Remaja dan Kesehatan Reproduksi (Adolescent and Reproduction Health)

W b v k m q m o T r v z m W { m ` : 4 = = x=

ZBIMLM FMO NBWB@MVMO NBWB@MVMO ZBTZCFRNWK WBVKMQMO TRVZM W[M@ J:2==444== TW Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrv Tbzvmokmo Jcacz

K/

Tbofm`rhrmo Zbimlm {moa fmhmi jm`mwm zbwiko{m fkwbjrv mfchbwgbog jbzmwmh fmzk

jm`mwm Hmvko (mfchbwgbzb ( mfchbwgbzb ++ {moa jbzmzvk vrijr` ibogmtmk nbimvmoamo (Tzk`mvko :441+ ibzrtmnmo imwm tbzmhk`mo fmzk imwm nmomn)nmomn iborlr nb imwm ibogmtmk nbimvmoamo fkimom ibzrtmnmo wrmvr vm`mtmo twknchcak tbznbijmoamo {moa ‘zbovmo’ fboamo jbzjmamk imgmi tbzrjm`mo jmkn wbgmzm ekwkn twknkw mvmr

jkchcakw/ Twknchca Tkmabv iboamvmnmo jm`qm wbgmzm twknchcakw zbimlm mfmhm` wrmvr rwkm fkimom kofkukfr ibolmfk vbzkovbazmwk nb fmhmi imw{mzmnmv fbqmwm wrmvr rwkm fk imom momn vkfmn ibzmwm jm`qm fkzko{m jbzmfm fk jmqm` vkoanmv czmoa vrm mvmr wbvkfmno{m wblmlmz (Tzk`mvko :441+/ Imwm zbimlm mfmhm` wrmvr vm`mt movmzm momn ‗ momn fboamo imwm fbqmwm/ Kwvkhm` kok iborolrnnmo fmzk mqmh trjbzvmw wmitmk vbzgmtmko{m nbimvmoamo jkmwmo{m irhmk fmzk rwkm =6 vm`ro tmfm tzkm fmo =: vm`ro tmfm qmokvm/ Vzmowkwk nbimwm fbtmo jbzumzkmwk fmzk wrmvr jrfm{m nb nbjrfm{mmo hmko omiro wbgmzm riri fk fbekokwknmo wbjmamk qmnvr fkimom kofkukfr jbzvkofmn vbzhbtmw fmzk czmoa vrm ibzbnm/ Fbekokwk zbimlm {moa fkaromnmo chb` Fbtmzvbibo Nbwb`mvmo Zbtrjhkn Kofcobwkm mfmhm` ibzbnm {moa jbzrwkm =4 wmitmk fboamo =; vm`ro fmo jbhri iboknm`/ Zbimlm ibikhknk tbzmo jbwmz fmhmi ibobovrnmo vkoanmv tbzvrijr`mo tbofrfrn {moa fkkofknmwknmo fboamo jbwmzo{m tzctczwk zbimlm (Kofzmqmovk fmo Wmflkiko :44:+/ Iborzrv Q@C (=;;2+ wbtbzhkim fmzk tbofrfrn frokm mfmhm` zbimlm jbzrwkm =4)=; vm`ro/ Fmvm tzcekh nbwb`mvmo Kofcobwkm vm`ro :444 ibo{bjrvnmo lrihm` fmo tbzwbovmwb tbofrfrn achcoamo rwkm =4):6 vm`ro (fbekokwk Q@C rovrn {croa tbcthb + mfmhm` 56 lrvm czmoa mvmr wbnkvmz 7=" fmzk vcvmh wbhrzr` tctrhmwk/ Wbfmoanmo rovrn zbimlm rwkm =4)=; vm`ro (fbekokwk Q@C rovrn mfchbwbogb + jbzlrihm` 66 lrvm mvmr :=" fmzk vcvmh wbhrzr` tctrhmwk (Tzk`mvko :441+/ Tmfm vm`ro :446 Nkvvkoa ibhmtcznmo Wbnkvmz :4" fmzk tbofrfrn Kofcobwkm mfmhm` zbimlm Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz

W b v k m q m o T r v z m W { m ` : 4 = = x:

jbzrwkm =2):6 vm`ro mvmr wbvmzm fboamo 6=6 lrvm czmoa (Orzwmh :440+/ Tzctczwk {moa jbwmz tmfm rwkm kok iboakofknmwknmo jm`qm tbofrfrn tmfm nbhcitcn kok ibikhknk tbzmo {moa wmoamv jbwmz fmhmi ibobovrnmo vkoanmv tbzvrijr`mo wrmvr obamzm/ Jbwmzo{m tzctczwk tbofrfrn jbzrwkm irfm wbgmzm vbczkvkw ibitro{mk frm imnom Tbzvmim jbwmzo{m tbofrfrn rwkm irfm ibzrtmnmo icfmh tbijmoaromo {mkvr wbjmamk emnvcz tzcfrnwk vbomam imorwkm ( `rimo zbwcrzgbw + mtmjkhm ibzbnm fmtmv fkimoemmvnmo wbgmzm vbtmv fmo jmkn/ Ibimoemmvnmo ibzbnm wbgmzm vbtmv fmo jmkn fktbzhrnmo jbjbzmtm tbzw{mzmvmo/ Fk movmzmo{m mfmhm` nbimitrmo nbmn`hkmo nbimitrmo nbvbzmitkhmo fmo nbwbitmvmo rovrn jbznmz{m/ Nbfrm mtmjkhm tbzw{mzmvmo vbzwbjrv vkfmn fmtmv fkikhknk chb` tbofrfrn rwkm irfm {moa vbzlmfk mfmhm` wbjmhkno{m {mkvr tbofrfrn rwkm irfm lrwvzr ibolmfk jbjmo tbijmoaromo (Hmnwikqmvk :444+/ Imwm zbimlm fkqmzomk chb` tbzvrijr`mo tbzrjm`mo irogrho{m jbzjmamk nbwbitmvmo fmo wbzkoanmhk iboa`mfmtk zbwknc)zbwknc nbwb`mvmo/ Tmfm imwm kok vbzlmfk tbzrjm`mo ekwkn {moa fkvmofmk fboamo irogrho{m vmofm)vmofm wbnw tzkibz fmo wbnrofbz wbzvm tbzrjm`mo nblkqmmo ibhktrvk tbzrjm`mo bicwk ibolmfk wbowkvke fmo tbzkhmnr koako ibogcjm `mh)`mh jmzr/ Ibwnktro zbimlm wrfm` imvmoa wbgmzm czamo wbnwrmh vbvmtk bicwk fmo nbtzkjmfkmoo{m imwk` hmjkh nmzbom imwk` ibogmzk lmvk fkzko{m wb`koaam zbovmo vbz`mfmt jbzjmamk acfmmo fmhmi hkoanroamo tbzamrhmoo{m/ Zbimlm gbofbzroa koako vm`r fmo ibogcjm)gcjm mtm {moa fkhmnrnmo chb` czmoa fbqmwm (Fbqk :44;+/ Iborzrv Tzk`mvko (:441+ Tbznbijmoamo bicwk tmfm zbimlm fkvmofmk fboamo wkemv bicwkcomh {moa ibhbfmn ‗ hbfmn wrhkv rovrn fknbofmhknmo/ Fkwmvr tk`mn bicwk {moa iboaabjr ‗ abjr kok ibimoa ibo{rhkvnmo vbzrvmim rovrn czmoa hmko fmhmi iboabzvk lkqm zbimlm/ Bicwk {moa vkfmn vbznbofmhk fkwbjmjnmo movmzm hmko (vbzimwrn czmoa vrm+ nmzbom ncoehkn tbzmo {moa wbfmoa fkmhmik chb` zbimlm/ Mtmjkhm wbczmoa zbimlm vkfmn jbz`mwkh iboamvmwk wkvrmwk ) wkvrmwk nzkwkw fmhmi zmoanm iboamvmwk ncoehkn tbzmo fmhmi fkzko{m nmzbom km vbzhmhr iboaknrvk ablchmn bicwko{m nbiroankomoo{m fkm mnmo vbztbzmoanmt imwrn nb lmhmo {moa wmhm`/ Fmzk wrfrv tmofmoa nbwb`mvmo imw{mzmnmv vkofmnmo {moa iboan`mqmvkznmo mfmhm` imwmhm`

nbwb`mvmo

zbtzcfrnwk

zbimlm/

Ablchmn)ablchmn

zbimlm

{moa

vbhm`

fkwbjrvnmo fkmvmw lknm fkfczcoa chb` zmoawmoamo wbnwrmh fmtmv ibijmqm zbimlm Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz

W b v k m q m o T r v z m W { m ` : 4 = = x7

tmfm tbzkhmnr {moa fmitmno{m ibzraknmo zbimlm kvr wbofkzk/ Nbakmvmo wbnwrmh ibobitmvnmo tcwkwk zbimlm tmfm vmovmoamo zbwknc vbz`mfmt jbzjmamk imwmhm` nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk/ Imwmhm` {moa jbznmkvmo fboamo wbnw jbjmw ( rotzcvbgvbf wbprmhkv{ + tbo{bjmzmo tbo{mnkv nbhmiko nb`mikhmo fk hrmz oknm` mvmr nb`mikhmo {moa vkfmn fknb`bofmnk (mfchbgbov roqmovbf tzmaomog{ + fk nmhmoamo zbimlm fmtmv iboamnkjmvnmo tborhmzmo TIW fmo @KU)MKFW wbzvm mjczwk vkfmn mimo/ Tmfm zbimlm wbzkoa vbzlmfk tboaarommo OMT\M (Omzncvknm Twkncvzctknm fmo \mv mfknvke hmkoo{m+ {moa jkmwmo{m fkknrvk fboamo `rjroamo wbnwrmh fk hrmz oknm` fboamo jbzamovk)amovk tmwmoamo {moa ibokoanmvnmo zkwknc vbzvrhmz TIW (Tbo{mnkv Iborhmz Wbnwrmh+ fmo @KU)MKFW (Orzwmh :440+/

KK/

Tbzkhmnr Wbnwrmh Zbimlm Wblmn zbimlm ibimwrnk nb`kfrtmo wcwkmho{m wbkzkoa fboamo tbzrjm`mo

`czicob fmo ncofkwk ekwkn zbimlm tmfm imwm mqmh trjbzvmw zbimlm irhmk iboamhmik nbvbzvmzknmo nbtmfm vbimo hmqmo lbokwo{m/ Tbznbijmoamo wcwkmh kofkukfr fboamo nbhcitcno{m mnmo ibitboamzr`k wbwbczmoa rovrn jbzkovbzmnwk wb`koaam vkfmn fmtmv fktroankzk lknm tbzvbimomo movmz hmqmo lbokw jkwm ibijrmv wbwbczmoa iboamhmik nbvbzvmzknmo/ Tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh mfmhm` wbamhm vkoanm` hmnr {moa fkfczcoa chb` `mwzmv wbnwrmh jmkn fboamo hmqmo lbokwo{m imrtro fboamo wbwmim lbokw/ Tzkhmnr wbnwrmh jmak zbimlm fkachcoanmo fmhmi tzkhmnr wbnwrmh tzmoknm` {moa fkwbjrv tmgmzmo/ Ablmhm tbzkhmnr tmgmzmo wrfm` wmoamv riri fknmhmoamo imw{mzmnmv Kofcobwkm/ Jm`nmo tbzkhmnr kok lram fkhmnrnmo chb` zbimlm {moa imwk` frfrn fk jmoanr wbnchm` iboboam`/ Jkwm fkmimvk trhm fk jbzjmamk ibfkm imwwm {moa ibijkfkn tmwmzmo momn rwkm wbnchm` iboboam` wbjmamk vmzabv tmwmz jmo{mn iboamoanmv vrhkwmo iboabomk `rjroamo movmz hmqmo lbokw {moa ibzbnm wbjrv wbjmamk tmgmzmo/ Tmgmzmo ibzrtmnmo tzcwbw iboabomh fmo ibim`mik hmqmo lbokwo{m fmo jbhmlmz ibijkom `rjroamo fboamo hmqmo lbokw wbjmamk tbzwkmtmo wbjbhri iboknm` rovrn iboa`kofmzk vbzlmfko{m nbvkfmngcgcnmo fmo tbzimwmhm`mo tmfm wmmv wrfm` iboknm`/ Imwkoa)imwkoa jbzrwm`m iboabomh nbjkmwmmo nmzmnvbz mvmr wkemv wbzvm zbmnwk)zbmnwk vbz`mfmt jbzjmamk imwmhm` imrtro tbzkwvkqm (Fbqk :44;+/ Tmgmzmo Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz


ibzrtmnmo nbomoamo {moa wmoamv iboabwmonmo jmak zbimlm tmfm nb`kfrtmoo{m {moa ibofmvmoa/ Imwm)imwm tmgmzmo fmtmv fklmfknmo tzcwbw tbijbhmlmzmo mnmo nbimlbirnmo jm`qm imorwkm fkgktvmnmo jbzjbfm wb`koaam fmtmv ibokijrhnmo wmhkoa tboabzvkmo fmo nmwk` wm{moa fmo imwm)imwm tmgmzmo wb`mzrwo{m fmtmv ibitbznm{m qmqmwmo czmoa {moa wbfmoa jbztmgmzmo mnmo nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk/ Iborzrv Fbqk (:44;+ tmgmzmo ibijbzknmo nbwbitmvmo jmak zbimlm rovrn ibokoanmvnmo nbimitrmo wcwkmh fmo kovbztbzwcomh ibzbnm/ Tmgmzmo lram ibitbzwkmtnmo zbimlm rovrn ibikhk` tmwmoamo `kfrt/ Tmfm jbjbzmtm zbimlm tmgmzmo lram fkimoemmvnmo rovrn ibhmnrnmo tbzgcjmmo mnvkukvmw wbnwrmh/ Wbnwrmhkvmw wrfm` jbznbijmoa wblmn rwkm nmomn)nmomn/ Wbnwrmhkvmw tmzm zbimlm fkirhmk fmzk tbzrjm`mo)tbzrjm`mo vrjr` emmhk {moa ibokijrhnmo vrlrmo jmzr fmzk fczcoamo wbnwrmh {mkvr zbtzcfrnwk/ Fczcoamo wbnwrmh ibzrtmnmo tbzmwmmo bzcvkn mvmr vbzmoawmoa vbz`mfmt hmqmo lbokw fboamo vrlrmo mn`kz ibhmnrnmo `rjroamo wbnwrmh/ Fczcoamo wbnwrmh fmo tbzmwmmo gkovm {moa irhmk irogrh tmfm zbimlm ibokijrhnmo bnwtzbwk wbnwrmh fmhmi jbovrn tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh/ Jmkn zbimlm trvzm imrtro trvzk mnmo ibzmwmnmo mfmo{m wrmvr fczcoamo wbnwrmh {moa fmtmv ibo{bjmjnmo zbimlm koako ibhmnrnmo `rjroamo wbnwrmh tzmoknm` (Fbqk :44;+/ Iborzrv Irww (=;;4+ fmgr fmhmi Fbqk (:44;+ tbzkhmnr wbnw {moa fkhmnrnmo wmmv jbztmgmzmo fkirhmk fmzk gkrimo wbhmimv imhmi jbztbhrnmo gkrimo {moa ibofmhmi (gkrimo fk jkjkz fmo hb`bz+ tbvvkoa zkoamo wmitmk jbzmv fmo jbz`rjroamo wbnw/ Fmhmi jbztmgmzmo zbimlm ibhkjmvnmo jbjbzmtm ncovmn ekwkn irhmk fmzk jbztbamoamo vmoamo jbzgkrimo mvmr jbztbhrnmo jm`nmo jbz`rjroamo wbnwrmh/ Wbhmko kvr fmhmi jbztmgmzmo jkmwmo{m zbimlm lram ibhmnrnmo obgnkoa fmo tbvvkoa/ Tbobhkvkmo {moa fkhmnrnmo chb` Qkflmomznc (:441+ vbovmoa tzkhmnr jbztmgmzmo zbimlm fk Nrfrw fknbvm`rk jm`qm mnvkekvmw {moa fkhmnrnmo nbvknm tmgmzmo wbjmo{mn 77" iboamvmnmo nbvknm tmgmzmo `mo{m jbzjmak gbzkvm fboamo tmgmzo{m :7" tbzak jbzfrmmo =1" ibo{mvmnmo ibzbnm tbamoamo vmoamo ;" ibibhrn tmgmzo{m ;" ibogkri 5" imnmo jbzfrmmo fmo mfm 7" {moa ibhmnrnmo `rjroamo wrmik kwvzk/ Tbobhkvkmo hmko {moa fkhmnrnmo chb` Fmim{movk (:440+ fkmgr fmhmi Orzwmh (:440+ vbz`mfmt zbimlm fk WHVM Lmnmzvm fktbzchb` `mwkh jm`qm tbzkhmnr tmgmzmo zbimlm mfmhm` iboacjzch tbamoamo vmoamo jbzmoanrhmo jbzgkrimo tktk jbztbhrnmo jbzgkrimo jkjkz ibzmjm)zmjm fmfm ibzmjm mhmv nbhmiko iboaabwbn nbhmiko wbnw Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz


czmh fmo `rjroamo wbnw/ Tbobhkvkmo {moa fkhmnrnmo Obok (:446+ fkmgr fmhmi Orzwmh (:440+ tmfm irzkf WIR ; Tmfmoa ibobirnmo 10" irzkf vbhm` ibhmnrnmo `rjroamo wbnw/ Vrlrmo fmzk tbobhkvkmo kok rovrn iboabvm`rk tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh irzkf WIR Obabzk fk Tmfmoa fmo emnvcz)emnvcz {moa jbz`rjroamo fboamoo{m/ Tmfm vkoanmv WHVT fkhmtcznmo chb` Kofmzwkvm (:445+ jm`qm tzkhmnr nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk wkwqm WHVTO Ibfmo tmfm vm`ro :44: fktbzchb` :0" jbztzkhmnr nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk {moa vbzimwrn jbzbwknc/ Tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh {moa jmo{mn fkhmnrnmo chb` zbimlm fmtmv ibokijrhnmo jbzjmamk fmitmn wbtbzvk {moa fklbhmwnmo fmhmi vmjbh jbzknrv kok< Vmjbh =/ Fmitmn Tbzkhmnr Wbnwrmh TBZKHMNR

MWKNO[M

OAAMN MWKNO[M

Oaamn fkwmhrznmo

• oaamn ibzmwm jbzfcwm • oaamn jmnmh `mikh • fkvbzkim imw{mzmnmv

• oaamn ‟azboa–

Tbamoamo vmoamo

• mimo • oaamn jmnmhmo `mikh • fkvbzkim imw{mzmnmv

• jcwmo • oaamn wbzr

• oaamn `mikh • zcimovkw • jkwm fkoknimvk

• imhr nmhc nbvmrmo • ibzmwm jbzfcwm • jkwm orhmzko tbo{mnkv

• Mimo fmzk nb`mikhmo • Jkwm trmw lram • mimo fmzk TIW#MKFW

• ibzmwm jbzwmhm` • ibzmwm jbzfcwm

• jkwm trmw lram • Nbiroankomo `mikh nbgkh (jrnmo jbzmzvk oaamn jkwm+ • Hbjk` ‟azboa– fkjmofkoa gkrimo

• jkwm iborhmznmo TIW • jkwm ibokijrhnmo hbgbv fk mhmv nbhmiko

• tmhkoa ‘`bjc`’ • umzkmwk jmo{mn • wbowmwk tmhkoa ‘azboa’

• zbwknc `mikh jbwmz • Zbwknc vbzvrhmz TIW • zbwknc fkgbhm imw{mzmnmv

Gkrimo

Imwvrzjmwk

Tbvvkoa

@rjroamo wbnw

Wrijbz < Fbqk :44; Tmfm imwm zbimlm zmwm koako vm`r vbz`mfmt imwmhm` wbnwrmh wmoamv tbovkoa fmhmi tbijbovrnmo `rjroamo jmzr {moa hbjk` imvmoa fboamo hmqmo lbokw wbtbzvk Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz


jbztmgmzmo/ Koeczimwk vbovmoa imwmhm` wbnwrmh wrfm` wb`mzrwo{m irhmk fkjbzknmo mamz zbimlm vkfmn ibogmzk koeczimwk fmzk czmoa hmko mvmr fmzk wrijbz)wrijbz {moa vkfmn lbhmw mvmr jm`nmo nbhkzr wmim wbnmhk/ Tbijbzkmo koeczimwk imwmhm` wbnwrmh ibolmfk tbovkoa iboakoamv zbimlm jbzmfm fmhmi tcvbowk wbnwrmh {moa mnvke nmzbom jbznmkvmo fboamo fczcoamo wbnwrmh {moa fktboamzr`k `czico fmo wbzkoa vkfmn ibikhknk koeczimwk {moa grnrt iboabomk mnvkukvmw wbnwrmh ibzbnm wbofkzk/ Vbovr wmlm `mh vbzwbjrv mnmo wmoamv jbzjm`m{m jmak tbznbijmoamo lkqm zbimlm jkhm vkfmn ibikhknk tboabvm`rmo fmo koeczimwk {moa vbtmv/

KKK/

Emnvcz {moa Ibitboamzr`k Tbzkhmnr Wbnwrmh Zbimlm Wbgmzm amzkw jbwmz emnvcz)emnvcz {moa jbztboamzr` vbz`mfmt tbzkhmnr

zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm vbzfkzk fmzk emnvcz fk hrmz kofkukfr fmo emnvcz fk fmhmi kofkukfr/ Emnvcz fk hrmz kofkukfr mfmhm` emnvcz hkoanroamo fk imom zbimlm vbzwbjrv jbzmfm/ Emnvcz hkoanroamo kok jbzumzkmwk imgmio{m mfm vbimo wbtbzimkomo (tbbz)azcrt+ tboamzr` ibfkm imwwm fmo vbhbukwk jm`nmo emnvcz czmoa vrm wbofkzk (Vmrekn fmo Moamov`k :442+/ Wbfmoa emnvcz fk fmhmi kofkukfr {moa grnrt ibocolch mfmhm` wknmt tbzikwke (wknmt wbzjm jchb`+ fmzk kofkukfr {moa jbzwmoanrvmo/ Wbibovmzm wknmt tbzikwke kok wmoamv fktboamzr`k chb` hkoanroamo (Hmnwikqmvk :444+/ Emnvcz hmko {moa fmtmv ibitboamzr`k wbczmoa zbimlm ibhmnrnmo wbnw jbjmw nmzbom fkfczcoa chb` zmwm koako vm`r {moa jbwmz rovrn ibogcjm wbamhm `mh {moa jbhri fknbvm`rk/ Kok ibzrtmnmo gkzk)gkzk zbimlm tmfm ririo{m/ Zbimlm koako iboabvm`rk jmo{mn `mh {moa `mo{m fmtmv fktrmwnmo wbzvm fkqrlrfnmoo{m ibhmhrk tboamhmimo ibzbnm wbofkzk (Vmrekn fmo Moamov`k :442+/ Orzwmh (:440+ ibomijm`nmo jm`qm emnvcz {moa ibo{bjmjnmo wb`koaam vbzlmfko{m tbzrjm`mo tmofmoamo

tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh tmfm

zbimlm nmzbom tboamqmwmo fmo tbz`mvkmo czmoa vrm fmo nbhrmzam {moa hcoaamz tchm tbzamrhmo jbjmw hkoanroamo tbzikwke wbimnko jmo{mno{m `mh)`mh {moa ibijbzknmo zmoawmoamo wbnwrmh wmoamv irfm` fklritmk fmo emwkhkvmw wbzkoanmhk fkjbzknmo chb` nbhrmzam vmotm fkwmfmzk/ Jbjbzmtm

emnvcz

hmko

{moa

fkwbjrvnmo

chb`

Wmzqcoc

(:446+

{moa

ibitboamzr`k irogrho{m imwmhm` nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm mfmhm` > m+/ ibokoanmvo{m hkjkfc wbnwrmhkvmw {moa ibijrvr`nmo tbo{mhrzmo fmhmi jbovrn Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz


vkoanm` hmnr wbnwrmh j+/ tborofmmo rwkm tbznmqkomo g+/ vmjr hmzmoamo jbzhmnro{m oczim)oczim mamim {moa ibhmzmoa wbwczmoa ibhmnrnmo `rjroamo wbnwrmh wbjbhri iboknm` jmak zbimlm {moa vkfmn fmtmv ibom`mo fkzk mnmo gbofbzroa ibhmoaamzo{m/ f+/ nrzmoa koeczimwk vbovmoa wbnw {mkvr nmzbom jbhri hboanmto{m koeczimwk {moa jbomz mfm nbgbofzroamo ibokzr mtm {moa fkhk`mv fmo fkfboamz fmzk ibfkm imwwm/ b+/ tbzamrhmo {moa wbimnko jbjmw `mh kok jbznbijmoa nmzbom ibokoanmvo{m tbzmo qmokvm fkfmhmi imw{mzmnmv {moa nbfrfrnmoo{m imnko wblmlmz wb`koaam tbzamrhmotro imnko jbjmw/ M/ Vbimo Wbtbzimkomo (tbbz)azcrt+ Koeczimwk iboabomk nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk fmo `rjroamo wbnwrmh {moa fktbzchb` fmzk vbimo wbjm{m (tbbz+ wbfknkv jmo{mn vbhm` ibijbzknmo fczcoamo rovrn ibobvrnmo tzkhmnr wbnwrmh zbimlm fmhmi ibhmnrnmo kovbzmnwk fboamo tmwmoamo/ Vbczk hmko ibo{mvmnmo frnroamo vbimo ibolmfk wmhm` wmvr icvkumwk fmo tbijbovrnmi kfbovkvmw fkzk wbczmoa zbimlm fmhmi ibhmnrnmo wcwkmhkwmwk vbzrvmim wmmv fkm ibolmhko mwimzm fboamo hmqmo lbokw/ Wbhmolrvo{m vbimo wbjm{m fmhmi tbzamrhmo nmfmoanmhm ibolmfk wmhm` wmvr wrijbz koeczimwk {moa grnrt wkaokeknmo fmhmi ibijbovrn tboabvm`rmo wbnwrmh fknmhmoamo zbimlm jm`mnmo koeczimwk vbimo wbjm{m jkwm ibokijrhnmo fmitmn obamvke nmzbom koeczimwk {moa ibzbnm tbzchb` `mo{m ibhmhrk vm{moamo ibfkm imwwm wbtbzvk> ekhi UGFvbhbukwk imrtro tboamhmimo fkzk wbofkzk (Tzk`mvko :441+/ Gchhkow fmo Hcrzwbo fkmgr fmhmi (Tzk`mvko :441+ ibo{mvmnmo zbimlm gbofbzroa hbjk` vbzjrnm fmhmi ibo{bhmkwmknmo imwmhm` fboamo nbhcitcno{m `mh kok nmzbom mfmo{m ncoehkn mvmr tbzjbfmmo okhmk {moa fkmorv zbimlm fboamo nbhrmzam/ Fboamo fbiknkmo tbzmo vbimo wbjm{m jmak zbimlm wmoamv jbzmzvk fmhmi ibolmhko koeczimwk iboabomk nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk fmo wbamhm tzcjhbimvknm wbnwrmh fk nmhmoamo zbimlm/ J/ Nbhrmzam Tbzrjm`mo jbovrn nbhrmzam lram jbzmnkjmv mfmo{m tbzrjm`mo fmhmi wkemv `rjroamo movmzm czmoa vrm fboamo momn)momn ibzbnm n`rwrwo{m momn)momn zbimlm/ Tbzrjm`mo vbzwbjrv mfmhm` fmhmi mzm` wbimnko jbznrzmoao{m tboamqmwmo

Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz


czmoa vrm vbz`mfmt momn)momno{m fmo wbimnko vbztkwm`o{m czmoa vrm fmo momn) momn ibzbnm nb fmhmi frm frokm {moa jbzjbfm/ Tbzmo czmoa vrm fmhmi ibofkfkn momn wmoamv ibobovrnmo tbijbovrnmo nmzmnvbz fmo tbznbijmoamo nbtzkjmfkmo momn/ Wbhmolrvo{m `rjroamo nciroknmwk {moa jmkn movmzm czmoa vrm fmo momn mnmo ibogktvmnmo wmhkoa ibim`mik vbz`mfmt imwmhm` ‗ imwmhm` nbhrmzam n`rwrwo{m iboabomk tzcjhbimvknm zbimlm wb`koaam mnmo jbztboamzr` vbz`mfmt wknmt fmo tbzkhmnr {moa fkjmqm momn {moa wbwrmk fboamo okhmk ‗ okhmk {moa fkvmominmo nbtmfm momn chb` czmoa vrm ibzbnm (Fmukw :445 fkmgr fmhmi Tzk`mvko :441+/ Tbofmtmv hmko ibo{mvmnmo jm`qm czmoa vrm ibibamoa tbzmomo tbovkoa rovrn ibokoanmvnmo tboabvm`rmo momn zbimlm wbgmzm riri fmo n`rwrwo{m nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk (@mijmhk :444+/ Tbzimwmhm`mo {moa wbzkoa irogrh mfmhm` jm`qm wbjmakmo czmoa vrm fmo hkoanroamo imwk` iboamoaamt vmjr rovrn ibijkgmzmnmo imwmhm` wbnw/ Mfmo{m moaamtmo jm`qm ibijkgmzmnmo vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo wbnwrmh mfmhm` `mh {moa ibimhrnmo fmo vmjr jmak nbhrmzam fmo imw{mzmnmv ibijrmv zbimlm {moa `mrw koeczimwk jbzrwm`m wbofkzk ibogmzk koeczimwk/ Vbznmfmoa koeczimwk {moa fk fmtmv imhm` ibo{bwmvnmo fmo wbvboam`)wbvboam`/ Iborzrv Wrzcoc (=;;1+ fkmgr fmhmi Orzwmh (:440+ tboabvm`rmo {moa wbvboam` wbvboam` lrwvzr hbjk` jbzjm`m{m nbvkijmoa vkfmn vm`r wmim wbnmhk vbvmtk nbvkfmnvm`rmo lram ibijm`m{mnmo/ Tboabvm`rmo wbnwrmh {moa `mo{m wbvboam`)wbvboam` vkfmn `mo{m ibofczcoa zbimlm rovrn ibogcjm)gcjm vmtk lram jkwm ibokijrhnmo wmhm` tbzwbtwk/ Nciroknmwk mfmhm` kovk wrnwbwo{m wrmvr `rjroamo movmzm czmoa vrm fmo zbimlm/ @rjroamo nciroknmwk wbgmzm hmogmz fmo vbzjrnm `mzrw wbhmhr fklmam mamz fmtmv fknbvm`rk `mh ‗ `mh {moa fkkoakonmo chb` zbimlm wb`rjroamo fboamo tbzvrijr`mo fmo tbznbijmoamo zbimlm/ Hbjk` lmr` fknmvmnmo jm`qm czmoa vrm `mzrw fmtmv ibo{bfkmnmo qmnvr {moa grnrt rovrn jbzkovbzmnwk fboamo momn zbimlm fk zrim` fmo jbzjkgmzm mtmwmlm iboabomk nb`kfrtmo {moa jbz`rjroamo fboamo zbimlm fmo lmoamo iboaarzrk mvmr iboamvmnmo ’vkfmn’ wbzvm fmtmv ibolmfk vbimo {moa jmkn

jmak zbimlm (Tzk`mvko :441+/


W b v k m q m o T r v z m W { m ` : 4 = = x;

G/ Ibfkm Imwwm Wbhmko ibhmhrk vbimo wrijbz koeczimwk rvmim zbimlm vbomoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk tmfm ririo{m mfmhm` ibfkm imwwm (gbvmn fmo bhbnvzcokn+/ Kofmzwkvm (:445+ ibhmtcznmo ibfkm gbvmn fmo ibfkm bhbnvzcokn imwkoa)imwkoa ibikhknk =;2" fmo 777" tzctczwk fmhmi ibokoanmvnmo tzkhmnr nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk jbzbwknc tmfm zbimlm/ Fbqmwm kok zmoawmoamo wbnwrmh ibhmhrk ibfkm ukwrmh (vbhbukwk jkcwnct ugf kovbzobv+ ibfkm gbvmn (imlmhm` jrnr)jrnr wvbowkhmo ocubh zcimo fmo nczmo+ wmoamvhm` vbzjrnm fboamo hbjmz fmo iboaahcjmh wmoamvhm` ibijrmv qmw) qmw jmo{mn tk`mn fknmzbomnmo nbvkfmnvm`rmo zbimlm fmhmi ibim`mik imwmhm` wbnw nmzbom zbimlm ibijm`mwo{m fboamo vbimo)vbimo wbjm{m ( tbbz) azcrt + {moa vkfmn vm`r wbgmzm jbomz mtm wbjbvrho{m wbnw kvr (Qkflmomznc :441+/

Iborzrv

Kofmzwkvm (:445+ tzkhmnr nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk {moa jbzbwknc tmfm zbimlm jmo{mn fkwbjmjnmo chb` nmzbom koeczimwk vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk vbzrvmim wbnw hbjk` irfm` fktbzchb` nmzbom mnwbwo{m jmo{mn movmzm hmko ibhmhrk ibfkm gbvmn (jrnr imlmhm` wvbowkhmo+ fmo bhbnvzcokn (zmfkc vbhbukwb fmo Kovbzobv+/ Fboamo imnko wbzkoao{m zbimlm vbztmtmz chb` `mh)`mh vbzwbjrv imnm ibiroankonmo jmak ibzbnm rovrn jbztbzkhmnr nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnvke {moa jbzbwknc/ Tmtmzmo koeczimwk wbnwrmh ibhmhrk ibfkm imwwm vkfmn jbakvr jmo{mn ibijbzknmo ncovzkjrwk tcwkvke jmak zbimlm/ Vkfmn lmzmoa koeczimwk {moa {moa fktbzchb` `mo{m jbzrtm mhvbzomvke tbibgm`mo imwmhm` jmak ibzbnm {moa tbzom` ibitro{mk imwmhm` nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk wbtbzvk ncowrhvmwk wbnwchcak fk jbjbzmtm imlmhm` mvmr Nczmo/ Zrjzkn ncowrhvmwk wbtbzvk vbzwbjrv jkmwmo{m fkknrvk chb` ibzbnm {moa wrfm` jbzrim` vmoaam mvmr ibzbnm {moa jbztbzkhmnr vkfmn wb`mv/ Nbmfmmo tboabvm`rmo wbtbzvk kok ibolmfk emnvcz tbovkoa {moa ibo{bjmjnmo ibzbnm wbimnko tbzikwke ibhmnrnmo `rjroamo wbnw tzmoknm` (Hmnwikqmvk :444+/ Irfm`o{m zbimlm ibofmtmvnmo koeczimwk nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk fmzk jbzjmamk ibfkm vmotm mfmo{m jmvmwmo mvmr wbowcz mtmhmak wmmv ibofmtmvnmo koeczimwk vbzwbjrv vkfmn fkfmitkoak chb` nbhrmzam wb`koaam zbimlm vbzwbjrv ibobzkim wbwrmk fboamo mhrz tknkzo{m wbofkzk iboamnkjmvnmo vkfmn lmzmoa vbzlmfko{m tbo{kitmoamo wbnwrmh mnkjmv ibfkm imwwm (Kofmzwkvm :445+/


W b v k m q m o T r v z m W { m ` : 4 = = x =4

KU/

Nbwb`mvmo Zbtzcfrnwk Zbimlm Fbekokwk nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk fmhmi ncoezbowk nbtbofrfrnmo fk Nmkzc =;;6

fkhmofmwnmo tmfm fbekokwk wb`mv iborzrv Q@C {mkvr nbmfmmmo wb`mv wbgmzm ibo{bhrzr` jmkn mwtbn ekwkn ibovmh imrtro wcwkmh fmo jrnmo wbimvm)imvm vbzjbjmw fmzk tbo{mnkv fmo nbgmgmvmo {moa jbznmkvmo fboamo wkwvbi zbtzcfrnwk eroawk fmo tzcwbwo{m (KGTF =;;6 fkmgr fmhmi Trzqmovc :444+/ Nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk ibogmnrt vkam ncitcobo {mkvr> nbimitrmo (mjkhkv{+ nbjbz`mwkhmo (wrggbww+ fmo nbmimomo (wmebv{+/ Nbimitrmo jbzmzvk fmtmv jbzbtzcfrnwk/ Nbjbz`mwkhmo jbzmzvk fmtmv iboa`mwkhnmo momn wb`mv {moa vrijr` fmo jbznbijmoa/ Nbmimomo jbzmzvk wbirm tzcwbww zbtzcfrnwk vbzimwrn `rjroamo wbnw nb`mikhmo tbzwmhkomo ncovzmwbtwk fmo mjczvrw wb{cakmo{m jrnmo ibzrtmnmo mnvkekvmw {moa jbzjm`m{m (Meemof{ =;;1+/ Nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm ibogmnrt vkam `mh (Kofzmqmovk fmo Wmflkiko :44:+ {mkvr> =+/ Nbwb`mvmo imwm zbimlm nbvknm wbgmzm jkchcakw nb`kfrtmo wbnwrmho{m irhmk mnvke fmo nbvknm nmri qmokvm irhmk iboamhmik `mkf/ @mkf wbtbzvk lram `mikh mfmhm` tzcwbw qmlmz {moa vbzlmfk tmfm nmri qmokvm vbvmtk fmtmv lram ibitboamzr`k nbwb`mvmoo{m/ Imwmhm` jm`m{m tbo{mnkv nbhmiko MKFW lram irhmk fktbz`mvknmo fmo fkwmzmnmo wblmn rwkm kok nmzbom fmitmno{m fmvm jbznbhmolrvmo wmitmk ibzbnm vrm/ :+/ Nbwb`mvmo wbqmnvr imwm rwkm tzcfrnvke {moa ibogmnrt `mikh fmo wbqmnvr vkfmn `mikh mvmrtro nbvkfmn imitrmo rovrn `mikh/ fbvbnwk fkok vbz`mfmt

nbamomwmo

fmo

nbhmkmomo)nbhmkomo

{moa

wbgmzm

nzcokw

fmtmv

ibitboamzr`k nbwb`mvmo wmitmk vrm `mzrw ibofmtmv tbz`mvkmo wblmn imorwkm fmhmi rwkm tzcfrnvke/ 7+/ Nbwb`mvmo imwm iboctmrwb Iborzrv

Trzqmovc

(:444+

Mamz

wbwbczmoa

fmtmv

ibhmhrk

eroawk

zbtzcfrnwko{m wbgmzm wb`mv nbwb`mvmo `mzrw fklmam wblmn imwk` jbzrwkm zbimlm jm`nmo wblmn imwk` rwkm momn)momn/ Mfm vkam rowrz {moa tbzhr fktbz`mvknmo {mkvr> =/ Ibolmam mamz jmkn hmnk)hmnk imrtro tbzbitrmo jbztzcfrnwk fmhmi nbmfmmo

wb`mv

wbzvm

imitr

iboamwr`

momn)momno{m

wbgmzm

jbzvmoaaroa lmqmj wb`koaam ibzbnmtro nbhmn mnmo imitr ibolmhmok vramw zbtzcfrnwko{m wbgmzm wb`mv trhm/


W b v k m q m o T r v z m W { m ` : 4 = = x ==

:/ Ibolmiko jm`qm ibzbnm mnmo ibhbqmvk imwm zbtzcfrnwko{m wbgmzm mimo vmotm ncithknmwk jmkn wbgmzm ekwkn ibovmh imrtro wcwkmh/ 7/ Ibolmiko jm`qm wbvkmt czmoa ibitro{mk `mn fmo nbwbitmvmo {moa wmim rovrn ibogmtmk wbirm kvr/ Jbzjkgmzm iboabomk nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm fbqmwm kok nbjmo{mnmo fmzk tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh zbimlm vbhm` jmo{mn iboamhmik tbo{kitmoamo Jbzjmamk imgmi

tbobhkvkmo

{moa

fkhmnrnmo

vbz`mfmt

tmzm

zbimlm

iborolrnnmo

nbgbofbzroamo tbzrjm`mo tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh zbimlm/ Fmzk jbjbzmtm tbobhkvkmo vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm {moa vbhm` fkhmnrnmo iborolrnnmo vkoanmv tbzikwkukvmw (wknmt wbzjm jchb`+ zbimlm fk Kofcobwkm grnrt ibitzk`mvkonmo/ Wbtbzvk `mwkh tbobhkvkmo {moa fkhmnrnmo chb` Amvzm jbnbzlm wmim Hmjczmvczkri Khir Tchkvkn Emnrhvmw Khir Wcwkmh fmo Khir Tchkvkn Rokubzwkvmw Kofcobwkm (HKT EKWKT)RK+ ibolmzkoa 044 zbwtcofbo zbimlm jbzrwkm =2):: vm`ro fk Lmnmzvm [ca{mnmzvm Ibfmo Wrzmjm{m fmo Rlroatmofmoa ibolbhmoa mn`kz =;;1/ Tbobhkvkmo kvr fkimnwrfnmo rovrn iboabvm`rk tbz`mvkmo fmo wknmt tmzm zbimlm vbz`mfmt imwmhm` wbnw wcwkmh tchkvkn bncocik okhmk)okhmk mamim fmo jbzjmamk imwmhm` mnvrmh/ Fmzk `mwkh tbobhkvkmo fmtmv fknbvm`rk jm`qm zbwtcofbo iborolrnnmo wknmt {moa imnko tbzikwke (wknmt wbzjm jchb`+ vbz`mfmt tbzkhmnr wbnw am{m icfbzo/ Wbjmo{mn 62;" (751 zbwtcofbo+ ibimofmoa jbztbhrnmo movmzhmqmo lbokw mfmhm` `mh qmlmz 617" (710 zbwtcofbo+ ibijchb`nmo gkri tktk ::" vmn ibomjrnmo gkri jkjkz ==" (00 zbwtcofbo+ ibijchb`nmo obgnkoa mvmr gkri hb`bz mvmr grtmoa 62" (75 zbwtcofbo+ vmn iboa`mzminmo nbakmvmo zmjm)ibzmjm :0" (:: zbwtcofbo+ iboamoaamt qmlmz ibhmnrnmo tbvvkoa (wmhkoa iboaabwbn)abwbnnmo mhmv nbhmiko+ fmo =7" (=4 zbwtcofbo+ vmn ibhmzmoa wmoaamim fk hrmz oknm` (Fbqk :44;+/ Tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh {moa ibo{kimoa vbzwbjrv vbzwbjrv fmtmv fkvkijrhnmo nmzbom jbzjmamk imgmi ncofkwk/ Wbtbzvk tmfm imwm wbnmzmoa kok vbzlmfk nbimlrmo {moa wmoamv tbwmv fmhmi `mh vbnochcak/ Mhmv {moa fkaromnmo rovrn ibitbzirfm` nciroknmwk fmo ibogmzk koeczimwk wbtbzvk vbhbtco wbhrhbz (tcowbh+ fmo kovbzobv wrfm` jmo{mn fkaromnmo/ Mnmo vbvmtk nbgmoaak`mo vbnochcak kok jmo{mn fkwmhm` aromnmo chb` zbimlm ikwmho{m rovrn iboamnwbw wkvrw tczoc ibo{kitmo ukfbc tczoc fmo iboamjmfknmo tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh {moa ibzbnm hmnrnmo/ Jkhm `mh vbzwbjrv fktbztmzm` fboamo mfmo{m koeczimwk fmo tboabvm`rmo vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz

W b v k m q m o T r v z m W { m ` : 4 = = x =:

zbtzcfrnwk fmo @KU#MKFW {moa vkfmn vbtmv imnm zbimlm {moa wbfmoa jbzmfm fmhmi imwm trjbzvmw fmo ibikhknk zmwm koako vm`r {moa vkoaak fmtmv ibhmnrnmo `rjroamo wbnw {moa vkfmn mimo {moa mnmo iboamnkjmvnmo nb`mikhmo {moa vkfmn fkkoakonmo @KU#MKFW imrtro Koebnwk Iborhmz Wbnwrmh (KIW+/

U/

Jbzjmamk Zbwknc Nbwb`mvmo Zbtzcfrnwk Tboabvm`rmo zbimlm {moa zbofm` fmo vkfmn ibimfmk mnmo nbwb`mvmo

zbtzcfrnwk mnmo ibijrmv zbimlm gbofbzroa jbzwknmt obamvke vbovmoa wbnwrmhkvmw/ Nmlkmo {moa fkhmnrnmo chb` Wrz{ctrvzc bv mh/ (:445+ ibitbzkhm`mvnmo vbirmo {moa iboablrvnmo jm`qm tboabvm`rmo zbwtcofbo zbimlm fk lmqm vboam` vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk tmfm ririo{m ‘wmoamv zbofm`’ (hbjk` fmzk 12" zbwtcofbo+/

Vkfmn mfm tbzjbfmmo {moa jbzimnom movmzm im`mwkwqm {moa jbztbofkfknmo hbjk` vkoaak fboamo jrzr` tmjzkn {moa jbztbofkfknmo hbjk` zbofm`/ @mwkho{m jm`nmo hbjk` jrzrn tmfm umzkmjbh tboabvm`rmo ibzbnm iboabomk TIW fmo @KU#MKFW fkimom wbhrzr` zbtcofbo (=44"+ ibitro{mk vkoanmv tboabvm`rmo {moa ‘wmoamv zbofm`’/

@mh kok iboakofknmwknmo mfmo{m nbnrzmoamo koeczimwk fmo tbofkfknmo {moa jbz`rjroamo fboamo nbwb`mvmo wbnwrmh fmo zbtzcfrnwk {moa fktbzhrnmo jmak imw{mzmnmv zbimlm fk Lmqm Vboam`/ Lknm nbmfmmo vbzwbjrv jbzhmoawroa vbzrw mnkjmv obamvke {moa jbznmkvmo fboamo tbzkhmnr wbnwrmh zbimlm {moa jbzkwknc fkn`mqmvkznmo mnmo ibokoanmv fkqmnvr ibofmvmoa/ Tbo{kitmoamo wbnwrmhkvmw fmzk zbimlm vbzwbjrv fmtmv ibokijrhnmo jbzjmamk zbwknc fkmovmzmo{m zbwknc nb`mikhmo mjczwk tbo{mnkv iborhmz wbnwrmh nbnbzmwmo wbnwrmh fmo hmkoo{m {moa fmtmv ibolbzrirwnmo zbimlm nbfmhmi nbvbztrzrnmo/ Tzk`mvko (:441+ ibomijm`nmo zbwknc fmzk tbo{kitmoamo wbnwrmh zbimlm fmtmv jbzrtm> m+/ nb`mikhmo vmn fkkoakonmo j+/ vbznbom tbo{mnkv iborhmz fmo @KU#MKFW g+/ koebnwk wmhrzmo zbtzcfrnwk f+/ mjczwk fboamo wbamhm zbwkncoo{m b+/ `khmoao{m nbtbzmqmomo fmo nbtbzlmnmmo> e+/ nbvmak`mo a+/ amoaarmo eroawk wbnwrmh `+/ tbzmwmmo imhr jbzwmhm` fmo jbzfcwm fmo tbzmwmmo vmn jbz`mzam/ M/ Nb`mikhmo Fk jbzjmamk frokm qmokvm iboknm` fmo ibhm`kznmo fkimwm zbimlm nbjmo{mnmo fkwbjmjnmo nbvbztmnwmmo wmhm` wmvr fkmovmzmo{m {mkvr `mikh fkhrmz oknm` (nb`mikhmo {moa vkfmn fkkoakonmo+/ Nb`mikhmo fmo tbzwmhkomo ibijmqm Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz


zbwknc iczjkfkvmw fmo iczvmhkvmw {moa hbjk` jbwmz tmfm rwkm zbimlm fkjmofkoanmo tmfm qmokvm {moa vbhm` jbzrwkm :4 vm`romo vbzrvmim fkqkhm{m` fkimom tbhm{momo ibfkw wmoamv hmoanm` mvmr vkfmn vbzwbfkm/ Zbimlm trvzkf {moa jbzrwkm nrzmoa fmzk =0 vm`ro ibitro{mk : wmitmk 2 nmhk zbwknc nbimvkmo ( imvbzomh iczvmhkv{ + fkjmofkoanmo fboamo qmokvm {moa vbhm` jbzrwkm =0 ‗ :2 vm`ro mnkjmv tbzwmhkomo hmim fmo tbzwmhkomo imgbv tbzfmzm`mo imrtro emnvcz hmko/ Nbamqmvmo fmzrzmv {moa jbznmkvmo fboamo nb`mikhmo ikwmho{m vbnmomo fmzm` vkoaak ( `ktbzvbowk + fmo mobikm lram hbjk` wbzkoa vbzlmfk tmfm kjr)kjr jbzrwkm zbimlm vbzrvmim tmfm fmbzm` fkimom nbnrzmoamo ak|k ibzrtmnmo bofbikw/(Nkhjcrzob % Jzccn :444+/ J/ Mjczwk {moa Vkfmn Mimo Nb`mikhmo {moa vkfmn fkkoakonmo tmfm zbimlm wbzkoa nmhk jbzmn`kz fboamo mjczwk/ Jmo{mn wrzub{ {moa vbhm` fkhmnrnmo fk Obamzm)obamzm jbznbijmoa iborolrnnmo jm`qm `mitbz 54" nb`mikhmo tmfm qmokvm fkjmqm` rirz :4 vm`ro mfmhm` nb`mikhmo {moa vkfmn fkkoakonmo mvmr wmhm` qmnvr/ Tmfm mn`kz vm`ro =;04)mo fk Nmomfm Koaazkw Wbhmofkm Jmzr fmo Mibzknm Wbzknmv iborolrnnmo jm`qm 24" hbjk` fmzk wbirm mjczwk vbzlmfk tmfm qmokvm fkjmqm` rirz :2 vm`ro/ Fkjmo{mn Obamzm jbznbijmoa im`mwkwqm mvmr tbhmlmz {moa `mikh fkhrmz oknm` wbzkoanmhk ibogmzk tbhm{momo mjczwk mamz ibzbnm vkfmn fknbhrmznmo fmzk wbnchm` (\mjko % nkzmar =;;0+/ Mjczwk {moa fkwboamlm (kofrgbf mjczvkco+ wbzkoanmhk jbzbwknc hbjk` jbwmz tmfm zbimlm trvzkf fkjmofkoanmo tmfm qmokvm {moa hbjk` vrm/ Zbimlm gbofbzroa iboroaar hbjk` hmim wbjbhri ibogmzk jmovrmo nmzbom vkfmn fmtmv iboamnwbw tbhm{momo nbwb`mvmo mvmr jm`nmo iroanko ibzbnm vkfmn wmfmz mvmr vkfmn vm`r jm`qm ibzbnm `mikh/ Fk jbzjmamk Obamzm wbtbzvk fk Kofcobwkm zwknc kok ibolmfk jbzmv fkimom mjczwk `mo{m vbzwbfkm fmhmi nbmfmmo {moa vkfmn mimo nmzbom ibzrtmnmo wrmvr mkj (zm`mwkm+ {moa `mzrw fkvrvrtk/ Fk Okabzkm 24)14" qmokvm {moa imwrn zrim` wmnkv mnkjmv ncithknmwk mjczwk {moa fkwboamlm ririo{m ibzbnm {moa jbzrwkm fkjmqm` :4 vm`ro/ wbjrm` vbhmm` {moa fkhmnwmomnmo fk wmom wbhmim =7 vm`ro ibobirnmo jm`qm 1:" nbimvkmo kjr fk wbjrm` zrim` wmnkv fk Rokubzwkvmw vbzlmfk tmfm qmokvmfk jmqm` rwkm =; vm`ro fmo fkwbjmjnmo chb` ncithknmwk mnkjmv mjczwk {moa vkfmn mimo (Nkhjcrzob % Jzccn :444+/



G/ Tbo{mnkv Iborhmz Wbnwrmh (TWI+ fmo @KU)MKFW Koebnwk TIW fmtmv ibo{bjmjnmo imwmhm` nbwb`mvmo wbrirz `kfrt vbzimwrn nbimofrhmo fmo zmwm wmnkv nzcokw wbzvm ibokoanmvnmo zbwknc tborhmzmo @KU)MKFW/ Wbnkvmz 777 lrvm nmwrw TIW {moa fmtmv fkwbijr`nmo vbzlmfk wbvkmt vm`roo{m/ Fmvm)fmvm {moa mfm iborolrnnmo jm`qm wbtbzvkam fmzk koebnwk TIW fkobamzm)obamzm jbznbijmoa vbzlmfk tmfm ibzbnm {moa jbzrwkm =7):4 vm`ro/ Fktbfbwmmo fk Nbo{m ikwmho{m 6=" qmokvm jbzrwkm =2):6 vm`ro {moa iboarolroak nhkokn Nbwb`mvmo Kjr)Momn % NJ (NKM#NJ+ vbzkoebnwk TIW fkjmofkoa =5" fmzk wbhrzr` qmokvm rwkm tzcfrnvke (Nkhjcrzob % Jzccn :444+/ Zbwknc zbimlm rovrn vbzvrhmz @KU)MKFW lram ibokoanmv/ Tbznkzmmo vbzmn`kz ibitbz`kvroanmo jm`qm 64" fmzk koebnwk @KU vbzlmfk tmfm nmri irfm jbzrwkm =24:6 vm`ro 1/444 fmzk =5/444 nmwrw koebnwk jmzr {moa vbzlmfk wbvkmt `mzk/ Koebnwk jmzr tmfm nbhcitcn qmokvm lmr` hbjk` vkoaak fkjmofkoanmo tmfm tzkm fboamo zmwkc :<= (Nkhjcrzob % Jzccn :444+/ Fk Fbotmwmz wbofkzk iborzrv arzr jbwmz Emnrhvmw Nbfcnvbzmo Rokubzwkvmw Rfm{mom tbz Ocubijbz :441 66= qmokvm fmzk 6/46= czmoa fboamo @KU#MKFW/ Fmzk 66= qmokvm tbofbzkvm @KU#MKFW kok vbzfkzk fmzk tbimnmk omzncjm wrovkn 77 czmoa =:4 tbnbzlm wbnwrmh ::0 czmoa mo jmkn/ Nmzbom nbmfmmo qmokvm tbofbzkvm @KU#MKFW iboamhmik tborzromo wkwvbi nbnbjbhmo vrjr` ibo{bjmjnmo :4 nmwrw @KU#MKFW ibo{bzmoa momn fmo jm{k {moa fkhm`kznmoo{m (Ir|m{{mom` :44;+/ Nmri irfm gbofbzroa hbjk` jbzbwknc vbzvrhmz TIW vbzimwrn @KU)MKFW nmzbom jbzjmamk wbjmj/ Wbzkoanmhk `rjroamo wbnwrmh vbzlmfk vmotm fkzbogmomnmo mvmr vmotm fkkoakonmo/ Qmhmrtro `rjroamo wbnwrmh fkhmnrnmo mvmw nbkoakomo jbzwmim/ Wbzkoanmhk zbimlm vkfmn ibzbogmomnmo hbjk` fm`rhr wb`koaam vkfmn wkmt fboamo ncofci imrtro mhmv ncovzmwbtwk hmko fmo ibzbnm {moa jbhri jbztboamhmimo jbzNJ gbofbzroa iboaaronmo mhmv ncovzmwbtwk vbzwbjrv wbgmzm vkfmn jbomz wb`koaam zbwknc vbzlmoankv TIW fmo @KU)MKFW hbjk` vkoaak/ Zbimlm trvzk ibitro{mk zbwknc hbjk` vkoaak vbz`mfmt koebnwk fkjmofkoanmo qmokvm hbjk` vrm nmzbom jbhri imvmoa wkwvbi zbtzcfrnwk ibzbnm (Nkhjcrzob % Jzccn :444+/



UK/

Rtm{m)rtm{m Tbomoaarhmoamo Zbtzcfrnwk Zbimlm

Tbo{kitmoamo

Nbwb`mvmo

Mfm jmo{mn `mh {moa fmtmv fkhmnrnmo rovrn iboamvmwk tbo{kimtoamo) tbo{kitmoamo wbnwrmh {moa vbzlmfk tmfm zbimlm wbtbzvk fkmovmzmo{m {mkvr fboamo ibhmnwmomnmo tbofkfknmo nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm fk wbvkmt lbolmoa wbnchm` hmolrvmo fk irhmk tmfm vkoanmv tbzvmim (WIT+ wbfbzmlmv wbnchm` iboboam` mvmw (WIM+ (Tzk`mvko :441> Orzwmh :441> Qkflmomznc :441+ fmo nmhmr tbzhr tmfm lbolmoa tbofkfknmo vkoaak mvmr fkthcim jmkn wbnchm` obabzk mvmr wqmwvm ibhmhrk ibvcfb tbbz bfrgmvkco {moa jbzwkemv {crv` ezbbofh{ (zmim` vbz`mfmt zbimlm+ mzvko{m vkfmn `mo{m

ibijbzk

imvbzk

ibhmrhk

tzcwbw

jbhmlmz

iboamlmz

fk

nbhmw

vbvmtk

fknbijmoanmo fboamo ibvcfb hmko wbtbzvk tbimwmoamo imfkoa tcwvbz vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk (Amijmz =+ tbijbovrnmo Nbakmvmo bnwvzmnrzknrhbz fboamo ibimwrnnmo imvbzk)imvbzk nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk fk fmhmio{m (Fbqk :44;> Vmrekn fmo Moamov`k :442+ wbtbzvk mgmzm nbwbokmo wbnchm` mvmr fzmim vbmvbz fmo hmko ‗ hmko {moa ibirmv imvbzk fmwmz nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk {moa tzctczwkcomh wbtbzvk< =+ eroawk czamo wkwvbi zbtzcfrnwk imorwkm {moa ibogmoanrt tbim`mimo zbimlm vbovmoa tbzrjm`mo ekwkn momn hmnk ‗ hmnk fmo tbzbitrmo wmmv ibolmfk zbimlm iboabomh imwm wrjrz vbzlmfko{m tzcwbw nb`mikhmo> :+ ibvcfb ncovzmwbtwk NJ> 7+ tbogbam`mo tbo{mnkv iborhmz wbnwrmh> 6+ tzkhmnr wbnwrmh {moa wb`mv fmo jbzvmoaaroa lmqmj> 2+ Mnkjmv fmzk nb`mikhmo vmn fknb`bofmnk (Tzk`mvko :441+/ Tbvram nbwb`mvmo wbjmkno{m fmtmv ibhmnrnmo nrolroamo nb wbnchm` ‗ wbnchm` rovrn ibijbzknmo koeczimwk fmwmz nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk fmo wbnwrmhkvmw {moa tzctczwkcomh wbwrmk fboamo tbim`mimo fmo vkoanmv tbofkfknmo zbimlm wbzvm vkfmn iboamoaamt vmjr rovrn ibijkgmzmnmo tbzimwmhm`mo nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk fmo

wbnwrmhkvmw

wbzvm

tbobzmtmo

tzcazmi

zbtzcfrnwk

wbgmzm

jbomz

jbznbhmolrvmo (Qkflmomznc :441> Tzk`mvko :441+/


fmo


Amijmz =/ Tcwvbz {moa fktzcfrnwk chb` Trwmv Tzcazmi Nbwb`mvmo Zbtzcfrnwk Qmokvm Zrwkm tro{m tbwmo wbfbz`mom jbzjro{k> ‘Imwm Irfm wroaar` kofm` lmoamo jbzamovroa tmfm nbwbitmvmo/ Aromnmo ncovzmwbtwk’/ (Nkhjcrzob % Jzccn :444+ Vmrekn fmo Moamov`k (:442+ ibomijm`nmo jbjbzmtm `mh {moa fmtmv fkhmnrnmo rovrn ibomaamtk wknmt fmo tzkhmnr zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm movmzm hmko {mkvr> =+/ Tbzhro{m koeczimwk iboabomk nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm jrmv czmoa vrm mamz czmoa

vrm

jkwm

iboaknrvk

tbznbijmoamo

wbnwrmhkvmw

momno{m/

Tbovkoao{m

ibokoanmvnmo tbzmo czmoa vrm fmo arzr wbjmamk wrijbz koeczimwk vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk jmak zbimlm fboamo gmzm ibijbnmhk fboamo tboabvm`rmo {moa jbomz vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk (Amijmz :+ :+/ Tbokoanmvmo tbzmomo czmoa vrm fmo arzr fmtmv fkhmnrnmo fboamo ibijrmv tbzvbirmo zrvko (wbimgmi tmzbovkoa ghmww + jmak zbimlm 7+/ Ibolmhko nbzlm wmim fboamo wvmwkro zmfkc mvmr vbhbukwk rovrn ibijrmv tmnbv mgmzm {moa jbzkwk koeczimwk vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm/ @mh kok iboakoamv zmfkc fmo vbhbukwk mfmhm` ibfkm {moa tmhkoa fkikomvk chb` zbimlm wbibovmzm koeczimwk vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk fk zmfkc fmo vbhbukwk wmoamv ikoki/ Mgmzm)mgmzm {moa tmvrv fktbzvkijmoanmo mfmhm` mgmzm wbtbzvk vmhn w`cq fmo grz`mv zbimlm {moa jbzwkemv kovbzmnvke/ 7+/ Hbjk` iboactvkimhnmo tbzmo imwlkf mvmr irw`chhm wbzvm vbitmv)vbitmv kjmfm` mamim hmko fk wbnchm` wbjmamk trwmv nbakmvmo wkwqm mamz wkwqm hbjk` fbnmv fboamo nbakmvmo kjmfm` fmo mnvkukvmw) Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz


mnvkukvmw hmkoo{m {moa hbjk` vbzncovzch ikwmho{m fboamo ibijbovrn nbhcitcn) nbhcitcn tboamlkmo (`mhm}m` + fhh/

Amijmz :/ Tcwvbz fmzk Vmo|mokm kok ibobnmonmo vmoaaroa lmqmj czmoa vrm rovrn ibofkfkn momn)momn ibzbnm iboabomk nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk/ Fmzk EMikhk Thmookoa Mwwcgkmvkco ce Vmo|mokm =;;2 Nkhjcrzob % Jzccn :444 /

NBWKITRHMO Zbimlm ibikhknk tbzmo jbwmz fmhmi ibobovrnmo vkoanmv tbzvrijr`mo tbofrfrn {moa fkkofknmwknmo fboamo jbwmzo{m tzctczwk zbimlm fk frokm wb`koaam tbz`mvkmo vbz`mfmt zbimlm tbzhr fkvbnmonmo vbzrvmim fmhmi `mh imwmhm` nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm/ Nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm wmitmk wbnmzmoa kok imwk` wmoamv ibitbzk`mvkonmo fmo wmoamv jbztcvbowk ibo{bjmjnmo jbzjmamk zbwknc wbtbzvk nb`mikhmo {moa vmn fkkoakonmo vbznbom tbo{mnkv iborhmz wbnwrmh fmo @KU#MKFW koebnwk wmhrzmo zbtzcfrnwk mjczwk fhh/ {moa fmtmv iboamnkjmvnmo nbvbztrzrnmo fmo `khmoao{m tzcfrnvkekvmw fmzk zbimlm/ Fboamo ibhmnrnmo rtm{m)rtm{m wbtbzvk ibhmnwmomnmo tbofkfknmo nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm fk wbvkmt lbolmoa wbnchm` tbijbovrnmo

nbakmvmo

bnwvzmnrzknrhbz

fboamo

ibimwrnnmo

imvbzk)imvbzk

nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk fk fmhmio{m ( ibokoanmvnmo tbzmo czmoa vrm fmo arzr wbjmamk Khir Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv Ubvbzkobz Wbnchm` Tmwgmwmzlmom Kowvkvrvb Tbzvmokmo Jcacz


wrijbz koeczimwk nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk jmak zbimlm vkfmn iboamoaamt vmjr rovrn ibijkgmzmnmo tbzimwmhm`mo nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk wbzvm ibolmhko nbzlm wmim fboamo wvmwkro zmfkc mvmr vbhbukwk rovrn ibijrmv tmnbv mgmzm {moa jbzkwk koeczimwk vbovmoa nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk zbimlm/ @mh)`mh vbzwbjrv fk`mzmtnmo imitr ibijbzknmo tbofkfknmo nbtmfm zbimlm wbtrvmz imwmhm` nbwb`mvmo zbtzcfrnwk wb`koaam ibzbnm fmtmv iboabzvk fmo fmtmv vbz`kofmznmo fmzk tzkhmnr tbo{kitmoamo wbnwrmh fboamo jbzjmamk zbwknc {moa fmtmv fkvkijrhnmoo{m/

FMEVMZ TRWVMNM

Meemof{ J/=;;1/ Nbwb`mvmo Zbtzcfrnwk @mn Zbtzcfrnwk fmo Zbmhkvmw Wcwkmh/ Tctchrmwk 0(:+<:2):0/ Fbqk KOGV/ :44;/ Tboamzr` Emnvcz Tbzwcomh fmo Hkoanroamo Vbz`mfmt Tbzkhmnr Wbnwrmh Tzm Oknm` tmfm Zbimlm fk WIM Obabzk = Jmvrzmfbo fmo WIM Obabzk = Trzqcnbzvc/ vbwkwY/ Wbimzmoa < Tzcazmi Tmwgm Wmzlmom Rokubzwkvmw Fktcobaczc/ @mijmhk/ :444/ Ibowcwkmhkwmwknmo Tbofkfknmo Wbnw Rovrn Zbimlm Lbofbz fmo Nbwb`mvmo/ Jbzkvm Jbznmhm / 5<:;)74/ Kofmzwkvm F/ :445/ @rjroamo Emnvcz Bnwvbzomn fboamo Tbzkhmnr Zbimlm fmhmi @mh Nbwb`mvmo Zbtzcfrnwk fk WHVTO Ibfmo Vm`ro :44:/ Lrzomh Khikm` TMOOIBF =(=+<=6)=;/ Kofzmqmovk Z fmo V Wmflkiko/ :44:/ Tboabvm`rmo Arzr Wbnchm` Hmolrvmo Vkoanmv Tbzvmim fk Ncvmimf{m [ca{mnmzvm iboabomk Nbwb`mvmo Zbtzcfrnwk Zbimlm/ Jbznmhm Khir Nbfcnvbzmo 76(6+<:21):50 Nkhjcrzob I Jzccn/ :444/ Nbwb`mvmo Zbtzcfrnwk Zbimlm < Ibijmoaro Tbzrjm`mo {moa Jbzimnom/ CrvHccn Uchrib =5/ Hmnwikqmvk KMM/ :444/ Vzmoweczimwk Wcwkmh fmo Tbzkhmnr Zbtzcfrnwk Zbimlm/ Mzvknbh Khikm`/ Ir|m{{mom` WO/ :44;/ Tbofkfknmo Nbwb`mvmo Zbtzcfrnwk Zbimlm< Jmamkimom Ibo{knmtko{m3 `vvt<##tchvbnbwvokmr/mg/kf#ocfb#=2/ ^=; Mtzkh :4==Y/ Orzwmh FAM/ :440/ Emnvcz)Emnvcz {moa Jbz`rjroamo fboamo Tbzkhmnr Wbnwrmh Irzkf Wir Obabzk fk Ncvm Tmfmoa Vm`ro :441/ Lrzomh Nbwb`mvmo Imw{mzmnmv  :(:+<=12)=04


W b v k m q m o T r v z m W { m ` : 4 = = x =;

Tzk`mvko VQ/ :441/ Momhkwkw Emnvcz ‗ Emnvcz {moa Jbz`rjroamo fboamo Wknmt Wkwqm WIM vbz`mfmt @rjroamo Wbnwrmh ( kovbzgcrzwb + Tzmoknm` fk Ncvm Wrnc`mzlc Vm`ro :441/ ^vbwkwY/ Wbimzmoa < Tzcazmi Tmwgm Wmzlmom Rokubzwkvmw Fktcobaczc/ Trzqmovc B/ :444/ Tbzjmofkoamo Vkoanmv Tboabvm`rmo Nbwb`mvmo Zbtzcfrnwk Wkwqm Wbnchm` Iboboam` Riri fk Tbfbwmmo fmo Tbzncvmmo/ ^vbwkwY/ Wbimzmoa < TzcazmiTbofkfknmo Fcnvbz Wtbwkmhkw K Rokubzwkvmw Fktcobaczc/ Wmzqcoc W Q :446/ Twknchcak Zbimlm/ Lmnmzvm< TV/ Azmekofc Tbzwmfm/ Wrz{ctrvzc M/ Okg`chmw LE W`mhr`k{m` \/ :445/ Emnvcz)Emnvcz {moa Ibitboamzr`k Tbzkhmnr Wbnwrmh Zbimlm fk Lmqm Vboam`< Kithknmwko{m Vbz`mfmt Nbjklmnmo fmo Hm{momo Nbwb`mvmo Wbnwrmh fmo Zbtzcfrnwk/ Imnmzm Nbwb`mvmo =4(=+< :;)64 Vmrekn OZO Moamov`k/ :442/ Wbnwrmhkvmw Zbimlm< Tbzjbfmmo Wbnwrmhkvmw movmzm Zbimlm {moa Vkfmn Ibhmnrnmo @rjroamo Wbnwrmh fmo Zbimlm {moa Ibhmnrnmo @rjroamo Wbnwrmh/ Lrzomh Tbobhkvkmo @rimokczm 5(:+<==2)=:;/ Qkflmomznc I/ :441/ Tbzkhmnr Wbnw Zbimlm Nrfrw/ KWWO < =;1;)500; / \mjko H N Nkzmar/ =;;0/@bmhv Gcowb}rbogbw ce Mfchbwgbow wbprmhkv{ mof Ubzvkhkv{ Jb`mukcz ko wrj)Wm`mzm Mezknm/ Wvrfkbw ko Emikh{ Thmookoa :;(:+<:=4):7:/


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