ARNAB MAJUMDER | A/2514/2012 | THESIS REPORT (2016-17)
नई दिल्ली रे लवे स्टे शन
REDEVELOPMENT OF NEW DELHI RAILWAY STATION RESEARCH GUIDE : Prof. Dr. JAYA KUMAR
THESIS GUIDE(S) : SIRIESH MALPANI |Prof. MANOJ MATHUR
DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE
The thesis titled REDEVELOPMENT OF NEW DELHI RAILWAY STATION has been carried out by the undersigned as part of the Bachelors Degree Program in the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi – 110002, India under the supervision of Shiriesh Malpani ,Prof. Manoj Mathur and Prof. Dr. Jaya Kumar. I hereby submit 2 hard copies of the report for internal and external evaluation respectively. The undersigned hereby declares that this is his/her original work and has not been plagiarized in part or full from any source. Furthermore this work has not been submitted for any degree in this or any other University.
Arnab Majumder | A/2514/2012 | 5th Year , Section B
CERTIFICATE BY THESIS GUIDE This thesis was carried out during the January – May 2017 semester in the Department of Architecture. Thereafter, based on this declaration by the candidate, the thesis was placed in front of External Jury held on 24th & 25th of May 2017. For this work, the candidate was awarded the following marks : Internal Marks ___________out of 450 Marks External Marks ___________out of 250 Marks. On Successful completion of Bachelor of Architecture course by the Candidate, the undersigned hereby accepts the Thesis Report on behalf of the Department, so that it may be placed in the Architecture Library.
Prof. Dr. Aruna Ramani Grover Thesis Studio Director, 2017 Department of Architecture, School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi - 110002
Prof. Dr. Jaya Kumar Thesis Studio Coordinator, 2017 Department of Architecture, School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi - 110002
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis guides Shiriesh Malpani , Prof. Manoj Mathur and Prof. Dr. Jaya Kumar for guiding me throughout the research and design process . It would not have been possible to carry out this project successfully without their kind support and inputs at critical stages of design translations . I am thankful to Prof. Dr. Aruna Ramani Grover and Prof. Dr. Jaya Kumar , Studio Co-ordinators for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for systematic structuring of the studios so as to make it gradual process of learning and application . I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to Mr. Suresh Sharma (Delhi - railway engineer department , DRM Office, New Delhi Railway Station) Mr. P.R.Mehta (Ex President of CoA, Design Action Group) and Mr. S.K Lohia (CEO, Indian Railways Station Development Corporation) for their invaluable inputs and contribution and helping me understand the New Delhi Railway Station . Also , Ar. Sumeet Kumar ( Architect, Indian Railways Station Development Corporation – new proposal for Anand Vihar Railway Station) for helping me understand the project and giving me insights about the new development policy of Indian Railways . My thanks and appreciations also go to my friends who helped me develop the project at every step and others who have willingly helped me out with their abilities. I would finally like to thanks my parents. Without their constant support and motivation this project wouldn’t have been possible .
LIST OF CONTENTS
PART 1 : DESIGN INVESTIGATION Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction and need for identification of the Project 1.2 Proposition 1.3 Architectural Vision Chapter 2: Research 2.1 Area of Research (General Enquiries) 2.1.1 Primary : Present day Problems 2.1.2 Secondary : Types of Railway Stations, functional layouts. 2.2 Case Studies 2.2.1 Primary Case Study : Anand Vihar Railway Station 2.2.2 Secondary Case Study : Rotterdam Central Station , Netherlands TaiYuan South Station, China Chapter 3: Programmatic Content 3.1 Scope of Project 3.2 Functional Diagram 3.3 Area Program
Chapter 4: Site Analysis 4.1 Location 4.2 Precinct and Neighbourhood study 4.3 Connectivity , Circulation and Access Study
LIST OF CONTENTS
PART 1 : DESIGN INVESTIGATION Chapter 5: Technology 5.1 Structural System 5.2 Universal Accessibility 5.3 Sewage Treatment/ Fire Tank / Water Tank 5.4 Sustainable methods adopted. Chapter 6: Design Determinants 6.1 Determinants for volume disposition 6.2 Determinants for site planning & movement system
PART 2 : DESIGN TRANSLATION Chapter 7: Evolution 7.1 Evolution of Design Chapter 8: Development 8.1 Design Development 8.2 Design Framework Chapter 9: Design Portfolio 9.1 Context Plan(s) 9.2 Floor Plan 9.3 Section, Elevations and 3Ds 9.4 Physical Model
LIST OF TABLES, DRAWINGS, MAPS AND FIGURES Fig. 1 : Indian Railways Logo Fig. 2 : Map of Delhi Fig. 3 : Illustrative figures showing the objectives graphically.
Fig. 40 : Learnings from Case Studies
Fig. 4 : Passenger Concourse view of Utrecht Central Station, Netherlands. (Arch Daily)
Fig. 41 : Map of Delhi Showing New Delhi Railway Station
Fig. 5 : Climate of Delhi Fig. 6 : Split Level Section Fig. 7 : Flow – Through Platform Section Fig. 8 : Minimum dimensions for railway tracks and berth clearance. (Manual for WCS) Fig. 9 : Minimum dimensions for railway rakes. (Manual for WCS) Fig. 10 : Station Components. (Manual for WCS)
Fig. 42 : Flow Diagram of Functional Elements within railway stations Fig. 43 : Functional Areas of Railways Fig. 44 : Ariel View of NDLS Fig. 45 : Overview of Stations of UK and India Fig. 46 : Illustrative Site Plan of NDLS
Fig. 11 : Illustrative images showing structural components.
Fig. 47 : Operational Berthing chart of NDLS (Indian Railways)
Fig. 12 : Site Plan of Anand Vihar
Fig. 48 : Map of Delhi showing Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Stn. & NDLS
Fig. 13 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal
Fig. 49 : New Delhi Railway Station Overview
Fig. 14 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal (View 1)
Fig. 50 : New Delhi Railway Station (Site Components)
Fig. 15 : Panoramic view from the footbridge.
Fig. 51 - 54 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj)
Fig. 16 : Collection of Site Images Fig. 17 : Existing Pedestrian Circulation Fig. 18 : Existing Vehicular Circulation Circulation Fig. 19 : Traffic Analysis Fig. 20 : High Capacity Vehicles Movement At Anand Vihar Junction Fig. 21 : Traffic Movement Analysis Fig. 22 : Fig. 23 : Fig. 24 : Fig. 25 :
Proposed Integration Plan Proposed Integration Plan Rotterdam Central Station (Arch Daily) Former Rotterdam Central Station (Arch Daily)
Fig. 55 : NDLS Circulation Fig. 56 - 59 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate) Fig. 60 : NDLS (Movement Pattern) Fig. 61 : NDLS (Parking & Vacant Area) Fig. 62 : NDLS (Pedestrian Movement Pattern) Fig. 63 : NDLS (Metro Footprint on Site) Fig. 64 : NDLS (Site Photographs) Fig. 65 : NDLS (Site Photographs) Fig. 66 : NDLS (Circulation - Paharganj)
Fig. 26 : Rotterdam Central Station – Ground Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
Fig. 67 : NDLS (Circulation – Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 27 : Rotterdam Central Station – Second Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
Fig. 68 : NDLS (Administrative Area – Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 28 : Rotterdam Central Station Sections 1 (Arch Daily)
Fig. 69 : NDLS (Administrative Area - Paharganj)
Fig. 29 : Rotterdam Central Station Sections 2 (Arch Daily)
Fig. 70 : NDLS (Service Layout– Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 30 : Rotterdam Central Station Roof Plan (Arch Daily)
Fig. 71 : NDLS (Service Layout– Paharganj)
Fig. 31 : Rotterdam Central Station Interior Pictures (Arch Daily) Fig. 32 : Taiyuan South Railway Station (Arch Daily) Fig. 33 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Main Entrance (Arch Daily) Fig. 34 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – First Floor Plan (Arch Daily) Fig. 35 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Platform Level Plan Ground Floor (Arch Daily) Fig. 36 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Section through Shorter Side (Arch Daily) Fig. 37 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Sections showing thermal insulation and ventilation (Arch Daily)
Fig. 72 : NDLS (Public Facilities- Paharganj) Fig. 73 : NDLS (Public Facilities- Ajmeri Gate) Fig. 74 : : Physical Profile (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Fig. 75 : : NDLS (from Ajmeri Gate) Fig. 76 : : Percentage share of train types (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Fig. 77 : NDLS Conceptual Block Diagram (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 38 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Section through Longer Side, also showing integration with Metro (Arch Daily)
Fig. 78 : Time spent by passengers (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 39 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Concourse View (Arch Daily)
Fig. 79 : Distribution of Passengers by profession (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
LIST OF TABLES, DRAWINGS, MAPS AND FIGURES Fig. 80 : Distribution of Passengers by luggage carrying characteristics Fig. 81 : Photographic walk from Ajmeri Gate towards Paharganj Fig. 82 : New Delhi Railway Station (Physical Overview) Fig. 83 : Indian Standard Beams & Rolled Sections Fig. 84 : Span/Depth Ratios
Drawing 1 : FIRE/ WATER/ SEWAGE TANK CALCULATION AND PLACEMENT Drawing 2 : Solar Cells calculation Drawing 3 : Ground floor plan . Drawing 4 : Mezzanine Level Plan. Drawing 5 : Departure Level Plan.
Fig. 86 : Castellated Beam
Drawing 6 : Section through Paharganj Area, showing the volumetric disposition. Drawing 7 : Site Plan (03.03.17).
Fig. 87 : Structural System : Trusses Fig. 88 : Sub Structural System : Castellated Steel Beams Fig. 89 : Super Structural System : Tree Columns and Trusses
Drawing 9 : Departure Plan (03.03.17). Drawing 10 : Platform Plan (03.03.17).
Fig. 90 : Schindler Manual Book for Travellators & Escalators
Drawing 11 : Site Plan (17.03.17).
Fig. 91 : OTIS Manual Book for Lifts Fig. 92 : PV Panels Specifications & Efficiency Fig. 93 : Showing Design Journey Fig. 94 : 1:1000 Model Fig. 95 : 1:1000 Model Fig. 96 : 1:500 Model Fig. 97 : 1:500 Model
Drawing 12 : Arrival Plan (17.03.17).
Fig. 85 : Taiyuan South Station (Section) showing span
Drawing 8 : Arrival Plan (03.03.17).
Drawing 13 : Departure Plan (17.03.17). Drawing 14 : Platform Plan (17.03.17). Drawing 15 : Site Plan (07.04.17). Drawing 16 : Platform Plan (07.04.17). Drawing 17 : Mezzanine Plan (07.04.17).
Table 3 : Categories for Provision of Passenger Amenities
Drawing 18 : Departure Plan (07.04.17). Drawing 19 : Site Plan (25.04.17). Drawing 20: Roof Plan (25.04.17). Drawing 21: Ground Floor (25.04.17). Drawing 22: Mezzanine Floor (25.04.17). Drawing 23: Departure Floor (25.04.17).
Table 4 : Level of Service
Drawing 24: Sections (25.04.17).
Table 5 : Area Program (Ticketing & Booking)
Drawing 25: Context Plan at ground level Drawing 26: Context Plan at Departure level Drawing 27: Roof Plan Drawing 28: Sections
Table 1 : Case Study Matrix Table 2 : Program Analysis
Table 6 : Area Program (Facilities & Amenities) Table 7 : Area Program (Supporting Functions) Table 8 : Area Program (Outdoor Functions) Table 9 : Area Program (Total Area Requirement)
Drawing 29: Blown Up part plans at Ajmeri Gate Drawing 30: Elevations & 3Ds
Table 10 : Railway Stations in Delhi (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Drawing 31: Technology Sheet
Table 11 : Physical Profile of NDLS (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Table 12 : Platform wise train operation (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Table 13 : Daily Footfall estimations (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Table 14 : Peak hour volume (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
INTRODUCTION Indian Railways, the prime movers of the nation, is pivotal to the development of the country. It is the third largest network under a single management. It carries largest number of passengers (approximately 6.7 billion in a year) and one of the largest volumes of cargo (794 million tones in the year 2007-08) among the worlds major rail systems. (Railway Board, 2009) IR is an efficient system of transportation. The energy consumption of freight movement is about one fifth of the consumption required by travels. IR is an efficient system of transportation. The energy consumption of freight movement is about one fifth of the consummation required by travels. Its network of over 64000 route-kms has integrated markets and connected communities over widely spread out geographies across the length and breadth of the country. In the year when the railway vision was laid down i.e. 2008-09, IR carried over 6900 million passengers and lifted 833 million tonnes of freight traffic, making it the third largest railway network in the world in terms of size, the world's topmost passenger carrier (in terms of Passenger Kilometres) and fourth largest rail freight carrier. (Railway Board, 2009 ) IR is the backbone of India's transport infrastructure, along with the national highways and ports.
Fig. 1 : Indian Railways Logo
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NEED IDENTIFICATION The rail industry hasn’t traditionally been known for being especially fleet-footed or quick to react, but with the rapid pace of technological, demographic and environmental change, it will need to be increasingly agile and dynamic. It is estimated, that New Delhi Railway Station will experience a daily footfall of over 700,000 passengers per day , up from its current 500,000 passengers per day. (RITES, 2009) The existing building is hardly capable of handling such large number of passengers, as a result, the experience is below average, in terms of convenience and comfort. It is a no brainer to criticise the existing infrastructure, as it was constructed during British India. Railway commuters have increased to about ten folds since then, the buildings are not designed to cater to the situation they are facing. Having said that, there is a need to improve the existing station to meet it’s projected per day handling passenger capabilities. “Indian Railways envisages an investment of INR 8.5 lakh crore in the next five years with plan to redevelop over 400 railway stations all over the country .”(Prabhu , 2015 ) New Delhi Railway station has been selected amongst the 400 station, which will get a complete facelift. Under that purview, this thesis would look into Modernising New Delhi Railway Station into a world class hub for transportation.
Fig. 2 : Map of Delhi
CHAPTER 1
PROPOSITION OBJECTIVES The railway station as a permanent architecture manifestation has not just been the centre of urban life. In most cases, the railway station occupies an unrivalled prime location in the heart of the city or in another convenient central position, connected to other transport networks. People on business or tourists almost always pass through a town’s railway station. They are large infrastructures that should ideally define the image of the city in which they are placed, but that is hardly the case. The stations are generally crippled with low level of maintenance and lack of passenger convenient designs. Whenever the Railway introduces its annual budget, it sets aim to increase more no. of trains and railway tracks. They hardly identify the underlying issue of the existing stations which have saturated their potential to handle passengers. Most terminal and suburban stations are either running on their peak designed passenger count, or exceeding by a huge margin.
This thesis looks at New Delhi Railway Station as a Gateway to the City. This large infrastructural revamp will portray the image of India’s Capital City.
The objective is to take up revamping under following heads and beyond
• Large Passenger Concourse Areas with adequate and high quality facilities for the users. • Movement Systems – Pedestrian : There will be seamless movement of incoming as well as outgoing passengers. It will also take care of integration of passengers coming from Paharganj side towards Ajmeri Gate, it will continue to integrate with the existing Delhi Metro. • Movement Systems – Vehicular : It will be designed in such a manner, so that, the station does not become a barrier between both sides of the city. Vehicles will have more than one option to enter and exit. The road network will circumscribe the terminal building, so that vehicles can cross either sides, without having to use the existing congested flyover. • Amenities : Adequate number of toilets , clean drinking water, security, food courts, restaurants and railway yatra niwas.
Maximum Passenger Convenience Safety and Security Fast and Efficient Passenger Flow Flexible Interiors A World Class Icon
Fig. 3 : Illustrative figures showing the objectives graphically.
CHAPTER 1
ARCHITECTURAL VISION Looking ahead to 2050 requires us to think in conceptual terms in the hope of pushing the boundaries of creative thinking. The rail industry is often thought of as conservative; however, there is a need to proceed with foresight, to embrace creative thinking beyond projecting the present into the future. This thought-piece focuses on the passenger and user experience. The journeys imagined here are intended to generate a conversation about the future and provide the big picture context for future planning and decision-making by the rail industry and by governments. They are also intended to set out a forward looking and inspiring vision for rail. Flamboyant buildings with airport-like facilities, helipad, executive lounges are going to be the characteristics of Indian Railway stations in the years to come. Train journey in India will be a different experience altogether with upcoming world-class stations that will do away with long queues at station entry, untidy waiting halls and stinking toilets. The station buildings will wear a swanky look with separate terminals for arrival and departure like the ones at airports. The stations will have segregated areas for passengers, commercial activities and railway officers. There will be dedicated approach roads for traffic to railway station along with municipal roads with its integration in circulating areas. The much-awaited development will lay foundation to the Railways in bringing them at par with the world class transport system. New Delhi Railway Station will act as the benchmark for the other major stations in India and in the World. Fig. 4 : Passenger Concourse view of Utrecht Central Station, Netherlands. (Arch Daily)
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH
Framework for Research (General Queries)
Related to Site & Context Approximate Area of the Site Developmental Norms – FAR, Ground Coverage, Permissible Height Climate of Delhi Condition pertaining to the Site Surroundings Design based Enquiry What are the constituent functions in a Railway Terminal Station? What are the supporting functions? What are the types of Platforms, Terminal buildings in existence? What are the minimum dimensions for Railway Tracks, Platforms, Staircases etc. What are the Parking requirements and traffic conditions? Structural Enquiries What type of structural systems are required? What kind of materials should be used? What are the kind of spaces required, that can regulate the structural considerations?
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RESEARCH Related to Site & Context Approximate Area of the Site 40 Hectares (100 Acres) or 400,024 Sqm. Developmental Norms – FAR, Ground Coverage, Permissible Height
(Source : MPD 2021)
Condition pertaining to the Site Surroundings
Lack of Parking Space. Drop offs are congested. Scarcity in terms of public toilets, connectivity between both the sides of the station is very poor. There is no integrated connection between the Railways and the Metro Stations. Bus Service is poor, walkable distance between Ajmeri Gate and Bus Stop is about 500 meters. Lack of Food and Beverage stalls, ATMs, Pre Paid Taxi Stalls etc. Signage is often missing, which leads to confusion and ambiguity.
Climate of Delhi
Fig. 5 : Climate of Delhi
The climate of Delhi is an overlap between monsooninfluenced humid subtropical and semi-arid, with high variation between summer and winter temperatures and precipitation. Delhi's version of a humid subtropical climate is markedly different from many other humid subtropical cities such as Sao Paulo, New Orleans and Brisbane in that the city features dust storms (something more commonly seen in a desert climate), has relatively dry short winters and has a prolonged spell of very hot weather, due to its semi-arid climate. (The weatherspark)
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH Design based Enquiry What are the constituent functions in a Railway Terminal Station? Terminal Building, Parking Lot, Platforms, Railway Tracks, Drop offs for Cars, Buses, TSRs etc. Integrated services such Metro , Trams , Buses (if available).
What are the types of Terminal Buildings? Terminus Type, Underground Type, Bridge Type Through Type, Combination of the followings. New Delhi Railway Station is Through Type in its current configuration. What are the types of Platforms, in existence?
There are Island platforms and side platforms. Island Platforms, Split level Platforms and through types.
Fig. 7 : Flow – Through Platform Section
(Manual for Station Development, Ministry of Railways,Govt. of India)
There are total 7 Island Platforms and 2 Side Platforms currently existing at NDLS.
What are the minimum dimensions for Railway Tracks, Platforms, Staircases etc. Staircases The rise of the stairs shall preferably be limited to 3500 mm. However, specific site conditions may cause an increase in this dimension. Fig. 6 : Split Level Section
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH Platform Length Platform length is typically determined by the length of the longest train anticipated for the station (e.g., a 24-coach train at 22.5m per coach with a 22m engine at each end will require at least a 584 m platform) plus 4.5 m or as directed by INDIAN RAILWAYS. Platform Width Platform width is typically determined by several factors: a) The width of any VCEs located within the length of the platform. b) An architecturally preferred minimum 2.640 m clear distance to any obstruction, such as a VCE, from the platform edge. This distance includes the .609 m wide platform safety edge, a 1.725 m clear passage for customers circulating along the platform length, and a .13 m buffer zone along the length of the obstruction. Where a platform edge rubbing strip is employed, the width of the rub strip shall not be included within the preferred minimum clear distance and the edge of the platform shall be measured from the inside edge of the rubbing. The rub strip will not be included as part of the .609 m width of the platform safety edge. c) Station patronage and emergency exiting requirements. d) Space requirements as determined by Level of Service requirements. (Manual for Station Development, Ministry of Railways,Govt. of India)
What are the services required in a terminal building? (Lighting, Sounds, MEP etc.) Terminal Building should be well lit, with maximum day lighting. And providing necessary points for artificial lighting where ever necessary. Sound & Acoustic treatment is required in upper class waiting lounges. MEP is applicable to the type of the terminal building. What are the Parking requirements and traffic conditions? As per the bye laws, Parking requirement is 2 ECS per 100 Sqm. (Proposed Built up Area – 50,000 Sqm) Total Parking Required therefore = 1,000 Car Parking.
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RESEARCH
Fig. 8 : Minimum dimensions for railway tracks and berth clearance. (Manual for WCS)
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RESEARCH
Fig. 10 : Station Components. (Manual for WCS)
Fig. 9 : Minimum dimensions for railway rakes. (Manual for WCS)
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RESEARCH
Structural Enquiries What type of structural systems are required? A modern Railway Station requires Large span structures for minimum visual and physical hindrance. What kind of materials should be used? Glass is required for Curtain Wall System. For Large span roof, Steel girders and space frames are required. The Substructure can be made out of RCC. What are the kind of spaces required, that can regulate the structural considerations? Terminal configuration can regulate structural consideration. For instance, the structural requirements for Rotterdam Central Station and Tin yuan South Station is of similar nature, where as in case of Utrecht Central station, its requirement is different. The Former two have a whole building envelope approach towards the stations while the latter has bridge type terminal with open to air platforms. Fig. 11 : Illustrative images showing structural components.
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH PRIIMARY CASE STUDY : ANAND VIHAR (UNDERSTANDING THE CURRENT SITUATION)
CASE STUDY 01
FACT FILE AREA : 99500 sqm Current Interstate Operating Routes: 51 Current No. Of Destinations : 88 Interstate Connectivity : 5 States Punjab, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan AREA: SPREAD OVER 42 HECTARES OPENED: 19 DECEMBER 2009 PLATFORMS: 3 (PHASE-I) PHASE 2 IN CONSTRUCTION
Phase 2 Development •Number of platforms will be increased to 7 in total •Terminal will have a capacity to handle over 3 lakh passengers and as many as 270 trains daily. •Linking of this terminal with the original Anand Vihar station. The total area available is 9.2 hectares. It has a frontage of about 500m along the main Ghazipur road. Main entry to ISBT is from Road No. AH-56. The present ISBT is functional in the name of Vivekananda Inter State Bus Terminal, Anand Vihar, East Delhi Fig. 12 : Site Plan of Anand Vihar
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RESEARCH NO. OF TRAINS PER DAY SMTWTFS 22 29 28 29 22 31 28
Fig. 13 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal
Fig. 14 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal (View 1)
Area: Spread Over 42 Hectares Opened: 19 December 2009 Platforms: 3 (Phase-i) Phase 2 In Construction Phase 2 Development Number of platforms will be increased to 7 in total Terminal will have a capacity to handle over 3 lakh passengers and as many as 270 trains daily. Linking of this terminal with the original Anand Vihar station. Fig. 14 : Anand Vihar Railway Terminal (View 2)
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RESEARCH
Fig. 15 : Panoramic view from the footbridge.
Fig. 16 : Collection of Site Images
General Problems ISBT- The ISBT is not directly integrated with any of the other buildings. The only access is from the Main Road in front of it. Anand Vihar Metro Station - The entry to the Metro station is through the road which enters into the ISBT. This leads to conflict of pedestrians and vehicles. Also there is not direct connection from the Main road to the Metro. Anand Vihar Terminus - Connected to the Main road, but not with the ISBT. The Metro station is connected by a footbridge. Fig. 12 : Site Plan of Anand Vihar
Fig. 16 : Distance between buildings made longer due to lack of integration.
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RESEARCH
Fig. 17 : Existing Pedestrian Circulation
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RESEARCH
Fig. 18 : Existing Vehicular Circulation Circulation
Fig. 19 : Traffic Analysis
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RESEARCH
DAILY TIME CYCLES
MORNING 6AM –11AM
Huge number of passengers interchange from local train to either mode of transport i.e. bus or metro because people towards Delhi from Ghaziabad to go to office/college.
Fig. 21 : Traffic Movement Analysis
NOON 11AM – 5PM
Fig. 20 : High Capacity Vehicles Movement At Anand Vihar Junction
EVENING 5PM – 7:30 PM
Fig. 21 : Traffic Movement Analysis
Less number of people interchange from local train to any other means as there are less number of trains during this duration lap.
People interchange from metro/bus/railway terminal to local train to get back their home. Interchange between other modes is uniform.
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RESEARCH
Fig. 22 : Proposed Integration Plan
Fig. 23 : Proposed Integration Plan
FACT FILE
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH
Number of Daily Passengers – 110,000 daily
SECONDARY CASE STUDY : ROTTERDAM CENTRAL STATION (Types of Railway Stations, functional layouts.)
CASE STUDY 02
Number of Platforms – 13 Platform Type – Island Platforms
Rotterdam's former Centraal Station by architect Sybold van Ravesteyn built 1950-1957.
Fig. 24 : Rotterdam Central Station (Arch Daily)
Between 16 January 2008 and the end of March 2008 the station was completely demolished. Passengers then, for years, had to use amenities housed in a temporary shelter, a smurf-blue building complex on Conrad Street on the northeast corner of the Groothandelsgebouw. The bicycle tunnel served as a temporary passenger tunnel. On 28 November 2012 the six-times-as-large, new passenger tunnel opened, and on 28 August 2013 the renovated bicycle tunnel opened. (Arch Daily)
Fig. 25 : Former Rotterdam Central Station (Arch Daily)
Station Type – Integrated Terminal for Bus, Tram, Intercity International High Speed Trains and Metro Rail.
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RESEARCH
Fig. 25 : Rotterdam Central Station – Site Plan (Arch Daily)
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RESEARCH
Fig. 26 : Rotterdam Central Station – Ground Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
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RESEARCH
Fig. 27 : Rotterdam Central Station – Second Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
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RESEARCH
Fig. 28 : Rotterdam Central Station Sections 1 (Arch Daily)
Fig. 29 : Rotterdam Central Station Sections 2 (Arch Daily)
Planning Process – The Terminal has been designed such that there is minimum hindrance to the passenger movement. There is a non ticketed area, which also functions as departure concourse and offers some amount of retail space. The tracks have been elevated, which gave a clear passage for passenger movement from both sides of the station. It has two levels, once entered through the passenger concourse, there is one level that goes down thus connecting to the Metro, whereas the upper level connects to the HST (High Speed Railway) network. The routing through the station is logical; travellers are guided by a direct view of the trains and by the daylight that penetrates to the traveller's passage via the voids that extend
CHAPTER 2
Learning’s From Case Study
RESEARCH
Fig. 30 : Rotterdam Central Station Roof Plan (Arch Daily)
Rotterdam Centraal Station is a one of its kind terminal station with elevated tracks. This gives a free flow for the incoming passengers, and provides zero visibility hindrance to the platforms. The Terminal building acts as an envelope for the entire station, thus , even the platforms have mechanically conditioned air. Solar PV Panels helps in reducing energy bills and Coz emissions. The Iconic Design becomes an instant visual image to the tourists and the travellers, which helps in way finding. It has multiple functionality with integration to metro rail service , high speed international trains, trams and buses. Fig. 31 : Rotterdam Central Station Interior Pictures (Arch Daily)
FACT FILE
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH SECONDARY CASE STUDY : TAIYUAN SOUTH RAILWAY STATION (Types of Railway Stations, functional layouts.)
CASE STUDY 03
Number of Daily Passengers – 110,000 daily Number of Platforms – 18 Platform Type – Island & Side Platforms Station Type – Integrated Metro & Train Terminal
Fig. 33 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Main Entrance (Arch Daily)
The station mainly consist of Terminal Building and two Squares. The terminal building has two floors above ground and one underground, connected by escalators, elevators, and stairs. Inside it, there are many bilingual direction boards in English and Chinese. 2F: waiting areas, including special areas for business class passengers, group passengers, mothers and children, and the disabled passengers; servicing areas including information desks, restaurants, bank, shops, toilets, and hot drink water; ticket barriers; left luggage office (At the west end of the floor)
Fig. 32 : Taiyuan South Railway Station (Arch Daily)
1F: Platforms, exits and entrances, security checks, ticket hall, arrival hall, ticket office (close to west exit), taxi stands, bus stops, parking lots, toilets, exits.
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RESEARCH
Fig. 34 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – First Floor Plan (Arch Daily)
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RESEARCH
Fig. 35 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Platform Level Plan Ground Floor (Arch Daily)
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RESEARCH
Fig. 35 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Sections showing thermal insulation and ventilation (Arch Daily)
Energy-saving space enclosing structure-the external space enclosing structure of Taiyuannan Railway Station employs novel double-layer hollow glass and stone combined curtain. 6+12+6 tempered LOW-E hollow glass and stone combined curtain, 600mm air space between two layers of curtains and unique curtain system greatly enhances the thermal inertia of the architectural surface and ensures stable indoor temperature, favourable for reduction of energy consumption of the station in Taiyuan in cold winter. (Arch Daily)
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RESEARCH
KEY PLAN
Fig. 36 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Section through Shorter Side (Arch Daily)
Fig. 38 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Section through Longer Side, also showing integration with Metro (Arch Daily)
CHAPTER 2
Learning’s From Case Study
RESEARCH
Fig. 39 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Concourse View (Arch Daily)
The Taiyuan South Railway Station is arguably the largest of the bunch, at least from the previous two stations (Anand Vihar & Rotterdam). It has 18 Platforms, comparable to NDLS in size. The Structural system adopted has many features, such has allowance of day light, multi layered glass to capture the radiant atmospheric heat during winter. The Segregation of Departing Passengers and Arriving passengers is done extremely well. The arriving passengers are directly carried out of the terminal building, thereby not letting them to mix with the departing passengers. There are retail areas inside the terminal building.
Fig. 38 : Taiyuan South Railway Station – Roof Plan (Arch Daily)
Although it is a huge terminal station in size, yet the footfall (Daily) is comparatively less compared to the previous two stations.
CASE STUDY MATRIX
New Delhi Railway
Anand Vihar
Rotterdam Centraal
Taiyuan South
Area : 183952 Sqm. Transfer Capacity : 110,000 Daily
Taiyuan South
Anand Vihar
Rotterdam Central
New Delhi Railway Station Table 1 : Case Study Matrix
CASE STUDY MATRIX New Delhi Railway
Anand Vihar
Rotterdam Centraal
Taiyuan South
Taiyuan South
Anand Vihar
Rotterdam Central
New Delhi Railway Station Table 1 : Case Study Matrix
Learnings from Case Studies
Taiyuan South
Anand Vihar
Rotterdam Central
New Delhi Railway Station Fig. 40 : Learnings from Case Studies
CHAPTER 3
PROGRAMATIC CONTENT
Fig. 41 : Map of Delhi Showing New Delhi Railway Station
Fig. 43 : Flow Diagram of Functional Elements within railway stations
PROGRAM ANALYSIS Sl No.
Designated Space
Activity
Frequency of Use
Visual Orientation
Floor Level
Spatial Character
Reception Point/ Ticketing
Entrance to the main building
24 Hrs
Yes, Easily Visible
Departure
Natural lit up space with bright interior lux levels.
Waiting Halls
Passengers waiting for their Train
Yes, Required
Departure
Large amount of space with good siting facilities.
Yes, Required
Arrival
Well Lit up Space with all the facilities
Yes, Easily Visible
Departure
Well Lit up Space with all the facilities
Any
Top Floor
Space designated to Office related work
Yes, Required
All Levels
Good Interiors and well lit up Spaces
Yes, Easily Visible
All Levels
Compact Unit with ample space around
24 Hrs
Not Required
Basement
-
24 Hrs
Any
Basement
Large space with good circulation.
1.
2.
3.
Arrival Concourse
24 Hrs
Arrival of Passengers 24 Hrs
4.
Departure Concourse
Departing Passengers 24 Hrs
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Administrative Area
Food Court/Restaurants
Information Centre
Services
Parcel Office
Spaces for Administrative Purposes
10 Hrs
Fine Dinning Space as well as Open Space
24 Hrs
Information Hub for the Passengers
24 Hrs
Chiller Plant, AHUs Pump Room, Electric Room etc. Incoming and Outgoing Freights
Table 2 : Program Analysis
Fig. 44 : Functional Areas of Railways
PLANNING AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Table 3 : Categories for Provision of Passenger Amenities
Objective: Maximum Passenger Convenience with Fast and Efficient Passenger Flow Design Approach and Hierarchy: should be done from whole to part: Primary Order: Describes the creation of Station volumes through large scale engineering. Yard alignment, no. & size of platform, size & location of concourses etc. Secondary Order: Building Components, such as detailing of concourse space, facilities of passengers, operational offices, staircases, escalators, elevators, passageway, entry, exit, roof, ceilings, walls etc. Tertiary Order: Passenger Information System, Seating, Lighting etc. PLANNING NORMS & STANDARDS • Local city developmental bye-laws and master plan shall be followed in designing the capacity of infrastructure facilities, such as building design. • Other Codes or specifications in order of priority: • National Building Code (NBC) & IRC Codes, • Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), • American, British and International Standards,
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPI)
Fig. 45 : Ariel View of NDLS
LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS)
To calculate productivity of any Station / terminal in terms of its Physical and Operational characteristics in the most relevant Quantitative method is by assessing the Level of Service (LOS), from part to whole. Also, according to Indian Railway manual 2009, Creation of Station Volumes by means of number & size of platforms, size & location of concourse etc. is the primary order for station planning & design, to fulfil their objective of Maximum Passenger Convenience with Fast and Efficient Passenger Flow Identified Key Performance Indicators: --- Dwell Time --- Level of Service (LOS) -- Average Passenger Space (m²/pax) -- Flow Rate (pax/m/min)
Table 4 : Level of Service
OVERVIEW OF RAILWAY STATIONS OF UNITED KINGDOM AND INDIA
Fig. 46 : Overview of Stations of UK and India
Fig. 45 : Ariel View of NDLS
Fig. 47 : Illustrative Site Plan of NDLS
Presently operational “Platform Berthing Chart” of New Delhi Railway Station as shown below:
Fig. 48 : Operational Berthing chart of NDLS (Indian Railways)
AREA PROGRAM PROPOSED
TICKETING AND BOOKING
FACILITIES AND AMENITIES
Sl No.
Space Designation
No. of Users + Visitors
Area Required (Sqm)
Sl No.
Space Designation
No. of Users + Visitors
Area Required (Sqm)
1.
30 Bookings, 5 Enquiry,10 Kiosks
50+ Passengers
500
1.
Waiting Areas (Shaded)
1500
1500
2.
Room of Chief Booking Surveyor
5
20
2.
Waiting Halls
2500
2500
3.
Stock
2 + No. of Visitors
50
3.
Retiring Rooms for Passengers
100 Rooms + 10 Dorms
1500
4.
Cash
-
10
4.
Dispensary
20
200
5.
CBC Records and Acts
-
60
5.
Refreshment Rooms
1500
3000
6.
Premium Restaurants & Bar ( 20 Nos.)
700 - 1000
10,000
7.
Tourism Office, Info Counter, May I Help you booth
1000
100
8.
Bank / ATM , Post Office Outlet (10 ATMs)
20,000 – 50,000
200
9.
Public Toilets
2,00,000 – 2,50,000
2000
10.
Hawkers and Vendors
-
-
6. 7.
Cloak Room Parcel Office Luggage Billing
50 – 60 50
1000 1000
8.
Office for Head Ticket Collector
5-10
25
9.
Ticket Collection
-
20
10.
Sorting Room
-
100 2,785
21,000 Table 5 : Area Program (Ticketing & Booking)
Table 6 : Area Program (Facilities & Amenities)
SUPPORTING FUNCTIONS
OUTDOOR FUNCTIONS
Sl No.
Space Designation
Area Required (Sqm)
Sl No.
Space Designation
Area Required (Sqm)
1.
Railway Police Force (RPF) ( 50 Jawans)
-
1.
Concourse Area for Passengers (Using 50,000 passengers per hour as peak hour rush)
75,000
2.
General RPF Changing Room ( 100 Jawans)
500
2.
For Goods and maintenance
25,000
3.
MCO Office and Rest Rooms
1500
3.
For Washing Lines
-
4.
Rest Room for Ticket Collection Officers
1500
4.
Circulating Space and Inward/Outward Transit passengers
15,000
5.
Rest Room for Guards and Train Drivers
1500
5.
Car Parking ( 1,500 Cars) ( 2 ECS per 100 Sqm)
40,500
6.
Office & Storage for Railway Mail Service
300
6.
Two Wheeler Parking
5,000
7.
Rest room for Porters
200
8.
Bus Lane (25 Buses)
2,500
8.
Washroom/Toilets for Staffs
200
9.
Goods Parking (50 Trucks/ Tempos)
5,000
9.
Trolley Storage
100 1,68,000
10.
Bed Rolls Store
500
11.
Telegraph Office and Enquiry
20
12.
Electrician’s Room
50
13.
Switch Room
120
14.
Break Even Equipment
15. 16.
TOTAL AREA REQUIREMENT
Table 8 : Area Program (Outdoor Functions)
Sl No.
Type of Function
Area Required (Sqm)
1.
Ticketing and Booking
2,785
2.
Facilities and Amenities
21,000
80
3.
Outdoor Functions
1,68,000
Main Store & Sub Store
200
4.
Supporting Functions
6,870
5.
Administration
1,450
Battery Room
100
Table 7 : Area Program (Supporting Functions)
6,870
2,00,105 Table 9 : Area Program (Total Area Requirement)
CHAPTER 4
SITE ANALYSIS
Fig. 41 : Map of Delhi Showing New Delhi Railway Station
The city has five railway stations with the New Delhi Railway Station being the central one and is the busiest railway station in the city. Anand Vihar station and Biswan Railway Station are two upcoming railway stations in the city so as to decentralize the footfall in New Delhi Railway
The New Delhi Interchange becomes one of the most important multimodal nodes as it has the Railway Station, the Airport Express Metro station and the Yellow line . Another line is proposed to be built and is currently under construction.
OVERVIEW
NDLS
Fig. 48 : Map of Delhi showing Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Stn. & NDLS
SITE COMPONENTS
Type of Station: Regular Number of Platforms: 16 Number of Halting Trains: 106 Number of Originating Trains: 87 Number of Terminating Trains: 86 Daily footfall : 5,00,000 Entry / exits points : Paharganj (Gate no. 1) Ajmeri Gate (Gate no. 2). Fig. 49 : New Delhi Railway Station Overview
Fig. 82 : New Delhi Railway Station (Physical Overview)
EXISTING
Fig. 51 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj)
Fig. 52 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj)
Fig. 53 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj)
Fig. 54 : NDLS (From Pahar Ganj) Fig. 50 : New Delhi Railway Station (Site Components)
EXISTING
Fig. 56 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 57 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 58 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 55 : NDLS Circulation
Fig. 59 : NDLS (From Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 60 : NDLS (Movement Pattern)
Fig. 61 : NDLS (Parking & Vacant Area)
Fig. 62 : NDLS (Pedestrian Movement Pattern)
Fig. 63 : NDLS (Metro Footprint on Site)
Fig. 64 : NDLS (Site Photographs)
Fig. 65 : NDLS (Site Photographs)
CIRCULATION| PAHARGANJ SIDE
Fig. 66 : NDLS (Circulation - Paharganj)
CIRCULATION LAYOUT | AJMERI GATE
Fig. 67 : NDLS (Circulation – Ajmeri Gate)
ADMINISTRATIVE LAYOUTS | AJMERI GATE
Fig. 68 : NDLS (Administrative Area – Ajmeri Gate)
ADMINISTRATIVE LAYOUTS | PAHARGANJ
Fig. 69 : NDLS (Administrative Area - Paharganj)
SERVICE LAYOUT | AJMERI GATE
Fig. 70 : NDLS (Service Layout– Ajmeri Gate)
SERVICE LAYOUT| PAHARGANJ SIDE
Fig. 71 : NDLS (Service Layout– Paharganj)
PUBLIC FACILITIES| PAHARGANJ SIDE
Fig. 72 : NDLS (Public Facilities- Paharganj)
PUBLIC FACILITIES| AJMERI GATE
Fig. 73 : NDLS (Public Facilities- Ajmeri Gate)
Fig. 74 : : Physical Profile (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Table 10 : Railway Stations in Delhi (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 75 : : NDLS (from Ajmeri Gate)
PHYSICAL PROFILE
Fig. 75 : : Station Yard (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Present Conditions: Total Area of Plot : 24.5 Ha. Area under Operation : 13 Ha (53 %) Area under buildings : 1.6 Ha (6.5 %) Area Covered on all Floors: 48,500 m² FAR Allowed : 1.0 Consumed : 0.2 •Under utilization of FAR (Floor Area Ratio) •Scope of station’s infrastructure (facilities or buildings) Future Expansion exists.
Table 11 : Physical Profile of NDLS (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 76 : : Percentage share of train types (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
TRAINS MOVEMENT
Table 14 : Peak hour volume (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Table 12 : Platform wise train operation (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
DAILY FOOTFALLS ESTIMATION Peak Hour Factor has been taken as 7.45 % of 24 hours footfalls 4,82,800 approx. daily footfalls in the Station premises. 60 % passenger footfalls at Ajmeri Gate side, because of: •Availability of PT like bus service & metro, •Multilevel car parking etc. •Lower Congestion level as compare to Paharganj. Table 13 : Daily Footfall estimations (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Fig. 77 : NDLS Conceptual Block Diagram (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016) Fig. 79 : Distribution of Passengers by profession (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
27 % are Business People & 22 % Govt. Employees
Fig. 79 : Distribution of Passengers by monthly income (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
31 % of the station users earn between Rs. 5000 to Rs. 15000 44 % passengers are carrying one bag as their luggage.
Fig. 78 : Time spent by passengers (Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016)
Most of the passengers are spending 20-30 min. at station
Fig. 80 : Distribution of Passengers by luggage carrying characteristics
Photographic walk from Ajmeri Gate towards Paharganj
Fig. 81 : Photographic walk from Ajmeri Gate towards Paharganj
CHAPTER 5
TECHNOLOGY
Fig. 82 : Illustrative photograph of Mumbai CST International Airport, showing the structures.
Fig. 84 : Span/Depth Ratios
Fig. 83 : Indian Standard Beams & Rolled Sections
TECHNOLOGY – STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
Fig. 85 : Taiyuan South Station (Section) showing span
Fig. 86 : Castellated Beam
Fig. 87 : Structural System : Trusses
SUB STRUCTURE
Fig. 88 : Sub Structural System : Castellated Steel Beams
SUPER STRUCTURE
Fig. 89 : Super Structural System : Exploded view shows Pre Stressed Members having portal frames on top of it, to support the parametric truss
TECHNOLOGY – Universal Accessibility (Active Systems)
Travellators Similar to using escalators, people stand, or walk, on the travellator as its conveyor walkway rolls along. Travellators are typically installed in pairs to keep opposite flows of people all moving their designated direction. Moving walkways may be a pallet-type similar in appearance to escalator steps that have metal or rubber grip surfaces, or a moving belt type, which have rubber or mesh metal walking surfaces that move over metal rollers, and feel more flexible underfoot. Walkways are equipped with moving safety handrails. As the walkway ends, the surface disappears into end comb-plates.
Escalators Escalators are essentially “moving stairs” that transport masses of people up or down between floors of a building. They are installed indoors or outdoors and the constant speed can be adjusted to accommodate increases or decreases in volume of passengers. Escalator width depends upon the age of the mechanism as well as the volume of riders. Single-rider widths are between 400 mm and 600mm. Airport and metro escalator widths are 800mm to 1000mm and accommodate a passenger with luggage or two passengers side-byside. The escalator’s metal grooved steps are linked together and driven by a motor-driven chain on tracks. In the event the mechanism breaks down, the escalator can still be used as a staircase access. Escalators have moving safety handrails. As the escalator ends, the steps each disappear into an end comb-plate. Escalators are installed in pairs to keep opposite flows of people all moving their designated up or down direction. Fig. 90 : Schindler Manual Book for Travellators & Escalators
Fig. 91 : OTIS Manual Book for Lifts
Drawing 1 : FIRE/ WATER/ SEWAGE TANK CALCULATION AND PLACEMENT
TECHNOLOGY – Solar Energy (PV Panels)
Factors to be considered Available renewable energy resource at or near the building site Available area for siting of the renewable energy technology Cost of energy purchased from the electrical or thermal energy provider for the building Available incentives for offsetting the installation cost of the renewable energy system Local regulations affecting renewable energy systems Desire to preserve or not alter existing architectural features
Characteristics of the energy profiles to be offset by the renewable energy installation.
Solar Photo Voltaic Cells (Panels)
Drawing 2 : Solar Cells calculation Fig. 92 : PV Panels Specifications & Efficiency
TECHNOLOGY MATRIX TYPE OF SYSTEM
REASON FOR CHOOSING THE PIRTICULAR SYSTEM
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Spatial requirement for the project – Column free, large span areas. Typically, we’re looking spans ranging north of 40m.
TYPE OF MATERIALS / SYSTEM COMPONENTS / STANDARDS Truss – Hollow Pipe Sections
PROs. 1.
Steel Beams – Rolled Sections
Structure is lighter in weight, compared to concrete counterparts.
Space Frame – Hollow Pipe Sections
2. Depth is significantly reduced due to more application of steel.
CONs. 1. Due to larger application of steel, cost incurred will be more compared to concrete sections. 2.
Therefore, the best options are Composite Trusses which is a combination of trusses, steel cellular beams and space frames.
UNIVERSAL ACCESIBLITY (Active Systems)
SUSTAINIBLITY
(PV Panels)
Travellators – For ease of movement of passengers, both in vertical and horizontal planes. Escalators – Rapid transportation of masses. Elevators – For the elderly, differently abled and for carrying luggage.
Monocrystalline Panels (Due to their highest efficiency of 21% for converting solar into electrical energy)
Floor – Composite Flooring (Combination of Metal Decking and High Strength Concrete – M40 and upwards)
Airport and Metro escalator widths are 800mm to 1000mm and accommodate a passenger with luggage or two passengers side-by-side.
3. The nature of the structure allows space for ducting, wiring and other services integrate with the structure itself.
1.
2.
Travellators helps in transporting horizontally and vertically without having to walk or climb the stairs.
3.
They are mainly given for the differently abled people, and for moving luggage in vertical directions.
1.
Converts solar energy to electrical energy at an efficiency of 21% maximum. Helps in reducing energy bills.
Inclination angle for Travellators (14 Degrees) plus 1600mm width of step. Elevators of min. dimensions 2100 X 2400 (Car Dimensions) is recommended by the Indian Railways. Monocrystalline silicon panels with aluminium casing. (1.5m X 0.7m - each module)
Escalators ease up the vertical movements for the elderly and for people with luggage.
2.
Fire fighting is a major issue with steel structures, although they can be coated with 2 hour fire safety paint job, it still poses a threat to the safety.
REMARKS
In terms of building economics, pre cast members are possible for large span structures, but he self weight of the members will become enormous resulting in over engineering of the system, hence it is avoided.
Even though escalators are meant to help in increasing ease of movement, many people often misplace or get puzzled which creates havoc damage to that individual and also creating chaos.
Escalators travellators and elevators should be evenly distributed, and should be at least having a backup system, in case of failure or emergency. They should be always located close to staircases.
1. High installation cost and requires high level of maintenance.
Solar PV panels must be placed strategically so that, it does not get shaded during day time.
1.
Other than the above mentioned systems, this report also looks at Firefighting and Sewage treatment as technologies which will be incorporated into the design.
CHAPTER 6
DESIGN DETERMINANTS
1. Vehicular Movement System
Drawing 5 : Departure Level Plan.
Fig. 62 : NDLS (Pedestrian Movement Pattern)
One of the main determinant for this project is driven by the way, traffic movement happens. The present scheme lets the traffic cross the terminal building from either side of the city, without causing interference with pedestrian movement.
2. Pedestrian Movement & Way Finding
Drawing 3 : Ground floor plan .
Drawing 4 : Mezzanine Level Plan.
Pedestrian movement is given the topmost priority. The design decisions were taken in such manner, so that the pedestrian movement can happen without crossing the vehicular movement at any point at any time.
3. Platforms are kept the way they exist today, Passenger comfort and amenities
Drawing 3 : Ground floor plan .
Drawing 5 : Departure Level Plan.
This is an important determinant, which resulted in the overall shape of the terminal building. The terminal building is sitting on top of the existing tracks, and is kept almost in the middle of each and every platform, so as to reduce walking distance. Other important factors were, providing adequate no. of staircase , travellators, escalators and elevators for vertical movement. Last but not least, the new terminal provides quality sitting spaces and retail area for incoming passengers.
4. Volumetric Disposition
8M Clearance Given, for easy movements of railways. 16M Clearance Given, for creating a grand entrance from the departure level.
Drawing 6 : Section through Paharganj Area, showing the volumetric disposition.
PART 2 : DESIGN TRANSLATION
CHAPTER 7
DESIGN EVOLUTION
Fig. 93 : Showing Design Journey
DESIGN EVOLUTION March 3, 2017
Drawing 7 : Site Plan (03.03.17).
ARRIVAL LEVEL (- 6500)
Drawing 8 : Arrival Plan (03.03.17).
DEPARTURE LEVEL +8000)
Drawing 9 : Departure Plan (03.03.17).
GROUND LEVEL +/- 0.00)
Drawing 10 : Platform Plan (03.03.17).
DESIGN EVOLUTION March 17, 2017
Drawing 11 : Site Plan (17.03.17).
ARRIVAL LEVEL (- 6500)
Drawing 12 : Arrival Plan (17.03.17).
DEPARTURE LEVEL +8000)
Drawing 13 : Departure Plan (17.03.17).
GROUND LEVEL +/- 0.00)
Drawing 14 : Platform Plan (17.03.17).
DESIGN EVOLUTION April 7, 2017
Drawing 15 : Site Plan (07.04.17).
GROUND LEVEL +/- 0.00)
Drawing 16 : Platform Plan (07.04.17).
MEZZANINE LEVEL (+5400)
Drawing 17 : Mezzanine Plan (07.04.17).
DEPARTURE LEVEL +8000)
Drawing 18 : Departure Plan (07.04.17).
CHAPTER 8
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
SITE PLAN
Drawing 19 : Site Plan (25.04.17).
ROOF PLAN
Drawing 20: Roof Plan (25.04.17).
GROUND FLOOR PLAN LEVEL +/- 0.00
Drawing 21: Ground Floor (25.04.17).
MEZZANINE FLOOR PLAN LEVEL + 5400
Drawing 22: Mezzanine Floor (25.04.17).
DEPARTURE FLOOR PLAN LEVEL + 8100
Drawing 23: Departure Floor (25.04.17).
SECTIONS
Drawing 24: Sections (25.04.17).
CHAPTER 9
DESIGN PORTFOLIO
CONTEXT PLAN (GROUND)
Drawing 25: Context Plan at ground level
CONTEXT PLAN (DEPARTURE LEVEL)
Drawing 26: Context Plan at Departure level
CONTEXT PLAN (ROOF PLAN)
Drawing 27: Roof Plan
SECTIONS
Drawing 28: Sections
Drawing 29: Blown Up part plans at Ajmeri Gate
ELEVATIONS AND 3Ds
Drawing 30: Elevations & 3Ds
TECHNOLOGY
Drawing 31: Technology Sheet
Fig. 94 : 1:1000 Model
Fig. 95 : 1:1000 Model
Fig. 96 : 1:500 Model
Fig. 97 : 1:500 Model
Bibliography
1. Edwards, Brian. Transport Interchange a Challenge for Urban Design . Urban Design. June 2011. 2. Prabhu, Suresh. Railway Budget , Railway Minister . Delhi : Government of India, 2015. 3. RITES. Total Transport System Study. Delhi : Planning Commission, 2009. 4. Board, Railway. Indian Rail Schedule of Dimensions. Delhi : Government of India, 2004. 5. Railway station Design. 2016, Railway Technical , Railway Systems , Technologies and operation . 6. Railways, Minister of. Indian Railways vision 2020. Delhi : Government of India , 2009. 7. Development of World Class Railway Station Through PPP , Manual for Standard and Specification (volume 1 of 2). 8. Productivity of Railway Stations - Urban Mobility Conference & Expo 2016, Prof. Dr. Sanjay Gupta.
