RATIONALE RATIONA LE FOR DISASTER PREVENTION AND LOS OSS S CONTROL CONTROL ACACIO, Lalaine Mae AVE, Catherine DE LEON, Jo-anna DY, aulo !E""E", Lara MALICDEM, Maureen MA#$O$O, Ehra
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DISASTER •
is a sudden, cala%itous e&ent that seriously disru'ts the (unctionin) o( a co%%unity or society and causes hu%an, %aterial, and econo%ic or en&iron%ental losses that e*ceed the co%%unity+s or society+s ability to co'e usin) its on resources
DISASTER •
is a sudden, cala%itous e&ent that seriously disru'ts the (unctionin) o( a co%%unity or society and causes hu%an, %aterial, and econo%ic or en&iron%ental losses that e*ceed the co%%unity+s or society+s ability to co'e usin) its on resources
Figure 1: The Disaster Cycle
CLASSIFICA CLAS SIFICATION TION OF DISASTER DISASTER Natural Disasters • .Acts o( #od/ are naturally occurrin) 'hysical 'heno%ena caused either by ra'id or slo onset e&ents hich can be )eo'hysical, •
•
$echnolo)ical $ echnolo)ical or 0u%an are En)ineered e&ents that are Disasters by caused humans and occur in or close to hu%an settle%ents
•
•
Natural Disasters
$echnolo)ical Disasters
Disaster Management •
Is the or)ani2ation and %ana)e%ent o( resources and res'onsibilities (or dealin) ith all hu%anitarian as'ects o( e%er)encies, in 'articular 're'aredness, res'onse and reco&ery in order to lessen the i%'act o( disasters
Phases !" Disaster Management 34
•)
Disaster re'aredness It re(ers to %easures taken to 're'are
(or
and
reduce
the
e((ects o( disasters $o 'redict and 're&ent disasters,
•)
%iti)ate &ulnerable
their
i%'act
'o'ulations,
on and
64 Disaster "es'onse •
$he
'ri%ary
res'onse
ai%s
are
o(
disaster
rescue
(ro%
i%%ediate dan)er and stabili2ation o(
the
'hysical
and
e%otional
condition o( sur&i&ors •
E*a%'les are reco&ery o( the dead and the restoration o( essential
74 Disaster "eco&ery •
It re(ers to 'ro)ra%s hich assist those ho ha&e su((ered the (ull i%'act o( a disaster to rebuild their ho%es, li&es and ser&ices and to stren)then their ca'acity to co'e ith (uture disasters
DISASTER PLANNIN# ISS$ES 34
-) -)
Occu'ant Issues "e)ular Occu'ants $ransient 8$e%'orary4 occu'ants
64 9uildin) Issues 74 9usiness Issues
DEVELOIN# A DI:A:$E" "ECOVE"Y LAN
Ob%ecti&es !" a Disaster Rec!&ery P'an •
•
to antici'ate key risk (actors and reduce the% to ensure that sta(( are ell trained 8ith re)ular u'dates4 at detectin) and res'ondin) to incidents and the disasters that they %i)ht escalate to and are e((icient in the disaster reco&ery 'rocess
•
to )et the or)ani2ation back on its (eet and o'eratin) as 5uickly and as sa(ely as 'ossible, a 'articularly i%'ortant ob;ecti&e in or)ani2ations ith 'ublic 'ro)ra%s
Ste(s in de&e'!(ing a Disaster Rec!&ery P'an hase I Identi(y 9usiness Issues hase II rioriti2e Critical 9usiness Needs hase III De&elo' $he "eco&ery lan
LO:: CON$"OL
"educin) > eli%inatin) the occurrence o( undesired e&ents throu)h en)ineerin) controls, en(orce%ent o( established 'rocedures, (re5uent trainin) and continuous e&aluation
?ndesired E&ents Not an Accident, but a Loss Incident • 7 Causes 3 Lack o( Control •
6 9asic Causes 7 I%%ediate Causes
Lack o( Control •
Inade5uate :yste%s –
•
Inade5uate :tandards –
•
ro)ra% in 'lace hire, train and e&aluate desirable associates rocedures in 'lace to 'er(or% critical tasks
Inade5uate Co%'liance ith :tandards –
Established standards are not en(orced
9asic Causes 9asic Causes ha&e 6 %a;or cate)ories 3 ersonal !actors – – –
Inade5uate Ca'ability lack o( @noled)e Lack o( :hill
6En&iron%ental – – –
Inade5uate Leadershi' Inade5uate E5ui'%ent Inade5uate En)ineerin)
I%%ediate Causes $he unsa(e act or condition that caused the e&ent to occur 6 Cate)ories 3 :ubstandard Acts 89eha&ior4 I%'ro'er Li(tin) !ailure to Lock Out e5ui'%ent ?sin) E5ui'%ent i%'ro'erly
6
:ubstandard Conditions
Inade5uate #uards De(ecti&e $ools Inade5uate Illu%ination
Mitigati!n •
is a 'lannin) and 're&ention techni5ue, in&ol&es takin) those actions that ill reduce the i%'act o( a disaster occurrence on occu'ants, the buildin) itsel( and the &arious business co%'onents
LO:: "EVEN$ION :$"A$E#IE:
)ey E'ements in De&e'!(ing a L!ss Pre&enti!n Strategy 34 Identi(y the sco'e o( a disaster Criteria (or deter%ination o( a disaster
a4
I%'act o( a disaster to the
'ro'er (unctionin) o( a business entity b4 Actions to 're&ent a disaster
64 Nature o( business o'erations 74 $i%e !ra%es - Deter%ination o( the le&el o( donti%e, hich is the alloable ti%e (or usin) alternate 'rocedures (or a business to (unction a)ain B4 Cost -Alternati&e 'rocedures used to %aintain the business (unction should be cost-e((ecti&e
Pur(!se !" L!ss Pre&enti!n $ake actions hich can reduce the occurrence o( a disaster • $ake actions hich can %ini%i2e 'otential losses •
:trate)ies to %eet the ur'oses o( Loss re&ention 34 De&elo' 'olicy
a
loss
're&ention
$he %ana)e%ent %ust )i&e their 3 co%%it%ent to this 'ro)ra% o( loss 're&ention • Areas o( loss 're&ention %ust be identi(ied • @ey le&els o( authority (or i%'le%entin) loss 're&ention %ust •
64 Identi(y and e&aluate all ha2ards •
Assi)ned 'ersonnel (or a 'articular loss 're&ention area %ust be able to identi(y all 'ossible ha2ards to ensure the sa(ety o( other 'ersonnel
74 Deter%ine riorities •
"eco&ery
All o'erational re5uire%ents o( a co%'any %ust be identi(ied to ensure continuous o'erations
B4 De&elo' the loss 're&ention 'ro)ra% •
!or a success(ul and a''ro'riate loss 're&ention 'ro)ra%, the (olloin) (actors %ust be considered
- Nature o( disaster - Vulnerability o( a 'articular risk
Loss 're&ention techni5ues
F'!!d L!ss •
!loods and ash oodin) al%ost alays occur in Metro Manila and %any other states in the ?: Areas at 'articular risk are those located in – – –
low-lying areas near water downstream from a dam
•
Accordin) to FEMA*, +!!ds are the %ost ides'read o( all disasters, ith the e,ce(ti!n !" -re Most co%%unities in the ?nited :tates is e*'ected to e*'erience so%e oodin) a(ter – – –
s'rin) rains hea&y thunderstor%s or inter sno thas
am a ures -are 'otentially the worst flood event -is usually the result o( • • •
•
Ne)lect 'oor desi)n or structural da%a)e caused by a %a;or e&ent such as earth5uake
.atches Versus .arnings •
A (lood atch ad&isory is issued hen oodin) is 'ossible ithin an area A ood arnin) ad&isory is issued hen a ood is in 'ro)ress or hen oodin) is i%%inent
re&enti&e measures %ay include actions such as • relocatin) buildin) contents to areas ithin the (acility that are abo&e 'redicted ood le&els • initiatin) electrical syste% shutdon 'rocedures • readyin) e&acuation 'rocedures • and e&en intentionally oodin) belo-)rade areas
P!st F'!!d Assessment F All Gre 'rotection e5ui'%ent and syste%s to deter%ine o'erability F $he buildin) structure, ith 'articular attention to (oundation da%a)e F Any da%a)e caused by oatin) debris, includin) aste 'roducts F Any da%a)e to orksite records, docu%entation and other ty'es o( .ork-in-'ro)ress/
Rec!rds Rec!&ery "ecords reco&ery issues that should be addressed include F ost-ood records access F Da%a)e assess%ent F :al&a)e 'lannin) F "e%o&al and 'ackin) o( aterda%a)ed records and data F "ecordsHdata dis'osal F Vacuu% and (ree2e dryin) 'rocesses F :tora e
•
A /e''0!rgani1ed rec!rds rec!&ery ('an not only reduces the costs o( sal&a)e and restoration, it also %ini%i2es the i%'act on those (unctions that are essential to business continuity
REFERENCES 3 International !ederation o( "ed Cross and "ed Crescent :ocieties Disaster Management. "etrie&ed Au)ust 6K, 636 (ro% htt'HHi(rcor)HenHhat-e-doHdisaster-%ana)e%entHabout-disastersHde(ini 6 :altbones, OA 864 Disaster Definitions. "etrie&ed (ro% htt'HH ;hs'heduHresearchHcenters-and-institutesHcenter-(or-re(u)ee-and-disaster7 Da&is, I Emergency Health Training rogramme for !frica. "etrie&ed (ro% htt'HHhointHdisastersHre'oH'd( B htt'HHdoe)o&b2Hdocu%entsHEIAH!alse6Caye6EIA66D!6VersionHCha'ter66Disaster6Mana)e%ent'd( "etrie&ed Au)ust 7,636
