CYBER CRIME INDIA
Submitted by:
Aman Gupta
[email protected]
ABSTARCT3 INTRODUCTION4 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 METHODOLOGY 5 ANALYSIS 5 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION7 CONCLUSION 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY8
ABSTRACT Cyber crime is a generic term that refers to all criminal activities done using the medium of computers, the Internet, cyber space and the worldwide web. The internet in India is growing rapidly. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field we can think of – be it entertainment, business, sports or education. There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cybercrime – illegal activitiy committed on the internet. The internet, along with its advantages, has also exposed us to security risks that come with connecting to a large network. Computers today are being misused for illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card fraud, spams, software piracy and so on, which invade our privacy and offend our senses. Criminal activities in the cyberspace are on the rise. Here we publish an article by Nandini Ramprasad in series for the benefit of our netizens. To look further into this matter I have collected data of previous year’s cybercrime records ,And conducted a research to see the current scenario.
INTRODUCTION With growth of internet and world connected to the internet, there is a rise in crime against internet or cyber-crime which has severally affected several individuals and groups. Today we hear about many security breaches that affect organizations and individuals. •
Identity Theft – gaining access to some one’s personal them to imitate you (stolen laptop)
information
•
Denial of Service – attacks on websites using zombie overwhelm the site and shuts it down
computers
•
allowing that
Others: Spyware, Spam, Wireless Access, Viruses
Etc., all are a part of cyber-crime. Topics include email, social media and IM security whilst also looking at DDoS attack detection and remediation. Cyber-crime is a term used to broadly describe criminal activity in which computers or computer networks are a tool, a target, or a place of criminal activity and include everything from electronic cracking to denial of service attacks. It is also used to include traditional crimes in which computers or networks are used to enable the illicit activity
LITERATURE REVIEW Over the past few years, the global cyber-crime landscape has changed dramatically, with criminals employing more sophisticated technology and greater knowledge of cyber security. Cyber-crimes are technology based crimes and the computer or internet itself can be used as a weapon or means to do such crimes quite freely. They are organized and white collar crimes like cyber frauds, hacking, data theft, phishing, identity theft etc. India truly lacks representative and democratic nature of the existing systems of internet governance, including the management of critical internet resources, and called for cyber jurisprudence to ensure security of the cyberspace. With over 200 million internet users, soon going to cross half in billion in coming years, over 900 million mobile telephone subscribers, and a thriving and robust internet ecosystem. India surely needs an effected system to cope up with increasing cyber-crime and internet security issues. Number of targeted attacks increased dramatically from an average of 77 per day to 82 per day. In the past, India used to be a target of cyber-attacks for political motivation only. Over the past few years, the global cybercrime landscape has changed dramatically, with criminals employing more sophisticated technology and greater knowledge of cyber security. Until
recently, malware, spam emails, hacking into corporate sites and other attacks of this nature were mostly the work of computer ‘geniuses’ showcasing their talent. These attacks, which were rarely malicious, have gradually evolved into cybercrime syndicates siphoning off money through illegal cyber channels. Rising at alarming rate, the number of cyber-crimes in India may touch a humungous figure of 3,00,000 in 2015, almost double the level of last year causing havoc in the financial space, security establishment and social fabric, an ASSOCHAM-Mahindra SSG study warned. Cyber Crime refers to all activities done with criminal intent in cyberspace. These fall into three slots. Those against persons. Against Business and Non-business organizations. Crime targeting the government 1. According to reports sponsored by the Better Business Bureau Online, over 80% of online shoppers cited security as a primary worry when conducting business over the Internet. About 75% of online shoppers terminate an online transaction when asked for the credit card information. The perception that the Internet is rife with credit card fraud and security hazards is growing. This has been a serious problem for e-commerce. 2. As today‘s consumer has become increasingly dependent on computers, networks, and the information these are used to store and preserve, the risk of being subjected to cyber-crime is high. Some of the surveys conducted in the past have indicated as many as 80% of the company surveyed acknowledged financial losses due to computer breaches. CYBER CRIME AGAINST USERS Computers as target of crimes- Due to the Home PC the use of computers has grown widely, such computers can become target of crime either in the physical or in the virtual manner, i.e. parts of the computer can be stolen example the hard disk thus leading to physical break-ins. Unauthorized access to the computer leading to confidential data loss will amount to virtual targeting of the computer, this will amount to a 15 crime of data theft, which is termed as hacking in the ordinary parlance. Other forms of crimes in which the computer is the target include offences
such as – Blackmail based on the information stolen in the form of medical information, personal data etc. National Security-E–mail as its is popularly referred to started becoming utilized for military applications. With the development of the World Wide Web this technology was inducted in the public domain. This is the starting point where the virtual medium started being utilized for criminal activities, and with the growth of terrorism, the terrorists also have adopted this technology. The terrorist’s organizations all over the world have started using the internet to spread their ideology, and also for bringing in ability to their nefarious activities against any state or society at large. Economic crimes-This is one of the most widely committed crimes and with the society with every passing day more and more members of the society accepting ecommerce as a means to do commerce, crime through the virtual medium will be the one of the major dilemma which will necessarily be required to be contained through the agency of law. Major economic crimes under this classification are: Hacking, Virus, Cyber frauds, Software piracy and violation of copyrights, Industrial espionages by rival corporations Forgery and counterfeiting etc. TYPES OF ATTACKS Attacks to Electronic Identity-Electronic identity theft, resulting from acts of interception and data theft, will increase, particularly through social engineering, currently carried out in cybercrime using malware tools and powerful methods, such as phishing and spamming. Personal data will continue to be intercepted from personal systems, businesses, and communities over time, given their increasingly high tech nature, for financial gain and other motivations. Attacks on Minors-Child pornography is expected to remain steady in terms of physical concurrent acts. This form of crime relies on "human material", with children victimised by acts of paedophilia or made to participate in carrying out offenses. This is still risky for criminals due to legal enforcement. What will change in this area is
the way in which images and videos will be exchanged, with greater availability and concealment. Child pornographers often argue that they are not doing anything wrong. Attacks on Infrastructures-Critical infrastructures will be targeted by cyberterrorism for various reasons. Power distribution networks, transportation networks, and communication networks are expected to undergo attacks intended to paralyse a nation by depriving it of its vital services. Such attacks could cause unprecedented crises on many levels, including the economy, safety, health, sanitation, civil peace, and more. In addition, hackers and other cybercriminals (even governments themselves) could further target their opponents. They may include attempts to attack informational sites, with a growing number of counterattacks by some governments or resistance group.
METHODOLOGY
There was a deep understanding of the topic “CYBER CRIME”. Reading about the topic from different sources (internet and newspaper). Writing the analysis of all the readings from different sources. Compiling the analysed data and then compiling it in the report form.
DATA ANALYSIS Hacking, publication of obscene contents, credit card and banking frauds among other cybercrimes have registered an annual increase of more than 40% in the country in the past two years. According to Home Ministry statistics, as many as 71,780 cyber frauds were reported in 2013, while 22,060 such cases were reported in 2012. There have been 62,189 incidents of cyber frauds till June 2014
Number of cyber frauds 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000
Number of cyber frauds
40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2012
2013
2014(till june)
In 2013, a total of 28,481 Indian websites were hacked by various hacker groups spread across the globe. The number of hacking incidents were 27,605 in 2012 and 21,699 in 2011
Number of crimes 30,000 25,000 20,000 Number of crimes 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2011
2012
2013
A total of 1,791, 2,876 and 4,356 cases were registered under the Information Technology Act in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. A total of 422, 601 and 1,337 cases were registered under cyber crime related sections of the Indian Penal Code in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.
5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 Cases under IT act
2,500
Cases under cyber crime
2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 2011
2012
2013
Ministry of Home Affairs has released Cyber Crime Statistics for the 2013 year, which again shows rapid increase in cyber-crime by 50% on year to year basis from 2012 to 2013. The statistics mainly show cases Registered under Cyber Crimes by Motives and Suspects (States & UTs): The maximum offenders came from the 18-30 age group. Among states, the highest incidents of cyber-crime took place in Maharashtra (907) followed by Uttar Pradesh (682) and Andhra Pradesh (651). The maximum cyber-crime arrests of four hundred twenty six (426) under the IT Act took place in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh was a distant second with 296 arrests, followed by Uttar Pradesh with 283 arrests. In percentage terms, the state that saw the most dramatic increase in cases registered under the IT Act was Uttarakhand at 475% (from 4 cases to 23); Assam a close second with 450% (from 28 cases to 154). Interestingly, the picture postcard union territory, Andaman and Nicobar islands, registered an eye-popping increase of 800% (two cases in 2012 to 18 in 2013) in the same category.
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Cyber Forensics can be used to detect cyber Evidence To make necessary amendments in Indian laws to control on Cyber Crimes There is strong need to harmonize some sections of IT act 2000 to curb cyber-crimes and Individuals to prevent cyber stalking avoid disclosing any information pertaining to one. This is as good as disclosing your identity to strangers in public place
Always avoid sending any photograph online particularly to strangers and chat friends as there have been incidents of misuse of the photographs. Always use latest and update anti-virus software to guard against virus attacks. always keep back up volumes so that one may not suffer data loss in case of virus contamination Never send your credit card number to any site that is not secured, to guard against frauds. Always keep a watch on the sites that your children are accessing to prevent any kind of harassment or depravation in children. It is better to use a security programme that gives control over the cookies and send information back to the site as leaving the cookies unguarded might prove fatal. Web site owners should watch traffic and check any irregularity on the site. Putting host-based intrusion detection devices on servers may do this. web servers running public sites must be physically separate protected from internal corporate network.
CONCLUSION Change is inevitable and the dilemmas that advancement in technology poses cannot be avoided, the truth is that the criminals have changed their method and have started relying of the advanced technology, and in order to deal with them the society the legal and law enforcement authorities, the private corporations and organizations will also have to change. Further such experts must not only be knowledgeable but must also be provided with necessary technical hardware and software so that they can efficiently fight the cyber criminals. Thus necessary facilities must be established in various parts of the country so that crime in the virtual world can be contained20. Another aspect which needs to be highlighted is that a culture of continuous education and learning needs to be inculcated amongst the legal and the law enforcement authorities because the Information Technology field is a very dynamic field as the knowledge of today becomes obsolete in a very short time. Lastly the preamble of the Information Technology Act 2000 provides that the act was passed with the objective to give legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of e-commerce, further the act has also made amendments to the Indian Penal Code 1860, Indian Evidence Act 1872, The Bankers Books of Evidence Act 1891, and the Reserve Bank of India Act 1934 for facilitating legal
recognition and regulation of the commercial activities. Though this objective of the act is 18 not to suppress the criminal activity, this act has defined certain offences and penalties to smother such omissions, which is understood to come within the characterization of cyber crimes. From this it can be inferred that the law cannot afford to be static, it has to change with the changing times and viz. cyber space this is all the more required, as there many application of the technology that can be used for the betterment of the mankind, similarly it equally true that such application can also be used for the detriment of the mankind as has been demonstrated by the Spy–cam case. The bottom –line is that the law should be made flexible so that it can easily adjust to the needs of the society and the technological.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.ijecs.in/issue/v2-i8/41%20ijecs.pdf http://www.ijemr.net/DOC/AStudyOnCyberCrimeAndSecurityScenarioInINDIA(1318)48f66c6f-4d11-4f64-95ec-a3600f6cd9d3.pdf http://cybercellmumbai.gov.in/html/cyber-crimes/index.html
