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World's 4th Most Accident-Prone Country
According to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Crescent Societies, the Philippines was the fourth most accident prone country in the world. The two institutions arrived at this conclusion after finding out that some 5,809,986 5,809,986 Filipinos were killed or injured i njured as a result of disasters or man-made calamities over a ten-year period (1992-2001). http://www.txtmania.com/trivi http://www.txtmania.com/trivia/disasters.php a/disasters.php
DISASTER MANAGEMENT REACTIVE / IRRESPONSIBLE RESPONSE
DISASTERS The ‘REACTIVE’
Phase
The ‘ACTIVE’ Phase
ACCIDENTAL
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An event that occur when significant number of people are exposed to hazards to which they are vulnerable, with resulting injury and loss of life often combined with damage to property. property.
DISASTERS
ACCIDENTAL
http://www.scribd.com/doc/3906039 1/Types-of-Disasters
Risk is a measure of the expected losses due to a hazardous event of a particular magnitude occurring in a given area over a specific time period. Risk is a function of the probability of particular occurrences and the losses each would cause.
RISK
ACCIDENTAL
The level of risk depends on: 1. Nature Nature of the the Haz Hazard ard 2. Vulner Vulnerabili ability ty of the eleme elements nts which are affected 3. Econo Economic mic value value of tho those se elements
THE RISK REDUCTION CYCLE LANDSLIDE Recovery
The Response
EPIDEMIC
Risk Assessment
‘REACTIVE’
Phase
FOREST FIRE
The ‘ACTIVE’
Phase
TYPHOONS Prevention Can you??
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
TSUNAMI “ IT “
If not, then Mitigation
FLASH FLOODS
SCAN
Then prepare through planning, training, exercising & reviewing.
NATURAL NATURAL DISASTERS
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EARTHQUAKE Characteristics Occurs with no warning Sudden onset Major effects arise mainly from land movement, fracture or slippage Volcanic Vo lcanic arcs and oceanic trenches partly encircling the Pacific Basin form the so-called Ring of Fire, a zone of frequent earthquakess and volcanic eruptions. earthquake
Worst Wor st Earthquakes On August 2, 1968, an earthquake caused the collapse of Ruby Tower buildings, leaving hundreds of people trapped underneath the rubble. On August 17, 1976, an earthquake caused a tidal wave or tsunami that killed about abou t 8,000 people in Mindanao, On July 16, 1990, an earthquake earthqua ke that registere registered d 7.7 on the Richter scale killed 1,700 people, peop le, injured 3,000 individuals and displaced 148,000 more in Luzon. Among the cities that sustained susta ined the worst damages were Baguio, Dagupan and Cabanatuan.
Problems Areas of Management: 1. Seve Severe re and and exte extens nsive ive dama damage ge 2. Diffi Difficu cult ltyy of of acce access ss move moveme ment nt 3. Wide Widesp sprread ead los losss of dam damag age e to infrastructur infrastructure, e, essential services, 4. And And life life supp suppor ortt sys syste tem m 5. Recov ecover eryy req equi uirrem emen ents ts – restoration, rebuilding (extensive and costly)
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Volcanic Eruptions
There are 37 volcanoes in the Philippines, of which 18 are still active volcanoes.
Volcanic Eruptions Characteristics 1. Major eruptions eruptions can can be predicted predicted 2. Destroy Destroy infrastruc infrastructure ture and and environ environment ment 3. Land surface surface cracki cracking, ng, resulting resulting from volcanic volcanic explosion 4. Lava Lava flow bury buildings and and crops It may cause fires and render land usable 5. Ash in its airborne airborne form form can affect affect aircr aircraft aft by ingestion into engines 6. Ground Ground deposit deposit of ash may destroy crops crops and affect affect land use and water supplies 7. Ash may may cause respira respiratory tory problems problems 8. Mud flows may may arise from associa associated ted heavy heavy rain
Worst Volcanic Eruptions In June, 1991, Mount Pinatubo in Zambales province had the century's second largest volcanic eruption, as it unleashed some 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the earth's atmosphere atmosp here that resulted resulted in slight cooling of the earth's temperature. Thousands of people were believed killed as a result of the eruption er uption and the subsequent lahar flow, which buried several villages in the provinces of Pampanga, Tarlac and Zambales. The eruption also forced American troops out of their bases in Clark, Pampanga Pampan ga and Subic, Zambales.
Counter Measures: 1. LavaLava-use use regula regulations tions 2. Lava Lava contr control ol system system 3. Developmen Developmentt of monitorin monitoring g and warning system 4. Evacuation Evacuation plans and arrangement arrangement 5. Relocatio Relocation n and and population population 6. Public awa awaren reness ess and education education program
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Problem areas for management
1. Access Access problem problem during eruption eruption 2. Timely and accurate accurate evacuation evacuation decisions 3. Public Public apath apathyy 4. Control Control incoming sightsee sightseers rs during implementation implementation of evacuation evacuation plans
General Counter Measures: 1. Optimum Optimum arrangem arrangements ents for receipt receipt and dissemination of warning 2. Evacua Evacuation tion of threatene threatened d communi communities ties from from sea level, low level to high grounds 3. Land Land use regula regulatio tions ns 4. Public Public awareness awareness and educati education on progra program m 5. Progra Program m areas areas for for manage management ment 6. Evacu Evacuati ation on time time sca scale le 7. Searc Search h and and resc rescue ue 8. Recovery Recovery problem problem may may be extensiv extensive e and costly costly due to severe destruction and damage 9. Timely Timely dissemina dissemination tion and warnin warning g
Tsunami Characteristics 1. Veloc elocity ity of the waves waves depends depends on the depth of water water where the seismic disturbance occurs; maybe as high as 900kph 2. Warning Warning signs signs depends depends on distance distance from point point of origin 3. Speed Speed of onse onsett varie variess 4. Impact Impact of shoreline is preceded preceded by marked marked recession recession of normal water level 5. Wave Wave heights heights can can be as high as as 30 meters meters 6. Impact Impact can cause: -flood -flood salt water contamin contamination ation of of crops, soil and water supplies; destruction or damage to buildings, structures and shoreline vegetation
Typhoon Characteristics 1. Usually Usually long warnin warning, g, derived derived from system systematic atic international meteorological observation 2. Speed Speed of onset onset gradua graduall 3. Tends to conform conform to seasonal seasonal pattern pattern 4. Major effec effects: ts: came came from destructi destructive ve forcef forceful ul winds, storm surge (producing inundation) and flooding from intense rainfall rainfall 5. Destruction Destruction and or severe severe damage damage to to building building and other structures, roads, essential services, crops and the environment 6. Major loss of life life and livest livestock ock occur occur
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The Philippines suffers from an average average of 20 20 major storms every year.
Worst Typhoons & Flash Flood
As a typhoon codenamed Thelma was passing the Philippines on November 5, 1991, a flash flood hit Ormoc City in Leyte province, killing at least least 3,000 people and destroying destroying the homes of 50,000 others. others. In September September 1984, a typhoon codenamed Ike killed 1,300 persons while in 1995 typhoon Angela killed 700 people.
Typhoon Ketsana (International designation: 0916, JTWC designation: 17W , PAGASA name: Ondoy) was the most devastating typhoon in the 2009 Pacific typhoon season with a damage of $ of $1.09 billion and 747 fatalities. The storm was the twentytwenty-seventh seventh tropical tropical storm, eighth typhoon and the second major typhoon in the season. It was the most mo st devastating [1] typhoon to hit Manila Manila,, surpassing the Typhoon Patsy in 1970 1970..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Ketsana
General Counter Measures Effective Warning Arrangements 1. Precauti Precautionary onary measures measures during warning warning period (boarding-up buildings, closing public facilities) 2. Moving people to safe safe shelter shelterss 3. General General readiness readiness and clean up measures measures prior to expected cyclone cyclone season sea son (especially to reduce risk of flying objects) 4. Building Building regulati regulations ons 5. Public education education and awareness awareness
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6. Assessment Assessment of affects affects and needs may be difficult 7. Widespre Widespread ad destruction destruction or loss of counterdisaster resources resources 8. Difficulty Difficulty of access and movement movement for reli relief ef operations and medical a ssistance program 9. Searc Search h and rescu rescue e 10.Evacuation 11.Widespread destruction/disruption of essential services 12.Rehabilitation of agriculture agriculture (especially the crops)
On August 3, 1999, heavy torrential rains caused a landslide that killed 58 people and buried over 100 houses at Cherry Hills Subsivision in Antipolo City Ci ty.. On November 9, 2001, a typhoon locally named "Nanang" caused a flashflood that buried 350 residents of Mahinog in the island-province island-province of Camiguin. The highest death toll during a weather disturbance was reported in Bangladesh when a strong cyclone (typhoon) killed nearly 300,000 people in November 1970.
Floods 1. Long, short short or no warning warning depending depending on type of flood 2. Speed of onset may may be gradual gradual or or sudden 3. There There may be seasonal seasonal pattern patternss to flooding 4. Major affects arise mainly from inundation inundation and erosion
General Counter measures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Flood control control (wall (walls, s, gates, dams. dams. Dikes, Dikes, levees) levees) Land use reg regulat ulations ions Buildi Building ng reg regulat ulations ions Forecasti Forecasting, ng, monitoring monitoring and warning warning systems systems Reloc Relocati ation on of populat population ion Evacuation Evacuation plans and arrangeme arrangements nts Emergenc Emergencyy equipment, faciliti facilities es and materials, such as special flood boats, sandbag, sandba g, supplies of sand 8. Public awareness awareness and education education programs programs
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Problem Areas for Management 1. Difficulti Difficulties es of access access ad movement movement 2. Rescue scue 3. Medical Medical health health difficulti difficulties es arising arising from from sanitation problem 4. Large Large scale scale relief relief may be requir required ed until next next crop harvest 5. Evacu vacuat atio ion n 6. Loss Loss of of suppl supplie iess
General Counter Measures 1. Close post-disaster post-disaster monitoring of medical and health aspects 2. Reinfor Reinforcemen cementt of medical and and health aspects 3. An effective effective medical medical and and health sub-plan sub-plan 4. Reinforcement Reinforcement of medical resources resources and supplies 5. Public awa awaren reness ess and education education
Epidemic Disaster-related epidemic arises from fr om disrupted living conditions following disasters
Epidemic may arise from: 1. Food Food sour sources ces 2. Malnut Malnutri riti tion on 3. Water ater sour sources ces 4. Vect ector-bornes diseases 5. Inadequate medical medical and health health faciliti facilities es and standards
Problem Areas for Management 1. Loss of medical medical and health health resour resources ces 2. In country shortage shortage of special equipment equipment 3. Integra Integration tion of outside (internatio (international) nal) medical and health assistance with local systems 4. Containment Containment and contr control ol of common diseases
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Landslide 1. Warni Warning ng perio period d may vary vary 2. Spe Speed ed of onset onset is mostly mostly rapid rapid 3. Damage to structur structures es and systems systems can be severe (buildings may be varied or villages swept away) 4. Rivers Rivers may may be locke locked d causing flooding 5. Crops Crops may may be be affec affected ted 6. Landslides Landslides combined combined with with very very heavy rain rain and heavy rain and flooding may cause high levels of damage and destruction
General Counter Measures 1. Land-use and building regulations regulations 2. Monitor Monitoring ing systems systems 3. Evacuation Evacuation and and or relocation of communities. Relocation Relocation has proved successful where crop growing land areas have been lost. 4. Public awareness awareness progr programs ams
Problem Areas for Management plane crash 1. Difficulties of access and movement in affected affected areas 2. Searc Search h and and rescu rescue e 3. Risk of follow-u follow-up p landslid landslides es may hamper response operations 4. Relocati Relocation on may may be restricted by by indigenous indigenous 5. Relocati Relocation on may may be resisted by indigeno indigenous us communities 6. Rehabilitation Rehabilitation recovery may be complex complex and costly 7. In severe severe cases,, cases,, it may may not be possible possible and / or cost cost effective to rehabilitate the area for organized organized human settlement
Festival Tragedy
sea mishap
FIRE INCIDENTS
ACCIDENTAL
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Worst Fires On March 18, 1996 a fire at Ozone disco along Timog Avenue in Quezon Quezon City left 150 people dead and 90 others seriously injured. Around 350 young Filipinos were inside the bar when the fire struck. It was considered the worst nightclub fire since a blaze killed 164 people in Southgate, Kentucky in 1977. On August 18, 2001, a fire gutted Manor Hotel in Quezon City, killing 75 guests and wounding 52 others. The victims, mostly local members of the Dawn Flowers Ministry, a Texas-based Christian evangelical group, were asleep when the fire struck. They were trapped inside their rooms because the hotel's fire exit was blocked.
Fire Prevention Month News on TV alone proves that fire accidents are always devastating. Whatever is the cause cau se of fire (i.e., faulty wiring system, gas leak, accidental burning, bombing, etc.), means to prevent fire fire will always come in handy ha ndy especially in homes and business establishments. Who can ever forget the incidence in Glorietta Mall?
The annual observance of fire prevention month is pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 115-A signed by then President Ferdinand Marcos in 1967.
He said that the Tuguegarao and Navotas fire incidents that claimed a number of lives and damaged millions of pesos of properties should serve as a wake-up call for for all of us “to always be on guard and to fireproof our surroundings.” Citing a report from the BFP’s Intelligence and
Investigation Investigation Division, Robredo said that for January 2011 alone, a total of 686 fire incidents occurred nationwide with a total of 68 casualties and damages of around P240-million P240-million of properties. The same report noted that of the 686 fire incidents in January, January, majority or 512 were accidental fires, fires, 17 were intentional, 150 are still under investigation, investigation, while seven are still undetermined, he said.
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A series series of activities has also been b een lined up during the month which include the following: Refresher Training Course for Volunteer Fire and Disaster Control Brigades; drawing, essay writing, photo and poster making contest on fire prevention in different d ifferent schools; Barangay Fire Olympics on March 14 and an d BFP-NCR Fire Olympics on March 25. Fire safety inspection, hydrant hyd rant testing, fire drills, caravans and Barangay Ugnayan shall also be held in the different d ifferent regions regions of the country.
Fire prevention tips The following fire prevention measures are generally recommended: 1. Proper installation installation and maintenance maintenance of electrical connections 2. Avoiding the the use of metal items like staples or nails to fasten electric cords 3. Proper maintenance maintenance of electric cords 4. Proper use, storage, storage, and maintenance of all electrical appliances 5. Unplugging of electrical appliances after after use 6. Proper connection connection and maintenance of gas gas stoves and LPG tanks
Prevention is an important component of Disaster Disaster Risk Reduction. Action within this phase is designed to prevent damaging consequences.
7. Keeping flammable flammable liquids, matches, matches, and lighters out of children’s reach
8. Avoiding smoking smoking indoors and making sure that cigarette butts are fully extinguished when discarding them 9. Making sure that lighted candles and mosquito mosquito coils are never left unattended 10.Obeying of “no smoking” signs 11.Installation 11.Installation and maintenance of fire detection and prevention devices 12.Securing an appropriate and effective fire extinguisher for your home, which should be Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) certified 13.Proper storage of flammable items 14.Keeping flammable objects away away from stoves and other heating devices 15.Observing vigilance when cooking
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Worst Sea Accidents In December 1987, some 4,341 people died d ied when Dona Paz, an inter-island passenger pa ssenger ferry owned by Sulpicio Lines collided with an oil tanker off Mindoro Island. Sadly it was not to be the th e last sea tragedy in in the Philippines, an archipelago of 7,107 islands. In 1988, around around 250 people died when Dona Marilyn, another anoth er passenger ferry ferry owned by Sulpicio Lines, sank. On April 11, 2002, at least 30 people were killed killed when MV M V Maria Carmella, which was bound from the island-province island-p rovince of Masbate for Lucena City in Quezon province, caught fire.
Worst Air Accidents On April 19, 2000, some 131 people were killed when a commercial airplane from Manila crashed in Samal Island, Davao del Norte province (southern Mindanao). All the passengers and crew, crew, including four infants, of Air Philippines Boeing 737-200 (Flight 541 from Manila) died in what is n ow considered the worst air tragedy in the Philippines. A local commercial flight bound boun d for northern Luzon crashed into Manila Bay seven minutes minu tes after takeoff in the morning of November 11, 2002, leaving 19 people including six foreign tourists dead. Ten people survived.
Among the most frequently mentioned causes of the sea accidents were were overloading of the ship, ageing facilities, badly trained crewmembers, crewmembers, and poor compliance by the vessels with safety precautions and measures. measures. While the Philippines has over 7,100 islands and 10,000 ships or boats, the Philippine Coastguard Coastguard has only 4,000 men.
The ill-fated ill-fated airplane - an ageing Fokker 27 - was boun d from Manila for Laoag City in northern Luzon, with 29 passengers and crewmembers on board, when it encountered an engine trouble and crashed one kilometer off the Manila Bay shoreline shor eline in Paranaque City. City. The dead victims include include five Australian tourists and a British national. Among the 10 survivors was an Australian tourist. The two Filipino captains of the airplane also survived, along with a flight stewardess and a plane mechanic. On July 2, 2000, an Air Force Nomad plane crashed somewhere in Sulu Sea, killing its 13 crewmembers and passengers, including the late Palawan Governor Salvador Salvador Socrates and Western Command chief Maj. Gen. Santiago Madrid.
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Worst Festival Tragedy On July 2, 1993, a pagoda carrying hundreds hundreds of Catholic devotees during the annual pagoda festival in Bocaue, Bulacan sank into the muddy Bocaue River. About 279 people, including children, drowned in the incident. One victim, Sajid Bulig, died a hero after saving four children out of the river.
too much extraction of groundwater
armed conflicts
massacre deportation or relocation incidents
MAN MADE
Coastal Areas Sinking According to the University of the Philippines' National Institute of Geological Sciences, low coastal areas at the Manila Bay, such as Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela Valenzuela and several towns in Bulacan, Pampanga and Bataan have have sunk one meter in the past 30 years or ten times than the rate of the global sea level rise in the last century. In their paper "Flooding in Pampanga, Bataan, Bulacan Bulacan and Camanava: Camanava: Causes, Trends and Possible Solutions", geologists blamed the fast rise of water level at the Manila Bay to too much extraction of groundwater by a growing population and economic activities. activities. There Ther e are about 23 million people living around the Manila Bay, who experience flood during the rainy season.
Worst Disaster in History On July 12, 2000, the Philippines witnessed one of the world's most horrifying images of social tragedy in history. Nearly 500 garbage scavengers who were were living literally at the th e Payatas dumpsite in Quezon City were buried bu ried alive under tons of garbage when a 50-foot garbage mountain collapsed collapsed on their makeshift houses at the height height of torrential torrential rains. It was a tragic commentary on poverty in the Philippines, yet the lesson remains to be b e learned to this day.
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Worst Terrorist Attacks No one thought that banditry still exists in the modern era. In April 1995, the Muslim extremist Abu Sayyaf (Bearers of the Sword) group raided the Christian town of Ipil in Zamboanga del Norte province and burned all its houses and establishments. The group also shot dead at least 54 residents of the town. The worst terrorist attack attack in Metro Manila took too k place on December 30, 2000, which was a holiday (Rizal Day). A series of bombings rocked the metropolis on that day. The worst explosion happened inside a train of the Light Rail Transit (LRT) in Manila where 22 passengers were killed and hundreds more were wounded.
On April 21, 2002, 15 innocent inno cent civilians were killed while 60 others were injured injured when a bomb bo mb exploded outside a shopping mall in General Santos City (southern Mindanao). The Abu Sayyaf quickly claimed responsibility over the bombing, although the military was convinced that tha t a larger Muslim rebel rebel group could be involved. involved. On October 19, a bomb exploded aboard a public bus, killing three passengers and wounding 19 others in Balintawak, Quezon City. A fragmentation grenade grenade also a lso exploded in Makati City but injured no one on October 17.
In March, 2002, a group which identified itself itself as the Indigenous Federal State Army planted at least 10 hoax bombs around Metro Manila purportedly to demand the establishment of separate governments for Muslim and indigenous people. Investigators, however, denied that such a group exists and blamed the bomb scare to existing rebel groups.
On October 17, two of the seven bombs planted around Zamboanga City (western Mindanao) exploded, leaving seven people dead and 144 others injured. On October 10, a bomb , which was allegedly planted by an extortion group, exploded inside a bus terminal in Kidapawan City (central (central Mindanao), Mindan ao), leaving 8 people dead and 25 others injured. On the night of October 2, a bomb, allegedly planted by Muslim extremist extremist Abu Sayyaf group, exploded in front of a karaoke bar in Zamboanga Zamboa nga City (western (western Mindanao), Mindanao ), killing killing an American soldier and two Filipinos and wounding 19 others, including another American soldier.
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September 11 Attacks What is considered as the world's terrorist attack was the September 11 airplane assault on the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York in 2001. About 3,000 people were believed killed in the incident that brought all the floors of the two buildings to the ground. Reports said there were at least 500 Filipinos or Filipino-Americans working at the World Trade Trade Center. There were 80,000 Fili Filipinos pinos living in New York City and another 50,000 in Washington D.C.
What to do in case of fire f ire 1. Small fires may be extinguished by covering the flame with a non-flammable item like a pot cover or a dampened towel or blanket. Water should be used only for non-electrical fires. 2. If the fire gets out of hand, the nearest fire fire department should be called. 3. Escape quickly quickly.. Your household should agree on an escape plan and each room should have at least two easily accessible accessible escape routes. 4. Avoid suffocation suffocation in a smoke-filled room by crawling crawling as close to the ground as possible on hands and knees to the nearest exit. 5. If your clothes catch on fire, stop, drop and roll to extinguish the flames
Sound risk assessment obtaining accurate information impact it will have on the country and its people identification of opportunities
On How To Prevent Fire Accident: Cigarette Smoking – is the number one factor of causing
fire especially at home, offices, and even in public places. Throwing of Cigarette of Cigarette butts irresponsibly anywhere could possibly ignite some combustible materials and it can create a huge fire. Cooking in the Kitchen – Mostly we used electrical stove, charcoal, gas-stove, gas-stove, to start fire and cook our food, however, however, some people are not aware that using these tools are harmful if not properly use. In some scenario that you need to leave the kitchen do not leave the cooking pan or pots unattended putt-off the fire first before leaving leaving the area.
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Candles or Kerosene lamp – lamp – are usually use as an alternative if
power outage are being experience during at night. To avoid fire incident, do not place it near the curtain and other combustible materials. Before going to bed to sleep, make sure that the lights have been put-off. Electrical Appliances Appliances – – are also one of the contributors in causing major fire accident. Never make a wire octopus connection, do not plug-in an electrical appliances for a long period of time especially when not in use. Do not experiment especially if you don’t have ideas about electricity. Make sure to
turn off the main electrical circuit breaker before leaving the house if no one left. Hazardous Materials – Materials – we should disposed properly hazardous materials like paints, gas, adhesives and other combustible chemicals since these can cause fire.
Focus on practical steps that you and your family can take to become better prepared.
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