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And may respond to behavioral therapy only.
Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis – believed that the origin of Freud – neurosis and psychosis came from the drives. These drives are divided into two called sex and aggression.
– Powerful emotional release Catharsis – Powerful because of a need to relieve unconscious conflicts. “PURIFICATION/CLEANSING” – taught Freud Josef Breuer – catharsis and Freud discovered Association” Association” which later on leads principal therapeutic technique “Hypnosis”
about “Free to his called
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NEUROSIS AND PSYCHOSIS Psychosis Is a term used to describe symptoms Mostly Delusions and Hallucinations Altered perception of reality Interferes with day to day functions Almost always require pharmacological treatment
Neurosis Mental Distress Refers to a group of disorders Does not interfere with day to day functions
LEVELS OF MENTAL LIFE Unconscious Unconscious proper Preconscious
Conscious
– contains drives, urges, Unconscious – instincts beyond our awareness Conscious – our own awareness
– Unconscious elements Preconscious – which can easily surface through conscious. PROVINCES OF THE MIND
– Pleasure Principle / Irrational ID – – Reality Principle / Balance EGO – – – Moral Principle/ SUPEREGO Conscience – Conscience – Ego Ego Ideal – What we should not do Conscience – What – What we should do Ego – Ideal – What
a disguise that is directly opposite its original form.
Dynamics of Personality
– operate as Drives – motivational force. As an stimulus, Drives differ from stimuli in that they cannot be through flight.
constant internal external avoided
– Love, Sex Eros – Love, – Aggression, Distraction Thanatos – Aggression, Sex Drive - Libido – Unnamed Aggression Drive – Unnamed Anxiety
– Neurotic Anxiety – about unknown danger
Apprehension
– Guilty/ Conscience Moral Anxiety – Guilty/ – Fear Realistic Anxiety – Fear DEFENSE MECHANISM
– the most basic defense Repression – mechanism. Whenever the ego is threatened by undesirable id impulses, it protects itself by repressing those impulses; that is, it forces threatening feelings into the unconscious. For example, a young girl may permanently repress her hostility for a younger sister because her hateful feelings create too much anxiety. – on of the ways Reaction Formation – in which a repressed impulse may become conscious is through adopting
Example of a reaction formation can be seen in a young woman who deeply resents and hates her mother. Because she knows that society demands affection toward parents, such conscious hatred for her mother would produce too much anxiety. To avoid painful anxiety, the young woman concentrates on the opposite impulse — love. Her “love” for her mother, however, is not genuine. It is showy, exaggerated, and overdone. – people can redirect Displacement – their unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed. For example, a woman who is angry at her roommate may displace her anger onto her employees, her pet cat, or a stuffed animal. She remains friendly to her roommate, but unlike the workings of a reaction formation, she does not exaggerate or overdo her friendliness. – – The process of Fixation psychologically growing up, however, is not without stressful and anxious moments. When the prospect of taking the next step becomes too anxiety provoking, the ego may resort to the strategy of remaining at the present, more comfortable psychological stage. – Once the libido has Regression – passed a developmental stage, it may,
during times of stress and anxiety, revert back to that earlier stage.
benefits both the individual and the society.
For example, a completely weaned child may regress to demanding a bottle or nipple when a baby brother or sister is born. The attention given to the new baby poses a threat to the older child.
Freud believed that the art of Michelangelo, who found an indirect outlet for his libido in painting and sculpting, was an excellent example of sublimation.
– When an internal impulse Projection – provokes too much anxiety, the ego may reduce that anxiety by attributing the unwanted impulse to an external object, usually another person.
Stages of Development
An extreme type of projection projection is a mental disorder paranoia, characterized by powerful delusions of jealousy and persecution. persecution. Paranoia is not an inevitable outcome of projection but simply a severe variety of it. – a defense mechanism Introjection – whereby people incorporate positive qualities of another person into their own ego. For example, an adolescent may introject or adopt the mannerisms, values, or lifestyle of a movie star. Such an introjection gives the adolescent an inflated sense of self-worth and keeps feelings of inferiority to a minimum. People introject characteristics that they see as valuable and that will permit them to feel better about themselves. – is the Healthiest of all Sublimation – the defense mechanism because it
Stages of Dev’t
Pleasure
Erogenous Zone
Oral Phase
Mouth
Oral Receptive / Oral Sadistic
Anal Phase
Anus
Sadistic anal – anal – phase /
Phallic Phase Latency Period Genital Period
Sucking
