National War Museum in New Delhi

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I am very thankful to my respected teachers for their enormous help and precious guidance throughout the process of my thesis workDr. Joyita Guha Niogi.(Thesis Guide)

Dr. Suchandra Bardhan (Thesis Co-ordinator) Dr. Sanjib Nag

Prof. Tapash Kumar Bhattacharya Prof. Shivashish Bose Prof. Debashish Das

Prof. Subhrajit Das Prof. Sanghamitra Sarkar

I am also thankful to my classmates, juniors without whom it would not have been possible to continue the thesis work so successfully, especially withoutAnanya Maji (2 nd year) , Arjun Das (3rd year),

Swaraj Bose (3rd year) , Shubhodip Pan (3rd year)

And especially thanks to my seniors-

Sayantan Mondal Arka Prava Barik Rajkumar Ghosh

Gouranga Ghosh

NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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1.0. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND 1.1.1.DEFINITION 1.1.2.JUSTIFICATION 1.1.3.LITERATURE STUDY

1.2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.2.1.HYPOTHESIS

1.3. SCOPE OF WORK AND LIMITATION 2.0. SITE STUDY 2.1. SELECTION 2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY

3.0. PRIMARY CASE STUDY 4.0. SECONDARY CASE STUDY 5.0. CONCLUSION 6.0. DESIGN GUIDELINES 7.0. ANTHROMETRIC STUDY

8.0. DESIGN CONCEPT


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The thesis work has been a five years journey for my Bachelor Degree in architecture in Jadavpur University, Kolkata.. I would firstly like to thank my parents who have immensely influenced me in my thesis work..I am also grateful to my respectable teachers of my department for their insightful comments and encouragement. Sincere thanks to my supportative and capable academic friends,seniors and juniors of my department. My express my gratitude to my thesis guide Prf. Dr. Joyita Guha Neogi for motivating me to embark on the project.


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1.1. BACKGROUND India gained independence on 15th August 1947, and in January 1950, the Constitution was promulgated and India became a Republic country. Since Independence, our armed forces have protected the borders and sovereign territory of India, and many soldiers have laid down their lives protecting and defending the country in a number of wars, insurgencies, and even during times of peace.

The armed forces have lost close to 25,000 soldiers in various wars and operations such as the Indo-Pak wars of 1947, 1965, and 1971; the Indo-China war of 1962; the Kargil war of 1999, besides the peace keeping operations in Sri Lanka, counter insurgency operations, and internal conflicts within the country. The country is proud of these soldiers and salutes their sacrifice. The Ministry of Defence, Government of India has decided to build a National Memorial in order to honour the memory of all soldiers and their sacrifice.


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1.1. BACKGROUND An International Design Competition open to designers from India as well as other countries is thus proposed for the design and implementation of this commemorative National Memorial. The Memorial is envisaged at a central location in the national capital (New Delhi) as a structure and space depicting the solemnity of the purpose. As a tribute to the brave, it would combine architectural aesthetics and public sentiment, and serve as a place for People to show their respect for the soldiers who sacrificed their lives to keep us safe. It is also envisioned as a concrete record of India’s Military history and heritage.


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1.1. BACKGROUND 1.1.1. DEFINITION KEYWORDS :

WAR MEUSEUM INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI

APPLICATION

India gate:

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THEORY

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The India Gate, (originally called the All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located astride the Raj path, on the eastern edge of the ‘ceremonial axis’ of New Delhi, India, formerly called Kingsway.

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India Gate is a memorial to 82,000 soldiers of the undivided Indian Army who died in the period 1914–21 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia, Persia, East Africa, Gallipoli and elsewhere in the Near and the Far East, and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.

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13,300 servicemen's names, including some soldiers and officers from the United Kingdom, are inscribed on the gate.

New Delhi: •

New Delhi is the capital of India and one of Delhi cities' 11 districts.

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The foundation stone of the city was laid by George V, Emperor of India during the Delhi Durbar of 1911.

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The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin.


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1.1. BACKGROUND 1.1.1. DEFINITION The main focus of the thesis is to The design of the memorial & museum should be a fitting monument to honour the memory of the brave soldiers. Located at the heart of national capital, standing tall between the expanse of manicured lawns and grand buildings, the National War Memorial must be majestic and timeless.

CHATRI

INDIA GATE

RAJPATH

PRESIDENT HOUSE

RED FORT


TAJ MAHAL

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1.1. BACKGROUND 1.1.2. JUSTIFICATION The Government of India has decided to erect a National War Memorial in the vicinity of the India Gate, New Delhi, to honour its Armed Forces and memorialize armed forces members killed in war after Independence in 1947. A War Museum will be constructed in the adjoining Princes Park area. The proposed National War Memorial and the War Museum will be connected by a subway. The War Memorial and Museum are expected to cost ₹400 crore (US$59 million). - WIKIPEDIA


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1.1. BACKGROUND 1.1.3. LITERATURE STUDY TYPOLOGY: MONUMENTS The term monuments covers cenotaphs, obelisks, pillars, columns and gates, usually located in outdoor places.

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INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI

SCULPTURE War memorial sculptures are of men or women in the armed force shown either ready to fight or after a battle so that the effect of war can be seen. AMAR JAWAN JYOTI, NEW DELHI

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PLAQUES plaques can form the whole memorial or be a part of a larger monument

NATIONAL MARTYRS MEMORIAL, BANGALORE NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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1.1. BACKGROUND 1.1.3. LITERATURE STUDY CONCEPT OF WAR MUSEUM: A museum is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artefacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance and some public museums make them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.Most large Museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller Cities, towns and Even the countryside. Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and Specialists to serving the general public.

War museum is an institution that conserves a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic and historical importance related to war and make them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. A war museum is that type of museum where the memory of war of a particular nation is being preserved or conserved. That can be the Most memorable and respect for the soldiers who fought for us & our country.

An war museum is a museum exhibiting the history and artefacts of war. In addition to actual or replica ordnance (guns, mortars,ammunition, etc.), exhibits can include photographs, maps, models, dioramas, clothing and equipment used by soldiers in a war. NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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1.1. BACKGROUND

TOP 20 MOST FAMOUS WAR MUSEUM OF WORLD ACCORDING TO WIKIPEDIA


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1.1. BACKGROUND 1.1.3. LITERATURE STUDY INDIAN ARMED FORCES: The Indian Armed Forces are the military Forces of the Republic of India. It consists of three professional uniformed services : The Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force. Additionally the Indian Armed Forces are supported by three paramillitary organisations: Assam Rifles, Indian coast guard and Special Frontier Force. INDIAN ARMED FORCES

INDIAN ARMY

INDIAN NAVY

INDIAN AIR FORCES

PARAMILITARY FORCES

ASSAM RIFLES

INDIAN COAST GUARD


SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

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1.2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AIM Enhancing the psychological impact of the area by creating iconic built form & functional spaces combined together, with respect to existing built environment to represent the glory of martyrs soldiers.

OBJECTIVES • To enhance the visual impact of the area. • To connect isolated spaces, both visually & functionally. • To conserve the existing built environment.

B

A

C

1.2.1. HYPOTHESIS “VISUAL CONNECTIVITY IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO PLACE A FORM INTO AN EXISTING ARCHITECTURAL COMPOSITION” NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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1.3. SCOPE OF WORK AND LIMITATIONS SCOPE OF WORK The segments of the whole hexagonal area can be developed as a monolithic unit in terms of visual connectivity. The centre of hexagon can be the main axis of the development so that can welcome the entrance. As the site is located in heart of the country, this development can be promoted as an international landmark. As the road network is fixed so the museum can be designed considering it's visibility from the raj path and other axis roads.

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LIMITATIONS

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The height of the built form in the hexagonal part is restricted to 1.5m. The outer road network is out of the scope of design.


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2.1. SELECTION

SITE FOR MUSEUM

TENTATIVE SITE PLAN

LOCATION MAP

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Proposed Museum site is located at the junction of Copernicus Marg & Tilak Marg.

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SITE AREA : 9.5 acres appx. For the Museum.


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2.1. SELECTION HYDERABAD HOUSE BARODA HOUSE SITE FOR MUSEUM

BASE MAP

FIGURE GROUND RELATION NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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2.1. SELECTION HYDERABAD

HOUSE

BARODA HOUSE SAGAR APARTMENT

SITE FOR MUSEUM

Site for museum

PATIALA HOUSE COURT

CHATRI INDIA GATE NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY VEGETATION

SITE FOR MUSEUM

FLORA AND FAUNA

Mango

Arjun

Rubber

Ashoka

Pipal

Palm


Guava

Jamun

Amaltas 15

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2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY CLIMATE ANALYSIS VEGETATION • The climate of Delhi is a monsoon influenced humid subtropical.

•Summer: Early April - Late June (average temperatures near 32 °C) although occasional heat waves can result in highs close to 45 °C. Heat waves from West (Thar Desert)

AVERAGE HIGH/LOW TEMPERATURE

• Monsoon: Late June - Mid September, (average 797.3 mm) AVERAGE RAINFALL

• Winter: November - January (average temperatures around 12–13 °C). Cold waves from Himalayas are common.

SUNSHINE HOURS GRAPH

PREVALENT WIND DIRECTION NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY CLIMATE ANALYSIS VEGETATION • Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning. • Minimize or eliminate west facing glazing to reduce summer and fall afternoon heat gain In this climate air conditioning will always be required, but can be greatly reduced if building design minimizes overheating


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2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY CLIMATE ANALYSIS VEGETATION • Orient most of the glass to the north, shaded by vertical fins, in very hot climates, if there are essentially no passive solar Needs • Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather, if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes • Locate door and window openings on opposite sides of building to facilitate cross ventilation, with larger areas facing up-wind if possible


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2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY MUNICIPAL BYLAWS VEGETATION The site falls under tehe Lutyen’s Bungalow Zone in Delhi which is a heritage zone. It belongs to the CPWD and falls under New Delhi Municipal Council. But since NDMC does not have its own set of bylaws, the DDA bylaws are to be followed.

FROM THE MASTER PLAN FOR DELHI 2021, 4.2.2 RESTRUCTURING AND UPGRADATION OF THE EXISTING AREAS

In Delhi, a large number of areas are old and are characterized by poor structural condition of buildings,sub-optimal utilization of land,congestion,poor urban forminadequate infrastructure services,lack of community facilities,etc. The stock in both planned and unplanned areas can be enhanced through various approaches as given below. C. Bungalow Area Lutyens Bungalow Zone comprises of large size plots and has a very pleasant green environment. The essential character of wide avenues,large plots,extensive landscape and low rise development,has a heritage value which has to be conserved. Mixed use,high intensity development along MRTS corridor and de-dencification of trees/reduction of green cover is not permitted at all.The strategy for development in this zone will be as per the approved plans and the LBZ guidelines,as may be issued by Government of India from time to time. Civil Lines has also has Bungalow Area of which the basic character has to be maintained NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY MUNICIPAL BYLAWS VEGETATION 7.5 NO INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY ZONE In order to maintain the city’s ambiens and pollution free environment in important and historic areas of Delhi, following locations are categorized as “No Industrial Activity Zone” where no industrial activity including household industry, shall be permitted: (a) Lutyens’ Bungalow Zones FAR Allowed: 1.25 to 1.75 Height Restriction: one tree height or 8 Metres

The greenery is to be maintained as much as possible to retain the character of LBZ.


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2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY ACCESS Description • Access can be possible into the museum site from Copernicus Marg & Tilak Marg. • For memorial site, direct access through Raj Path & India Gate. Analysis • External road network is fixed. • Traffic movement is very dense. Conclusion • To provide an accessible road network inside the site to connect external.

SPACE Description • Temporary Residential area & garage- Princess park. • Unorganized Commercial centers around the site. • Administrative space with heritage value- India Gate. • Recreational open space- Proposed memorial site. Analysis • Lack of designed public spaces for recreational and commercial purpose. Conclusion • To provide designed public spaces.


BUILT FORM

OPEN SPACE

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2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY FORM Description • Buildings are almost symmetrical in form, 1-3 storied. • Surrounding buildings have it’s own flavor. • Most of the buildings have compact design. Analysis • Type of Form- Geometric • Administrative buildings have central circulation.

Conclusion • To maintain the functionality of circulation in built forms. ACTIVITY Description •Type of activity- Administrative - Education - Tourism • Activity zones- India Gate, Raj Path. CHATRI Analysis • Magnets- India Gate, Raj Path, President’s House. • Generators- people from all over India as well as other countries.

Conclusion • To develop the area of India Gate to enhance its activities in terms of administrative, education and tourism. NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

HYDERABAD HOUSE

BARODA HOUSE

PATIALA HOUSE COURT

BIKANER HOUSE

INDIA GATE 22

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2.2. SITE LEVEL STUDY VISIBILITY Description • Viewpoint- India Gate-As the historical memorial of India. - Raj Path- View of the India gate as an axis. Analysis •More viewpoints are needed in several areas for proper visibility Conclusion • To provide maximum possible viewpoints to experience the scenic and heritage beauty of India Gate and recall the martyr soldiers. ARCHITECTURAL STYLE/FEATURES Description • Most of the buildings surrounding the site have it’s own architectural style. • Elevation of those buildings are very much similar to the site context. Analysis • Elevational features are mostly colonial and vernacular in type. Conclusion • To create such as iconic architectural style to enhance the site context. NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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3.1. CASE STUDY 1: VIRASAT-E-KHALSA, PUNJAB Virasat-e-Khalsa is a museum of Sikhism, located in the holy town, Anandpur Sahib, near Chandigarh, the capital of the state of Punjab. • FACILITIES :

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Amphitheatre Exhibition hall Auditorium Cafeteria Museums Gallaries CONTEXTUAL FORM WITH SITE

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Segregation of services to the basement only

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Form of the plan reflects the five virtue of sikhism

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Simple & straight alley/passages provides ease of circulation

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Journey not as pilgrimage, but as voyage of discovery

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Texture of the material is contextual & similar with local fabric

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Form of the building is quite relevant with the surroundings foothill of himalaya

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Form & structure of the buildings allows large amount of natural light inside


SECTIONAL ELEVATIONS

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3.1. CASE STUDY 1: VIRASAT-E-KHALSA, PUNJAB • SITE PLANNING FEATURES : •

The site plan is in a radial pattern where the built spaces are arranged around the periphery of a water pool.

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All major activites have been greatly separated from each other by means of a connecting bridge.

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The major activity complexex are diivided into complex A,B and C. Complex Arefrence library,auditorium(cap. 400), temporary exhibit library Complex B- cafeteria, public toilets, store. Comlpex C- museum, permanent exhibits, administration

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FOOTHILL OF SHIVALIK RANGE OF HIMALAYA

MOVEMENT PATTERN OF VISITORS WITHIN THE MUSEUM MAIN ENTRY LIBRARY

AUDITORIUM

BRIDGE

CAFETERIA


MUSEUM

WATER POOLS

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3.1. CASE STUDY 1: VIRASAT-E-KHALSA, PUNJAB

GALLERY

PLAZA

FOOT BRIDGE

GURDWARA


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3.2. CASE STUDY 2: REDFORT & INDIAN WAR MEMORIAL •

The Indian War Memorial Museum is located in the Naubat Khana of the Red Fort in Delhi, northern India.

• LOCATION AND FACILITIES : •

The museum is located on the first and second floor of the drum house. It contains several galleries pertaining to the military history of India during the first and second world war.

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Items that are on display is a diorama of the Battle of Panipat (1526), in which Babur defeated the forces of Ibrahim Lodi and established the Mughal Empire.

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Further objects on display are traditional weapons such as daggers and gupti, as well as arms and helmets. The advent of the industrialisation brought in new weapons such as machine guns and grenades.

1ST FLOOR PLAN OF MUSEUM NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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3.2. CASE STUDY 2: REDFORT & INDIAN WAR MEMORIAL • Low height of partition & clearstoried window allows large amount of natural light inside • Narrow & zig zag alley/passages creats difficulty of circulation • Narrow entry / exit point enhace possibility of accident • Over crowded due to narrow passage / space • Different time phase is exhibited at different room/zone • Segregation of services to the ground floor only

INTERIOR OF THE MUSEUM

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Total area : 255 acres

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By Ustad Ahmed during mughal emperor Shah Jahan

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Indian War Memorial & Swatantrata Sangram Museum

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Open Air Theatre for light & sound show about histoty of India

INTERIOR OF THE MUSEUM •

Tourist destination for a day round span with multiple activities

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A mono scale walled city enriched with mughal architecture


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3.3. CASE STUDY 3: AIRFORCE MUSEUM,NEW DELHI •

The Indian Air Force Museum, Palam, is the museum of the Indian Air Force, and is located at the Palam Air Force Station in Delhi, India.

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The museum was the only one of its kind in India until the unveiling of the Naval Aviation Museum in Goa in 1998.

ACCESSIBILITY: •

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The museum is situated next to technical area gate of air force station Palam, half an hours drive from IGI airport, Delhi which is connected to all major cites in India and world by air. 45 mins. drive by taxi/auto from New Delhi railway station or inter state bus terminus connected to all major cities in India.

SITE PLAN OF AIR FORCE MUSEUM, NEW DELHI • •

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BASE MAP OF AIR FORCE MUSEUM, NEW DELHI

The air force museum has an annexe and a hanger. The annexe is divided into three sections. The 1st section contains a photographic history of air force from the early days. The 2 nd section, contains photographs of decorated Indian officers of the 2nd world war. The last section contains information of the important facts of modern aviation history. The hanger houses 15 different types of military aircraft that have formed the backbone of air force since its inception.


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3.3. CASE STUDY 3: AIRFORCE MUSEUM,NEW DELHI

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The circulation is not well defined and it is confusing. Proper signage is not defined. Taking the visitors through in a chronological order. The fighter jets and aircrafts are displayed in the hanger in an outdoor area. Indoor hanger for aircrafts of dimensions 12m. /15m. /18 m. Outdoor gallery area for aircrafts of dimension 20m. /28m. /30 m.

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The hanger does not have adequate lighting. A lighting system should provide.

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The circulation appears monotonous and could have been worked out differently.

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There are no separated work shed for maintenance of the fighter gets.

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4.1. CASE STUDY 1: IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM, LONDON • •

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Imperial War Museums (IWM) is a British national museum organisation with branches at five locations in England, three of which are in London. Founded as the Imperial War Museum in 1917, the museum was intended to record the civil and military war effort and sacrifice of Britain and its Empire during the First World War. The museum's remit has since expanded to include all conflicts in which British or Commonwealth forces have been involved since 1914. As of 2012, the museum aims "to provide for, and to encourage, the study and understanding of the history of modern war and 'wartime experience‘.

The museum is a part of the redevelopment project of the Bethlehem hospital, which has been turned into a military museum. The objectives were mainly to improve access and circulation through the museum, open the interiors to daylight and views, and create new connections with the surrounding park. The approach is scooped out to create a single accessible entrance for all below the existing portico stairs.


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4.1. CASE STUDY 1: IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM, LONDON

SERVICES PUBLIC PLAZA

ATRIUM

GALLERIES

SERVICES

GOUND FLOOR PLAN


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4.1. CASE STUDY 1: IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM, LONDON •

A new opening in the floor of the central hall visually connects the different levels and draw daylight into the spaces below.

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A new gallery floor suspended acts as a shading screen to protect the exhibits below from solar gain.

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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The circulation around the atrium and the visual connection with the exhibits is interesting.

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Daylight is introduced into the exhibition space.

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The museum has provisions for temporary gallery spaces and exhibits areas.

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

THIRD FLOOR PLAN

FOURTH FLOOR PLAN


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4.1. CASE STUDY 1: IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM, LONDON

CENTRAL ATRUM W ITH THE FIGHTER JETS SUSPENDED FROM CEILING

TO BRING THE SKILIGHT

GALLERY SPACES OVERLOOKING THE CENTRAL ATRIUM

SERVICES FOR EVERY FLOOR

CAFE OPENING OUT TO THE ADJOINING PARK

SECTION 1 EXISTING HOSPITAL STRUCTURE

CENTRAL ATRUM WITH THE FIGHTER JETS SUSPENDED FROM CEILING

ENTRY PORTICO

VAULTED ROOF WITH GALLERY SPACES TRANSLUCENT OVERLOOKING THE MATERIAL CENTRAL ATRIUM TO BRING IN THE LIGHT

UTILITIES

SECTION 2 NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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4.2. CASE STUDY 2: JEWISH MUSEUM, BERLIN •

The Jewish Museum Berlin is one of the largest Jewish Museums in Europe.

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In three buildings, two of which are new additions specifically built for the museum by architect Daniel Libeskind, two millennia of German-Jewish history are on display in the permanent exhibition as well as in various changing exhibitions.

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The museum was opened in 2001 and is one of Berlin’s most frequented museums.

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In 1987, the berlin government organised an anonymous competition for an expansion to the original Jewish museum in berlin that opened in 1933.

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Conceptually, Libeskind wanted to express feelings of absence, emptiness, and invisibilityexpressions of disappearance of the Jewish culture.

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Tne visitors should be able to relate to the horrers of their ancestors and also relate to how they overcame the hard times.


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4.2. CASE STUDY 2: JEWISH MUSEUM, BERLIN ENTRANCE • There is no formal entrance, one must enter through the old Baroque museum through an underground corridor. • A visitor must endure the anxiety of hiding and losing the sense of direction before coming to a cross roads of three routes to witness the Jewish experience during the Holocaust. VOIDS OF MEMORY • The accessible void, called the Void of Memory is strewn with wrought iron sad faces on the floor.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

• The visitor, due to the darkess, unknowingly steps on them which creates a shrieking sound, forcing one to contemplate ove the cries of the Jews who were massacred by HItler’s regime.

UNDERGROUND FLOOR PLAN NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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4.2. CASE STUDY 2: JEWISH MUSEUM, BERLIN VOIDS OF MEMORY • The accessible void, called the Void of Memory is strewn with wrought iron sad faces on the floor. • The visitor, due to the darkess, unknowingly steps on them which creates a shrieking sound, forcing one to contemplate ove the cries of the Jews who were massacred by HItler’s regime.

INTERIORS

HORRORS AND HOPE • The interiors have galleries, empty spaces and dead ends. • Void of windows, reinforced concrete which reinforces the moments of the empty spaces and dead ends where only a sliver of light is entering the space.

• It is a symbolic gesture by Libeskind for visitors to experience what the Jewish people during WWII felt, such that even in the darkest moments where you feel like you will never escape, a small trace of light restores hope. NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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4.3. CASE STUDY 3: CANADIAN WAR MUSEUM This is the design concept for the new Canadian War Museum in Ottawa. The building (more of an expressive landscape) emerges gently from the bank of the Ottawa River, saluting the City and Parliament. Draped mostly with a blanket of grass on its rooftop, the museum opened on May 8th of 2005. • Due to its expressive power, concrete was chosen to be the predominant building material for the Canadian War Museum. Concrete was used as both the structure and the finish for the building, making use of its unique dramatic qualities and practical characteristics. • The building is structured with tilting planes that intersect with one another; some at dramatic angles and some that are barely visible. Raw concrete walls emerge sharply from sloped floors at 3° to 31° angle.

VIDEO PROJECTION IN THE LOBBY, PHOTOGRAPHS ON SLOPING CONCRETE WALL • The memorial for the unknown soldiers is a concrete cube, floating over a pool of water.

• Lighting and the apparent lightness of the concrete evokes asense of awe and reverence in the visitor NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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4.3. CASE STUDY 3: CANADIAN WAR MUSEUM The concept of ‘Regeneration’ embodies the sequences of devastation, survival, rebirth, adaptation and life. In times of war, nature – comprising the land and the human spirit nurtured thereon – is ravaged and seemingly destroyed. Miraculously and somehow inevitably, however, nature survives and regenerates as the power of life prevails. It is this process of regeneration and healing that nourishes and rekindles human hope, faith and courage.

Research Block Staff, Semi-Public War Museum Galleries, Public

War Memorial and other interactive amenities,Public

ZONING OF THE FUNCTIONAL SPACES


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4.3. CASE STUDY 3: CANADIAN WAR MUSEUM • Circulation takes one through the 4 halls, artifacts are arranged chronologically, depicting the history

CIRCULATION PATTERN THROUGH THE GALLERIES • The Memorial Pattern used in the “Hall of Remembrance” was to be smooth, clean and organized: a contrast to the other two patterns.

INTERGRATION OF THE MEMORIAL SPACES WITH THE MUSEUM

• In the Hall of Remembrance, the chaos, tension and anguish of war are to be left outside; while the inside triumphed with tranquility,calm and reflection.


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• To provide proper access to the site from external linkages. • To provide designed public spaces enhancing public participation.

• To maintain the functionality of circulation in built forms. • To develop the India Gate area strategically to enhance its activities in terms of education, tourism and public participation. • To provide maximum possible viewpoints to experience the scenic and heritage beauty of the area. • To redefine the existing architectural style of the area and it’s surroundings to enhance the site context in terms of space, form and aesthetics.


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• To design functional vehicular & pedestrian pathways. • To provide properly designed plaza & activity areas.

• To design an architecturally justified composition in the hexagonal area, clearly representing the theme of the project, respecting the constraints. • To provide multi-level gathering spaces/viewpoints.

• To combine colonial & modern architectural style of the area, creating an aesthetically sound built form.


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ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDIES

MUSEUM - DISPLAYS AND LIGHTING

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LIBRARY

LIGHTING OPTIONS


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VISUAL FIELD AND LIGHTING

DISPLAY CASES


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ZONING PLAN

RECHERCH BLOCK

MUSEUM BLOCK

AUDITORIUM

RECREATIONAL AREA

EXIT ENTRY


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THREE BLOCKS REPRESENTING THREE FORCES OF INDIA ARMY,NAVY,AIR

FOCAL POINT (O.A.T.) OBTAINED FROM THE SITE GEOMETRY

LOCATION OF INDIA GATE


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VIEW OF GAZEBO

PERSPECTIVE VIEW NATIONAL WAR MUSEUM AT INDIA GATE, NEW DELHI Manoj Saha| Roll: 001210201003| UG-V, 2nd Sem. | JU, DoA

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PARKING RESEARCH BLOCK CONNECTING BRIDGE MUSEUM BLOCK

RECREATIONAL BLOCK

OPERN AIR THEATRE


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The building is developed through Five Steps which represents • • • • •

Indo-Pakistan War, 1947-48 Indo-China War ,1962 Indo-Pakistan War, 1965 Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971 Kargil War, 1999


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National War Museum in New Delhi

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