I nt r oduc t i on Manobo i s one of t he t ypi calI ndi ge nous Peopl ei nt he Pr ov i nce of Buki dnon and a one ofi t s exi st i ng se ve nt r i bes.The Manobo i s a Negr i t o mi xt ur eand r ese mbl est o havesma mal lbodi es,dar k ski n,and cur l y hai rwi t h br oad and flatnoses.These peopl e ar e nat i v e sf r om t he muni ci pal i t i e s of Pangant ucan,Kal i l angan andKadi ngi l an.Ot her sl i vedi nDonCarl os,Ki t aot ao, Ki bawe,Quez onandDamu mul og( Spor kbot ,2014) .TheMa Manobomos t l yi nhabi ti n t he hi nt er l andsofBuki dnon,Cot abat o,Dav ao and Mi sami mi s Or i ent al( NCI P, 2003) .Hi nt er l andsar et hoseareasw wh hi char enotcl oset oanyci t i esort owns. Dat u EnsubayS.Tal i san,67ye arsol d,oneoft heEl der sofManobosai d t hatt hei rf ol kt al eshad avari ouski nds.Theyhad anci entt al esaboutani mal s l i keEYAN ENE ED TATAMORON TE BUTI TI( TheTal eofBut i t i ) ,her oe sand her oi nes l i ke ENE ED TATAMORON TE TULALANG ( The Tal e ofT ul al ang) , ki ndness,evi l ness,st upi di t yandf at e.Headdedt hatt heseaccount shad been f ormu mul at ed t hr ough oralt r adi t i onalnarr at i ves f r om t hei r ancest ors,a ri ch her i t age whi c h wer e pass ed t ot hem as desc endant s.Unf or t unat el y ,some me y oungpeopl eoft hi st r i bear ee mpt yaboutt he sehi s t or i c alaccount s.The yar e o cc upi e dwi t ho t he rc ul t ur alquo t i e nt sduet oc ul t ur ali nt e r ma mar r i ag e . “ Di g i t alBo ok i sa bo ok l e ng t h publ i c at i o ni n di g i t alf o r m, m,c o ns i s t i ngo f t e x t ,i mag e s ,o rbo t hr e adabl eonc omput e r soro t he re l e c t r o ni cde v i c e s . ”Thi si s
a vi r t ualst r uct ur eofa pri nt ed book t hatwas cr eat ed by scanni ngi t spages whi l econv er t i ngt he mi nt oacor r espondi ngpagei mage st hr ought hepr ocessof di gi t i zat i on.I tusesa speci fied sof t war et o make t hecont entaccessi bl e.The s pe c i fics o f t war ewi l lpr e v e ntt hec o nt e ntf o ranyat t e mpto ft het e x te x t r ac t i o n asawayt opr eserv et hei nt egri t yoft heaccount s. The way ofcomi ng up wi t h a di gi t albook i st hr ough t he pr ocess of di g i t i z a t i on.Di g i t i z a t i on i nv o l v e ds i mpl edat ac onv e r s i on f r o mc at al ogcar dsor papert odi gi t alf orm ( Fabunmi ,B. A. ,Fabunmi ,M.andPari s) .Thei rs t udyhad e s t abl i s he dt hatdi g i t i z a t i o n wasas i g ni fic antt as kt omakeav i r t uall i br a r y .I n 2008,Ceynowaacqui r edabi gcol l abor at i onwi t ht hebi ggestsear chengi ne,t he Googl e,wher eheobt ai ned a di gi t alcopi esofl i br ary r esour cesf r om i t shard copi esf ori nt ernetoffer s.I n 2007,Hahn pr evai l edt heseri ousnessofadi gi t al bookmai nl yf orpr eser v at i on.Hehadal s opr esent edt hequal i t yoft hi sout put , ani ni t i at i v et hatg a v ea war e ne s so fi t spo orp r o duc t i o n.
g ni fic a nc eo ft heSt udy Si
Di gi t alBook i s a subst ant i alout putt hati s made t o pr eser vepr i nt ed bookson adi gi t alf or m.Thecol l ect i on andt hedi gi t i z at i on ofManobof ol kt al es i mpl i ed afirm wayt opr eservet heri ch heri t ageofi nt el l ect ualpr opert yoft he
Manoboasa cont i nui t yofcul t ur alandhi st ori calmemory .Suchaccount swi l l bet r eat edwi t hf ul lofr es pect ,i nt e gr at i ngan i ni t i at i v et oempowert hec ul t ur e. Mor eov er ,t hi sout putcausesan i mpr ove mentoft heeffici encyofi nf ormat i on se ar ch mec hani sm wher ei nt he t i me ofa par t i cul arr es ear cherwi l lnotbe i sol at edonscanni ngandski mmi ngaphysi calbook.
Pur po s eo ft heSt udy
Ther esear c herc hose st ocol l ec tandt odev el opadi gi t albookofManobo f ol kt al esduet ot heext entt hathehadoncel i vedwi t hsomeoft hesepeopl ef or t hr ee( 3)year si nt hei rcommuni t y .Havi ngan experi enced t ol i vewi t ht hem, t he r es ear cher had l ear nt some oft hei r sys t ems whi ch i ncl udes cul t ur al norms,pr act i ces,bel i ef s,t r adi t i ons and mor es.The r esear cherhad a cl ose r el at i onshi p wi t ht hem,bel i evi ng t hatmaki ng t hem as r espondent s oft hi s st udywi l lcausenodi fficul t y . The Manobo f ol kt al es hav e di s t i nct i on f r om t he t al es oft he ot hersi x t ri besi nBuki dnon.But ,t hei nt el l ect ualpr opert yofManoboi st r eat edbyt hem assacr edandmustnotbedenounced.Ast ot r eati twi t hr espect ,t hei sol at i on oft hi sout putmustbei nt heUni ver si t ydomai n onl y .I twi l lnotbeoffer ed i n t hei nt e r ne t .I tc oul d beus e di nt hi si ns t i t ut i o nf o ri ns t r uc t i o n orar e f e r e nc e f o rmi ni r e s e ar c he sc onc e r ni ngabo utc ul t ur alac c ount so fnat i v ec ul t ur e s .
Thecount erpur poseoft hi ss t udyi st ogi v eawar e nesst ot het e ac her s, anynont eachi ngper sonneli n Buki dnon St at eUni ver si t y( BSU)andespeci al l y t oal lt hes t ude nt soft hi si ns t i t ut i on.Thi swi l lc r e at eav i s i ont ot he m ofha vi ng a cl ose r el at i onshi p wi t h nat i ve i ndi vi dual s especi al l yt he Manobo whi l e enri chi ngt hei rval ueofr espect i ngsuch cul t ur eand f ort hem t oadvocat et he i nt e gr at i onofe qui t y .
Obj e c t i v es
a.t oc ol l e c tManobof ol kt al e s b.t odev el opt hecol l ect edManobof ol kt al esi nt oabook c .t ode v e l o padi g i t albo oko fMano bof o l kt al e s
Fr amewor koft heSt udy
Thi s ar ea di scus ses how t he wor ki s done by t he r es ear c her . The r e s e ar c he rwi l lc o l l e c tMano bof o l kt al e st hr o ug hr e c or di ngandt r ans c r i pt i o n.T o makeabooki nt oadi gi t alf orm,t hi sst udywi l lusedt heappr oachpr oposedby Ambat i ,Jawahar ,Pr at ha and Sankar i n 2008.Thi s appr oac h was cal l e d di gi t i z at i on. Fi gur e1showst hesc hemat i cdi agram oft hes t udy . Fr ame wor k
Col l ec t i on
Dii t i z at i on
Recordi n
Tr ansc r it i on
Audi oOutut
Tr ans l at i on
Book Scanni n
Encodi n
I ma ePr oc es si n
Pr i nt i n Cr opBi ndi n Book
Smoo t hi n
De -
Deskewi n
Dii t alBook
Fi g ur e1.Fl o wc h ar to ft heFr ame wo r ki nDe v e l o pi ngaDi g i t alBo o ko f ManoboFol kt al es
