“PRECEDENTE HUATUCO” RESUMEN DIDACTICO DE LA SENTENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL EXP. 05057-2013-PA/TC 05057-2013-PA/TC JUNIN JUNI N Por: Alí Félix Le! C"#r$#.
Premisa El Ar Ar%í$ %í$&l &lo o 'II (el Tí% Tí%&lo &lo Pre Preli) li)i! i!#r #r (el C C(i* (i*o o Pro Pro$e+ $e+#l #l Co Co!+% !+%i%& i%&$io $io!#l !#l,, (i+ (i+o! o!e e & &e: e: Ar%í$&lo 'II.- L#+ +e!%e!$i#+ (el Tri&!#l Tri&!#l Co!+%i%&$io!#l &e #(&iere! l# #&%ori(#( (e $o+# &*#(# $o!+%i%&e! $o!+%i%&e! re$e(e!%e 4i!$&l#!%e 4i!$&l#!%e $&#!(o #+í lo exre+e exre+e l# +e!%e!$i#, re$i+#!(o re$i+#!(o el ex%re)o (e +& ee$%o !or)#%i4o 6.... Por )#!(#%o exre+o (el re$e(e!%e 8&#%&$o, lo+ &!(#)e!%o+ 6roi#)e!%e ##r%#(o+ !&)er# !&) er#le le+ + 19, 20, 21, 22 23 $o! $o!+%i +%i%& %&e! e! el re re$e( $e(e! e!%e %e 4i! 4i!$&l $&l#!% #!%e, e, +ie +ie!(o !(o & &e e !o !e$e !e $e+# +#ri ri#) #)e! e!%e %e +o +o! ! lo lo+ + ) )+ + %r %r#+ #+$e $e!( !(e! e!%# %#le le+ + (e l# re re+o +ol& l&$i $i! ! & &e e # $o $o!% !%i! i!&# &#$i $i! ! #!#li#)o+. Generalidades U! re$e(e!%e 4i!$&l#!%e (el Tri&!#l Co!+%i%&$io!#l e+ l# r#! o &!(#)e!%o exre+o &! #llo (i$%#(o or el ;)xi)o i!%érre%e (e l# Co!+%i%&$i!< e! (e%er)i!#(o $#+o, el $&#l $o!%ie $o! %ie!e !e li! li!e#) e#)ie! ie!%o+ %o+ (e !i4 !i4el el !or !or)#% )#%i4o i4o,, #l #li$# i$#le le+ + # $#+ $#+o+ o+ #! #!lo lo*o+ *o+,, e! &! # #! ! (e &!ii$#r l# &ri+r&(e!$i# !#$io!#l, e! )#%eri# (e &+%i$i# $o!+%i%&$io!#l &+%i$i# or(i!#ri#. E! e+%# #r%e (el (o$&)e!%o, exre+#)o+ #re$ere+ +ore o%ro #+e$%o $#r(i!#l= lo rel#%i4o # lo+ re*í)e!e+ l#or#le+ 4i*e!%e+ e! el Per>. ?ire)o+ #+í &e or )#!(#%o exre+o (e l# Ter$er# ?i+o+i$i! Fi!#l Tr#!+i%ori# (e l# C#r%# (e 1@@3, +e "# +#!$io!#(o exre+#)e!%e lo +i*&ie!%e: ;Ter$er#.- No +o! #$&)&l#le+ +er4i$io+ re+%#(o+ # l# #$%i4i(#( >li$# ri4#(# E! %#!%o +&+i+%#! re*í)e!e+ (iere!$i#(o+ (e %r##o e!%re l# #$%i4i(#( ri4#(# l# >li$#, e! !i!*>! $#+o or !i!*>! $o!$e%o &e(e! #$&)&l#r+e +er4i$io+ re+%#(o+ #o #)o+ re*í)e!e+. E+ !&lo %o(o #$%o o re+ol&$i! e! $o!%r#rio<. e+&l%# e!%o!$e+ &e e! !&e+%ro #í+ +lo exi+%e! (o+ re*í)e!e+ l#or#le+, +ie!(o &e lo+ (e)+ # lo+ &e err!e#)e!%e +e le+ #%ri&e e+%# $#%e*orí# 6$o)o el CAB, $o!+%i%&e! e+%# e+ %#%& %&%o %o+, +, & &er ero+ o+ 6o +i +e & &ie iere re +& +& re re*í *í)e )e!e !e+ + (e #l #l*& *&!o !o (e lo lo+ + re ree eri ri(o (o+ + o orr l# Co!+%i%&$i!= # +#er: el >i$o el ri4#(o. '#l*# l# #$l#r#$i! &e+ el CAB, e+ &! e+%#%&%o roio (el ré*i)e! l#or#l >li$o, # e+#r &e el roio Tri&!#l Co!+%i%&$io!#l Co!+%i%&$io!#l -e! o%r# +e!%e!$i#-, +i! &e l# le #+í lo i!(i&e, "## r#o!#(o &e +e %r#%# (e &! ré*i)e! l#or#l: error. El re$e(e!%e 8&#%&$o %ie!e i!$i(e!$i# >!i$#)e!%e #r# lo+ %r###(ore+ (el E+%#(o, +&e%o+ #l (e!o)i!#(o ré*i)e! l#or#l (e l# #$%i4i(#( ri4#(#, $o)o lo+ orero+ )&!i$i#le+, lo+ e)le#(o+ (e roe$%o+ e+e$i#le+ re*io!#le+ re*io!#le+ 6$#+o Pl#! EIBB, IA, CDPEBCD, e%$. lo+ (e i!+%i%&$io!e+ (elier#(#)e!%e #$o*i(#+ # e+%e ré*i)e! $o)o l# BUNAT, l# BUNAP o IN?ECDPI. 1
B&$e(e e!%o!$e+ &e l# +e!%e!$i# &e $o)e!%#)o+, !o #l$#!# #l &!i4er+o í!%e*ro (e %r###(ore+ e+%#%#le+, +i!o %#! +lo # #&ello+ $&# +i%&#$i! l#or#l +e e!$&e!%r# re*&l#(# or el ?e$re%o B&re)o 03-@7-T, Tex%o U!i$o Dr(e!#(o (e l# Le (e Pro(&$%i4i(#( Co)e%i%i4i(#( L#or#l - ?e$re%o Le*i+l#%i4o 729. F&er# (el )i%o (e+$ri%i4o &e e! +& #r%e exo+i%i4# 6%o(# +e!%e!$i# $o!%ie!e, el re$e(e!%e 8&#%&$o, #or(# lo rel#%i4o #l ré*i)e! l#or#l ri4#(o e! l# $o!%r#%#$i! (e er+o!#l (el E+%#(o, #+e$%o &e re+&l%# il&+%r#%i4o 4#lio+o. Lo priado en el empleo p!"li#o$ la reposi#i%n ?i$e el re$e(e!%e 8&#%&$o &e l#+ reo+i$io!e+ (el er+o!#l +&e%o #l ré*i)e! l#or#l ri4#(o &e re+% +er4i$io+ e! e!%i(#(e+ >li$#+, 4i!$&l#(o+ or $o!%r#%o+ +&e%o+ # )o(#li(#( o $i4ile+ 6lo$#$i! (e +er4i$io+ or# (e+!#%&r#li#(o+, $o)o $o!+e$&e!$i# (e ro$e+o+ (e #)#ro (o!(e +&+ re%e!+io!e+ &ero! e+%i)#(#+, oe(e$iero! # &!# i!%erre%#$i! li%er#l #i+l#(# (e lo+ Ar%í$&lo+ 77G (el ?e$re%o B&re)o 03-@7-T. A&!&e el #r*&)e!%o (el Tri&!#l +ore el +ilo*i+)o (el li%er#l ;(< (el Ar%í$&lo 77G (e l# !or)# +& $o!$l&+i! e+ i!%ere+#!%e= !o o(e)o+ (e$ir lo )i+)o (el &i$io (e 4#lor &e $#lii$# # ello $o)o &! +i)le eer$i$io li%er#l, &e+ l# $#+&í+%i$# l#or#l re+e$%o (e e+%# )#%eri#, (e)&e+%r# &e el &*#(or e! )&$"#+ o$#+io!e+ "# #$&(i(o # l# i!%erre%#$i! %eleol*i$# exe*é%i$#, #r# re+#l(#r e! (ere$"o, l#+ (e$i+io!e+ (e +&+ +e!%e!$i#+, $&#!(o l# ro!(o+# +i%&#$i! ro#%ori# o l# $o)lei(#( )i+)# (el $#+o, #+í lo "#! i)&e+%o. L&e*o, el re$e(e!%e +e (e%ie!e e! l# !e$e+i(#( (e #!#li#r l# o+i$i! (e &ie!e+ +o+%ie!e! &e el Ar%í$&lo 5G (e l# Le #r$o (el E)leo P>li$o Nro. 29175 6!or)# &e !o (i+$ri)i!# e!%re ré*i)e! >li$o ri4#(o # %ie)o (e #or(#r l# +i%&#$i! l#or#l (e lo+ %r###(ore+ (el E+%#(o, $o!+%i%&e el &!(#)e!%o le*#l +&i$ie!%e #r# i)e(ir l# reo+i$i! (e &! %r###(or (el E+%#(o &e !o "## i!*re+#(o # +& &e+%o (e l#or or $o!$&r+o >li$o #ier%o. Lo+ $ri%erio+ &e +ore &!$i! >li$# e+o# l# +e!%e!$i# (el Tri&!#l, +o! r&(e!%e+ #(e$&#(o+, #(e)+ (e il&+%r#%i4o+, (e+(e &! &!%o (e 4i+%# e+%ri$%#)e!%e (o$%ri!#rio. Con#&rso p!"li#o de m'ri(os para &na pla)a pres&p&es(ada * a#an(e de d&ra#i%n inde(erminada ?i$e el Tri&!#l, &e el #+e$%o rele4#!%e #r# i(e!%ii$#r # &! &!$io!#rio o +er4i(or >li$o e+ el (e+e)eHo (e &!$io!e+ e! l#+ e!%i(#(e+ >li$#+ (el E+%#(o, #r# (e+&é+ $i%#r el %ex%o í!%e*ro (el Ar%í$&lo 5G (e l# Le #r$o (el E)leo P>li$o +i! &e l# !or)# lo (i+o!*# e+e$íi$#)e!%e, $o!$l&ir &e exi+%e! +&i$ie!%e+ &+%ii$#(#+ r#o!e+ #r# #+&)ir &e el i!*re+o # l# #()i!i+%r#$i! >li$#, )e(i#!%e &! $o!%r#%o # l#o i!(e%er)i!#(o, exi*e !e$e+#ri#)e!%e &! re4io $o!$&r+o >li$o (e )éri%o+ #r# &!# l## re+&&e+%#(# 4#$#!%e (e (&r#$i! i!(e%er)i!#(#. N%e+e &e e+ el Tri&!#l &ie! "# i!%e*r#(o # l# !o$i! ori*i!#l (el $o!$&r+o >li$o, l# or*#!i$i(#( (e l# l## 64#$#!$i# re+&&e+%o. B&$e(e e!%o!$e+ &e el Tri&!#l re$o!o$e el ri4ile*io (e l# )eri%o$r#$i#, or e!$i)# (e $&#l&ier o%ro #$%or, (e+(e l# 4i!$&l#$i! l#or#l "#+%# l#+ i!+%#!$i#+ &l%eriore+ (el e)leo, )#+ !o $oi!$i(i)o+ e! &e le &!(#)e!%o #r# ello +e# el #r#lelo ee$%&#(o $o! l# Le (el Ber4i$io Ci4il, Nro. 30057, (i+o+i$i! &e # e+#r (e o$&#r+e (e e)leo >li$o, !o e+ $o)#%ile $o! el %e)# #!#li#(o, &e+ +& 4i*e!$i# $orre+o!(e # &! ré*i)e! l#or#l (i+%i!%o 6el >li$o. 2
A+í el ##r%#(o !&)er#l ;15< (el re$e(e!%e 8&#%&$o (e+%#$# !í%i(#)e!%e or re+e!%#r &! r#o!#)ie!%o (e%er)i!#!%e e! el #llo, #r# ello lo $i%#)o+ %ex%&#l)e!%e: ;15. E! $o!+e$&e!$i#, %e!ie!(o e! $&e!%# lo ex&e+%o e! el &!(#)e!%o @ +&r#, $#e e+%#le$er &e $&#!(o lo+ Ar(+#&los ,- 77 (el TUO del De#re(o Le.isla(io N/0123 +e#! #li$#(o+ e! el )i%o (e l# A()i!i+%r#$i! P>li$#, (eer! +er i!%erre%#(o+ e! el +e!%i(o (e &e el i!*re+o (e !&e4o er+o!#l o l# rei!$oror#$i! or )#!(#%o &(i$i#l, $o! &!# rel#$i! l#or#l (e !#%&r#le# i!(e%er)i!#(#, e! &!# e!%i(#( (el E+%#(o, #r# o$&#r &!# l## $o)re!(i(# (e!%ro (el PAP o CAP, o (el i!+%r&)e!%o i!%er!o (e *e+%i! &e "#*# +&+ 4e$e+, podr4 e5e#(&arse siempre 6&e preiamen(e la persona 7a*a .anado &n #on#&rso p!"li#o de m'ri(os para &na pla)a pres&p&es(ada * a#an(e de d&ra#i%n inde(erminada”/ A$%o +e*&i(o +e rei%er# &e l# reo+i$i!, e! !i!*>! $#+o, e+ &! (ere$"o &e $orre+o!(# #l %r###(or &e +e (e+e)eH e! $#li(#( (e er+o!#l (e $o!i#!#. Por +& #r%e el ##r%#(o !&)er#l ;17< (e l# +e!%e!$i#, $o!%ie!e o%ro )#!(#%o &ri+r&(e!$i#l $#i%#l, &e )& o$#+ #&%ori(#(e+ &(i$i#le+ o+er4#! &e )e!o+ e!%i(#(e+ >li$#+ #$#%#!, # +#er: ;17. E! e+# er+e$%i4#, e+%e Tri&!#l, e! +& &ri+r&(e!$i#, "# e+%#le$i(o &e e! lo+ ro$e+o+ (e #)#ro e! lo+ $&#le+ +e (e)#!(# #l E+%#(o #r# &e &! ex %r###(or +e# rei!$oror#(o, $&#!(o +e i!%ero!*# #()i%# &!# (e)#!(# (ee re*i+%r#r+e $o)o &!# o+ile $o!%i!*e!$i# e$o!)i$# &e e+ !e$e+#rio re4er e! el re+&&e+%o, $o! l# i!#li(#( (e &e l# l## &e o$&## el (e)#!(#!%e +e )#!%e!*# re+&&e+%#(# #r#, (e +er el $#+o, #$%&#r o ee$&%#r e! or)# i!)e(i#%# l# +e!%e!$i# e+%i)#%ori# 6BBTC Nro+. 370-2012PA/TC, 000-2013-PA/TC, 073-201 LPA/TC, 0121-2012-PA/TC, 0027-2013-PA/TC, 0225-2012-PA/TC, e!%re o%ro+, +ie)re $&#!(o +e 4erii&e &e el (e)#!(#!%e "# i!*re+#(o )e(i#!%e $o!$&r+o >li$o (e )éri%o+ #ier%o #r# &!# l## re+&&e+%#(# 4#$#!%e (e (&r#$i! i!(e%er)i!#(#<. El $ri%erio $i%#(o re+&l%# (e )&$"# &%ili(#( #r# roe$%#r l# $o)re!+i! (el +&%í%&lo +i*&ie!%e. 89 si el (ra"a:ador no in.res% al seri#io del Es(ado por #on#&rso; El re&i+i%o i!%e*r#(o #r# l# reo+i$i! (e &! %r###(or $o!+i+%e!%e e! el #$$e+o #l e)leo or $o!$&r+o >li$o # l## (ei(#)e!%e re+&&e+%#(# e i!(e%er)i!#(#, e+ roio (el ré*i)e! l#or#l ri4#(o e! $o!%r#%o+ (e %r###(ore+ &e re+%e! +er4i$io+ #r# el E+%#(o, el Tri&!#l re$#l$# &e e+%e $o!$e%o !o e+%# 4i*e!%e #r# el $#+o (e %r###(ore+ (e e)re+#+ ri4#(#+ &e o4i#)e!%e l#ore! $o! +&e$i! #l ré*i)e! (e l# #$%i4i(#( ri4#(#. Bie!(o e+%o #+í, l# o$i! (e l# i!(e)!i#$i! $o! %oe (e 12 +&el(o+ 6re4i+%# or el Ar%í$&lo 39G (el ?e$re%o B&re)o 03-@7-T, $or# 4i*e!$i# #&%o)%i$# $o)o >!i$# re#r#$i! l#or#l re!%e # lo+ ee$%o+ (el (e+i(o oer#(o e! $o!%r# (el %r###(or (e)#!(#!%e. E+%o >l%i)o +e #re$i# (el ##r%#(o !&)er#l ;22< (e l# +e!%e!$i# &e e+ e!%i$o e! re$i+#r lo +i*&ie!%e: ;22. E! el +&&e+%o (e &e e! &! ro$e+o (e #)#ro el (e)#!(#!%e !o &e(# +er rei!$oror#(o or !o "#er i!*re+#(o or $o!$&r+o >li$o (e )éri%o+ #r# &!# l## re+&&e+%#(#, 4#$#!%e (e (&r#$i! i!(e%er)i!#(#, el &e re$o!(&$ir el ro$e+o # l# 4í# or(i!#ri# l#or#l #r# &e l# #r%e (e)#!(#!%e +oli$i%e l# i!(e)!i#$i! &e $orre+o!(#, $o!or)e # lo re4i+%o e! el Ar%í$&lo 39 (el TUD (el ?e$re%o Le*i+l#%i4o Nro. 729. ?i$"# 4í# ro+e*&ir el %r)i%e $o!or)e # l# le ro$e+#l (e l# )#%eri# !o o(r +er re$"##(# or l# $#&+#l (e ex%e)or#!ei(#(. U!# 4e &e el &e l#or#l $o)e%e!%e +e #4o&e #l 3
$o!o$i)ie!%o (el $#+o, (eer e!%e!(er+e re+e!%#(# #()i%i(# l# (e)#!(# l#or#l, +e o%or*#r #l (e)#!(#!%e &! l#o r#o!#le # ee$%o+ (e &e #(e$&e +& (e)#!(# $o!or)e # l#+ re*l#+ re4i+%#+ #r# l# e%## o+%&l#%ori# (el ro$e+o l#or#l. Tr#!+$&rri(o (i$"o l#o +i! &e el (e)#!(#!%e re#li$e l# re+e$%i4# #(e$&#$i!, ro$e(er el #r$"i4o (el ro$e+o<. Al re4er+e &e l# re$o!(&$$i! (e l# (e)#!(# or el &*#(or $o!+%i%&$io!#l #l or(i!#rio l#or#l, +e $o!+i(er# #(e)+ &e l# #(e$&#$i! (e l# (e)#!(# !&!$# o(r i)or%#r $#&+#l (e ex%e)or#!ei(#(. E+ or e+%o >l%i)o &e el Tri&!#l Co!+%i%&$io!#l !o e+% ee$%&#!(o le*i+l#$i! !e*#%i4#, +i!o o+i%i4#, lo $&#l !o +orre!(e (e e+%e r*#!o #$o+%&)r#(o "i+%ri$#)e!%e # $o)or%#r+e (e e+%e )o(o #l "#er i!$l&+o or(e!#(o #l Co!*re+o &e (i$%e !or)#+ e! &!o & o%ro +e!%i(o. Responsa"ilidad Co! #$ier%o, l# +e!%e!$i# re$&er(# l# le!# 4i*e!$i# (el Ar%í$&lo 23G (e l# Le 27 Le (el Pro$e(i)ie!%o A()i!i+%r#%i4o Ke!er#l, &e (e%er)i!# +#!$io!e+ #()i!i+%r#%i4#+ 6e!%ié!(#+e l#or#le+ +i $orre+o!(ier#, $i4ile+ /o e!#le+, #r# +er4i(ore+ &!$io!#rio+ >li$o+, &e #l +er re+o!+#le+ (e l# $o!%r#%#$i! (e er+o!#l e! l#+ re+e$%i4#+ e!%i(#(e+ (el E+%#(o, !o o+er4#! #(e$&#(#)e!%e lo+ (ere$"o+ (e lo+ %r###(ore+ e! rel#$i! # l# )#%eri#, e! e+e$i#l lo &e +i*!ii&e l# i!o+er4#!$i# (e i!+%r&)e!%o+ (e *e+%i!. El %e)# (e o!(o $o!+i+%e e! +#!$io!#r # lo+ &!$io!#rio+ o +er4i(ore+ re+o!+#le+ (e $o!%r#%#r e! or)#%o %e)or#l # &! %r###(or $&o 4í!$&lo l&e*o e+ (e$l#r#(o (e+!#%&r#li#(o. A e+#r &e &! +e$%or (e l# (o$%ri!# el roio 4o%o (i+$or(#!%e (e l&)e! For%i!i, $#lii$# (e i)er%i!e!%e ex$e+i4# e+%# )e(i(#, !o+o%ro+ $o!+i(er#)o+ &e e+ #$er%#(#, # i! (e e4i%#r li*ere#+ or #r%e (e #&ello+ ll#)#(o+ # $&i(#r lo+ i!%ere+e+ #%ro!#le+ (el E+%#(o. Apli#a"ilidad El re$e(e!%e 8&#%&$o (ee o+er4#r+e (e+(e el (í# +i*&ie!%e (e +& &li$#$i! e! el ?i#rio Di$i#l El Per&#!o, i!$l&+o e! #&ello+ ro$e+o+ &e +e e!$&e!%re! e! %r)i%e, oi$i#li#!(o &!# +&er%e (e re%ro#$%i4i(#( er&(i$i#l #l %r###(or &e+ #l re$e(e!%e +e le "# (o%#(o (e #l$#!$e +ore "e$"o+ ro(&$i(o+ $o! #!%eriori(#( # +& $o!$e$i! 4i*e!$i#. A&í $oi!$i(i)o+ $o! l&)e. Del 5ondo en el pre#eden(e H&a(&#o Co!+i(er#$io!e+ re4i#+: M L# (e)#!(# &e "# (#(o l&*#r #l re$e(e!%e 8&#%&$o, 4er+ +ore &! (e+i(o i!$#&+#(o, 4iol#$i! (e (ere$"o+ $o!+%i%&$io!#le+ #l %r##o, ro%e$$i! $o!%r# el (e+i(o #ri%r#rio #l (ei(o ro$e+o, (e #$&er(o $o! l# o+%&l#$i! (e e#%ri 8&#%&$o 8&#%&$o $o!%r# el Po(er J&(i$i#l 6Cor%e B&erior (e J&+%i$i# (e J&!í! !o $o!%r# &!# )&!i$i#li(#( o &! *oier!o re*io!#l. M E! l# (e)#!(# +e +&+%e!% l# (e+!#%&r#li#$i! (el 4í!$&lo (e %r##o or l# +&)#%ori# (e $o!%r#%o+ )o(#le+ &e #l 4e!$i)ie!%o (el >l%i)o, !o "# oer#(o re!o4#$i!, (#!(o l&*#r # i!%erre%#r lo +&$e(i(o $o)o &! #&%é!%i$o (e+i(o. M L# $o!%e+%#$i! #ir) &e el 4i!$&lo (e %r##o &e +ie)re %e)or#l, +&e(i%#(o # &e l# l## o$&#(# &e+e $&ier%# e! el &%&ro, or el *#!#(or (e &! $o!$&r+o >li$o, (e lo $&#l l# (e)#!(#!%e er# $o!+$ie!%e. 4
L# +e!%e!$i# (el Tri&!#l Co!+%i%&$io!#l e+ &!# (e )éri%o, &e+ +e ro!&!$i# +ore el o!(o (e l# $o!%ro4er+i# #l (e$l#r#r i!&!(#(# l# (e)#!(#. L# r#! (e +& (e$i+i! +e $o!+%riHe # lo re4i+%o e! lo+ ##r%#(o+ !&)er#le+ ;31<, ;32< ;33< (e l# +e!%e!$i#, &e li%er#l)e!%e re4é!: ;31. E! el $#+o (e #&%o+, l# (e)#!(#!%e #ir)# "#er +i(o oe%o (e &! (e+i(o i!$#&+#(o e! !o4ie)re (e 2011= or %#!%o, # i! (e 4erii$#r +i é+%e +e ro(&o o !o, +e ro$e(er # #!#li#r el erio(o $o!%r#$%&#l e! el &e "#rí# o$&rri(o el +&&e+%o (e+i(o. P#r# ello, e+ !e$e+#rio (e%er)i!#r +i lo+ $o!%r#%o+ )o(#le+ +&+$ri%o+ e!%re l# %r###(or# l# #r%e (e)#!(#(# +e (e+!#%&r#li#ro!, (eie!(o +er $o!+i(er#(o e+%e $o)o &! $o!%r#%o (e l#o i!(e%er)i!#(o, e! $&o $#+o l# #r%e (e)#!(#!%e +lo o(í# +er (e+e(i(# or $#&+# rel#$io!#(# $o! +& $o!(&$%# o $##$i(#( l#or#l &e lo &+%ii&e<. ;32. E! l# $l&+&l# ri)er# (el $o!%r#%o (e %r##o #r# +er4i$io e+e$íi$o, &e or# # o#+ 10 e! l#+ $l&+&l#+ +e*&!(# %er$er# (el )i+)o, se 7a #&mplido #on :&s(i5i#ar la #a&sa o":e(ia de(erminan(e de la #on(ra(a#i%n modal. A+i)i+)o, +e "# a#redi(ado 6&e la a#(ora reali)% las mismas 5&n#iones para las 6&e 5&e #on(ra(ada * 6&e no (ra"a:% l&e.o del en#imien(o del !l(imo #on(ra(o. E! $o!+e$&e!$i#, !o +e "#! (e+!#%&r#li#(o lo+ $o!%r#%o+ )o(#le+ +&+$ri%o+ e!%re l#+ #r%e+<. ?e l# #r%e i!#l (e l# $i%#, +e #re$i# &e e! l# 4#lor#$i! (e lo+ )e(io+ ro#%orio+, 6ri!$i#l)e!%e lo+ $o!%r#%o+ (e %r##o lo+ %re+ e!&!$i#(o+ &e (e ello e)er*e, $o!+%i%&e l# 4er(#(er# r#! (e l# exe(i$i! (e l# +e!%e!$i# e! $o!%r# (e lo+ i!%ere+e+ (e l# %r###(or# (e)#!(#!%e, +ie!(o &e #r# ello +e "# #$&(i(o # e+# +&&e+%# i!%erre%#$i! li%er#l (e l#+ !or)#+ l#or#le+ &e "# (e!&!$i#(o el Tri&!#l #l i!i$io (e l# re+ol&$i!, $o)o # "e)o+ exli$#(o. ;33. Co!or)e #l #r%í$&lo 1, i!$i+o $ (el TUD (el ?e$re%o Le*i+l#%i4o 729, +o! $#&+#+ (e ex%i!$i! (e l# rel#$i! l#or#l: l# %er)i!#$i! (e l# or# o +er4i$io, el $&)li)ie!%o (e l# $o!(i$i! re+ol&%ori# el 4e!$i)ie!%o (el l#o e! lo+ $o!%r#%o+ le*#l)e!%e $eler#(o+ #o )o(#li(#(. E! e+%e $#+o +e &e(e #ir)#r &e la #on#l&si%n del +n#&lo la"oral o"ede#e al li"re al"edr+o de am"as par(es3 preiamen(e pa#(ado en &n #on(ra(o de (ra"a:o s&:e(o a pla)o de(erminado. Bie!(o #+í, !o %ie!e! #+i(ero l#+ exre+io!e+ (e l# #r%e (e)#!(#!%e e! el +e!%i(o &e "#rí# +i(o (e+e(i(# +i! $#&+# #l*&!#. Por %#!%o, !o "#ié!(o+e #$re(i%#(o l# 4&l!er#$i! (e lo+ (ere$"o+ $o!+%i%&$io!#le+ rel#%i4o+ #l %r##o, l# (e)#!(# (eer +er (e+e+%i)#(#<. El re+#l%#(o 6e! !e*ri%# (el ##r%#(o !&)er#l ;33< (e l# +e!%e!$i#, $o!(&$e # l# i!el&(ile $o!$l&+i! &e el Tri&!#l Co!+%i%&$io!#l, +e e&i4o$# &!# 4e )+ #l $o!+i(er#r &e el e!$&#(re %eri$o (el ?ere$"o (el Tr##o re+o!(e # lo+ )i+)o+ #r)e%ro+ (el ?ere$"o Ci4il, e! el $&#l e+ l# 4ol&!%#( (e l#+ #r%e+ l# &e $o!+%i%&e &e!%e ri)er# (e oli*#$io!e+, $&#!(o lo $o"ere!%e #r# l# r#)# +o$i#l e+ #$&(ir ri)ero # l# le*i+l#$i! # $o! $#r$%er +&+i(i#rio # l# 4ol&!%#( (e lo+ i!%ere+#(o+. N&e+%r# o+i$i! $rí%i$# e! +& $#+o e+$é%i$# +ore el $#)io $&#li%#%i4o &e e! l# &+%i$i# $o!+%i%&$io!#l #$#rre#r el re$e(e!%e, +e $o!%r#e # &!(#)e!%o+ +i)il#re+ 6 o%ro+ (e !#%&r#le# (i4er+#, # lo+ (el 4o%o e! (i+$or(i# (el )#*i+%r#(o l&)e For%i!i &e %#)ié! or)# #r%e (e l# re+ol&$i!, #&ello+ &e e! o%r# oor%&!i(#( )ere$er! #!li+i+ e+e$íi$o (e !&e+%r# #r%e. He#7o el pre#eden(e3 7e#7a la (rampa A&!&e el #ori+)# +e reiere # l# le 6e!%ié!(#+e !or)# &rí(i$#, re+&l%# i!e4i%#le e!+#r #+í e! rel#$i! # e+%e re$e(e!%e 4i!$&l#!%e. 5
Al*&!o+ ele)e!%o+ i)lí$i%o+ (el $o!li$%o, i)o+ile+ (e #!#li#r +i! el exe(ie!%e # l# 4i+%#, &e+%o &e l# +e!%e!$i# (el Tri&!#l Co!+%i%&$io!#l !o +e o$&# (e ello+: M El Po(er J&(i$i#l re$l&%# # +& er+o!#l +i! $o!$&r+o >li$oO, +#e)o+ &e i!$l&+o #r# +i)le+ +&le!$i#+ 4í!$&lo+ %e)or#le+, el Po(er J&(i$i#l $o!4o$# $o!$&r+o+ >li$o+. M L# "er)e!é&%i$# (el re$e(e!%e, er)i%e 4i+l&)r#r +i%&#$io!e+ $o!li$%i4#+ &e +e ro(&$e! e! el E+%#(o, #l $o!%r#%#r+e e! +& +e!o %r###(ore+ $o!%r#%#(o+ (ire$%#)e!%e or )>l%ile+ r#o!e+ #e!#+ # l# )eri%o$r#$i#, $o)o o$&rre e! *oier!o+ re*io!#le+ )&!i$i#li(#(e+ e! lo+ &e o(rí# (e!&!$i#r+e or ee)lo: $lie!%eli+)o olí%i$o. M Al i!%erre%#r+e $o! )&$"# lexiili(#(, &! re&i+i%o (e l# Le #r$o (el E)leo P>li$o exi*ir+e &e #r# l# reo+i$i! (e &! %r###(or (el E+%#(o +&e%o #l ré*i)e! l#or#l (el +e$%or ri4#(o, (ee #$re(i%#r+e i!*re+o or $o!$&r+o >li$o (e )éri%o+ # &!# l## or*!i$# (ei(#)e!%e re+&&e+%#(# !o +e e+% (e+4i+%ie!(o &! +#!%o #r# 4e+%ir o%roO M E! ee$%o, ;l# $#r# +ie)re %ir# "#$i# el )o!%e<, e! )#%eri# (e (ere$"o+ l#or#le+ +e er$ie &!# %e!(e!$i# (e exlo%#$i! (el "o)re or el "o)re. Ber# e!%o!$e+ &e # #r%ir (e e+%e re$e(e!%e, e! re*io!e+ )&!i$iio+ rolier#r! l#+ $o!%r#%#$io!e+ (ire$%#+ +i! "orio!%e i!(e%er)i!#(oO D +e# )+ $"olo+ #r#%o+ +i! e+%#ili(#( e! el e)leo. U!# #$l#r#$i! i!#l, e! %o(o e+%e #+&!%o !#(# %ie!e &e "#$er l# Le 201, )e(i#!%e l# $&#l, el er+o!#l $o!%r#%#(o (e #$&er(o $o! lo+ #l$#!$e+ (el ?e$re%o Le*i+l#%i4o 27 &e re+%e )+ (e &!# #Ho $o!%i!&o (e +er4i$io+, !o &e(e +er (e+%i%&i(o +i! ro$e+o #()i!i+%r#%i4o re4io, &e+ (i$"# *#r#!%í# $orre+o!(e # lo+ %r###(ore+ +&e%o+ #l (e!o)i!#(o ré*i)e! l#or#l (e l# #$%i4i(#( >li$# o l# #*o!i#!%e Le (e #+e+ (e l# C#rrer# A()i!i+%r#%i4#. I!&ie%&(e+ o )#or i!or)#$i! (iri*ir+e #
6
