Additional Cockpit Training
RNP RNAV Courses (Required Navigation Performance/Area Navigation) Course Description • RNAV – RNAV – area area navigation – navigation – increasingly increasingly dominates the method of navigation. • We still have to cope with different regulations in different parts of the world. • Technical, legislative, and procedural developments during the last years have had different speeds throughout the world, throughout the system manufacturers, throughout the airlines, and even throughout the aviation authorities. authorities. • The course intends to give an overview concerning RNAV, which are generally valid - irrespective of the ICAO regions. • B-RNAV (basic area navigation) is what all aircraft nowadays are certified for at a minimum and what all crews are normally permitted to execute without any special training • As in all other areas areas of the aviation aviation industry, safe and efficient flight operation depends depends on three main items: - Technical and procedural design by aviation authorities (let‘s call it “ground systems“); - Technical system capability and procedural design on board (let‘s call it “airborne system“); and - Training of involved staff. staff. List of Aircraft Types: Airbus Airbus | A310/A300-600 | A320 | A330 | A340 | A380 || Boeing Boeing | 737 300-900 | 747 74 7 400/-8 | 757/767 | 777 | MD11 || Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 | CRJ 200 | CRJ 700/900
Course Goal • The aim of the respective training is to fulfill the respective training requirements of Regulation Air Operations. Structure and Duration
Self-study WBT/CBT *)
One FFS-Session 4.00 hours
*) if WBT/CBT is not available for a specific type, theoretical training is performed during classroom lectures lectures Self-study / WBT
Classroom Classroom
Practical training on FPT
Last Update: 05.01.2017 / © Lufthansa Aviation Training / R evisionsnr. 6
Practical training on FFS
T
Theoretical test
T
Practical test
1/2
2
Training Topics Theoretical Training & Checking • Theoretical training is performed using a state-of-the-art CBT program. • The CBT program has been developed by Lufthansa Aviation Training and covers the theoretical basics of area navigation. B-RNAV (Basic area Navigation): • Track keeping accuracy +/- 5NM for at least 95% of the f light time • Inputs from VOR/DME, DME/DME or GNSS and/or INS • B-RNAV used en-route and for connection to terminal areas • B-RNAV limited to RNAV procedures above MSA, designed according to en-route principles P-RNAV (Precision RNAV): • Track keeping accuracy +/- 1NM for at least 95% of the f light time • Inputs from VOR/DME, DME/DME or GNSS and/or INS (for a limited time) • P-RNAV used for navigation in terminal areas (obstacle clearance granted, when P-RNAV requirements are met) for: - Arrivals, departures; and - Approaches up to the FAWP (final approach waypoint). RNP-RNAV (Required Navigation Performance for Area Navigation): • Final step for a global area navigation • Functionality and integrity for all phases of flight, including approaches • Track keeping accuracy to prescribed RNP values • Typical RNP values - RNP 0.3NM - RNP 0.1NM • Several aviation authorities started to publish RNAV approaches overlaying conventional non-precision approaches. • These approaches must not be mixed up with (stand-alone) RNP-approaches. • They simply enable crews to let the RNAV-system navigate the aircraft also during the approach, with conventional navigation additionally available to constantly monitor the approach progress. • Overlay approaches: - Any RNAV system meeting minimum requirements - Overlaying a conventional approach - Conventional navigation permanently available • RNAV (GPS) approaches: - Precision RNAV required - GPS required to achieve this specific NAV performance - Stand alone approach (no reference to ground navigational aids) The following table gives a final overview to this complex topic and indicates when additional training is required: Phase of Flight
Minimum RNAV System
Operation below MSA approved?
Reqired NAV Performance
Special Training required?
EN-ROUTE
B-RNAV
NO
± 5,0 NM
NO
TERMINAL AREA
P-RNAV
YES
± 1,0 NM
YES *)
FINAL APPROACH
RNP-RNAV
YES
± 0,3 NM
YES *)
*) Note: Lufthansa Aviation Training’s instructors are competent to deliver respective special training.
Practical Training & Checking • The practical training is performed during one four-hour FFS mission. • Every pilot performs four RNAV approaches as PF and four RNAV approaches as PM. • Approaches are performed with and without system malfunctions. • RNAV competence is not addressed during a type rating skill test. • Consequently, there is no requirement to perform RNAV approaches during a skill test.
Last Update: 05.01.2017 / © Lufthansa Aviation Training / Revisionsnr. 6 Lufthansa Aviation Training Germany GmbH Airportring, Tor 24, 60549 Frankfurt, E-mail :
[email protected] lufthansa-aviation-training.com
2/2