[PSHS-NCE Review] Science

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PSHS National Competitive Examination Review Scientific Ability [PART 1] THE HUMAN BODY [01] The excretory system is responsible in regulating and eliminating the wastes produced in the human body. Which of the following correctly matches an organ of the excretory system with its function? [A] urinary bladder; temporary storage of urine [B] kidney; filters out wastes [C] urethra; tube connecting kidneys to urinary bladder [D] A and B [E] A, B, and C [02] Dialysis is a medical procedure where a patient’s blood is let out and passed through a dialysis machine. In the machine, blood passes through a filter, removing unwanted materials and then the “clean blood” is delivered from the machine back to the patient’s body. What organ is most likely damaged for patients who need to undergo dialysis? [A] heart

[B] lungs

[C] kidney

[D] spleen

[E] liver

[03] The relative amounts of water and salt found in urine depends on whether there was too much or too little of them in the organism’s body. Which of the following are true of the urine composition of freshwater and marine (that is, living in the sea) fish? [A] freshwater fish has larger volume of urine than marine fish [B] freshwater fish has more salt in their urine than marine fish [C] freshwater fish gets more nutrients than marine fish [D] A and C [E] B and C [04] Which of the following is not true about sweat? [A] it is secreted by the sebaceous glands [B] it mainly consists of water and salt [C] it helps in cooling our bodies [D] it maintains the right balance of water and salt [E] C and D [05] The integumentary system is mainly made up of epithelial tissue. Cuboidal epithelium lines many glands, like the thyroid and salivary glands. Columnar epithelium lines the intestines. Squamous epithelium lines blood vessels and air sacs of the lungs. Using these information, what can be concluded about the function of epithelial tissues? [A] columnar epithelium is for gas exchange [B] squamous epithelium is for hormone secretion [C] columnar epithelium is for absorption of nutrients from digested food [D] cuboidal epithelium is for hormone secretion [E] squamous epithelium is for absorption of nutrients from digested food

[06] Beneath our skin is an expansive layer of fat. What is the purpose of this fat?

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[A] it protects us from bacteria and viruses that may enter through the skin [B] it keeps us warm [C] it can be an alternative energy source when food is scarce [D] A and B [E] B and C [07] Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? [A] support [C] movement blood cells [B] protection of vital organs[D] secretion of hormones

[E] production of

[08] A hinge joint is shown in the right. It is the joint connecting bones of the lower (ulna and radius) and upper (humerus) arms. Which of the following illustrates the motion allowed by the hinge joint?

the

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[A] [C]

[B]

[D]

[09] Muscle fibers vary in the speed with which they contract. Fast-twitch fibers are used for short but powerful contractions while slow-twitch fibers are used for weak, steady but longterm contractions. Which of the following muscles is slow-twitch? [A] the eye muscles that make us blink [B] the back muscles that make us stand

[C] the heel muscles that make us sprint [D] the hand muscles that make us wave

[10] Which of the following differences between muscle types is not true? [A] skeletal is striated, smooth is not [C] smooth is voluntary, cardiac is involuntary [B] cardiac is striated, smooth is not [E] cardiac is involuntary, smooth is involuntary [C] skeletal is voluntary, cardiac is involuntary

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PSHS National Competitive Examination Review Scientific Ability FIGURE 1. [A] Distribution of three kangaroo species in Australia. [B] Average annual temperature and [C] average rainfall in Australia. [A]

[B]

[C]

HEADSTART TUTORIAL AND REVIEW CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE FIGURE 2. Climatograph for the various terrestrial biomes

FIGURE 3. Hertzsprung Russell Diagram

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PSHS National Competitive Examination Review Scientific Ability [PART 2] LIFE AND THE ENVIRONMENT [01]