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_______________________ __________________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ __________________ ______ TABLE OF CONTENTS _______________________ __________________________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ __________________ ______
1. List of Abbreviations............................... Abbreviations...................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................2 ......2 2. Index of Authorities...................................... Authorities............................................................. .............................................. .............................................. ........................3 .3 2.1 Case Laws.............................................. Laws..................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .........................3 ..3 2.2 Statutes and Guidelines................................................................. Guidelines........................................................................................ ................................3 .........3 2.3 Books....................................... Books.............................................................. .............................................. .............................................. .......................................3 ................3 2.4 e ebsites......................... bsites................................................ .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..........................3 ...3 3. State!ent of 4. %. '. &.
"urisdi#tion................................................................... "urisdi#tion............................................ .............................................. ..................................4 ...........4 State!ent of $a#ts................................................ $a#ts....................................................................... .............................................. ........................................% .................% Issues................................................. Issues........................................................................ .............................................. .............................................. ....................................& .............& Su!!ar( of Ar)u!ents........................ Ar)u!ents................................................ ............................................... .............................................. ...............................& ........& Ar)u Ar)u!e !ent ntss Advan dvan#ed #ed &.1 &.1 heth hether er ther theree is an( an( viol violati ation on of fund funda! a!en enta tall ri)h ri)htt unde underr arti# arti#le le 21 of the the #onstitution
of
India*.............................................. India*..................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................+ .....+ +. ,ra(er...................... ,ra(er............................................. ............................................... ............................................... .............................................. ....................................12 .............12
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ________________________________________________________________
677777777777777777777777777777777777And AI07777777777777777777777777777..All India 0e8orter C 7777777777777777777777777777777.i)h Court on9ble 77777777777777777777777777777.onourable Ltd. 77777777777777777777777777777777.Li!ited /rs77777777777777.7777777777777777777/thers ,ara77777777777777.......................................................................,ara)ra8h ,77777777777777...77777777777777777777.,a)e SC 7....................................................................................................................Su8re!e Court SCC77777777777777.....................................................Su8re!e Court Case Se#777777777777777777777777777777777Se#tion v.777777777777777.777777777777777777...:ersus
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INDEX OF AUTHORITIES CASE LAWS
1. 2. 3. 4. %. '. &. +.
$ran#is Coralie -ullin vs Ad!inistrator nion of elhi "aved vs. State of ar(ana arendra;it Sin)h vs /I 0a!esharan vs /I 0u8inder Sin)h Sodhi and Another vs nion of India and /thers Satwant Sin)h Sawhne( v. . 0a!arathna! A,/ State throu)h CBI v. ara(an a!an erukar State of Andhra ,radesh vs. alla!ili 0a!i 0edd(
STATUTES 1. 5he Constitution of India< 1=%> 2. -otor :ehi#les A#t< 1=++ 3. ,oli#e A#t< 1+'1
BOOKS 1. ..Basu< Co!!entar( on the Constitution of India< ,art 3< + th dition 2>>+ 2. -.,."ain < Indian Constitutional Law< Sixth dition 2>1>< Lexisnexis 3. :..Shukla< Constitution of India< 12 th edition< astern Book Co!8an(
WEBSITES 1. www.!anu8atra.#o! 2. www.westlaw.#o! 3. www.indiankanoon.#o!
________________________________________________________________ STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION ________________________________________________________________
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5he #ounsel for the 0es8ondent !ost hu!bl( and res8e#tfull( sub!its to the ;urisdi#tion of this on9ble i)h Court and a##e8ts that the #ourt has the 8ower under Arti#le 22' 1 of the Constitution of India to hear the 8resent !atter and ad;ud)e a##ordin)l(.
________________________________________________________________ STATEMENT OF FACTS ________________________________________________________________ 1. -r. Sudhakaran is the son of -r. 0a)hunandan !et with an a##ident on 1+ th "an< 2>12 on the 5rivendru! and Cho#hin i)hwa(. e sustained severe intestinal da!a)e and #ontusion of the liver as well as an#illar( in;uries. e was taken to the A8ollo 1 ,ower of i)h Courts to issue #ertain writsotwithstandin) an(thin) in Arti#le 32 ever( i)h Court shall
have 8owers< throu)hout the territories in relation to whi#h it exer#ise ;urisdi#tion< to issue to an( 8erson or authorit(< in#ludin) in a88ro8riate #ases< an( Govern!ent< within those territories dire#tions< orders or writs< in#ludin) writs in the nature of habeas #or8us< !anda!us< 8rohibitions< ?uo warranto and #ertiorari< or an( of the!< for the enfor#e!ent of an( of the ri)hts #onferred b( ,art III and for an( other 8ur8ose
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os8ital in 5rivendru! at where the do#tors advised -r.0a)hunandan to take his son to -a(ot os8ital in Chennai. 5he( also advised -r. 0a)hunandan that his son has to under)o o8eration within twent( four hours else< his son will suffer 8aral(sis and !a( su##u!b. 2. 5he do#tors at A8ollo hos8ital fixed o8eration on 1= th "an< 2>12< infor!ed -r.0a)hunandan that his son has to travel with artifi#ial life su88ort s(ste!. -r.0a)hunand an i!!ediatel( #onta#ted -r.Avinash< the a)ent of @in)fisher Airlines at 5rivendru! for bookin) the fli)ht ti#kets b( ex8lainin) the #ondition of his son. 3. -r.Avinash Airlines a)ent booked the ti#kets for -r.0a)hunandan in @in)fisher Airlines fro! 5rivendru! to Chennai via Ban)alore transit ti#ket and also infor!ed hi! about the arran)e!ents he !ade with the @in)fisher Airlines for #arr(in) on the life savin) !a#hine till Ban)alore and !entioned that the further arran)e!ents in the #onne#tin) fli)ht shall be !ade b( the @in)fisher Airlines 8ersonnel. 4. -r. 0a)hunandan alon) with his son who is with life su88ort s(ste! boarded the fli)ht at 4 8! on 1+ th ;an<2>12.xa#tl( at %.3> 8! it rea#hed the Ban)alore air8ort where -r. 0a)hunandan was asked to wait for the ;et airlines fli)ht whi#h is s#heduled to take off at & 8! on the sa!e da(. %. Around '.4% 8! ;et airlines offi#ials infor!ed -r. 0a)hunandan that as 8er the #onditions in #l.+ of ;et Airlines the bearer of this #ertifies that heshe is in fit #ondition to fl( and is not sufferin) fro! an( health 8roble! whi#h !a( be a hindran#e to his travel. So the( #an9t board his son into the ;et Airlines $li)ht. '. -r.0a)hunandan 8leaded with the "et Airlines authorities to take note of the seriousness of his son and re?uested the! to allow their travel. Ins8ite of all the 8leas b( -r.0a)hunandan< the offi#ials refused to board his son into the "et Airlines fli)ht. &.
-r.0a)hunandan a88roa#hed the @idwa( hos8ital. 5he do#tors of @idwa( Su8er S8e#ialit( os8ital infor!ed -r.0a)hunandan that his son9s #ondition is further deterioratin) and he needs to under)o o8eration within six hours and it #an be done
onl( in -a(ot os8ital in Chennai. +. At +.3> 8! on 1+ th"anuar(< 2>12< -r.0a)hunandan finall( de#ided to take his son b( road to Chennai with the hel8 of do#tors at @idwa( Su8er S8e#ialit( os8ital in Ban)alore. -r.0a)hunandan started the ;ourne( to Chennai in the a!bulan#e of -a!ata Su8er S8e#ialit( os8ital in Ban)alore at +.4%8! on 1+ th"anuar(< 2>12. =. After three hours of travellin)< the vehi#le was sto88ed b( the 5a!il adu 8oli#e at 05/ #he#k 8ost for routine #he#ku8 at 11.4% 8! on 1+ th"anuar(< 2>12. urin) the #he#ku8< the( found that the driver9s drivin) li#ense has ex8ired a da( before. So<
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the( sto88ed the vehi#le for further investi)ation. -r.0a)hunandan infor!ed the Ins8e#tor who is in #har)e there about the e!er)en#( situation and re?uested hi! to allow the ;ourne(. -r.0a)hunandan also 8leaded before the Ins8e#tor that his son has )ot Dri)ht to life9 a #onstitutional ri)ht )uaranteed under Art. 21 of the Constitution. 5he ins8e#tor refused to #onsider an(thin) and said 8ro8er 8ro#edure is re?uired to be allowed. 1>. 5he ti!e the( rea#hed the hos8ital< the do#tors infor!ed -r.0a)hunandan that his son was alread( atta#ked b( a 8aral(ti# stroke and 8aral(Eed one hour before. 5he( also infor!ed hi! that he won9t be able to !ove an( li!bs of his bod( below his ne#k and also will re!ain in #o!a for the rest of his life.
________________________________________________________________ ISSUSED RAISED ________________________________________________________________
1. Wh!h" !h" #$ %&' (#)*%!#)& )+ +,&-%&!%* "#/h! ,&-" %"!#0* 21 )+ !h 0)&$!#!,!#)& )+ I&-#%
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________________________________________________________________ SUMMAR OF ARUMENTS ________________________________________________________________
1. Wh!h" !h" #$ %&' (#)*%!#)& )+ +,&-%&!%* "#/h! ,&-" A"!#0* 21 )+ !h C)&$!#!,!#)& )+ I&-#%
It is hu!bl( sub!itted before this on9ble #ourt that there is no violation of funda!ental ri)ht under Arti#le 21 be#ause there is nothin) to show that the a#t #arried out b( 8oli#e was in #ontravention with the 8ro#edure established b( law. 5he a#t of the 8oli#e was to exa!ine the vehi#le whi#h was a routine #he#k< and in #onsonan#e with the law< hen#e in a##ordan#e with the 8ro#edure established b( law< and thus there is no violation of Arti#le 21.
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ARUMENTS ADVANCED
ISSUE 1 Wh!h" !h" #$ %&' (#)*%!#)& )+ +,&-%&!%* "#/h! ,&-" A"!#0* 21 )+ !h C)&$!#!,!#)& )+ I&-#%
It is hu!bl( sub!itted before the on9ble #ourt that there is no violation of an( funda!ental ri)ht b( the state.
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A0! 7,$!#+#- ,&-" 89")0-," E$!%:*#$h- :' *%;<
Arti#le 21 of the Indian Constitution states that< 89")!0!#)& )+ *#+ %&- ="$)&%* *#:"!' N) ="$)& $h%** : -="#(- )+ h#$ *#+ )" ="$)&%* *#:"!' >0=! %00)"-#&/ !) =")0-," $!%:*#$h- :' *%;.<
Art 21 is not an absolute ri)ht )iven to 8erson a)ainst the state. It has #ertain restri#tion whi#h are atta#hed to it. ,ro#edure established b( law as )iven in Art 21 is not an( ordinar( law but should be an ena#ted law. As held in the #ase of< F"%&0#$ C)"%*# M,**#& ($ A-#&#$!"%!)" U&#)& )+ D*h# 2< an( a#t whi#h is done or #arried out in a##ordan#e with the 8ro#edure laid down b( an( statute< then there #annot be an( violation of Art.21 as ever(thin) is done a##ordin) to the law and hen#e #annot be taken as infrin)in) so!eone9s funda!ental ri)ht< in this #ase< under Art.21 of #onstitution of India. Sa!e was also laid in the #ase of< Satwant Singh Sawhney v. D. Ramarathnam APO 3. As held in the #ase of Ramesharan vs UOI 4 < b( the on9ble Su8re!e Court that an( interferen#e b( 8oli#e with the freedo! of a 8erson is infrin)e!ent of Art.21 if it is not authoriEed b( the law. 5herefore visit b( 8oli#e at ni)ht is infrin)e!ent as it is not authoriEed. If the a#t is authoriEed it #annot be #lai!ed as a violation. 5hus< it #an be inferred fro! the above #ases that violation o##urs onl( when there is so!ethin) done whi#h is not authoriEed b( law< but in this #ase< the a#t of the 8oli#e was authoriEed b( the law. Se#tion 13> of -otor :ehi#le A#t< 1=++ 8rovidesF
2 1=+1 AI0 &4'
3 1='& AI0 1+3'
4 1=+= AI0 SC %4=
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D,!' !) =")-,0 *#0&0 %&- 0"!#+#0%! )+ "/#$!"%!#)& 5he driver of a !otor vehi#le in an( 8ubli# 8la#e shall< on de!and b( an( 8oli#e offi#er in unifor!< 8rodu#e his li#en#e for exa!ination. ,rovided that the driver !a(< of his li#en#e has been sub!itted to< or has been siEed b(< an( offi#er or authorit( under this or an( other A#t< 8rodu#e in lieu of the li#en#e a re#ei8t or other a#knowled)e!ent issued b( su#h offi#er or authorit( in res8e#t thereof an thereafter 8rodu#e the li#en#e within su#h 8eriod< in su#h !anner as the Central Govern!ent !a( 8res#ribe to the 8oli#e offi#er !akin) the de!and. So the a#t of the 8oli#e< i.e. sto88in) the vehi#le and askin) for the li#en#e was an a#t that was an ena#ted law under the -otor :ehi#les A#t< 1=++ whi#h is a #entral statute and thus ena#ted b( the le)islature. So an( a#t done b( the 8oli#e followin) the 8ro#edure enshrined in the statute #o!es within 8ro#edure established b( law. In the #ase of Narendrajit Singh vs UOI 5< it was held that< an a##used #ould not be released even if he )ot bail be#ause of 8enden#( of several #ases in whi#h 8rodu#tion warrants had been issued< it was held there was no violation of Arti#le 21. Si!ilarl(< in the 8resent #ase here< even thou)h it was an e!er)en#( but it was the dut( of the 8oli#e to #he#k the vehi#le and es8e#iall( when it was found that the driver li#ense had alread( ex8ired. 5he fa#t #annot be i)nored that< the li#ense was ex8ired and thus drivin) the vehi#le was ille)al and the 8oli#e needed to take the re)ular #ourse of a#tion a##ordin) to the 8ro#edure )enerall( followed in su#h #ases.
O:$!",0!#)& )+ M)(&! )& H#/h;%' L/%*
In the #ase of< Rupinder Singh Sdhi and Anther vs Unin ! India and Others " it was held that no one is entitled to barri#ade a hi)hwa( so as to 8revent !e!bers of the 8ubli# 5 1=&1 AI0 3>'
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fro! usin) it but the 8oli#e< whose dut( it is to enfor#e law and order are entitled in the dis#har)e of that dut( to i!8ose reasonable restraints on the 8h(si#al !ove!ent of !e!bers of the 8ubli# to 8rote#t 8ubli# 8ro8ert( and to avoid needless in#onvenien#e to other #itiEens in their lawful 8ursuits. But all su#h restraints on 8ersonal libert(< if at all< have to be #o!!ensurate with the ob;e#t whi#h furnishes their ;ustifi#ation. 5hus< in the 8resent #ase also the obstru#tion of the vehi#le for #he#kin) was the dut( of the 8oli#e< and was within his ri)hts when he sto88ed the a!bulan#e for #he#kin) as it was a 8art of his dut( to enfor#e the law and order in a wa( whi#h he was assi)ned to #arr( it out. 5hus it was 8erfe#tl( reasonable and ;ustified on 8art of 8oli#e to sto8 and there arises no dis8ute re)ardin) ille)alit( in stoo8in) the vehi#le on the hi)hwa( for #he#kin). N) M%*%+#- I&!&!#)&
A##ordin) to se#tion 23 of ,oli#e A#t<1+'1 D,!#$ )+ =)*#0)++#0"$ It shall be the dut( of ever( 8oli#eHoffi#er 8ro!8tl(< to obe( and exe#ute all orders and warrants lawfull( issued to hi! b( an( #o!8etent authorit( to #olle#t and #o!!uni#ate intelli)en#e affe#tin) the 8ubli# 8ea#e to 8revent the #o!!ission of offen#es and 8ubli# nuisan#es to dete#t and brin) offen#es to ;usti#e and to a88rehend all 8ersons who! he is le)all( authorised to a88rehend< and for whose a88rehension suffi#ient )round exists and it shall be lawful for ever( 8oli#eH offi#er< for an( of the 8ur8oses !entioned in this se#tion< without a warrant to enter and ins8e#t< an( drinkin)Hsho8< )a!in)Hhouse or other 8la#e of resort of loose and disorderl( #hara#ters.
5hus< it was in furtheran#e of this dut( of the 8oli#e that< he #arried out the #he#kin) and there was no other !alafide intention of the 8oli#e!an behind the a#t whi#h he did and this is ver( i!8ortant to 8rove here be#ause< while 8erfor!in) an a#t 8res#ribed throu)h 8ro#edure established b( law< the intention 8la(s a !a;or role.
In the #ase of< State thrugh #$I v. Narayan %aman Neru&ar ' ( SC held that while #onsiderin) the ?uestion of dela( in trial< the #ourt has a dut( to see whether the 8rolon)ation 6 1=+3 AI0 SC '%
7 AI0 2>>2 SC 2=&&
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was on a##ount of an( dela(in) ta#ti#s ado8ted b( the a##used and other relevant as8e#ts whi#h #ontribute to the dela(. en#e< while #onsiderin) an( ?uestion of infrin)e!ent while 8erfor!in) an a#t 8res#ribed throu)h 8ro#edure established b( law< the intention 8la(s a !a;or role. If the vi#ti! suffered b( !is#hief or an( dela(in) ta#ti#s of an investi)atin) a)en#( or 8oli#e onl( then #an there be violation. If there is no su#h !alafide intention and is !ere dis#har)e of a re)ular dut(< it is not violation.
I&-#(#-,%* L#:"!' 0%&&)! : $!"$$-
$unda!ental ri)hts are )uaranteed to 8erson< but so!eti!es under so!e s8e#ial #ir#u!stan#es the( are not a88li#able to ea#h and ever( 8erson in the sa!e wa(. If so!e a#t is infrin)in) the ri)ht of an( 8arti#ular individual in so!e s8e#ial #ir#u!stan#e< then it #annot be said to be in #ontravention of the funda!ental ri)hts as a whole. 5herefore< stress on individual libert( #annot be laid down as the sole #riteria for violation of Art 21.
In J%(- ($. S!%! )+ H%"'%&% it was held that test of individual libert( #annot be stressed so as to )ive a )oHb(e to ;usti#e and established duties.
Also in #ase of< S!%! )+ A&-h"% 9"%-$h ($. N%**%#*# R%# R--' ? it was held that< !erel( be#ause A.,. Charitable 6 indu Institution 6 ndow!ent A#t results in so!e hardshi8s to so!e tenant< #ould not be held as de8rivation of life.
5herefore< it #an be inferred here that< !erel( be#ause so!e a#tstatute results in loss of 8ersonal libert( of a 8arti#ular individual< in this #ase the 8etitioner< therefore #annot #lai! violation of funda!ental ri)ht under Arti#le 21.
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8 rit ,etition J#ivilK 3>2 of 2>>1
9 A88eal J#ivilK 3'=4H3&4+ of 1=='
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9RAER ________________________________________________________________________
herefore it is 8ra(ed< in li)ht of the issues raised< ar)u!ents advan#ed< and authorities #ited< that this onble Court !a( be 8leased toF
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e#lare that there was no violation of Arti#le 21 and therefore the State is not liable to 8a( #o!8ensation of an( kind to the 8etitioners.
And Pass any ther Order( Dire)tin( r Re*ie! that it may deem !it in the $est Interests ! +usti)e( ,airness( -uity and /d #ns)ien)e.
,r 0his A)t ! 1indness( the Appe**ant Sha** Duty $und ,rever Pray.
S- C),&$* )& :h%*+ )+ R$=)&-&!
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