UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL First Trimester School Year 2017 – 2018 2018 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY REVIEWER LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY • Literacy: Literacy: The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals, develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community commu nity and wider society. • Media: Media: The physical objects used to communicate with, or the mass communication through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to any physical object used to communicate messages. • Media Literacy: The Literacy: The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing pr oviding them with the competencies (knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies. • Information: A Information: A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols. • Information Literacy: The Literacy: The ability to recognize when information is needed, and to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats. • Technology Literacy: The Literacy: The ability of an individual, either working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools. Using these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information. • Media and Information Literacy: The Literacy: The essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to engage with media and other information i nformation providers effectively, as well as develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active citizens. communicate including mass media (radio, television, computers, film, etc.). LESSON 2: EVOLUTION OF MEDIA Pre-Industrial Age discovered fire developed paper from plants forged weapons & tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron Industrial Age used the power of steam developed machine tools established iron production, and the manufacturing of various v arious products including books through the printing press Electronic Age invention of the transistor harnessed the power of transistors led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers Information Age Internet Microelectronics: personal computers, mobile devices, & wearable tech digitalized voice, image, sound & data • • •
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LESSON 3: INFORMATION LITERACY Plagiarism: Using other people’s words and ideas without clearly acknowledging the source of the information Common Knowledge: Facts that can be found in numerous places and are likely to be widely known. Paraphrase: Using someone’s ideas, but rephrasing them in your own words. Although you will use your own words to paraphrase, you must still acknowledge and cite the source of the information •
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Stages/Elements of Information Literacy A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
Identifying/recognizing information needs Determining sources of information Citing or searching for information Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information Organizing, storing or archiving information Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way Creating and communicating new knowledge
LESSON 4: TYPES OF MEDIA
A) Print Media: media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process, that is traditionally mechanical B) Broadcast Media: Media such as radio and television that reach target audience using airwaves as the transmission medium C) New Media: Content organized and distributed on digital platforms •
Media Convergence: the co-existence of traditional and new media the ability to transform different kinds of media in digital code • •
LESSON 5: MEDIA AND IFORMATION SOURCES
A) Reliability of information - Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated B) Accuracy of information - Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. C) Value of information - Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions D) Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. E) Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired LESSON 6 MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES Camera Shots and Angles
Abbreviation/ meaning/ description/ effect: ECU – extreme close up of eyes/face: aggression, discomfort CU – close up of head/reaction: intimacy CU head and shoulders – 2 – 3 people MS – medium shot: to waist, 2 – 3 people
MLS – medium-long shot: full-body normal view LS – long shot: room, normal view ELS – extreme long shot: house, establishing the setting ES – establishing shot: city, establishing the venue
Low angle: camera looks up – subject looks large – creates an impression of power Normal or straight angle: camera looks at the subject from eye-level – subject looks equal to viewer, who feels equal to, and may even identify with, subject High angle: camera looks down – subject appears small – creates an impression of weakness Film Terms Frame: a single still picture or image Shot: the images that are filmed from the time the camera starts to the time it stops, with no cuts Sequence: a series of shots on the same subject Cut: stop one shot / abruptly start second; creates the impression of different places, same time Fade out/in: go to black / go from black to picture; suggests passage of time, change of place Pan: camera moves from left-to-right or right-to-left across scene from one subject to another – can be used to create suspense Zoom: camera moves in (tight) or out (wide) Tilt: camera moves vertically, up or down LESSON 7: LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
A) Copyright - a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work B) Plagiarism - an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization; the representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author. C) Cyber Bullying - bullying that takes place online, or using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites D) Computer addiction - the excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life E) Digital divide - an economic inequality between groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT LESSON 8: OPPORTUN ITIES AND CHALLENGES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION
A) Hacking It is an act committed by an intruder by accessing your computer system without your permission B) Virus dissemination Viruses are computer programs that attach themselves to or infect a system or files, and have a tendency to circulate to other computers on a ne twork. C) Phishing This a technique of extracting confidential information such as credit card numbers and username password combos by masquerading as a legitimate enterprise. D) Email bombing and spamming Email bombing is characterised by an abuser sending huge volumes of email to a target address resulting in victim’s email account or mail servers crashing. “Spamming” is a variant of email bombing. E) Web jacking Web jacking derives its name from “hijacking”. Here, the hacker takes control of a web site fraudulently. He may change the content of the original site or even redirect the user to another fake similar looking page controlled by him. F) Cyber stalking
Cyber stalking is a new form of internet crime in our society when a person is pursued or followed online. G) Identity Theft and Credit Card Fraud Identity theft occurs when someone steals your identity and pretends to be you to access resources such as credit cards, bank accounts and other benefits in your name. The imposter may also use your identity to commit other crimes.
