = > > 29. " >, > = > = EP, =>= R; = > =, > >N >R ==. > = > T = > > = JT = . > > = , =, R =: <C +/e a'b#5 a & e#&e &e "a dad D# &a c0e#8 +/e &&e0a a &a 0#da!= (11,18). G R = > P => = > > > > = , R (10,34-35). > > = , = >P = , = R = . C = >P >, = = > P = =. E = H > = >, c'/#dade d#0ea, >, = = = O = >. = N Z = >T , = > > (1C 12, 4-11)[30. W%O >R = > = > N = >? ". C> R > > > = ! > -== =. > P P = > =O P JT, = >R = P>. E= EP, P R > = >R >:
29 I '>N-A= !-A= DN, L ca'# ##a#. D#0e#dad e &a c'/#dade eea'ea#a , E= C>, H, 2006, . 109. 30 J J. >, N/e0 d#cc#a# de Te&6a , E= , !, 2005, . 120.
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120
^"GE !A"# !#"(E'DE#CA, !:?::@ J C:> ? H@ =@ AR@=
B&b)&$/a#a AGI&&E &-&#D&_GE A, (), E= R H = AR=, E= D, E== ("), 2009. , (), R = = R H = AR= = = , E= D, E== ("), 2003. BA-H- 'CH"EIDE& G, D EO = " >, =. II, E= 'P>, '=>, 2002. BA&CA, +==>, $= = " Y , CB$, E= $, , 1996. B#H" GA'', I=, R = B= Y= > > , E= C>, H, 2009. B#E& J.!. J#'L #[CAAGHA", " > =U, R P, BAC, !, 1998. B&CE, F.F., H = AR= YIR, > , E= " CR, G &, !, 1998. CHA&$E"IE&, E, $ = = " >, E= D, E== ("), 2001. C#E"E" .-BE&EHE& E.-BIEE"HA&D H, D =R = " >, =. I, E= 'P>, '=>, 1987. , D =R = " >, =. II, E= 'P>, '=>, 1990. G#"AE' ECHEGA&A, JP, H = AR= = > >, E= D, E== ("), 2002. KIE, G, C> = D =R = " >, DP, G &, !P, 2002. $IME&# A.-J. !#"'E&&A-F. GA&C_A, GR (B= " H>> II), E=, H, C, E= , !, 2007. 'A!^ IE - !#A ABE - DA'^ AEJA"D&#, > . D = > >, E= C>, H, 2006. '#&"I##, I, CR> = = H = AR= YE= > = =, E= ' $=, BN, 2009. &A!I', F, H = AR= YGP = = " >, E= D, E== ("), 2009. &ICHA&D, $=, P = > A: &IBA, %, &EC, =. 29, 1998:1. &##FF, JU, H = AR=, E C, !, D !P, 1984. HEI''E", G, =R = = = =P == Y -R, E= D, E== ("), 2002. A!A# J JO., " =P, E= , !, 2005. " > =U, JO !P B-JO #VC==. B= = $-A>O , A= 'S<=. " B= J=O, D=O D B. B= D = H, ' BP= . $> = = B=, A= 'S<= J !.
^= ! ! G=-E >=@>=.>
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aE < =<< < < < < K<< < < L << b (GEE*, 2012, . 74). << T< . & T< < X T< . E X
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I&% Rch*e( Re$e(1
A!pec"o! Geopol)"ico! & Socioc#l"#ale! en Hecho! 16 Re!#men
E= Q= = H 16, =Q, J =K M J = J > = S. E P> = S, S> = = >S =Q J = > = = # A, == =S = M J =. =K >P S J M= = > KS = = -S> J ===, = = U = S> " J , Q > = > = S= &= J . & = > == J = =S-=S = S. " S Q = S &=, =S = = J = = S - = - = = Q = ", F=. Palaba!-cla$e!: H 16; =S; =; >Q; I> >. Ab!"ac": * = A 16, < ==
, =JK > = == = , . I > , =J = >, == > =J, > == => = , = A . % =J = K >=- ==-= = = >. I= > > " == >J &= . * = == J ==-== . * &= J = = , == = -> = "' &=. Ke&%od!: A 16; =; =; >J; > E>.
F = = >S >= = J = = S = = () J *Q (), >P > > >Q. H 16, > = S= &= J , = AQ (= ) S = # A, = = A # (= *Q). A = S >, = = I, 1 D F=Q/*=Q = +N = (1990), - C = = +FC (2012), = &+C GM ( = 2000), = = IEC"B ( 1991), C$& ( 2009), J =, AB J CEBI, > =, J >. E>=: @>=.>. & = >S = = () > =Q, > = > J = = =; , > >> J =M > > = = Q=. E > = C= BK K J = D= D G J, M> >= =M S = P> b&e*h1a ]J^, Q >=, = 18-19 >J 2015. *>P K D= > = S = = = =P.
13. Ivoni Richter 72:65 09/06/15 9:26 Página 136
136
I%$I (ICH*E( (EI#E(, A@ G@@=Q:@ J )@:@F=F= ? H@ 16
= J >. & J, , > , > J =Z CM = , Q= > = =, M, =Q, S>, =S, =, P-==, = J P, =Q >= = H 16. > = , = J >> >S, , >S J =. & = = , > = = P J = J K, > = J > P =K =M J =Q-=, J , >= J > = >=. >=M>, = M= = = () = = = , > = = S = = J = =Q2. >== = = > J > = >S = , = = ==KS, = = J S/S, = =S > == =K > = >S J >S =Q = ==, = J >=. E = >P = = == J , J S, = > = , =J = >, = =, = S = > J = K. & = M= = = == = , > = = S P J 3 , >= = S = ( ) = = S>, ==, = J =Q = > U= J . E , = , = J = >S >M >= = J = = , >P J. Pimea mi!i*n po!-concilio
DP = > =, =K =P = = > = = >S - =S = = = J P, = > &=, # J = , = AQ, = > J = S = # A J, >, . E , >P *> (16,1) S = . C , S= &= J = > > = >S = S # (15,40-16,1.19.29; 17,4.10 ), P >P = = () = Q 16,11-18, > = ==, ]^4. 2 >, Q, = Q= _G=Q`, = < (2015). D>, = = = = =S. E , >, () =S =. E= >KS = = = , , =>, = = J S = = E, M >=S = =, >P =S->=. 3 A = _` = M= = Q=, > (2012, . 300). 4 D = , = = = = Q S>, = = > = . A = == ]^, H 16, & (1986) J BJ< (2003).
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" S H 16 = >J = S = >S = (13,1-19,20) J, ==Q, Q>, = >S #, G J A # (13,1-19,20). E!pacio geog'fico & e!"a"(gico-pol)"ico
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` = . *>P = > S = S, > = S S > ]S^ J ==M Q >. E = > S, = A #, > =Q->, > = I> > J, ==, = = = = =Q; , = = = >M =K >S =Q (= I-I .C.). *>P = >S - S = = , = > = >, J &= S Q =P, = *, = C=; P= >> =S *> ( > Q J : 16,1) J = (-: 15,22).
5 E = = .C. = > >P DQ, J Q > 2700 <=S> S; =Q J > $Q, = A (= #=, I<). E== (1987) J = Q= _E = &`, < (2015). 6 " = = Q= = >S P-== = S </A= (2015).
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138
I%$I (ICH*E( (EI#E(, A@ G@@=Q:@ J )@:@F=F= ? H@ 16
E= > &=, , = ] = > J > (ade#f& , = = ==) > = = = R, > ^ (15,36). = M = > = = S >, Q = = (15,23-29) J =, = S > = S = = = , M = S J = > (= , > => , Q > >= = J 7 , = S)8. E = = =, = = = (15,41; 16,5), >M ==M Q >. E P> == J =S, Q : ) = > Q J = = (&= J BP, &= J #: 15,37-39); ) , = EQ /EQ U > > = =KS = = > = &= = S = (-M=) J = (B) A #. E= > = > J = > >S ==Q, M= = >. C , = > = EQ = = >; L= = >S J, > =, = = &= J = (H 2,4); ) > =, = EQ/D >P = >, > R J (h3(a$a; 16,9-10). E = = S &= *: R , > ( a%1() # =>, : ]YA # J J!^ (16,9). *> Q > = >, , = J9... I>>, >, P = R-S, ]> #, =J D Q ==> =K=^ (16,10). A =, ==> = S: ) H, Q = S = == ]^ J D = > R-. E= == ]^10 = = S > #, Q> F= (16,10-40); ) D = =KS > > Q (>S/=S = ; H 2,17). C , H, >S Q =>S ; == Q = S = = = = >: D =S = > R-S = S= &=, J = > > >S = S M ... Y>>! E= J = > =KS. Q = S = == ]^ > =Q S = = = ->, = >S # M = = > =, J => = =S D R-S &=. E _ D` > > > > J, = K = >S =KS. 7 A>= = > ; S= Q > = >= J ; Q . + = M = = = (G 9,4; " 3,17; 7,26-27; 17,10-14; 19,26; D 12,16.23-25; 15,23). 8 E= P> '&(%1a S= = M = =Q, >P = M =Q J = = = J S>, > = > J . 9 E= P> b&e*h1a, J , > S > >, J . (1996, . 670-71). 10 H, > = >Q>: 16,10-40 (F=); 20,5-15 (*); 21,1-18 (C F= J =P); 27,1-29 (> I=); 28,1-16 (#=, J == >).
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En Filipo!
D *, = S $M= (= =/G), = = F=, = >, = = J S= . F= S > > , = J F= II #, = = I .C., >P = > = = =P. E Q = = , > = S J Q K = (, S J >= \ J =); == = = > C / ]>=^. B F= (15 <>) = Q E, = > >, = = II, = # $ = # A J = # AM, = = = I=Q, * J # (= A=, #, G J *Q), = = BK J D, == = #, Q B (I=) J, Q, == >. &= _` >, = Q E = J = C = &, Q = J = (A #). D = > *, , >S Q = = # E $M=, J ==Q, = Q E Q = U=> = = >, = = , H 17,1 (AQ=, A=, *=S), &=, E, J > D. " Q E J = C = & S= , Q > >= J M ==, J >P > >= = >=. E , > = S S >=, J =S > > , =, > > J = >Q. > S J = > Q ==M = K P = J = S =Q J =. D = > ==KS P, = J J >Q, F= > = >, = = = I .C. =S = >=> = =J >, = , , ==Q = > = > >=, J >P =. A = > > ==Q = e)*a*+) >, =P Q = =S S, J = Q = J = SZ " U=/ =Q, => . *>P = = I> >, => =S, > = S>, = =K = >, = J >P = > S = > Q S = Q E J = Q G (E""IGE, 1987). & > = >P S == S Q = > ( 16,26), = S = J S >P = = = . " =, = = = Q G; S S J S >.
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140
I%$I (ICH*E( (EI#E(, A@ G@@=Q:@ J )@:@F=F= ? H@ 16
Mi!i*n & conflic"o! en Filipo!
" = S J >S >M Q = > == J = = J F=. " > H 16,12-40 = == J >Q>, > >P M H 15,41-16,8.1113. &=, =, = (=) (), " J = > == Q, = = J R, = = J , = >, == = J =, Q > = >= = Q = =K. H 16,12-40 (>) . &> = S ==-= = >S, S=, > = >P (16,13-15); P S =/=S = = (16,16-19), = S == = , , S J &= (16,19-39). " >= = 16,40 > = S = =, J >. > = : Lidia & !# ca!a11
E > ==, = 16,12-15.40 = > = M = AV, = =Q-== =Q->, , Q > =, e)*a*+) S = (B%G, 2003; ICH*E EI#E, 1992). *= K = = J >P K> = = > Q = P> U ( ha'a#eg&$e%a) J = U = $ *>, > = Q=, = = >, >P > = P (CHA*, 2003)12. = P> '(&)e+ch1 J '&(f(3'&#) J = =Q = > = =, S> J =Q = , Q > = U Y > J K &= =! E= > = > > = >S H. >, Y , , == == ! C> >, == , J, M, = > = = = M, = = > = = = E= U C, = = , K = ; , = >> =K > = > J = KS = = U = = 13. " S = ==KS = '(&)e+ch1 / > J = P> > S = , = = J Q = P14. = , = = 11 IB"A . 4 , > K Q= H 16,11-15, J = A>P "/B=. D > Q, > =, = > S-P M= J, J >=> = = Q=. 12 D== = = P> > J > > (1992/1995), J =Q. 13 , >=, 13,5.14.42-50; 14,1; 17,1.17; 18,4.19.26; 19,8. 14 * = > = > (1992/1995).
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=K = = J = = > = =/: = >, Q > =, =, =, ., J = M, = > Q = = M. H 16,13 > S-== = P: = >, =Q, Q = > = , >M ==M = '&$e(+$ (M = =Q M= = J =K); => S> = Q , = = S, > = >. & ==S > J = S KM = >, = S > ==, =S M, = S = , S = Q, Q Q , = S J = (16,13). C> >, >P ==Q, = > S K = =, = = E, = = K J = S U $K, = C R ( H 13,14; " 4,16-21). & = , = S, = S J = >, J >=. YH Q! E P> , = = 16,13 = , > = = = >JQ = P J = J : ]J P , => Y= $+!e(e) (e+%da)^! " S = "a*h2de)*ha ]^ J #a#e% ]=^ = = >P , > > > = M , > = > = > M =, J = = = E, = ]=^ = >, J = B $ / , = J = *M. & = , >P . " U Y= > > => >! E = =S , = > M , = =S (13,50; 17,4.12), M = > = >. AQ, => >, = , =, > M= J >S = S J = S = >... " = > S \J \ = = >JQ P, J R , ] = Q^ Q Y=! E , P R = S =>U, > = M = Q =K $%!a% , 10 >. & ==, = , S= >, Q = M, , ==Q Q ]=Q>^ > ... C , , = Q= c&%*(a = , , Y> = P! C , >: => = =Q >M == = S =>U, > >> S J/ P , =>, J : = , = == J = >>, 10 >, >P = R Q =K = = M; R, , >P = > Q =K = = M 15 E >M > " > > S = Q> J =S ]> D^ (16,14), S = > 15 I >, =K : > (1992), =K = H= J B, > , = >.
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142
I%$I (ICH*E( (EI#E(, A@ G@@=Q:@ J )@:@F=F= ? H@ 16
, J = J, = >>, Q E, J >, = M =. & = , == Q = > = ( H 14,1; 15,3; 17,4.11-12, ), = >> = = > M =K. A , +% Q= = $ *> , = > =, = S> =, = = S \> '(&)e+ch1 M J = =S ==\, J X = P? " P >J Q = ; U=> > , > >P = Q> U J &=, =, Q, = >= J = >P Q , = >> > > Q = > (G= 3,26-28; 1*> 2,11-15). " = > J = S > = = M = = > F= > = . C , = _ =S-=` > F= , >S =-==, > = J . E = , > > => J J Q= >, > = J = M = = >. A> (J >) = = > = >P, J == Q , S>>... AQ, >, > " >S =, S> J =. C , Q ==. >U> = P> '&(f(3'&#) ] U^ J ==Q J =J == , =, = S , = " Q > >S J S >= =, J > =, Q = > > e+(&'ea = >, = > = > > )+e#& e+(&'e&... $ > = . " P > = S # J " '&(f(3'&#) A #. B > = >=, P >= M J =M 16 , = : ) S = A #, => = ", J = *, = ==Q Q > c&##ega '+('+(a( , _=` = Q J Q, >P > &"&), ]^; ) = , = J == >>, = =Q M = J = U , = = >> S / _` Q = >> S J = >> =S; ) = >= , = J = >= = = J = P J > J , >P Q ; ) = = U S Q = , > , K = = = =S. & = , P = U = S *, Q = >, S= ==Q J, = >>, J , = Q = = U Q = =, > J = 16 E >= M >> > (1992).
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=S, = =; ) S > J > = J Q J = (), J . HJ Q S =S->=. E= = " J Q = > > J >, = > > = =. I= = = (H 9,43), Q >P > = >K= _Q>` () J =K = >= = QZ *> Q > = >S = Q H 16,13, == = " >, > > S. , , S >J = J >=, =>. I> = " '&(f(3'&#) = *, = = ", A #. & > = S >M = > e*h%"&% (> P), = =, = S , J == >, J =. E => =, , " J = =, Q S Q S =, J = Q = S =; F= , > = . E= S > > " M ( ), =, > Q , RQ J Q = J =, > J , J = >=K. & = , = ( P=) /c&##ega, >Q > = = = >, = Z * = P> '&(f(3'&#) , = = S. & , = >P = = = = , > = >-> = S. A= =, = = >, Q U , Q > = , = = SZ CP Q > = C = & J = Q E, = >J > >S == P. " ", = , > c&##ega/&"&) , = > =, =, = J =. $ = M > >Q J M > > F=, > , > >P Q = >= &=, &= J A= (H 18,1-4), J / S= > = $ *>17. " > , > > == P = = I> >, == = J = . ", = U > = >, = =Q 18 J, = , ==. E >P, = >S =S-=Q 16,15. 17 H 20,1-6, > = = = #, >P F=, ==. " = S= &= = = Q F= > ", J P = = = >K = > E ". E , = > = > = >, ==, J = =S = S= = > =. 18 E >U = AV > = =Q , = S =. E, => Q =S = . AQ, > >= >P = > =
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144
I%$I (ICH*E( (EI#E(, A@ G@@=Q:@ J )@:@F=F= ? H@ 16
E= = S = J S ", H 16,15 = >S =S 16,14: Y= c&(a3%/"a(da " D/R J, = &= ! E = AV, "a(da = =-=, J = >-= > J. & > = KS = = J > = ; _ = = KS`, > = K #Q (" 2,19), >= >, J =, =S, Y K =! E = ", Q (Y_= == > = `!) J =, = = E= J = >, ]== J ^. E= > S= = S, >P == >> J = =S = _` = , , U, = C, Q > R ( K(&)). BK, " > =K >P = = S K . = = >=, = S > = >, = > > = K. C , = : == => = > J . E== = > > =S: ]Y K J J = = R, > J > Q!^, J = Q =J ]J == KS^ ( 'a(ab0d&$a). > = = = ": ) = > = =/ = K(&) U C S =S, => >S =Q=S = =J = = = "(&) > > (] R^); ) , >M ==M = = = > = (== Q > ; ), = P> 'a(ab0d&$a M > > P-=Q: K >M =K = $ *>, S = >> " (" 24,29) J, = S = B= H (), = P> G 19,1. A> > = , J S 19. $>, = P> = > F=. " 16,16 = " J S =Q-== , == = >, >Q = M = =J J = > > = > >K=. " ", , > > S = = J >, M = , , = M =Q (*EGE#A$$, 2012, . 263-300). " Q 16,13-15, , =S> = M . Relacione! de pode eligio!o, den#ncia & accione! con"a Pablo
H 16,16 = Q J > . " => _` = > (]^) J = , = >S = ==Q, = U= J Q > =Q = K = J =. B (1985), > (1988) J &>J (1985). 19 J S = > (1992/1995).
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> => S Q > J = = >, > > . E >P = >S = S ] Q^ (16,18). E= > Q= = J = M = = = >. E = I> >, ==>, Q = = =Q, >; = , = _> ` >. " Q J >Q> = >P M =-==, > = > = = > , = > > > ]> D^ J = >S = (16,16). >. E = > = , = Q = >. KS = M=: == _=` ( 'ad2)"e) , ]Q Q P*h&%^, ] > = R^, ] > S^ ($a%*1+&$a). E= , = = = = D A=, J D=. D = >, A= Q = /S P*h&% , > = J > ; JS = D=, ==Q > / =, ==, J . L Q = Q P*h&% = D A=, = = , K, =K M=, , = = =... C> >== > = P, >P =, > > P . C = > = Q = = = == P, = = ]S^ = , > =, KM = = >=, = K > = = = . E= = > == >, > = ] = R ==^, = >> = =, = =S = = =. D = = I = = = D A= > > = = D=, >=K = S, = > =, J . C> > , = S> J P == =S =, > Q = =S R = = >> > = S> = > =. E= == =. " == Q > J =. & = S, == > => = : == S = =, S =, = (h'a%*0&$a), J = = >>. P= ("a*a"&#+*h1&$a) => = K J : ]YE > D A=Q> (The3) H'))*&)), = = = = > =S!^ (16,17). E= Q= = = > = > =Q-> > = > = D = Q> = M 20. 20 A = >, Q = > D = =S Q, > (1992/1995).
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146
I%$I (ICH*E( (EI#E(, A@ G@@=Q:@ J )@:@F=F= ? H@ 16
AQ, = = 16,20, = = S = > Q, = = Q Q J . E= Q= D, , >M F= Q > , Y= > D ! E > D = > Q => = ]> =S^ = . = > . " = >P =S, => = = = >. & > = = > = . D Q == K . S =P 21 = >. " == => . X& P, , &= S (da'&%1&$a) J =S = Q P*h&% , S>= = = = Q? " = = > Q=, = =, > &= Q Q K = J S = S J = = _`; == = > = S = = ; == Q ==> > = S = , = Q =; == Q ==> = S Q >>... > =, , > = >> > P: = U K = P> da'&%1&$a = $ *> H 4,2: = , = M = *>= J = = S = S= & J , > S J S (3,1-4,1), J >= J > = S = >>. " S = J S = S=, = S J = = Q (4,5)22 , J S = : ]XC P (d4%a$)) J > P ?^ E >P S = S = S = S &=, 16,18. & S J , &= =S = Q P*h&% = =. E > > = . L = = > = =. E > =, = S>= : ] , > , = ==^, Q = P = P 80-90 -=; = , = H J = > = S= &=. U, = S, =U >> = = Q > >=, > >, >Q, > >= J > = ; J = Q = _JS` = =, = = _Q` Q. E Q = = > , > , S = >J = = P. L= = R >, = , = _=K` = S = = R. E U >> , = > , Q = = = = > = 21 E= > = P> h'a%*0&$a "a*a"&#+*h1&$a , = >= _ M ` >S _` (a"&#+*h1&$a), =K = = K = > U (" 5,11.27-28; 23,49.55, ). 22 E = > =, H, > ==, = J =Q, K> J =. Q = =Q = , H 16,19 =Q-== >. C == J >, K (2003).
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148
I%$I (ICH*E( (EI#E(, A@ G@@=Q:@ J )@:@F=F= ? H@ 16
J K >=, M P=, = > =. E , = : = , > = J =-P (CHA*, 2003, . 118), = == = >J >. D 25,11, Q &= = K = CP, J = _ =` = S, P= == = ... " S M , Q > = , >P J > P ==, = S = =, Z =, , ==, > = > = ". " >JQ J >, Q = > &= > S = S= = = =. #J M> = ]=S^ = =Z " S = _-=S` = =, > = = P=, > = =Q, S, S = >> U, . AQ = = S = R, PZ &, XP = =, , = , J =? C> R = , = = > S = = R. C > =, => S = U> = J = ]>=^, == =>Z # =, > = _=` (Y = =!), >P = >= , S M , > = S = Z XCS> = =S? & >Q, J = = >> P J , => = =S = = , >M ==M = , J = = S, > = Y== = = Q = "! E = M = = Q = =, J, = J =S = =, > = . " , > = >= J = , >P = J . I=>, = =, M = \ = F=>S, A J A23 , = == J , = S= > = = = II, = K . E = = = I A &=, = = E>, > = () = = > = = = (ICH*E EI#E, 1992, . 200). A , Y S S= = = J =S = = M> ==! E = >P J F=, = = , = = Q = "; == = J = J = = , = J = > = . >P> =, = -> > = =S = , , 23 > > = = I> >, > (1997), =Q.
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S = > , = =K ", == = F=, J S = > = P. Con!ideacione! finale!
E Q= S = = = S H 16. A =Q, = == J P, = S, >=, S> J == , =K = S , >J , M > = == ]^, = , = Q , > =, = e)*a*+) S. A>P = >S S = P= F=, = > , > > D, = ". E , > > =-= > c&##ega/&"&), K =K J = J = S>, =, =Q, == J, = >>, >P =, >>. % A #, = Q J >Q> >S == P, > = C = & J = Q E, = >> > > = Q &= J >. E = " =K J >= , J >=KS = =. D>P = F= , > =, == =S ==-M, J Q, = >, > RK, >P J U . E = J = ", , J = , = , =S P=, S = >, > = = = = . D = = S >, &= S J = = Q P*h&% = = = =. C = S ==, K > > = , = = >, >P =. A J >= = S = = =, > > > , M= J S. $> S = = J , = >K = &=, = =S J = =S = . A = , , = > S = ", K > =, == J ==. AQ, = " > J > ]= U ^, = J = S >=> . E= = P> ade#f& / ]>^, 16,40, = = > =, = = S " J , = S = = J . E S = Q, > > M. " M> > > H: = = > = P >> J =K, >. E= >= == ]>^ > = =, S >P Q = = R U. E= =K, , >S = K= J = ", =Q> > >P 16,40.
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E P> S S = J >> =Q-= , = = S->P K S, J => = ->, > = J = =S-=. # = = = , , >, S J = =Q = = " J > > = >> = = ; = > = = > =R J = Q A>P "; J = = = = >S = P R > J =K... P K >M Q=, = E >= = = = = J >> = . A >= ", = =, J >> = KS = > =, =, S> J ==, = S = , >... YP = = V = = R J = Q= J >! B =/C, 2015, > P = 127W = "J a > = A=S = E= B=.
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Refeencia!
B%%*E$, B . W&$e% Leade() % *he A%ce%* S%ag&g+e: = E B< I. C: B", 1982. (B , . 36). B%G, >=. HJ J A \ >= J? * ]^ , = , = HJ. I: &E$$E, *; A$DE *ICHE"E, C= (E.). C&%*e*+a#%g Ac*): "< -> . A=: J B== ", 2003. . 257-283. (J>> , . 20) E""IGE, . Pa+#+) % G(eche%#a%d. &=, *=<, A, . , 1987. AE#E, . (E.). Mae%a Mae%ad), d), Ma(* Ma(*(), (), Ma*( Ma*(&%), &%), M&%a) M&%a)c*c) c*c): < >` = G-> =. =. &==, 1988. 1988 . &ECH, =. De A'&)*e#ge)chch*e (A 13-28). $<: $<-BK =, 1986. (E /2). &%#E%, B. F(a+e%#ebe% $ "#a)))che% A#*e(*+$. : T T,, 1985. (T *, . 461) ICH*E EI#E, I. " = = S =: P = &= F=>S, A J A. Re)*a de I%*e('(e*ac3% . 28, . 66-80, 1997. A= A= : :// ://.=B2b#ca La*%& A$e(ca%a , , . ./=/=20= ICH*E EI#E, I. F(a+e% % de( A'&)*e#ge)chch*e de) L+"a) : >-= E. # EV " . GV=: GV= = G #, 1992. 1 992. (* = =P 1995, F &) CH$EIDE, G; BA", H. Dcc&%a(& eeg1*c& de# N+e& Te)*a$e%*& I. * C K-G. =>: Q>, 1996. CHA*, . * *= G< $= A. I: &E$$E, *; A$DE *ICHE"E, C= (E.). C&%*e*+a#%g Ac*): "< -> . A=: J B== ", 2003. . 103-133. (J>> , . 20) *EGE#A$$, =. Je)+ Je)+)) e )e+ *e$'&. *S + . O "=: =/E*,, 2012. =/E* II&EDIA. A%a*3#a (=K = 18/03/2015). D= : ://.<./</A=, = 17/05/2015. II&EDIA. Ca((e*e(a Rea# Pe()a (=K = 11/01/2015). D= : ://.<./</C=&, = 17/05/2015. II&EDIA. Ge&'*ca (=K = 14/04/2015). D= : ://.<./</G=, = 17/05/2015.
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Re+e5a+ OTERO, A*3$"' de Sa&'+. Los Evangelios Apcrifos: C'$ecc"& de e/'+ *"e'+ $a"&'+, e*+"& c*"ca, e+d"'+ "&*'dc'*"'+ "&*'dc'*"'+ c'%e&a*"'+. Mad*"d: B"b$"'eca de A'*e+ C*"+"a&'+, 2006. A =?= /0 > >0/ /0 0= =>?, > 0>=?> =0>> /> =>?>, 0= =//> 0 /> /0=0?0> /0=>> //0>. E>> ?0?> 0= /> : E0> A=>. A=>. A=, 0 0 >0?/ 0? /0 =, =00 /0 =0 άπ άπό ό κρύ κρύπτω πτω (apo kr kript iptoo), <0 > oculto, secreto, escondido. L = L> E0> A=> /0 !&E$! > =0>0?, > /0 ?=> ?0?> ?0?> =>, 0 E0 S=0 /0 I, <0 =0? / 0 >?0= /0 J0>>. D0?= /0 0> == 0>? >? /0 > >, /= J0>> 0 =0?= /0 > > > ?0== /0 =0, /0> /0 >/ /0 J>, M= 0 =0 / = E?. E ?0//, >0 0 ?=, 0 ?= = 0= ?/ = /0>= > => <0 >0 /0>?, 0>0?0, > =? /0 > /0?> /0 >0? > /> 0 >?0=. %0 >00 > => => /> Sibilinos 0 Ius Pontificum. E?=0 > =>?>, 0>0 ?= 0 ?/ = /0?= 0=?> 0>=?> ?= 0= /0>/ <0 ?=? /0 ?0> >, 0>0 <0 =0>0? 0=? >=//. = 0>? =, 0 ?= ap$crifo 0 ?0 >= 0>=? >>0> /0 0=0 , 0 00=, =00/0. A> ?=0> //0 > => /0 0 &0>?0? &0>?0? 0 >00>, !&E$! 0> /0=0?0 0 <0 0 0> /> 0 4 (?=) >00>: 1) Te!tos fragmentados: > =0>?> /0 ?0?> => <0 > /0= > => /0 0>=?=0> 00>>?> /0 =0= >. A> =0?> =0> <0 0= 0?=/> =00?00?0 0 E? 0 0 /0 0>=?> /> /0 J0>>, <0 =00 0 > 00> >; 2) Ap$crifos de la Natividad: E>?0 0> 0 =?00 /0 %? > =00>=?> ?> /0 0>0 00, / >0/ M?0 D0 ?// /0 M=; 3) Ap$crifos de la Infancia: 0 0>? >0, 0 ?= =0>0? 0 >0/ &> =0, 0 E0 S=0 /0 I, H>?= /0 J> N0 =?0=N, E0 A=0 /0 I, 0 E0 L? /0 I, 0?=0 ?=>; 4) Ap$crifos de la pasi$n, descenso al infierno " resurrecci$n de Cristo : E0 /0 0/= N0 !&E$! =0? ?<>, 0 0? =0/0/= /0 ?> 0 E0 /0 B=?0. E E0 S=0 /0 I, 0=?000 >0 /0 > A=> /0 I. A =?= /0 ? 7 =0?, />, >? /0 > >, /= J0>>, 0 =0=0> /0 > > > ?0== /0 =0 >/ /0 J>, M= 0 =0 / = E?. %=0 0 ? 7, !&E$! = 0 >> >/0=0> <0, /0=0 /0 ?0? <0 =0/? =0 /0 0? /0 M0>> =0? M<0>, 0 0 ?0? = 0> > =0 0> ?=/ +=>?=. +=>?=, >0 0 >=? =0? /0 > III, >0=/ 0 F=0, 0 =0 0 /0= <0 =0 /0 /= <0 >0= >=/ = > /> <0 0 >= 0. E > 0? =00= 0>?=0 >0 = > M> >? B0 /==, , =0 /.
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E+e&"'+, e+'+ de+c'&'c"d'+. BOCCACCINI, G. Além da hiptese essênia: a +e(a*a' d'+ ca%"&!'+ e&*e Q%*a& e ' #da+%' e&)"c'. S' Pa$': Pa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pesharim). C 0>? 0 0?0, B 0? => <0 =00=/ =0->?= /0 >0?. L> ?0?> > 0/>, 0?0>, 0 == /0 > => >0> >0?0>. E> =0->?= =?0 /0 E0<0, >0 /0>/ 0 /> 0>: 0 <0 <0 /0 ?0=?= >/?, ?=, =0, =/ = > => L= /0 > ?0>, L0 A=0 L= A>?= 0>?> ?0> /0 0=/ /0 > M0>. L ?0=?= >/? 0>? =/ = = /0 ?0?> 0/>, 0/?/> ?=>?/> /=?0 0 0=/ 0=> 00>?, = > ?=//0> /0 ?0 /0 J0=>, 0 > >0=/? /0 > /0 %/. E>?> ?0?> >0= ?/> ?=??> >=/> 0 > /0?> >0?=> /0 #=, >0/ =0>0=/> =0>0? /0. L >?= /0 ?0=?= 0? 0> =0 ?0=?= >/?. E = 0= /0 >=?> 0?> 0?=/> 0 #= =00= 0 / /0 <0 // >/0= 0>?> => ? ?=??> 0= > /0?> >/?>, =0>0=/> 0 > =0>0? /0. E>? ?0=?=, >??0, 0> 0 ?0>? /0 <0 0>? 0 0 0=/ >/? ?=/ >0=/? /0=>= > /0 %/. %0 > >/?, 0 ?0 /0 J0=> =0=0>0? 0 0?= /0 >>, /0?0=/ > 0 0 /0 >?// /0 0=>. L =/0 /0 / =0>/=, 0?0>, 0 =0>0= /0 &= /0 M>> 0 0 ?00? /0 ?0.
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L 0 /0 > ?=0> 0?> =? /0 ?= ? /0 >?, 0 /0 =?= > >=0 0 =0 /0 . %0 >?0, 0 ?0/= > 0>> 0 =00 /0 = /0 00> <0 />0= 0 =0 >=0 ?0==. =?0/ /0 0>?0 ?, 0 = 0?0/ <0 ?=// 0/ = > /0 %/ 0= >=. E>?0 = = 0?0?0 &= /0 M>> ?0 /0 J0=>. = 0>?0 =, 0>? >0=/ =0-/, =00/ 0 0 0=> /0 E. C 0>, 0 /> 0? > > >0==//, = >0= > ?, > ? =<0 > //= ?0 = 0>??> <0 > = M>>. E ?0> /0 0/ /0 > 00>, =, 0 ?/ = D> 0>? 0 > 0>, 0 ?? /=0? =00 /. L >0= /0 0>?> /> => =00 0= ==/ /0>> /0 0. L> >/?> 0?0/ <0 =/0 /0 D> /0 >0= =0>?=/ /=?0 =0>?= /0 ?0 /0 J0=>. E = 0? 0 =0>?= 00? ?=, /0 /0>0> >>. B /0>=0 0 0=/ =? /0 // /0 #= =?= /0 /> => /0 ?0?>: = / 0>? D0, = ?= > /0?> <0 /0>== /0 0/?: L= /0 > >0>, J0>, $ /0 &0, =?-E>? /0 E C=? H<. E>?> => 0>? =0/> > ?0> /0 ? /0 > M0>. D0>> /0 0==, 0?=> <0 > A>0> >/ > /0= 0 J0=>, 0 /> 0? 0= <0 /0?= /0 0, 0> 0= =. E >> : /0 0 0?0= = =?= <0 >0 0=?0 0 0 /0>??= /0 =00 0>0 /0 D>. E> 0 /0 /0>== /0 /0?// >0=/. = /0>== 0> >0=, B =?0 /0 C=? H<. D0 0 >=0 /0? /0 ?=>, 0 D0? /0 D>, <0 ?= =0 /0 ?0=?= =0?0 >0?= /0 #=. L ?=/ 0? ?/ ?, = =0 // >0?=, => E>? /0 E, 0 &0>?0? /0 > D0 ?==> > %?/0> /0 E. E /0? /0 ?=>, CD, 0> 0 = =0> /0 > =00> /0 #=. E>?0 /0? ?00 /0 000?> =0->0?=> >0?=>, >?00?0. F? 0 > ?=> =0?0 >0?=>, 0 >> 0 0 /0?0=>. E /> ? 0> =000?0. E>?0 /0? =00 = <0 >0 > /0 / /0=0?0 /0 /, 0= 0?0?0 >/ /0 / > /0 > >??0> /0 I>=0. %> 0=> ?/ 0 0 //0> >, <0 >0 >0?0 >0=/> /0 =0>? /0 > /> 0?0>. E> = = 0>0, >0/=0> /0 M0>?= /0 J>?, /0?= /0 0? 0?. E 0>0 >0?/, 0> = 0?0 0?=0 0 0? 0? // >0=/ /0 #=. A=0?00?0, > 0=?0 =0 0> /0 0 /0 =?0 /0 > ?=//0> /0 ?0, <0 0 > ?=// 0/. L ?0=?= >0?= /0 #= =0>?= 0= /0 0=>0 /=/ = > >0=/?0> /> ?= 0 M0>?= /0 J>?. E>? ?0=?= ? /0>=0 >?// 0=0?/ = 0 = /0?= /0 = 0? 0?, /0>=? = ?=/=0>. >00?0 0 ?/ 0>? >?//, /0?= 0= /0 0? 0?, <0 00= 0 >=0? /0 // >0=/ /0 #=. L> >0/=0> /0 M0>?= /0 J>? /0/0= /=>0 /0>0=? == 0?. E 0>? /0 / 0>? 0 0 /0? $0 /0 C// (1#%).
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L 0 /0 // /0 #= /0 >0// / /0 0? 0? =0= > 0?> /0 00 /0 =0/0>? //. E $ /0 G0== /0>=0 0>0= 0>?, 0 0 ?/ I>=0 0?= 0 /0= /0 // /0 #=. A , D> > =0= 0 =0>? /0 I>=0. E> > <0 0 0? /0 I>=0 ? > /<= >0?/ = 0 = /0 > ?0>. H>? 0?0>, > 0> 0= 0 =00?0 >?, 0 0 0>/. E 0? 0? ?, >, = =0>0== 0=?/ /0 > 00> =00/0>, /0 > >0=0> > 0 0>0=, /0 D> 0 >=. * // /0 #= >0 /0=0?0. D0 <0= =, > => /0/0 =?0?0 == ?// /0 ?=. A =?= /0 0>? >?0>> /0 > ?0/, >0 0? > 0>?0> /0 >>. L >0 /0 ?0>> /0 B, 0>?0 /0 = > /0/ /0 0? 0>?0/ /0/ 0?, 0> > =/00?0 =>?. L <0 >0 ?00 /0 =0? 0> 0>?0 /0 => ?0== ?, > ?0> 0?> 0 , 0= 0> =0 =0> 0?=0 > => 0> ?/ 0>? 0=?. A 0>= /0 <0 > =0>0? 0> 0?0, 0 0> =/00?0 /00/0?0 /0 >0?> =0>, /> /? /0 > ?0?>, = 0 0= =0>0=/> ?0==0? /0 /0?0=/> >0>. % /0 0>?> 000?> 0>0 ?0=/, ?/ >?= ==/ = B 00>?= >0= =00>=?. C ?/, >/ ?=/ /0 0>? = = > 0?=0> /0 0 =?0>. E>? = > 0 0 ?? ?=/0> =0>> <0 0= =??0> = 0 >=0? /0 /0=>> => />, 0?=0 > <0 >0 0 0? /0 J0>>. ?= A> M=/2
F*"$"&'+, C*"+'(!e* A. Spectacles of Empire. Monsters, Martyrs, and Book of Revelation. P!"$ade$(!"a: U&"e*+" 'f Pe&&+$a&"a P*e++, 2004. C=>?0= F=> 0> =0>= 0 0 /0=?0? /0 $0 0 '0=>// /0 E>?/ /0 M. E D=. F=> 0> 0>0>? 0 =00> =0-=> /> =>?> ?>. Spectacles of Empire 0> > =0= =, 0 0 >0= 0 00 /0 espect#culo 0 0 A>> /0 J. E ?= 0?= /0 > 00> /0 0>? = 0 0? /0 grotesco , / = > 0?=0> /0 B6?, > ?0> /0 > />> =0/> A>> /0 D>=>, =?= /0 > 0> 0> >0 0== > >??0>, =0//0> //>, > />=>> 0?=00/> 0 > =00> /0 /0= (. 9). E 0 ?0?, 0 ?= 0 =/ 0>, 0 > =0=> >, /0 0= > 0>?/=0> 0=> 0=0> 00= 0 A>> /0 J. E 0>? =?0 /0 ?= 0> >0 0== 0 A= L? 0>?> 0?=> 0= =??0>. F=> 0>?= <0 0?0 = /0 >= J 0= ?=?/ ?0? /0 0. E A>> =00=, 0 0>0 >0?/, // ?>, 2 F?/ B?>? /0 $ /0 J0=. ?==/@.
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