Proyecto: Procesamiento y Comercialización de Café Orgánico

WHE]GZTELCL HCDEKHCN LG EHOGHEGZÀC

MCDWN\CL LG EHOGHEGZÀC GDKHÔ@EDC, GT\CLÀT\EDC U DEGHDECT TKDECNGT

„VZKDGTC@EGH\K

U DK@GZDECNEYCDEÔH LG DCMÅ KZOÃHEDK‐

Vrgsghtclk cn9 Vrkm. TCHDBGY DC@EHK, Cnjgrtk Mrchdesdk Dursk9 Vrgpcrcdeôh lg prkygdtks Vrgsghtclk pkr9 VCN@C DCNLGZÔH, Cngichlrk Ocnengk \KZZGT CDKT\C, Ngheh Cnu`hks lg ]EEE dednk Ne`c — :634

3

E.

CTVGD\KT OGHGZCNGT

3. HK@JZG LGN VZKUGD\K VZKDGTC@EGH\K U DK@GZDECNEYCDEÔH LG DCMÅ KZOÃHEDK :. KJIG\E]KT LGN VZKUGD\K c. KJIG\E]K OGHGZCN Lgscrrknncr gn `grdclk ehtgrhk lg dcmå kroãhedk y jrehlcr uh prkludtk kroãhedk lg cntc dcnelcl cn `grdclk gxtgrhk.

j. KJIG\E]K VZEHDEVCN  Ctghlgr nc lg`chlc ehtgrhc lg dcmå kroãhedk g ehdrg`ghtcr nc pcrtedepcdeôh lgn dcmå kroãhedk pgruchk gh gn `grdclk gxtgrhk, y pksedekhcr c nks pgqugóks prkludtkrgs gh gn `grdclk ehtgrhcdekhcn.

d. KJIG\E]K GTVGDÀMEDKT        

Ehstcncdeôh g e`png`ghtcdeôh lg nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh. Dkhtrctcdeôh lg prkmgsekhcngs pcrc nc prkluddeôh lgn dcmå kroãhedk. Dkhtrctcdeôh y dcpcdetcdeôh lg pgrskhcn kpgrcrek lg nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh. Jusdcr ehdrg`ghtcr gn dkhsu`k ehtgrhk. Ehdrg`ghtcr ncs gxpkrtcdekhgs lgn dcmå kroãhedk lg cntc dcnelcl. Zgcnezcr uh gstulek lg `grdclk pcrc lgtgr`ehcr ncs prgmgrghdecs lg dcmå kroãhedk pkr pcrtg lg nks dkhsu`elkrgs. Vrkpedecr gn vcnkr corgoclk gh nc prkluddeôh lgn dcmå kroãhedk. Gstcjngdgr ncs prgsghtcdekhgs c prkluder y dk`grdecnezcr lgn dcmå kroãhedk.

4. IWT\EMEDCDEÔH LGN VZKUGD\K Gstg prkygdtk gs rgcnezclk pkr nc hgdgselcl lg lcr c dkhkdgr nks lemgrghtgs jghgmedeks qug teghg gn dcmå kroãhedk, tchtk pcrc nc gdknkoàc, dk`k pcrc nc scnul lgn dugrpk bu`chk, gstk prehdepcn`ghtg lereoelk cn `grdclk nkdcn, yc qug sgoùh ncs gstclàstedcs gn dkhsu`k pgr dãpetc chucn lg dcmå gs 6.7ao, `uy pkr lgjcik lg ktrks pcàsgs lg nc rgoeôh, Hkrtgc`åredc, Gurkpc y Csec.  Cse`es`k, rgspgdtk cn `grdclk gxtgrhk sg jusdc ehdrg`ghtcr nc pcrtedepcdeôh lgn dcmå kroãhedk pgruchk. Gn dcmå gs gn prehdepcn prkludtk coràdknc lg gxpkrtcdeôh gh gn Vgrù. Tu duntevk sg dkhdghtrc gh gn dcmå crãjedk (Dkmmgc crãjedc), gh ncs vcreglclgs \àpedc, Jkurjôh, Vcdbg, Dcturrc y Dcte`kr. Tu prkluddeôh lergdtc oghgrc <4 `ennkhgs lg ikrhcngs cn cók, c nks qug sg su`ch 7 `ennkhgs lg ikrhcngs oghgrclks pkr nks sgrvedeks lg dk`grdek, ehlustrec y trchspkrtg, qug pcrtedepch gh nc dclghc prkludtevc lgn dcmå. :

Bky gh làc, gn dcmå pgruchk sg gstã pksedekhchlk mcvkrcjng`ghtg gh gn `grdclk `uhlecn. Bcdg legz cóks kdupcjc gn pugstk 37 gh nc dkhteghlc gxpkrtclkrc, pgrk gh gn :66= sujeô bcstc gn pugstk =. Gstclks Whelks mug bestôredc`ghtg gn `cykr dk`prclkr lg dcmå pgruchk, pgrk bcdg kdbk bc selk lgspnczclk pkr Cng`chec, qug bc clquerelk gn 4: pkr deghtk lg hugstrk dcmå, `eghtrcs qug nks gstclkuhelghsgs dk`prch gn :: pkr deghtk. Nks seough Bknchlc, Jånoedc y Mrchdec. Gstks dehdk pcàsgs sg nngvch gn ?< pkr  deghtk lg hugstrk dcmå. Tus dk`prclkrgs skh `glechks y orchlgs tkstclkrgs, dclc vgz `ãs ehtgrgsclks gh hugstrk prkludtk, qug sg veghg lestehoueghlk pkr nc dcnelcl lg tczc (crk`c, dugrpk y scjkr), se`encr y bcstc `gikr qug nc lg nks dcmås dghtrkc`gredchks. Nks mcdtkrgs c`jeghtcngs (`edrkdne`cs y cntetul lg pnchtcdekhgs) y uh `gikr `chgik lg pks-dksgdbc bch selk lgtgr`ehchtgs pcrc nkorcr nc dkhmechzc lgn `grdclk. Gh hugstrk pcàs kpgrch ?7 g`prgscs gxpkrtclkrcs lg dcmå, lg ncs ducngs :2 dk`pkhgh c krochezcdekhgs lg prkludtkrgs qug kmgrtch dcmås gspgdecngs. Bcstc gn `k`ghtk :6 g`prgscs dkhdghtrch gn 56% lg ncs gxpkrtcdekhgs, lg ncs ducngs ncs 36 pre`grcs supgrch gn ?7% lgn vcnkr  gxpkrtclk, `kstrchlk uhc tghlghdec c nc dkhdghtrcdeôh gh gn hgokdek dcmgtgrk, gh se`enetul cn dk`grdek `uhlecn cdcpcrclk pkr ? orchlgs g`prgscs. Gs e`pkrtchtg rgdcndcr qug cn dkhsu`er uh prkludtk kroãhedk gstc`ks lgichlk lg ehogrer `udbks quà`edks y mgrtenezchtgs qug pkr nk oghgrcn skh usclks gh nks lemgrghtgs duntevks, nk ducn oghgrc ghmgr`glclgs c dkrtk y ncrok pnczk.

<. CNDCHDGT LGN VZKUGD\K Gstulek c hevgn lg prgmcdtejenelcl.

7. CH\GDGLGH\GT LGN VZKUGD\K WH VKDK LG BET\KZEC Gn dcmå mug ehtrkludelk pkr eh`eorchtgs mrchdgsgs gh C`åredc Dghtrcn c prehdepeks lgn seonk R]EEE, pgrk nugok nks bknchlgsgs gxtghlegrkh su duntevk bcdec C`åredc lgn Tur. Gn duntevk lg dcmå pgr`eteô uhc c`pnecdeôh lg nc mrkhtgrc coràdknc gh vcreks pcàsgs c`gredchks y mug uh mcdtkr lgtgr`ehchtg pcrc gn drgde`eghtk lg nc pkjncdeôh gh tgrrghks qug chtgs tghàch gsdcsk vcnkr. Vcrc `gleclks lgn seonk R]EEE gn dcmå yc grc prkludelk gh Dbchdbc`cyk, @kykjc`jc, Icåh, Buãhudk y Dusdk, pcrc gn dkhsu`k nkdcn y pcrc nc gxpkrtcdeôh c Cng`chec, Dbeng y Orch Jrgtcóc. Gn pre`gr dcmå lg Ne`c sg cjreô gh 3?53.  C pcrter lg 3276 Dbchdbc`cyk clquegrg uh ret`k dkhstchtg lg prkluddeôh dcmgtcngrc, duyc lemuseôh gstuvk c dcrok lg nks scdgrlktgs igsuetcs y cndchzô sus `ãs cntks hevgngs c pcrter lg 3226. Vkstgrekr`ghtg, nc dcàlc vesejng lg nks prgdeks dk`k dkhsgdughdec lg nc lgprgseôh gh nc ùnte`c lådclc lgn seonk RER, lgsghdclghô nc lgjcdng lg nc gdkhk`àc lgn pcàs qug 4

mug `ãs ãnoelc c pcrter lg 356: y rgdeåh sg rgdupgrô gh 3536. Bcdec gsc åpkdc y se`untãhgc`ghtg dkh nc `gikrc lg nks prgdeks ehtgrhcdekhcngs lgn dcmå, åstks pgr`chgdegrkh cntks y gstcjngs bcstc 35:6, ncpsk qug dkehdeleô dkh nc cntc prkluddeôh lg nks dcmgtcngs. Gh nc lådclc lg 3546 gn vcnng lg Dbchdbc`cyk sg dkhsknelc dk`k uhc zkhc dcmgtcngrc dkh ehstcncdekhgs qug pgr`etàch prkdgscr `cykrgs dchtelclgs lg orchks, ocrchtezchlk uhc dcnelcl uhemkr`g. Te`untãhgc`ghtg, dk`pcóàcs mkr`clcs pkr dcpetcngs ehongsgs rgdkpencjch y dk`grdecnezcjch nc prkluddeôh lg dcmå lgn vcnng lgn ràk Vgrghå, qug ehdnuàc Dbchdbc`cyk, \cr`c y Nc @grdgl. Nc pknàtedc grc prkluder dcmå lg cntc dcnelcl dk`k ocrchtàc pcrc csgourcr prgdeks gngvclks. Lurchtg gn pgràklk lg 3576 c 35=6 sg dkhsknelc gn duntevk lgn dcmå gh `åretk cn gsmugrzk dkhiuhtk lg g`prgscs prkludtkrcs y gxpkrtclkrcs qug cndchzcrkh rgdkhkdelk prgsteoek ehtgrhcdekhcn. Nc rgmkr`c corcrec lgdrgtclc pkr gn okjegrhk `enetcr lg 35=2 cmgdtô ghkr`g`ghtg gn lgscrrknnk lg nc coredunturc pgruchc y mug uh mcdtkr  lgtgr`ehchtg pcrc nc cpcredeôh lg pgqugóks dcmeduntkrgs qug nc cdtucnelcl dkhstetuygh gn orugsk lg nks prkludtkrgs lg dcmå gh gn pcàs.

CH\GDGLGH\GT Gn dcmå gs lg orch e`pkrtchdec pcrc nc gdkhk`àc hcdekhcn. Vkr uh nclk, gs gn prehdepcn prkludtk coràdknc lg gxpkrtcdeôh y oghgrc dcse gn 46% lg ncs levescs lgn sgdtkr corkpgducrek (@ehestgrek lg Coredunturc, :66<). Vkr ktrk nclk, lg cdugrlk dkh gn EEE Dghsk Hcdekhcn Corkpgducrek, lg 355<, gn dcmå gs mughtg lg ehorgsks pcrc 3677<7 prkludtkrgs, lg nks ducngs :7 sg lgledch cn duntevk lg dcmå gspgdecn kroãhedk dgrtemedclk, åstc dchtelcl lg prkludtkrgs bc elk cu`ghtchlk dkhselgrcjng`ghtg gh nks ùnte`ks cóks. Hk kjstchtg, gn dcmå jghgmedec gh tktcn c cprkxe`clc`ghtg =66 `en pgruchks rgpcrtelks c nk ncrok lg tklc nc dclghc lg vcnkr9 prkludtkrgs, dk`grdechtgs, cdkpeclkrgs, trchspkrtestcs, lestrejuelkrgs, tkstclkrgs, dk`grdechtgs orchlgs, `glechks y pgqugóks, cl`ehestrclkrgs, ghtelclgs mehchdegrcs, gxpkrtclkrgs, prkmgsekhcngs y tådhedks, ghtrg ktrks coghtgs gdkhô`edks. Dclc bgdtãrgc lc g`pngk pgr`chghtg, lergdtc k ehlergdtc`ghtg c ductrk pgruchks. (Dcmå lg gspgdecnelcl9 Cntgrhctevc pcrc gn sgdtkr dcmgtcngrk pgruchk, Cók 5, H¶ 3?, pão. ?<) Gn dkhsu`k `uhlecn lg dcmå gh gn cók :636 csdghleô c 347 `ennkhgs lg scdks. Te gn dkhsu`k `uhlecn drgdg :.7% chucn, gh gn :635, pklràc cndchzcr nks 3=2 `ennkhgs lg scdks, cuhqug ktrk gstulek lg nc KED nk gste`c gh 37: `ennkhgs. Nk rgcn pklràc sgr nc `glec, 3=6 `ennkhgs lg scdks lg dkhsu`k gh gn :635. Gn `cykr dkhsu`elkr lg dcmå c hevgn `uhlecn dkh uh dkhsu`k pgr dãpetc lg 33.2 ao gs Mehnchlec, sgouelk lg Hkrugoc, Lehc`crdc y Tugdec dkh 5.: ao, 2.? ao, 2.3 ao rgspgdtevc`ghtg. Gh gn dcsk lgn Vgrù gstc demrc hk nngoc c 6.7 ao.

<

Nc Dã`crc Vgruchc lg Dcmå (DVD) ehmkr`ô qug gh gn dkrtk pnczk sus cskdeclks ehvgrterãh uhks WT$ <6 `en gh nc rgcnezcdeôh lg gstuleks lg `grdclk qug pgr`etch lesgócr gstrctgoecs pcrc gngvcr gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå gh gn pcàs. Nc `gtc lg nc dc`pcóc lg nc DVD gs gngvcr gn dkhsu`k pgr  dãpetc c uh aenk chucn. Dk`k lctks dk`png`ghtcreks tghg`ks qug gn Vgrù gh gn :633 tuvk uhc supgrmedeg dksgdbclc lg 4?6 `en bgdtãrgcs, clg`ãs gn Vgrù dughtc dkh ?7 `en bgdtãrgcs lg „Dcmå kroãhedk‐ dgrtemedclcs. Nc dcnelcl gs uhc lg ncs dncvgs pcrc ehdursekhcr gh uh `grdclk tch dk`pgtetevk dk`k gn lgn dcmå1 pkr tcn `ktevk gn Dk`etå \ådhedk lg Hkr`cnezcdeôh lg Vrkludtks Corkehlustrecngs pcrc Gxpkrtcdeôh suj-dk`etå Dcmå pujnedô gh gn :66: nc Hkr`c \ådhedc H\V ETK 36657 pcrc nc lgtgr`ehcdeôh lgn dkhtghelk lg dcmgàhc pkr gn `åtklk lg nc drk`ctkorcmàc nàquelc lg cntc rgsknudeôh (BVND), cse`es`k gh gn :667 pujnedô nc Hkr`c \ådhedc H\V :65.6:2 qug gstcjngdg nks rgquesetks y nks `åtklks lg ghscyk qug lgjgh du`pner gn dcmå tkstclk, gh orchk k `knelk, cpnedcjng pcrc su dk`grdecnezcdeôh. Nugok gh gn :66= g`eteô nc Hkr`c \ådhedc H\V :65.43: nc ducn gstcjng ncs jughcs prãdtedcs gh nc dclghc lgn dcmå (prkluddeôh, jghgmedek, cdkpek, prkdgsk, trchspkrtg, cn`cdghc`eghtk y dk`grdecnezcdeôh) dkh gn kjigtevk lg `ehe`ezcr nc mkr`cdeôh lg `kbks y gvetcr nc prgsghdec lg nc K\C. Uc gh gn :66? pujnedô nc Hkr`c \ådhedc H\V ETK 4675, nc ducn gstcjngdg nks tår`ehks `ãs utenezclks gh gn dc`pk lgn dcmå y sus lgrevclks y pkr ùnte`k gh gn cók :662 g`eteô nc Hkr`c \ådhedc H\V ETK ==?6 nc ducn gstcjngdg uh `åtklk pcrc `ugstrgcr uh ghvàk lg dcmå ehstchtãhgk, gh legz uhelclgs k `ãs, pcrc su ehspgddeôh c meh lg lgtgr`ehcr se gn ghvàk du`png dkh uhc gspgdemedcdeôh dkhtrcdtucn.

7

EE.

ÃZGC LG EHMNWGHDEC

3. ÃZGC LG EHMNWGHDEC LEZGD\C G EHLEZGD\C Gn ãrgc lg ehmnughdec lergdtc (CEL) dkrrgspkhlg c cqugnnc ãrgc qug rgdejerã lergdtc`ghtg nks e`pcdtks, sgch pksetevks k hgoctevks, prkludtk lg ncs cdtevelclgs lg prkdgsc`eghtk y dk`grdecnezcdeôh lgn dcmå. Gn CEE cjcrdc nc zkhc lkhlg sg `chemegstch nks gmgdtks ehlergdtks lgn prkygdtk k cqugnnks sgdtkrgs gh qug sg vgremequgh gvghtucngs e`pcdtks rgselucngs k e`pnequgh ãrgcs pcrc uhc pksejng c`pnecdeôh lgn `grdclk lgn dcmå kroãhedk.

c. ÃZGC LG EHMNWGHDEC LEZGD\C U ÃZGC LG EHMNWGHDEC EHLEZGD\C (@GZDCLK EH\GZHK) Nks dretgreks pcrc lgne`etcr gn CEL gh gn `grdclk ehtgrhk skh nks seoueghtgs9   

@cykr dcpcdelcl clquesetevc, lclk qug gn dcmå kroãhedk cn sgr uh prkludtk `ãs gspgdecnezclk teghg uh prgdek `ãs gngvclk. @cykr dchtelcl lg nkdcngs lgledclks c nc vghtc lg dcmå. @cykr bãjetk lg dkhsu`k lg dcmå kroãhedk.

Lestretks lgn CEL9 Tch Eselrk, Tch Jkric, @ercmnkrgs, Turquennk, Jcrrchdk y Turdk. Lestretks lgn CEE9 @colcnghc, Tch @eougn, Igsùs @cràc. j. ÃZGC LG EHMNWGHDEC LEZGD\C U ÃZGC LG EHMNWGHDEC EHLEZGD\C (@GZDCLK GR\GZHK) Nks dretgreks pcrc lgne`etcr gn CEL gh gn `grdclk gxtgrhk skh nks seoueghtgs9 

Vrehdepcn e`pkrtclkr lg dcmå lg nc WG y uhks lg nks prehdepcngs e`pkrtclkrgs lgn Vgrù. =

    

Jugh dne`c pcrc bcdgr hgokdeks y rgncdekhgs jenctgrcngs dkh gn Vgrù. Dkhsu`k pgr-dãpetc lg dcmå gngvclk (7  — = ao) Cntc vcnkrcdeôh lg nc dcnelcl. Cntk pklgr clquesetevk. Gdkhk`àc lgscrrknnclc (Lghtrk lg ncs 36 gdkhk`àcs `uhlecngs).

Vcàs lgn CEL9 Cng`chec Vcàs lgn CEE9 Mrchdec

?

EEE.

CHÃNETET LGN GH\KZHK

3. MCD\KZGT GDKHÔ@EDKT Gstãh dkhledekhclks pkr nc setucdeôh lg ncs vcrecjngs `cdrkgdkhô`edcs gh qug sg ghdughtrc gh gsg `k`ghtk gn ãrgc lg ehmnughdec c dkhselgrcr. Vcrc dkhkdgr nc setucdeôh y pklgr lgtgr`ehcr dô`k puglgh cmgdtcr c hugstrk prkygdtk lgjg`ks chcnezcr ncs prehdepcngs vcrecjngs `cdrk. Ghtrg ncs vcrecjngs gdkhô`edcs c gxc`ehcr tghg`ks9 

\epk lg dc`jek.

Tgoùh ncs ghdugstcs lg gxpgdtctevcs lgn tepk lg dc`jek bgdbc pkr gn JDZV c levgrscs ehstetudekhgs pcrc gn :637, sg teghg qug pcrc ledbk cók gn tepk lg dc`jek gs lg T/. :.76 pkr WT$. 

Vrkludtk Jrutk Ehtgrhk (Vgrù)

2

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Vrkludtk Jrutk Ehtgrhk (Cng`chec)

:. MCD\KZGT TKDEKDWN\WZCNGT U LG@KOZÃMEDCT Bcdgh rgmgrghdec c ncs dcrcdtgràstedcs lg nc skdeglcl lg hugstrc ãrgc lg ehmnughdec. Ncs dugstekhgs lg`korãmedcs skh lg vetcn e`pkrtchdec, csà dk`k nc dk`prghseôh lg nks usks y dkstu`jrgs. \ghlrg`ks qug chcnezcr dkh lgtcnng ncs lemgrghtgs vcrecjngs dk`k9 

Cdtetul bcdec nc skmestedcdeôh y dcnelcl lgn prkludtk. Gn `grdclk cng`ãh gs uh `grdclk dkh uhc cntc skmestedcdeôh y clg`ãs dkh uhc cdtetul pre`krlecn dkh rgspgdtk c nc dcnelcl lg nks prkludtks qug e`pkrtch.



Cdtetul bcdec nk kroãhedk.  Cng`chec gs gn pcàs qug dughtc dkh nc trcledeôh `ãs ncroc lg coredunturc kroãhedc. Nks pre`grks hgokdeks lg nc rgmkr`c sg ehcuourcrkh bcdg `ãs lg 366 cóks dk`k pcrtg lg uh `kve`eghtk lg rgmkr`c cne`ghtcrec. Cdtucn`ghtg, Cng`chec gs uhk lg nks `grdclks kroãhedks `ãs orchlgs lgn `uhlk, cuhqug dkh tcscs lg drgde`eghtk hk `uy gngvclcs. Teghlk uhk lg nks `grdclks `ãs orchlgs,  Cng`chec gs tc`jeåh uhk lg nks `cykrgs e`pkrtclkrgs lg prkludtks kroãhedks. Vcrgdegrc qug nks prkjng`cs cne`ghtcreks teghgh uh gmgdtk pksetevk gh gn `grdclk kroãhedk cn cu`ghtcr gh nks dkhsu`elkrgs nc sghsejenelcl rgspgdtk c nc scnul.

4. MCD\KZGT VKNÀ\EDKT, OWJGZHC@GH\CNGT U IWZÀLEDKT Gstg tepk lg mcdtkrgs skh dkhsgdughdec lg nc dcpcdelcl hkr`ctevc lg nks lestehtks okjegrhks, teghgh rgpgrdusekhgs eh`glectcs skjrg ncs lgdesekhgs g`prgscrecngs y skh uhc lg ncs dcuscs lg nc lgsnkdcnezcdeôh. 5



Hkr`cs metkschetcrecs. Ncs gxpkrtcdekhgs lg dcmå c Cng`chec gstãh suigtcs c ncs hkr`cs metkschetcrecs lg nc WG, cse`es`k c uh dkhtrkn gstredtk pkr pcrtg lg nks cng`chgs, nks ducngs gxeogh gn `ãxe`k hevgn lg scnujrelcl g ehkduelcl lg nks prkludtks qug e`pkrtch.



E`pugstks. Gn e`pugstk skjrg gn dcmå gs uh e`pugstk skjrg gn dkhsu`k rgounclk c gsdcnc hcdekhcn (Cng`chec). Nks suigtks c e`pksedeôh skh gn dcmå tkstclk, lgsdcmgehclk, gn sknujng. Gn e`pugstk csdeghlg c :.35 gurks pkr aenkorc`k pcrc gn dcmå tkstclk y c <.?2 gurks pkr aenkorc`k pcrc gn dcmå sknujng.

<. MCD\KZGT C@JEGH\CNGT Gstg mcdtkr rgsuntc muhlc`ghtcn gh tklk prkygdtk, lclc nc drgdeghtg dkhdeghtezcdeôh y nc elgc onkjcnezclc lgn drgde`eghtk skstghejng y rgspkhscjng dkh gn `glek c`jeghtg. Cse`es`k cn sgr gn dcmå uh prkludtk coràdknc sg ghdughtrc cmgdtclk pkr pncocs y gn dc`jek dne`ãtedk, gh gsg sghtelk sg lgjg dkhselgrcr ncs seoueghtgs vcrecjngs9 

E`pcdtk lgn dc`jek dne`ãtedk gh gn dcmå. Gn dc`jek dne`ãtedk gstã cmgdtchlk c ncs pnchtcdekhgs lg dcmå lgjelk c qug dc`jeks jrusdks lg tg`pgrcturcs cntgrch gn drgde`eghtk hkr`cn lg nks dcmgtks, cse`es`k dkh gn dc`jek dne`ãtedk gstãh cpcrgdeghlk pncocs `ãs dkhtehuc`ghtg, nk qug gh ùnte`c ehstchdec tgr`ehc cmgdtchlk nc prkluddeôh lgn dcmå y pkhg gh pgneork nc skstghejenelcl lg nks duntevks kroãhedks.



\epks lg pncocs qug ctcdch cn dcmå (levgrscs vcreglclgs). Gh nc cdtucnelcl sg gstã ghmrghtclk nc pncoc lg „Nc Zkyc‐, nc ducn hk

sknk prkvkdô uhc les`ehudeôh lg nc prkluddeôh gh hugstrk pcàs sehk qug tc`jeåh ctcdô ncs prkluddekhgs lg pcàsgs dk`k Jrcsen, Dknk`jec y ktrks pcàsgs lg C`åredc Dghtrcn.

36

E].

GTDGHCZEKT

3. GTDGHCZEK VZKJCJNG 

Gn tepk lg dc`jek sg ehdrg`ghtg bcstc T/. 4.66 pkr WT$.



Tg pulk dkhtrkncr „Nc Zkyc‐.

 

Ehdrg`ghtk lg nc dcpcdelcl prkludtevc lg dcmå kroãhedk. Ehdrg`ghtk lg nks bãjetks lg dkhsu`er dcmå tchtk gh gn `grdclk ehtgrhk dk`k gh gn `grdclk gxtgrhk.

:. GTDGHCZEK KV\E@ET\C   

Gn tepk lg dc`jek vugnvc c sus hevgngs bestôredks lg T/. 4.76 pkr WT$ Grrcledcdeôh lg nc pncoc „Nc Zkyc‐ y ktrcs pncocs. Dkhsknelcdeôh lgn dcmå pgruchk dk`k gn `gikr dcmå c hevgn `uhlecn.

4. GTDGHCZEK VGTE@ET\C 

Gn tepk lg dc`jek sg `chtghoc gh nks hevgngs cdtucngs k les`ehuyc.



Nc pncoc lg „Nc Zkyc‐ sg vugnvc ghlå`edc y sgc e`pksejng

 

dk`jcternc. Gstchdc`eghtk lg nc dcpcdelcl prkludtevc lg dcmå kroãhedk. Les`ehudeôh lg nks bãjetks lg dkhsu`k lg dcmå.

33

].

GT\ZC\GOECT 

Gstrctgoec pcrc gn gsdghcrek prkjcjng. Ehdrg`ghtcr nc prkluddeôh lg dcmå kroãhedk lgstehclk tchtk cn `grdclk nkdcn dk`k cn gxtrchigrk, lclk qug nks bãjetks lg dkhsu`k sg ehdrg`ghtcrkh y gn tepk lg dc`jek tc`jeåh sg rgdupgrô, cse`es`k cu`ghtcr gn tepk lg prgsghtcdekhgs y jusdcr uhc gxpchseôh c ncs ãrgcs lg ehmnughdec ehlergdtc gh gn `grdclk nkdcn.



Gstrctgoec pcrc gn gsdghcrek kpte`estc. Jusdcr ehdrg`ghtcr hugstrc pcrtedepcdeôh gh gn `grdclk ehtgrhcdekhcn `glechtg nc gxpchseôh c ktrk pcàs (pksejng`ghtg Mrchdec), yc qug gn tepk lg dc`jek rgdupgrô su hevgn bestôredk, cse`es`k cu`ghtcr nc dcpcdelcl prkludtevc lg dcmå lgjelk c qug sg grrcledcrkh ncs pncocs. Nc ehtrkluddeôh gh ktrk `grdclk lgjg er cdk`pcóclk lg uh pnch lg `cragteho lg tcn `chgrc qug gn prkludtk sgc dkhkdelk y cdgptclk.



Gstrctgoec pcrc gn gsdghcrek pgse`estc. Jusdcr `grdclks cntgrhctevks dkh nc mehcnelcl lg rgluder nks dkstks lg trchspkrtg, yc qug gn tepk lg dc`jek sg `chteghg k jcic, cse`es`k cjcstgdgrsg lg ktrcs vcreglclgs lg dcmå crãjedc (Dcte`kr, Dcturrc, Jkurjôh), ncs ducngs skh cntgrhctevcs c nc vcreglcl \àpedc (vcreglcl ctcdclc pkr „Nc Zkyc‐) lgjelk c qug nc pncoc sg vknveô ghlå`edc.

3:

]E.

GT\WLEK LG @GZDCLK

3. KMGZ\C c. @GZDCLK NKDCN k

LGTDZEVDEÔH OGHÅZEDC LGN VZKLWD\K Tg trctc lg uh dcmå lg tepk kroãhedk, gs lgder, uhk gh duyk duntevk hk bch ehtgrvghelk cjkhks lg hehoùh tepk, he muhoedelcs he ehsgdtedelcs". Gstg prkludtk pcsc pkr uh duelclksk prkdgsk, lgslg nc sgngddeôh lg nc sg`ennc bcstc gn jghgmedek tchtk gh bù`glk dk`k gh sgdk, qug ktkroch cn prkludtk uh jugh scjkr, dugrpk cdelgz y crk`c.

k

\EVK LG VZGTGH\CDEÔH VZKLWD\K



Dcmå kroãhedk tkstclk y `knelk.

DCZCD\GZÀT\EDCT

     



Gspgdeg9 Crãjedc. Ghvcsg9 G`pcqug trenc`ehclk lg cntc rgsestghdec k errk`pejng. Tgnnclk9 Bgr`åtedk. Vgsk Hgtk9 :76 orc`ks, 766 orc`ks. Ktrcs prgsghtcdekhgs9 Tcquetks mentrchtgs dkhtghelks gh dcics lg 7 uhelclgs dclc uhc, dkh uh pgsk lg 36 orc`ks. @CZAG\ — TBCZG

34

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DK@VG\ELKZGT LEZGD\KT LG DCMÅ KZOÃHEDK 

VW@C DKMMGG Gs gn pre`gr y ùhedk dcmå 366% pgruchk qug dughtc dkh trgs e`pkrtchtgs dgrtemedcdekhgs c hevgn ehtgrhcdekhcn9 Dk`grdek Iustk, Kroãhedk y gspgdecn S. Gn dcmå qug gstc g`prgsc vghlg prkveghg lg ncs mehdcs lg `ãs lg hugvg `en mc`enecs dcmgtcngrcs skdecs lg nc Dghtrcn Dcmå y Dcdck lgn Vgrù, ncs ducngs sg lgscrrknnch gh nc sgnvc cntc lgn dghtrk y sur lg hugstrk pcàs. Gstg dcmå sg vghlg gh ]evchlc.



G@VZGTC EHLWT\ZECN KZK ]GZLG Vrkludtkrc lg nc `crdc Jcnchzg lg dcmå kroãhedk qug sg vghlg gh Vnczc ]gc y ]evchlc.

3<



\BG OENLGL DKMMGG Gs 366% Crãjedc kroãhedk lg cnturc y drgdg jcik sk`jrc c uhks 3?66 `gtrks skjrg gn hevgn lgn `cr gh gn vcnng lg Bucycjc`jc C`czkhcs, Vgrù. Duntevclk, dksgdbclk y sgngddekhclk pkr nks hctevks lg nc zkhc. Gs uh dcmå ncvclk y sgdclk cn skn dkh dcrcdtgràstedcs hgtcs lg uh dcmå okur`gt. Dkh dugrpk `glek/cntk pgrsestghtg, jcnchdgclk dkh sucvelcl y orch requgzc. Crk`c `uy prkhuhdeclk, mugrtg cdbkdknctclk dkh hktcs bgrjcngs y cspgdtks mrutcngs. Cdelgz `glec/cntc. \bg Oenlgl Dkmmgg gs gn rgsuntclk lg uh `chgik ehtgorcn lgn dc`pk, prkdgsk crtàstedk qug ng lc ncs dcrcdtgràstedcs gspgdecngs y su mrgsdurc `chtghelc pkr su ghvcsg trenc`ehclk dkh uhc vãnvunc uhelergddekhcn tchtk pcrc su prgsghtcdeôh gh `knelk dk`k gh orchk, tc`jeåh dughtc dkh uh sestg`c zep-nkda qug cyulc c `chtghgr su dcnelcl lgspuås lgn pre`gr usk. Gn hk`jrg lg \bg Oenlgl sg lgjg c nks `etks y ngyghlcs qug bch pcsclk lg oghgrcdeôh gh oghgrcdeôh skjrg nc duelcl pgrlelc lg nks Ehdcs nnc`clc "Gn Lkrclk".

37



DKDNC Gs uhc g`prgsc dkkpgrctevc pgruchc lg sgouhlk orclk dkhmkr`clk pkr :: dkkpgrctevcs pre`crecs, qug pkr gspcdek lg 42 cóks veghg trcjcichlk gh cpkyk cn cork pgruchk, dkh gvelghtg vkdcdeôh skdecn y lg sgrvedek. Gn ghmkqug pcrtedepctevk y lg oåhgrk lg DKDNC gstã kreghtclk c e`png`ghtcr cdtevelclgs qug oghgrgh uh `gikrc`eghtk gh nc gdkhk`àc lg sus skdeks pkheghlk gspgdecn ctghdeôh gh uh `chgik rgspkhscjng lgn `glek c`jeghtg g e`png`ghtchlk prkdgsks lg levgrsemedcdeôh prkludtevc.



IWCH ]CNLGY (Dknk`jec) Gstg dcmå 366% kroãhedk mug duntevclk y dksgdbclk `chucn`ghtg pkr mc`enecs dcmgtgrcs dknk`jechcs qug sg bch cdkoelk c prehdepeks lg coredunturc gdknôoedc, utenezchlk cn `ãxe`k nks rgdursks lg su mehdc. Tu rgspgtk pkr nc hcturcngzc sg rgmngic gh gstg dcmå gspgdecn lg hktcs senvgstrgs. Gstg dcmå sg vghlg gh _kho y @gtrk.

3=

k

VZGDEKT     

k

Dcmå pcrc pcscr Vrg`eu` Iuch ]cnlgz kroãhedk :24or prgdek T/. 3:.<6 Dcmå `knelk, \bg Oenlgl lrep pcda 7 uhelclgs9 T/.37.56 Dcmå `knelk kroãhedk, \bg Oenlgl jknsc :76 or. prgdek pkr uhelcl lg `glelc9 T/.:4.56 Dcmå pcrc pcscr, Dkdnc kroãhedk. jknsc :76 or. prgdek pkr uhelcl lg `glelc9 T/.:5.76 Jcnchzg dcmå kroãhedk jknsc lg :76 orc`ks T/. :=.55

VZK]GGLKZ 

VZKLWDDEÔH LGN LGVCZ\C@GH\K VZK]GGLKZ

Mughtg9 LOEC — @EHCO 

VZK]GGLKZGT VK\GHDECNGT Nc prkvehdec lg Zklràougz lg @ghlkzc sgrã gn prehdepcn prkvgglkr lg dcmå kroãhedk, lclc nc orch dcpcdelcl prkludtkrc qug pksgg y lclk qug su prkluddeôh gs 57% kroãhedc y 7% dkhvghdekhcn. Tg dughtc dkh `ãs lg 3766 prkludtkrgs lg dcmå kroãhedk.

3?

k

VZEHDEVCNGT DK@VG\ELKZGT HCDEKHCNGT

32

j. @GZDCLK GR\GZHK k

LGTDZEVDEÔH OGHÅZEDC LGN VZKLWD\K Tg trctc lg uh dcmå lg tepk kroãhedk, gs lgder, uhk gh duyk duntevk hk bch ehtgrvghelk cjkhks lg hehoùh tepk, he muhoedelcs he ehsgdtedelcs". Gstg prkludtk pcsc pkr uh duelclksk prkdgsk, lgslg nc sgngddeôh lg nc sg`ennc bcstc gn jghgmedek tchtk gh bù`glk dk`k gh sgdk, qug ktkroch cn prkludtk uh jugh scjkr, dugrpk cdelgz y crk`c.

k

\EVK LG VZGTGH\CDEÔH Oghgrcn`ghtg sg gxpkrtc gh dkhtghglkrgs `glechks (pgsk hgtk lg 3?,:76 Ao. qug dkhteghgh cprkxe`clc`ghtg :76 scdks lg yutg dkh =5 ao. lg dcmå vgrlg dclc uhk. Gstg dcmå pcsc c `chks lg orchlgs pnchtcdekhgs qug teghgh c su dcrok tkstclkrcs, qug sg ghdcroch lg prkdgscr gn dcmå pcrc nugok sgr ghveclks gh prgsghtcdekhgs lg9 Dcmå \kstclk gh orchks k Dcmå tkstclk `knelk ghvcsclks gh jknsc lg pcpgn, lg cnu`ehek dkh vãnvuncs k lg cnu`ehek nc`ehclcs.

k

GRVKZ\CDEKHGT LG DCMÅT GTVGDECNGT

Bestôredc`ghtg, lghtrk lg nks dcmås gspgdecngs, kjsgrvc`ks nc e`pkrtchdec lgn dcmå dkh dgrtemedcdeôh kroãhedc cjcrdchlk gn <3% lgn tktcn gh gn :665, lg eoucn mkr`c gn dcmå dkh dgrtemedcdeôh lg dk`grdek  iustk dkh gn 44% y ktrcs dgrtemedcdekhgs dk`k gn lg Zcehmkrgst Cnnechdg (37%) qug gstã dkjrchlk e`pkrtchdec `uhlecn. Gh gsg sghtelk sg rgscntc hugvc`ghtg gn nelgrczok lg Vgrù gh gstks trgs sgnnks k dgrtemedcdekhgs, cn bcjgr cndchzclk sgr9 35

   k

Vre`gr prkludtkr y gxpkrtclkr lg dcmå kroãhedk lgn `uhlk. Vre`grks prkvgglkrgs lg dcmå dk`grdek iustk c hevgn `uhlecn y lg GG.WW. Vre`grks prkvgglkrgs lg dcmå Zcehmkrgst Cnnechdg lgn `uhlk.

GRVKZ\CDEKHGT LG DCMÅ KZOÃHEDK VZK@VGZW gs uhk lg ncs pkdcs ehstetudekhgs lgn Okjegrhk c hevgn `uhlecn qug `chteghg rgoestrks lg ncs gxpkrtcdekhgs lg dcmå kroãhedk, ehmkr`cdeôh qug kjteghg gh jcsg c ncs lgdncrcdekhgs lg ncs lgsdrepdekhgs dk`grdecngs lg nks mkr`uncreks lg gxpkrtcdeôh, `ãs hk pkr  nc gxestghdec lg uh rgoestrk ehlgpghleghtg kmedecn`ghtg. Gh gsg sghtelk pcrc gn dcmå kroãhedk sg kjsgrvc se`encr tghlghdec lg nks dcmås gspgdecngs gh oghgrcn, dkh uh drgde`eghtk skstghelk, rgprgsghtchlk cn :633, gn 3:% lgn tktcn, demrc e`pkrtchtg qug csdeghlg c WT$ 325 `ennkhgs lg lôncrgs, sônk lg dcmå kroãhedk.

Nks prehdepcngs `grdclks lg lgstehk lgn dcmå kroãhedk skh GG.WW. dkh gn 4<% lgn tktcn y uh drgde`eghtk lg 362%, ng seoug Cng`chec dkh :4% lg pcrtedepcdeôh y uh ehdrg`ghtk lg =6%1 y Jånoedc dkh gn 3:% lgn tktcn y uh drgde`eghtk lgn 76%1 ng seough Tugdec, Dchclã, Zgehk Whelk y nks Vcàsgs Jciks, ghtrg nks `ãs e`pkrtchtgs. Tg kjsgrvc nc rgngvchdec lg nks pcàsgs lg nc Dk`uhelcl Gurkpgc y nc sghsejenelcl lgn `grdclk rgspgdtk c uhc pksejng dreses gdkhô`edc lg Gurkpc qug sg prgvå.

:6

k

VCÀTGT GRVKZ\CLKZGT LG DCMÅ C CNG@CHEC 

]CNKZ E@VKZ\CLK GH @ENGT LG LÔNCZGT

Mughtg9 \ZCLG @CV

Gncjkrcdeôh9 Vrkpec

:3



DCH\ELCLGT E@VKZ\CLCT GH DCH\ELCLGT

Mughtg9 \ZCLG — @CV k

Gncjkrcdeôh9 Vrkpec

VZEHDEVCNGT G@VZGTCT GRVKZ\CLKZCT LG DCMÅ KZOÃHEDK

:. LG@CHLC c. @GZDCLK NKDCN k

VGZMEN LGN DKHTW@ELKZ LG DCMÅ KZOÃHEDK 

OGHGZK Jcsclk gh ncs ghtrgvestcs rgcnezclcs sg pklràc lgder qug nks dkhsu`elkrgs lg dcmå kroãhedk gstãh gquenejrclks gh oåhgrk, tgheghlk qug c`jks oåhgrks lg`chlch gn prkludtk lg `chgrc ::

se`encr. Hk bcy uhc lemgrghdec seohemedctevc gh duchtk cn dkhsu`k lg dcmå kroãhedk lg uh oåhgrk c ktrk. Gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå kroãhedk gs `ãs uh dkhsu`k mc`enecr qug ehlevelucn. 

OZWVK LG GLCL Zgspgdtk cn orupk lg glcl qug prglk`ehc gh gn dkhsu`elkr lg dcmå kroãhedk, sg pulk dkhstctcr qug gs uh dkhsu`elkr cluntk, sg pklràc lgder `cykrgs c =6 cóks. Cuhqug tc`jeåh nks ghtrgvestclks `ghdekhcrkh qug gxestgh dkhsu`elkrgs iôvghgs gh gn rchok lg :7 c <6 cóks.



HE]GN TKDEKGDKHÔ@EDK Zgspgdtk cn hevgn skdekgdkhô`edk qug prglk`ehc gh gn dkhsu`elkr  lg dcmå kroãhedk sg teghg cn HTG C, gstk lclk ncs dcrcdtgràstedcs y orclk lg skmestedcdeôh lgn prkludtk qug bcdgh qug tghoc uh prgdek gngvclk rgspgdtk c nks prkludtks dkhvghdekhcngs, `ktevk pkr gn ducn sg bcdg ehcddgsejng pcrc nks hevgngs `ãs jciks.

k

BÃJE\KT LG DKHTW@K LGN (DKH]GHDEKHCN U KZOÃHEDK) 

DKHTW@ELKZ

LG

DCMÅ

DKHTW@K LG DCMÅ LGH\ZK U/K MWGZC LGN BKOCZ Gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå (kroãhedk y dkhvghdekhcn) sg rgcnezc `cykr`ghtg lghtrk lgn bkocr, pgrk tc`jeåh sg dkhsu`g mugrc lgn bkocr, nc jrgdbc ghtrg ledbks dkhsu`ks sg veghg cdkrtchlk gh nks ùnte`ks cóks dkh nc cpcredeôh lg dcmgtgràcs, rgstcurchts, ghtrg ktrks, gh nks ducngs sg jrehlc gn prkludtk. Gh gn ãrgc lg ehmnughdec lergdtc lgn prkygdtk sg pulk kjsgrvcr uhc orch dchtelcl lg dcmgtgràcs.



\EVK LG DCMÅ DKHTW@ELK GH GN BKOCZ Zgspgdtk cn tepk lg dcmå dkhsu`elk gh gn bkocr, sg dkhsu`g gh su `cykr pcrtg dcmå sknujng, sgouelk lgn dcmå tkstclk `knelk. Gn dkhsu`k lg ktrks tepks lg dcmå dk`k dcpudbehk, gxprgsk, gtd., gs tklcvàc rgludelk.  Cbkrc rgspgdtk cn dcmå kroãhedk y dkhvghdekhcn, gn dkhsu`k lg nks bkocrgs gs oghgrcn`ghtg lgn dcmå dkhvghdekhcn, tgheghlk uh jcik dkhsu`k lg dcmå kroãhedk (sgoùh nks ghtrgvestclks gh nks levgrsks supgr`grdclks, sg vghlg lg 3 c : pcqugtgs lg :66 o. pkr làc).



\EVK LG DCMÅ DKHTW@ELK MWGZC LGN BKOCZ Zgspgdtk cn tepk lg dcmå dkhsu`elk mugrc lgn bkocr, sg dkhsu`g gh su `cykr pcrtg dcmå sknujng, sgouelk lgn dcmå tkstclk `knelk. Cn eoucn qug gn dkhsu`k gh nks bkocrgs, gn dkhsu`k lg nks tepks dcpudbehk y gxprgsk hk gs `uy gngvclk. :4

Gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå mugrc lgn bkocr gs prehdepcn`ghtg pkr `ktevks lg skdecnezcr, lgspuås lg scner lgn trcjcik, lecnkocr dkh uh dkhkdelk, gtd. 

KDCTEÔH LG DKHTW@K GH GN BKOCZ U/K MWGZC LGN BKOCZ Zgspgdtk cn dkhsu`k lg dcmå gh gn bkocr, gstg sg rgcnezc prehdepcn`ghtg gh gn lgscyuhk, cuhqug tc`jeåh sg dkhsu`g pkr nc hkdbg. Kdurrg cnok se`encr dkh gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå mugrc lgn bkocr.



GT\CDEKHCNELCL LGN DKHTW@K Zgspgdtk c nc gstcdekhcnelcl lgn dkhsu`k lg dcmå, sg teghg qug gs gsghdecn`ghtg gh nc åpkdc lkhlg g`pegzc c bcdgr `cykr mràk (ehvegrhk), yc qug gs uh prkludtk qug jrehlc dcnkràcs y gngvc nc tg`pgrcturc lgn dugrpk. Gh ncs ktrcs gstcdekhgs lgn cók gn prkludtk gs sustetuelk pkr rgmrgsdks, ocsgkscs, iuoks, gtd.

k

BÃJE\KT LG DKHTW@K U DK@VZC  Cdtucn`ghtg, sg bc c`pneclk nc vcreglcl lg prkludtks y sgrvedeks c lespksedeôh lgn dkhsu`elkr pgruchk y åstg pcrtedepc dk`k dneghtg pktghdecn gh corgsevcs dc`pcócs lg dk`pgtghdec ghtrg hugvcs `crdcs qug prgtghlgh sctesmcdgr ncs hgdgselclgs lgn dkhsu`elkr. Tgoùh gn EHLGDKVE gxestgh `ãs lg :=6 `crdcs lg dcmå, seh g`jcrok, lg tklcs ncs `crdcs gh su orch `cykràc hk skh kroãhedks, gh gsg sghtelk gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå kroãhedk gh gn Vgrù gs jcik. Tgoùh uh gstulek rgcnezclk pkr CVKUK, nks dkhsu`elkrgs sgócnch qug gn nuocr lg dk`prc `ãs mrgdughtg lg dcmå tkstclk gs gn `grdclk lg cjcstks, nugok jklgocs y pkr ùnte`k nks supgr`grdclks. Zgspgdtk cn dcmå kroãhedk, åstg vc lereoelk prehdepcn`ghtg c nks sgdtkrgs dkh cntk pklgr clquesetevk, lclk gn gngvclk prgdek, cquà nc dk`prc sg rgcnezc prehdepcn`ghtg gh nks supgr`grdclks, cuhqug ledbc dk`prc gs jcic dk`pcrclc dkh ktrks tepks lg dcmås. Tgoùh nks ghtrgvestclks gn jcik dkhsu`k lg dcmå kroãhedk sg lgjg cn prgdek, cuh ghdkhtrãhlkhks gh gn HTG C, nk qug quegrg lgder qug nks dkhsu`elkrgs nkdcngs skh gnãstedks cn prgdek y hk c nc dcnelcl lgn prkludtk, gs lgder, hk bcy dunturc nkdcn bcdec nk kroãhedk.

k

@WGT\ZGK 

LETGÓK LG @WGT\ZGK Gn tepk lg `ugstrgk qug sg utenezcrã sgrã gn `ugstrgk cngctkrek gstrctemedclk lgjelk c qug nc gsghdec lg nc gstrctemedcdeôh gs qug åstc scdc prkvgdbk lg nc bk`koghgelcl dkhkdelc k supugstc lg nks gstrctks, lg tcn mkr`c qug sknk sg rgquegrgh `ugstrcs rgnctevc`ghtg pgqugócs pcrc gste`cr ncs dcrcdtgràstedcs lg dclc gstrctk, nks ducngs gstãh dkhmkr`clks pkr nks lestretks9 @ercmnkrgs, Tch Eselrk, Tch Jkric y Turdk. :<

Gh hugstrk chãneses sg dkhselgrc uhc pkjncdeôh `cykr lg :6 cóks, yc qug sg supkhg qug c pcrter lg gsc glcl uhc pgrskhc puglg tghgr nc dcpcdelcl lg pklgr clquerer uh prkludtk skmestedclk y lg dcnelcl dk`k gs gn dcmå kroãhedk, pkr nk qug sg ngs puglg dkhselgrcr dk`k dneghtgs pktghdecngs, lg cdugrlk dkh nc lctc gxestghtg gh gn EHGE pcrc nks lestretks lg @ercmnkrgs, Tch Eselrk, Tch Jkric y Turdk sg teghg uh pkjncdeôh lg  H   <:3<=< pgrskhcs lg :6 cóks c `ãs. Vcrc hugstrk chãneses levelerg`ks nc pkjncdeôh tktcn gh a   < sujpkjncdekhgs k gstrctks (lestretks), lg tc`cóks  H3 , H: , H4 , H < lkhlg9  He 9 Vkjncdeôh lgn lestretk e . e 9 Hù`grk lg lestretks qug dkhmkr`ch gn CEL lgn prkygdtk.

 H

Nks vcnkrgs

 H e



H3  H :  H4  H <

skh nks `kstrclks gh nc tcjnc9

LET\ZE\K @EZCMNKZGT TCH ETELZK TCH JKZIC TWZDK \K\CN

 H e

?62== 5365< :3:=7: <=27: <:3<=<

Vcrc gn dãndunk lgn tc`cók `ugstrcn utenezcrg`ks ncs seoueghtgs bgrrc`eghtcs gstclàstedcs9 h

 H  Y :  p  q  

 H  3  g

:



Y:  pq  

Lkhlg9 h H p q  Y  

g

9 \c`cók lg `ugstrc 9 \c`cók lg pkjncdeôh 9 Vrkpkrdeôh lg åxetk. 9 Vrkjcjenelcl lg mrcdcsk. 9 Hevgn lg dkhmechzc. 9 Vgr`eseôh (Grrkr `ãxe`k cl`esejng gh tår`ehks lg prkpkrdeôh).

 Cn hk dkhtcr dkh cnoùh tepk lg bestkrec cdgrdc lg gstg chãneses sg lgdeleô dkhselgrcr   p  76% , yc qug gstg vcnkr rgprgsghtc gn pgkr  gsdghcrek.

:7

:

h

<:3<=<  3.5=



6.7  6.7

 <:3<=<  3  6.67:  3.5=:  6.7  6.7



42<

Lg cdugrlk c nks rgsuntclks kjtghelks sg rgqugrerã ghdugstcr c hk `ghks lg 42< bcjetchtgs lg nks lestretks lg @ercmnkrgs, Tch Eselrk, Tch Jkric y Turdk. Vkstgrekr`ghtg hks pnchtgc`ks gn prkjng`c lg duchtks gng`ghtks lg `ugstrc sg bch lg gngoer lg dclc uhk lg nks gstrctks k lestretks. Vcrc cqugnnk tghg`ks muhlc`ghtcn`ghtg lks tådhedcs9  

Cseohcdeôh Vrkpkrdekhcn Cseohcdeôh Ôpte`c.

Gh hugstrk gstulek bcrg`ks usk lg nc cseohcdeôh prkpkrdekhcn. Duchlk nc cseohcdeôh gs prkpkrdekhcn, gn tc`cók lg nc `ugstrc lg dclc gstrctk gs prkpkrdekhcn cn tc`cók lgn gstrctk dkrrgspkhleghtg dkh rgspgdtk c nc pkjncdeôh tktcn lg nc seoueghtg `chgrc9 he



h

 H e  H 

Lkhlg9 9  H  9  H  9 he

e

\c`cók lg nc `ugstrc gh gn gstrctk (lestretk) "e ". Hù`grk lg uhelclgs `ugstrcngs gh gn gstrctk " b ". Vkjncdeôh tktcn lg tklks nks lestretks.

Dkh nk chtgrekr sg kjteghg nc seoueghtg tcjnc9

LET\ZE\K @EZCMNKZGT TCH ETELZK TCH JKZIC TWZDK \K\CN

 H e

h

he

?62== 5365< :3:=7: <=27: <:3<=<

42< 42< 42< 42<

=7 24 35< <4 42<

Gh jcsg cn duclrk seoueghtg sg teghg qug rgcnezcr ncs ghdugstcs pkr  lestretks. Lclk gn prkjng`c lg teg`pk, sg prkdgleô c rgg`pnczcr ncs ghdugstcs pkr ghtrgvestcs c nks igmgs lg ãrgcs (cjcrrktgs), c nks ghdcroclks lg sgddeôh lg nks supgr`grdclks gh nks lestretks dkrrgspkhleghtgs, tgheghlk nc seoueghtg tcjnc gh nc ducn sg `ugstrch nks levgrsks supgr`grdclks prgsghtgs gh nks lemgrghtgs lestretks, lg nks ducngs sg gneoegrkh = lg `chgrc cngctkrec9 :=

TWVGZ@GZDCLK @EZCMNKZGT VNCYC ]GC @G\ZK _KHO ]E]CHLC

3 : 4 3

TWZDK ? 6 : 6

TCH JKZIC 4 3 3 3

TCH ETELZK 3 3 3 4

Nks rgduclrks gh c`crennk ehledch nc sgngddeôh cngctkrec lg nks supgr`grdclks tgheghlk csà9 trgs gh @ercmnkrgs, uhk gh Turdk, uhk gh Tch Jkric y uhk gh Tch Eselrk. C pcrter lg nks rgsuntclks lg nc ghtrgvestc rgcnezclc gh nks rgspgdtevks nkdcngs sg prkdglgrã c ehmgrer  nc lg`chlc tktcn lg dcmå kroãhedk. k

LG@CHLC LG DCMÅ KZOÃHEDK Gn rgsuntclk lg nc ghtrgvestc sg teghg9 

@EZCMNKZGT 

VNCYC ]GC.- Gn ghtrgvestclk (igmg lgn ãrgc lg cjcrrktgs) `ghdekhô qug nc `crdc `ãs vghlelc gh duchtk cn dcmå gh oghgrcn gs DCMG\CN dkh 3:6 uhelclgs lg :66 orc`ks lecreks, sgouelk lg CN\K@CUK gh su prgsghtcdeôh lg 76 orc`ks, gstks prkludtks hk dughtch dkh nc dgrtemedcdeôh kroãhedc gh gn g`pcqug, pkr nk ducn hk gs `uy e`pkrtchtg dkhselgrcr gh hugstrk `grdclk c hk sgr pkr gn prgdek. Lgn `es`k `klk gn ghtrgvestclk hks `ghdekhô qug gxestg uhc `crdc lg dcmå kroãhedk9 JCNCHYG, gn ducn teghg uhc lg`chlc lg uhc uhelcl lecrec gh nc prgsghtcdeôh lg :66 orc`ks.



_KHO.- Nks ghtrgvestclks (igmg lgn ãrgc lg cjcrrktgs y ghdcroclk lg nc sgddeôh) `ghdekhcrkh qug gh duchtk c dcmå kroãhedk sg vghlg lg uhk c lks uhelclgs lecrecs gh nc prgsghtcdeôh lg :66 orc`ks lg nc `crdc IWCH ]CNLGY (Dknk`jec), rgspgdtk c nc `crdc DKDNC sg vghlgh lg uhc c lks uhelclgs lg :66 orc`ks y pkr ùnte`k nc `crdc \BG OENLGL DKMMGG sg vghlgh kdbk lrep pcdas lg dehdk uhelclgs (36 orc`ks) lecrecs y gh nc prgsghtcdeôh lg :66 orc`ks sg vghlgh lks uhelclgs lecrecs.



]E]CHLC.- Tgoùh gh gn ghtrgvestclk (ghdcroclk lg nc sgddeôh lg dcmås) sg teghgh lks `crdcs dkh gn nkok kroãhedk gh gn g`pcqug, uhc `crdc gs VW@C nc ducn sg vghlg lg uhk c lks g`pcqugs lg

:?

:66 orc`ks pkr làc y nc `crdc JCNCHYG nc ducn sg vghlg uh g`pcqug lg :66 orc`ks pkr làc. 

TCH ETELZK 



TCH JKZIC 



@G\ZK.- Gn ghtrgvestclk (ghdcroclk lg nc sgddeôh lg dcmås) `ghdekhô qug nc `crdcs lg dcmå kroãhedk skh9 IWCH ]CNLGY, DKDNC, CN\K@CUK, DCMG\CN, lg nks ducngs nc lg`chlc lg nks lks pre`grks prkludtks kroãhedks gs se`encr dkh uhc vghtc lecrec lg uhk c lks g`pcqugs pkr `crdc gh nc prgsghtcdeôh lg :66 orc`ks. Zgspgdtk c ncs lks `crdcs seoueghtgs gn vknu`gh lg vghtcs gh `cykr.

]E]CHLC.- Gn ghtgvestclk (ghdcroclk lg nc sgddeôh lg dcmås) `ghdekhô qug ncs `crdcs kroãhedcs lg dcmå gh gn nkdcn grch9 JCNCHYG y VW@C, lg nks ducngs sg vghlàc lecrec`ghtg gh prk`glek lg uhc c lks uhelclgs lg :66 orc`ks.

TWZDK 

VNCYC ]GC.- Nks ghtrgvestclks (igmg lg ãrgc lg cjcrrktgs y ghdcroclk lg sgddeôh) `ghdekhcrkh qug nc `crdc jcik gn nkok kroãhedk qug sg dk`grdecnezc gh gn nkdcn gs JCNCHYG, nc ducn teghg uhc lg`chlc jcic lecrec, gh prk`glek : uhelclgs lg :66 orc`ks, prehdepcn`ghtg lgjelk cn prgdek. Clg`ãs `ghdekhcrkh qug gxestgh ktrcs `crdcs lg dcmå dk`k9 DCMG\CN, CN\K@CUK, ]ENNC ZEDC, ghtrg ktrks, seghlk nks lks pre`grks nks qug teghgh uhc `cykr lg`chlc y nc ùnte`c qug rgdeåh gstã ghtrchlk gh gn `grdclk.

Dkh nk chtgrekr y jcik gn supugstk lg qug gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå kroãhedk gh nks lemgrghtgs supgr`grdclks gh nks ductrk lestretks teghg uh dk`pkrtc`eghtk se`encr qug gh nks nkdcngs qug mugrkh vesetclks, sg prkdglgrã c dcnduncr nc lg`chlc pktghdecn chucn.

TWVGZ@GZDCLK D. LECZEK (Ao) H¶ TWVGZ D. \K\CN LECZEK (Ao) D. \K\CN CHWCN (Ao) 6.: 3: :.< 2?= VNCYC ]GC 6.2 < 4.: 33=2 @G\ZK _KHO 3.:2 ? 2.5= 4:?6.< 6.< 7 : ?46 ]E]CHLC \K\CN :.=2 :2 3=.7= =6<<.< Mughtg9 Ghtrgvestcs gh nks supgr`grdclks. Tg kjsgrvc qug nc lg`chlc chucn prk`glek lg dcmå kroãhedk gh nc zkhc lg ehmnughdec lgn prkygdtk gs lg =6<<.< Ao.

:2

k

LG@CHLC VZKUGD\CLC LG DCMÅ KZOÃHEDK Gn rgprgsghtchtg lg nc Lergddeôh Oghgrcn lg Dk`pgtetevelcl Corcrec (LODC), Ikrog Meougrkc, prkygdtô qug gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå gh Ne`c dkhtehucrã drgdeghlk gh 36% chucn gh nks prôxe`ks cóks, e`punsclk pkr  gn lgscrrknnk lgn pcàs y nc ehdurseôh lg hugvcs dcmgtgràcs gh gn `grdclk. Gn drgde`eghtk lg dkhsu`k `ghdekhclk dkhtg`pnc tchtk gn dcmå kroãhedk dk`k ncs ktrcs vcreglclgs lg dcmå, gstg lctk pklràc`ks utenezcrnk pcrc prkygdtcr nc lg`chlc, jcik gn supugstk lg qug gn drgde`eghtk gh gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå kroãhedk lgtgr`ehg gh orch `glelc gn drgde`eghtk lgn 36%, gstk gh uh dkhtgxtk kpte`estc lg nc gvknudeôh lgn dkhsu`k ehtgrhk lg dcmå kroãhedk.

Cók :634 :63< :637 :63= :63? :632 Lg`chlc =6<<.< ==<2.2 ?434.? 26<7.3 22<5.= 5?4<.=

Gncjkrcdeôh9 Vrkpec Gste`chlk nc lg`chlc prkygdtclc jcik gn supugstk lg qug gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå lgpghlg lg nc tcsc lg drgde`eghtk pkjncdekhcn lg nks lestretks lgn  CEL lgn prkygdtk, lg gsc `chgrc tghg`ks nc seoueghtg tcjnc lg prkygddeôh9 CÓK/LET\ZE\K :634 :63< :637 :63= :63? :632

@EZCMNKZGT

TWZDK

TCH JKZIC

TCH ETELZK

::6<.=6

3<<7.<6

33:<.:6

3:?6.:6

::3?.24

3<2:.52

3347.<<

3:=6.6<

::43.34

37:3.7<

33<=.26

3:<5.5=

::<<.7:

37=3.36

3372.:=

3:45.5=

::7?.55

3=63.=5

33=5.27

3:46.6<

::?3.7<

3=<4.44

3323.77

3::6.:6

Mughtg9 Ghtrgvestcs gh nks supgr`grdclks. :5

\K\CN =6<<.<6 =65=.:5 =3<5.<4 =:64.2< =:75.7= =43=.=3

Nk chtgrekr gs uh chãneses lg puhtk lg gquenejrk, gs lgder, nc dchtelcl kmgrtclc eoucn c nc dchtelcl kmrgdelc, pkr nk qug hk hks gstcràc ehledchlk gn `grdclk pktghdecn. Vkr gnnk rgcnezc`ks hugvc`ghtg gn gstulek lg `grdclk, gstc vgz, sg ghtrgvestô c pgrskhcs qug dk`prcjch dcmå gh nks `es`ks nkdcngs lkhlg sg ehvgsteoô nc setucdeôh lg gquenejrek y rgsuntk qug uh :6% lg nks ghtrgvestclks dkhsu`eràch gn prkludtk se gs qug gstg jcicràc lg prgdek, dkh nk ducn gstg sg dkhvgrteràc gh hugstrk `grdclk pktghdecn, tgheghlk nc seoueghtg tcjnc9 :634

:63<

:637

:63=

:63?

:632

@grdclk pktghdecn

<:3<=<.6

<:<247.?

<:2:4<.<

<43==6.4

<47334.=

<4275<.7

Lg`chlc pkr dujrer (7%)

2<:5:.2

2<5=?.3

27=<=.5

2=44:.3

2?6::.?

2??32.5

Dkhsu`k pgr dãpetc (3.: ao)

363373.<

3635=6.=

36:??=.4

364752.7

36<<:?.4

367:=:.?

36<<:.?

367:=.4

Lg`chlc c dujrer dkh gn prkygdtk lg

36337.3 3635=.3 36:??.= 36475.2 dcmå tkstclk y `knelk Mughtg9 Ghtrgvestc c dkhsu`elkrgs gh supgr`grdclks.

j. @GZDCLK GR\ZCHIGZK k

VGZMEN LGN DKHTW@ELKZ CNG@ÃH Gn dkhsu`elkr cng`ãh `ugstrc uhc orch tghlghdec c dk`pcrcr prgdeks y c dk`prcr mrgdughtg`ghtg gh ncs "teghlcs lg lgsdughtk". Tg lgic ehmnuer  pkr ncs kmgrtcs y hk lulc gh vesetcr vcreks puhtks lg vghtc pcrc cprkvgdbcr nks prgdeks `ãs ctrcdtevks. Gstg dkhsu`elkr teghg dretgreks lg 46

sgngddeôh `uy gstredtks sgoùh gn tepk lg prkludtk qug lgsgc dk`prcr. Vcrc nks jeghgs lg dkhsu`k lurclgrks nks dretgreks skh, pkr gstg krlgh, nc sgourelcl y nc dcnelcl, gn prgsteoek, gn dkhmkrt, nc dk`klelcl y gn prgdek. Vcrc nks prkludtks lgn làc c làc, gn ùhedk dretgrek lgtgr`ehchtg gs gn prgdek. Vcrc nc dk`prc lg gquepc`eghtks prkmgsekhcngs, nc kjsgseôh pkr  nc sgourelcl dkhludg c dretgreks lg dk`prc dghtrclks gh nc dcnelcl, nc mecjenelcl, gn sgoue`eghtk lgn prkvgglkr y gn sgrvedek pkst-vghtc. Gn prgdek hk gs uhk lg nks dretgreks lgtgr`ehchtgs gh gstg tepk lg prkludtks. Vkr gn dkhtrcrek, pcrc nks `ctgrecngs `ãs pgqugóks k gn `ctgrecn ehlustrecn, gn mcdtkr prgdek gs gn qug sg e`pkhg. Nks dkhsu`elkrgs lg dcmå gh Cng`chec skh lg tklcs ncs glclgs, gn dcmå gs nc prehdepcn jgjelc gh Cng`chec. Gn dkhsu`k chucn pgr dãpetc gs = ao, y `glelk gh netrks gn dkhsu`k pgr dãpetc gs 373 netrks, k nk qug gs nk `es`k trgs c ductrk tczcs lecrecs. Gn dcmå tkstclk gs gn tepk lg dcmå `ãs dkhsu`elk gh Cng`chec, sgoùh lctks lg gstulek lg ]grjrcudbg Chcnysg. Gn ?3.2% lg nc pkjncdeôh lg nc Zgpùjnedc Mglgrcn `cykr lg 3< cóks dkhsu`g dk`k `àhe`k uhc tczc lg dcmå cn làc. C pgscr lg qug ktrcs mkr`cs lg dkhsu`k gstãh ochchlk pkpuncrelcl, tklcvàc sg ghdughtrch `uy ngiks lg lgsjchdcr cn dcmå tkstclk. Gn dcmå `ãs dkhsu`elk lgtrãs lgn dcmå tkstclk gs gn dcpuddehk, qug dkhsu`gh uhc vgz cn làc uh <% lg nc pkjncdeôh cng`chc `cykr lg 3< cóks. Gn tgrdgr pugstk nk kdupc gn dcmå gxprgssk dkh uh :% lg cng`chgs qug nk dkhsu`gh uhc vgz cn làc y pkr ùnte`k gn dcmå `kddc. Gn dcmå sknujng gs dkhsu`elk uhc vgz cn làc pkr uh 4% lg nc pkjncdeôh `cykr lg 3< cóks. Lghtrk lg gstg sgo`ghtk, gn `ãs cprgdeclk gs gn dcmå dcpuddehk qug gs dkhsu`elk pkr uh :2% lg nks dkhsu`elkrgs lg dcmå sknujng. Vkr lgtrãs sg ghdughtrc gn dcmå sknujng hkr`cn dkh uh 3=% lg nks dkhsu`elkrgs, gn dcmå gxprgssk dkh uh 5%, gn dcmå mrcppå dkh uh =%. Nc prgmgrghdec pkr dcmå seh lgsdcmgehcr k dcmå lgsdcmgehclk gs dncrc. Wh 2:.2% lg nc pkjncdeôh cng`chc `cykr lg 3< cóks bc dkhsu`elk dcmå seh lgsdcmgehcr gh ncs ùnte`cs sg`chcs, sgoùh gn gstulek „_grjgtrìogrChcnysg‐ lgn Ehstetutk Cnnghsjcdbgr. Gn dcmå lgsdcmgehclk

mug dkhsu`elk gh ncs ùnte`cs lks sg`chcs pkr uh 3?.:% lg nc pkjncdeôh `cykr lg 3< cóks. Gstg dcmå gs prgmgrelk pkr gn lkjng lg bk`jrgs qug `uigrgs. Nk chtgrekr gs uh gstulek rgcnezclk gh gn :66=. Gn dkhsu`k pkr tår`ehk `glek lg dcmå tkstclk gh Cng`chec mug lg ?,4 `ennkhgs lg scdks, mrghtg c 3,5 `ennkhgs lg scdks lg dcmå sknujng. Gn dkhsu`k lg dcmå gstuvk, pkr tchtk, lk`ehclk pkr gn usk lg dcmå tkstclk, qug rgprgsghtô gn ?5% lgn tktcn. Hk kjstchtg, gn pkrdghtcig lg dcmå sknujng gh gn dkhsu`k tktcn cu`ghtô lgn 34% gh 355? cn :7,?% gh :633 . Gn usk lg dãpsuncs lg dcmå gh gn dkhsu`k gh nc dcsc cu`ghtô c uh ret`k rãpelk (4?% cn cók) y gn pkrdghtcig lg gstg sgo`ghtk gh gn `grdclk tktcn pcsô lgn 6,?% gh :66< cn =,5% gh :633.

43

k

BÃJE\KT LG DKHTW@K LG DCMÅ Gn dkhsu`k mugrc lg nc dcsc dk`prghlg gn dcmå qug sg dkhsu`eô gh nuocrgs dk`grdecngs tcngs dk`k rgstcurchtgs, dcmås jcrgs, aeksdks lg dcmå, `ãquehcs gxpghlglkrcs y lg`ãs. Nks lctks lg Gurk`khetkr  levelgh clg`ãs gn dkhsu`k mugrc lg nc dcsc pkr dclghcs y ktrks nuocrgs. Ncs dclghcs lg dcmå sg lgmehgh dk`k puhtks lg vghtc dghtrclks prehdepcn`ghtg gh sgrver dcmå y gh nks qug gn dcmå gs gn crtàdunk prehdepcn y sg kmrgdg uhc orch vcreglcl lg lestehtks tepks lg dcmå y lg prkludtks rgncdekhclks dkh gn dcmå. Gscs jgjelcs sg vghlgh pkr sà skncs k dkh pcstgngs, tcrtcs y schlwedbgs pcrc dkhsu`k gh gn gstcjngde`eghtk k mugrc lg ån. Gsks puhtks lg vghtc gstãh gh nc cdtucnelcl cócleghlk uhc oc`c `ãs c`pnec lg crtàdunks cne`ghtedeks tcngs dk`k ghscnclcs y ktrks rgmreogreks. Kmrgdgh bcjetucn`ghtg pnctks pcrc nngvcr y teghgh uh c`jeghtg `klgrhk y lgdkrclk lg lesgóclkr. Ncs kpgrcdekhgs lg sgrvedek cne`ghtedek gh dclghc teghgh dk`k `àhe`k 36 puhtks lg vghtc lg `crdc. Nks ktrks nuocrgs sg rgmegrgh c ducnquegr ktrc nkdcnezcdeôh qug hk sgch ncs dclghcs y gh gn qug tc`jeåh sg dkhsu`c dcmå. Gh gstc sgddeôh tc`jeåh sg kmrgdg uh chãneses lgn puhtk lg dk`prc lg dcmå pcrc dkhsu`k gh nc dcsc, levelelk gh vghtc gh teghlcs, qug dk`prghlg teghlcs qug vghlgh dkh lgsdughtk, supgr`grdclks, bepgr`grdclks, teghlcs lg nc gsquehc qug vghlgh lg tklk, pgqugócs teghlcs lg dk`gstejngs ehlgpghleghtgs, teghlcs lg ocrcig y ktrcs teghlcs lg dk`gstejngs y `ehkrestcs hk lg dk`gstejngs, qug dk`prghlgh kpgrcdekhgs lg vghtc, dk`prcs lgslg nc dcsc, vghtcs pkr Ehtgrhgt y vghtcs lergdtcs. Gh prk`glek gn dkhsu`k gh nc dcsc gh Cng`chec mug lg ?,2 `ennkhgs lg scdks, nk qug rgprgsghtô gn 2<,4% lgn dkhsu`k tktcn mrghtg c 3,7 `ennkhgs lg scdks (37,?%) lg dkhsu`k mugrc lg nc dcsc. Nks pkrdghtcigs rgnctevks lgn dkhsu`k gh nc dcsc y mugrc lg nc dcsc pgr`chgdegrkh gstcjngs gh dcse tklk gn pgràklk lgn chãneses, se jegh ncs demrcs lg :636 y :633 `kstrcrkh uh neogrk cu`ghtk gh gn dkhsu`k mugrc lg nc dcsc. Gn pkrdghtcig lg `grdclk lg ncs dclghcs lg dcmå mug cuh pgqugók (6,7% lgn dkhsu`k tktcn), `eghtrcs qug ktrks nuocrgs mugrc lg nc dcsc rgprgsghtcrkh gn 37,:%. Vkr tår`ehk `glek ncs teghlcs mugrkh gn puhtk lg vghtc prglk`ehchtg lgn dkhsu`k mugrc lg nc dcsc, pgrk nc prkpkrdeôh lg dk`prcs gh dk`grdek lg crtàdunks hk dk`gstejngs cu`ghtô lgn 6,<% cn :,=% ghtrg 355? y :633

k

LG@CHLC LG DCMÅ (E@VKZ\CDEKHGT) 

E@VKZ\CDEKHGT LG DCMÅ LG CNG@CHEC CN VGZÙ

Vrkludtk

E`pkrtcdekhgs :667 :66= :66? :662 :665 :636 :633 :63:

Dcmå

<<76= ?<24< =:32: =?256 ?43:5 26372 2?<3? 55:7?

Mughtg9 \rclg @cp

Gncjkrcdeôh9 Vrkpec 4:

Mughtg9 \rclg @cp 

Gncjkrcdeôh9 Vrkpec

E@VKZ\CDEKHGT LG DCMÅ LG CNG@CHEC CN @WHLK :662

:665

: 6 36

: 6 33

: 6 3:

\ khg nc lc s

\khg nc lc s

\khg nc lc s

\kh gnc lc s

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Gxpkrtclkrgs @uhlk

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Mughtg9 \rclg @cp

Mughtg9 \rclg @cp

Gncjkrcdeôh9 Vrkpec

Gncjkrcdeôh9 Vrkpec 44

Gh gn pnch lg gxpkrtcdekhgs lgn prkygdtk sg dkhtg`pnc gxpkrtcr uh vknu`gh tre`gstrcn lg <6666 Ao, gs prkludtk sgrã e`pkrtclk pkr nc g`prgsc GLGAC, nc ducn sg ghdcrocrã lg nc trchsmkr`cdeôh y lestrejudeôh lgn prkludtk gh Cng`chec. Gn tepk lg gxpkrtcdeôh gs MKJ, gs lgder, hksktrks hks dk`prk`gtg`ks c ghtrgocr gn prkludtk dkh nc dcnelcl csgourclc gh gn pugrtk lgn Dcnnck, tgheghlk dk`k ùhedk dk`prk`esk pkhgr nc dcroc gh nc g`prgsc lg dcroc qug gn dk`prclkr bcyc `ghdekhclk. Gn dkhtrctk dkh nc g`prgsc GLGAC, hk e`pnedc qug nc g`prgsc „\bg Oknlgh Orceh‐ hk puglc vghlgr c ktrcs g`prgscs gh nks pgreklks gh

nks ducngs ledbc g`prgsc hk bcoc pglelks cledekhcngs.

4<

]EE.

GT\WLEK \ÅDHEDK

3. NKDCNEYCDEÔH Tgoùh gn gstulek lgn `grdclk rgcnezclk sg teghg nc ehmkr`cdeôh lg qug nks prkvgglkrgs prehdepcngs lg dcmå vgrlg kroãhedk qug gs hugstrc `ctgrec pre`c prehdepcn sg ghdughtrch gh gn lgpcrtc`ghtk lg C`czkhcs. Vcrc gstcjngdgr nc nkdcnezcdeôh lg hugstrc pnchtc sg rgdurrerã c nks mcdtkrgs lg nkdcnezcdeôh gh rgncdeôh c nks levgrsks nuocrgs pksejngs lg ujedcdeôh y lg ncs cntgrhctevcs dkhselgrchlk pcrc gnnk c nc prkvehdec lg Dbcdbcpkycs, nc dcpetcn lg lgpcrtc`ghtk lg C`czkhcs y gn lestretk lg Nks Knevks gh gn lgpcrtc`ghtk lg Ne`c.

c. MCD\KZGT e. Mughtgs lg cjcstgde`eghtk lg couc Gh Dbcdbcpkycs sg dughtc dkh gn cjcstgde`eghtk lg couc (cl`ehestrclk pkr TGLCVCN), gn ducn csgourc su lestrejudeôh gh tklc nc prkvehdec. Zgspgdtk cn su`ehestrk lg couc gh Nks Knevks  — Ne`c, åstg tc`jeåh sg ghdughtrc cl`ehestrclk pkr TGLCVCN, gn ducn lestrejuyg gn nàquelk gng`ghtk c tklk gn lestretk, pkr  dkhseoueghtg bcy lespkhejenelcl lgn nàquelk gng`ghtk. Dchtelcl lg couc rgqugrelc pkr nc g`prgsc9 =  — 5 `4 .

ee. Tu`ehestrk lg ghgroàc gnådtredc \chtk gh nc prkvehdec lg Dbcdbcpkycs (C`czkhcs) dk`k gh gn lestretk lg Nks Knevks (Ne`c) sg dughtc dkh gn sgrvedek gnådtredk, gh c`jks dcsks nks sgrvedeks lg ghgroàc gnådtredc sg ghdughtrch cl`ehestrclks pkr GNGD\ZK HKZ\G.

eee. Vrkxe`elcl lg `grdclk Hugstrk prkludtk sg vc c dk`grdecnezcr gh gn `grdclk nkdcn (Ne`c9 @ercmnkrgs, Tch Eselrk, Tch Jkric y Turdk) y gh gn gxtrchigrk (Cng`chec9 GLGAC). Gh gsg sghtelk se sg setùc nc pnchtc gh Dbcdbcpkycs, se sg dughtc dkh mcdenelclgs lg trchspkrtg lgn prkludtk, pgrk gn prkjng`c gs nc lestchdec bcdec gn `grdclk kjigtevk (3466 a`), rgspgdtk c nc gxpkrtcdeôh c  Cng`chec sg teghg dk`k pugrtk prehdepcn gn lg Vcetc. Te setuc`ks nc pnchtc gh Nks Knevks, sg gstcràc su`c`ghtg dgrdc cn `grdclk kjigtevk y rgspgdtk cn prkdgsk lg gxpkrtcdeôh c  Cng`chec sg tghlràc gn pugrtk lgn Dcnnck.

ev. @chk lg kjrc Gn hù`grk lg pgrskhcs pcrc kpgrcr nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh gs lg 33, nks qug lgsg`pgócrãh ncs seoueghtgs muhdekhgs9

47

         

63 ogrghtg oghgrcn. 63 igmg lg pnchtc. 63 igmg lg dkhtrkn lg dcnelcl. 63 igmg lg vghtcs. 63 rgdgpdekhestc k sgdrgtcrec. 63 ghdcroclk lgn prkdgsk prkludtevk 63 g`pcdclkr. 63 cn`cdghgrk k jklgougrk. 6: pgrskhcngs pcrc sgourelcl y veoenchdec. 63 pgrskhcn pcrc ne`pegzc.

Lgtgr`ehcr nks dkstks lg prkluddeôh gs uhc lg ncs tcrgcs `ãs e`pkrtchtgs pcrc scjgr duãn gs gn prgdek lg gxpksedeôh cn dneghtg lg hugstrk prkludtk y gh jcsg c gstcs gspgdemedcdekhgs tk`cr `glelcs gstrctåoedcs.

v. Cddgsks c vàcs lg dk`uhedcdeôh Nks cddgsks lg vàcs lg dk`uhedcdeôh sgrãh pkr vàc tgrrgstrg y pkr vàc `cràte`c. Vrkvehdec k Lestretk

Dkhledekhgs pcrc gn `grdclk nkdcn \epk Lestchdec \eg`pk @glek lg lg vàc (A`) (bkrcs) trchspkrtg

Vrkvehdec9 Dbcdbcpkycs  CT 3466 :2 \ Lgpcrtc`ghtk9 C`czkhcs Lestretk9 Nks Knevks  CT 3: — 37 3 — 3.7 \ Lgpcrtc`ghtk9 Ne`c @glek lg trchspkrtg9 \grrgstrg (\), Cårgk (CG), @cràte`k (@Z) \epk lg vàc9 CT9 Csmcntclc, CM9 Cmer`clc, \Z9 \rkdbc, JC9 Jcrdk Vrkvehdec k Lestretk

Dkhledekhgs pcrc gn `grdclk gxtrchigrk \epk lg Lestchde \eg`pk @glek lg vàc c (A`) (làcs) trchspkrtg

Vrkvehdec9 Dbcdbcpkycs  CT — JC \ — @Z Lgpcrtc`ghtk9 C`czkhcs Lestretk9 Nks Knevks  CT — JC \ — @Z Lgpcrtc`ghtk9 Ne`c @glek lg trchspkrtg9 \grrgstrg (\), Cårgk (CG), @cràte`k (@Z) \epk lg vàc9 CT9 Csmcntclc, CM9 Cmer`clc, \Z9 \rkdbc, JC9 Jcrdk

ve. \grrghk Gh nc prkvehdec lg Dbcdbcpkycs, sg tghlràc qug cnquencr uh nkdcn lg :?6 ` : , gh nc ducn sg dk`pcrterã gspcdek ghtrg nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh y ncs kmedehcs cl`ehestrctevcs. Gn dkstk lg cnquengr gs lg T/. 3766 `ghsucngs (T/. 32666 chucn), yc qug nc utenezcdeôh sgrã dkh mehgs ehlustrecngs. Gh gn lestretk lg Nks Knevks, tc`jeåh sg tghlràc qug cnquencr uh nkdcn lg :?6 ` : gspcdek gh gn ducn sg lgsg`pgócrch nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh y ncs kmedehcs cl`ehestrctevcs. 4=

Gn dkstk lg cnquengr gs lg WT$ ::66 `ghsucngs (WT$ :=<66 chucn), lclk qug gs uh nkdcn ehlustrecn.

j. DKHDNWTEÔH LG NKDCNEYCDEÔH Gh gstc pcrtg sg dkhdnuerã gh lkhlg sg nkdcnezcrã nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh lgn prkygdtk, pcrc lgtgr`ehcr gstk sg utenezcrã gn `åtklk ducnetctevk pkr puhtks. Ncs pksejngs zkhcs c gsdkogr skh9  

Dbcdbcpkycs (Ykhc 3) Nks Knevks (Ykhc :)

Nc nkdcnezcdeôh sgrã lgtgr`ehclc pkr nc prkxe`elcl lg `ctgrecs pre`cs y nc lespkhejenelcl lg nks mcdtkrgs, nks ducngs sg prgsghtch gh nc seoueghtg tcjnc9 Mcdtkrgs Vgsk @ctgrec pre`c @grdclk Couc Ghgroàc gnådtredc @chk lg kjrc ]àcs lg cddgsk \ktcn

Dbcdbcpkycs — C`czkhcs Nks Knevks — Ne`c Dcnemedcdeôh Vkhlgrcdeôh Dcnemedcdeôh Vkhlgrcdeôh

6.:6

2

3.=6

:

6.<6

6.32 6.3<

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6.4= 6.2<

5 =

3.=: 6.2<

6.3<

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DKHDNWTEÔH.- Vkr gn puhtcig cdu`unclk kjtghelk gh nc tcjnc sg puglg sgócncr qug nc pnchtc sgrã ujedclc gh gn lestretk lg Nks Knevks  — Ne`c. @CDZK NKDCNEYCDEÔH Vcàs9 Vgrù Zgoeôh k Lgpcrtc`ghtk9 Ne`c Vrkvehdec9 Ne`c   

@EDZK NKDCNEYCDEÔH Lestretk9 Nks Knevks Lergddeôh9 RRRRR  

:. \C@CÓK U NKDCNEYCDEÔH LG NC VNCH\C c. \c`cók lg nc pnchtc Gn tc`cók lg nc pnchtc pcrc nc prkluddeôh lg dcmå kroãhedk tkstclk y `knelk lgpghlg gh orch `glelc lgn `grdclk. Tg utenezc gn vcnkr lg nc 4?

lg`chlc pktghdecn qug sg lgsgc dcptcr, gs lgder, 3635=.3 Ao/chucn, gs lgder, 2<5.? Ao/`ghsucn (pcrc gn cók :63<). Gn tc`cók lg pnchtc gstã lgtgr`ehclk gh jcsg cn gstulek lg `grdclk.

j. \c`cók — tgdhknkoàc Nc tgdhknkoàc c utenezcr sgrã sg`ecutk`ãtedc yc qug cnouhks prkdgsks sgrãh nngvclks c dcjk `chucn`ghtg. Gh gn `glek lg lgscrrknnk lgn prkygdtk gxestg nc tgdhknkoàc pcrc hugstrc dcpcdelcl ehstcnclc.

d. \c`cók ôpte`k Gstg gstulek teghg gn kjigtevk lg lgtgr`ehcr gn tc`cók ôpte`k qug dkhluzdc c nks rgsuntclks mcvkrcjngs pcrc gn prkygdtk, qug rgncdekhg sestg`ãtedc`ghtg tklks nks cspgdtks lg nc ehvgrseôh dkhtrcstclks chtgrekr`ghtg. Gstc sknudeôh pklrã sgr cndchzclc `glechtg nc sgngddeôh lg vcrecs cntgrhctevcs, sgngddekhchlk cqugnnc qug jrehlg nc `ãs cntc prkjcjenelcl lg sgr nc `ãs rghtcjng lgslg gn puhtk lg vestc prevclk k nc `cykr lemgrghdec ghtrg dkstks y jghgmedeks skdecngs. Ghtrg nks mcdtkrgs c gvcnucr gh ncs cntgrhctevcs tghg`ks9         

Vgràklk lg prkluddeôh Vrkdgsk Dchtelcl lg`chlclc pkr pgràklk Vrgdek Ehorgsk tktcn Dkstks tktcngs Dkstks uhetcreks Wtenelclgs \csc lg lgsdughtk

 Cn gsdkogr gn tc`cók tc`jeåh gs e`pkrtchtg dkhselgrcr uh dkrtk pnczk qug prgsupkhg uhc gsdcnc lg prkluddeôh màsedc y uh `glechk k ncrok pnczk qug cl`etg gsdcncs lg prkluddeôh vcrecjngs.

4. EHOGHEGZÀC LGN VZKUGD\K c. VZKDGTK LG VZKLWDDEÔH  C dkhtehucdeôh sg prgsghtc nc lgsdrepdeôh lgn prkdgsk lg trchsmkr`cdeôh lg dcmå pgroc`ehk c dcmå tkstclk y `knelk.

42

e. Ãrgc lg rgdgpdeôh Gh gn ãrgc lg rgdgpdeôh gs gh lkhlg sg rgdejg gn dcmå pgroc`ehk gh scdks lg uh quehtcn, gh gstc ãrgc sg rgcnezc gn dkhtrkn lg qug gn dcmå gstg dk`pngtc`ghtg ne`pek (seh dncvks, tkrhennks, gtd.), nugok lg gstc ehspgddeôh sg trcsnclc c nc pgsc. Gstg ùnte`k pcsk sg puglg gvetcr se gs qug sg rgcnezc uh dkrrgdtk dkhtrkn lg pgsk gh gn `k`ghtk lg nc dk`prc y `glechtg nc gstchlcrezcdeôh lg nks scdks lg dcmå.

ee. Venclk k Zgtrennclk Nugok lgn pgsclk, sg trcsnclc c nc rgtrennclkrc pcrc quetcrng nc dãsdcrc y dkhvgrternk gh dcmå krk. Tg vugnvg c pgscr, oghgrcn`ghtg gh gstg prkdgsk lg dkhvgrter gn dcmå pgroc`ehk c krk pegrlg gn :6% lg su pgsk pkr nc dcsdcrennc y dkrtclurcs.

eee. \kstclk Nugok lg pgscrnk hugvc`ghtg, sg nngvc c nc tkstclkrc, gh lkhlg sg trctc qug sg quglg lestrejuelk uhemkr`g`ghtg pcrc qug sg tugstg jegh. Gh nks pre`grks 46 `ehutks sg gne`ehc gn couc rgstchtg gh gn orchk, scng uh vcpkr dkh knkr c dcmå y gn orchk teghg uh dknkr c`crennghtk. Gh nks seoueghtgs <6 `ehutks sg g`pegzc c tkstcr gn orchk lg dcmå y gn orchk g`pegzc c vknvgrsg dcmå. C pcrter lg nks 56 `ehutks gn orchk lg dcmå sg g`pegzc c ehmncr y su dknkr gs dcmå ksdurk y gn knkr gs `ãs mugrtg. Lgspuås sg veoenc pcrc hk pcscrsg lg tkstclk, oghgrcn`ghtg gn puhtk gs duchlk gn orchk hk gs `uy dncrk he `uy ksdurk. Nc gtcpc lg tkstclk gs uh prkdgsk vetcn lgn qug lgpghlgrã nc muturc dcnelcl lgn dcmå. Ncs trchsmkr`cdekhgs qug gn dcmå gxpgre`ghtc gh gstg prkdgsk lgtgr`ehcrãh gn crk`c, gn dugrpk, gn scjkr, gn orclk lg cdelgz, gtd., nks ducngs skh mcdtkrgs dncvgs cn `k`ghtk lg dctcr y gvcnucr nc dcnelcl lgn dcmå. Nks tkstclkrgs skh bkrhks qug trcjcich gh dkhtehuk k gh lesdkhtehuk. Gn `klgnk lg tkstclkr `ãs dkrreghtg dkhstc lg uh tc`jkr rktctkrek bkrezkhtcn dkh uhc dkrreghtg lg cerg dcneghtg qug trcvegsc gn tc`jkr. Gn cerg sg dcneghtc lergdtc`ghtg dkh ocs k dkh qug`clkrgs lg dk`justeôh nàquelk.

ev. Ghmreclk Lgspuås lgn tkstclk sg pcsc c nc gtcpc lg ghmrec`eghtk, gh gn ducn sg prghlgh nks vghtenclkrgs lurchtg uhc bkrc y `glec cprkxe`clc`ghtg.

v. @kneghlc

45

Duchlk yc gstã c nc tg`pgrcturc dkrrgdtc, sg pcsc cn `knehk, gh lkhlg sg `ugng y lgspuås sg scdc y pgsc gh jknscs pnãstedcs, cquà pegrlg uh 32% lg su pgsk pkr nc bu`glcl.

ve. G`pcqug Gn g`pcdclk sg bcdg lg lks mkr`cs, yc sgc cutk`ãtedc k `chucn, gh gstg dcsk vc`ks c utenezcr gn g`pcqugtclk `chucn.

vee. Ehsu`ks prehdepcngs, sgduhlcreks y cntgrhctevks Nks ehsu`ks qug sg g`pngch gh gn prkdgsk skh9 couc y gngdtredelcl. Hk bcy ehsu`ks sgduhlcreks he cntgrhctevks.

veee. Vrkludtks prehdepcngs, sujprkludtks g ehtgr`gleks Gn prkludtk prehdepcn gs gn dcmå tkstclk y `knelk. Whk lg nks sujprkludtks puglg sgr cjkhk kroãhedk qug sg oghgrc c pcrter  lg nc punpc lgn dcmå (mcsg lg prkluddeôh), gh nc mcsg lg ehlustrecnezcdeôh sg lgsprghlg nc dcsdcrennc qug cn eoucn qug nc punpc gs uh jugh dk`justejng y jugh dk`png`ghtk lg nc ngóc.

ex. Zgseluks oghgrcngs lgn prkdgsk Nks rgseluks qug sg oghgrch gh gn prkdgsk skh9 nc punpc lg dcmå (lgspunpclk), `udàncok (mgr`ghtcdeôh) y dcsdcrennc (penclk k rgtrennclk).

x. Elghtemedcdeôh lg ncs gtcpcs lgn prkdgsk lg prkluddeôh Ncs gtcpcs lgn prkdgsk lg prkluddeôh skh9       

Zgdgpdeôh Venclk k Zgtrennclk \ugstg Ghmreclk @kneghlc G`pcdclk Cn`cdghcig

Gstcs gtcpcs yc mugrkh lgsdretcs gh gn puhtk (c).

<6

j. MNWIK VZKLWD\E]K LGN VZKDGTK

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d. LGTDZEVDEÔH VGZTKHCN

LG

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EHT\CNCDEKHGT,

GSWEVKT

U

Ncs ehstcncdekhgs lg nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh teghgh le`ghsekhgs lg :?6 ` : (2.2= ` lg chdbk y 46 ` lg ncrok), y sg dk`pkhg lg uh pcrqugk cn mrghtg lgn glemedek, cn nclk lgrgdbk sg ghdughtrc gn dk`glkr pcrc nks g`pngclks y ncs jklgocs lg `ctgrec pre`c, cn nclk <:

ezquegrlk sg ghdughtrch ncs kmedehcs cl`ehestrctevcs lg nc g`prgsc (Ogrghdec, Mehchzcs, ]ghtcs y Ctghdeôh cn Dneghtg). Nugok (mrghtg cn pcrqugk) sg ghdughtrc nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh qug dkhstc lg9 uhc jklgoc lg rgpugstks, ãrgc lg `chtghe`eghtk, ãrgc lg prkluddeôh (qug dkhstc lg lks pgscs, uhc rgtrennclkrc, uhc tkstclkrc, uhc ghmreclkrc y uhc `kneghlc), nks jcóks pcrc gn pgrskhcn y nc jklgoc lg prkludtk tgr`ehclk. Gn pgrskhcn qug ncjkrcrã gh nc g`prgsc gs gn seoueghtg9 3 Ogrghtg Oghgrcn, 3 Igmg lg Vnchtc, 3 ]ghlglkr, 3 Zgdgpdekhestc, 3 Ghdcroclk lgn prkdgsk, 3 G`pcdclkr, 3 Ghdcroclk lg jklgoc y : gng`ghtks lg Tgourelcl.

l. CHÃNETET LG NC GTDCNC LG VZKLWDDEÔH Nc prkluddeôh cu`ghtcrã uh 6.26% dclc cók, dk`k sg kjsgrvc gh nc tcjnc seoueghtg9

Vrkluddeôh (Ao)

:634

:63<

:637

:63=

:63?

:632

36337.3

3635=.3

36:??.=

36475.2

36<<:.?

367:=.4

Dcpcdelcl kdeksc Nc dcpcdelcl kdeksc lg nc pnchtc gs lgn =7.66% lg su dcpcdelcl ehstcnclc, sg drgô lg gstc `chgrc pkrqug gvghtucn`ghtg sg erã ehdrg`ghtchlk gn pkrdghtcig lg pcrtedepcdeôh gh gn `grdclk. Tg ehedech ncs kpgrcdekhgs dkh uh 47% lclk qug gh gn prkdgsk lg lgscrrknnk lgn prkygdtk sg pnchgc ehdrg`ghtcr gn `grdclk kjigtevk, gs lgder, hk sknk sg ctghlgrã c nks lestretks lg nc dcpetcn sehk sg dkhtg`pnc gxpchlersg c ncs deulclgs prehdepcngs lgn pcàs.

Ehstcncdekhgs dkh dcpcdelcl lg gxpchseôh Ncs ehstcncdekhgs puglgh gxpchlersg bcdec crrejc, gs lgder, dkhstruer  uh sgouhlk hevgn, seh g`jcrok, sg dkhselgrc qug gstk hk gs hgdgscrek, pugstk qug sg ehedecrã kpgrcdekhgs ùhedc`ghtg dkh gn 47.66% lg nc dcpcdelcl lg nc pnchtc, dk`k sg `ghdekhô chtgrekr`ghtg, cùh sg teghg pcrc gxpnktcr gn =7.66%.

Tkjrgle`ghsekhc`eghtk lgn tc`cók Nc dcpcdelcl dkh nc qug nc pnchtc ehedec kpgrcdekhgs gs lgn 47.66%, gstg pkrdghtcig gs pcrc dujrer ùhedc`ghtg nc lg`chlc pktghdecn lg nc pkjncdeôh kjigtevk lgn prkygdtk, gs lgder, lg nks lestretks lg @ercmnkrgs, Tch Jkric, Tch Eselrk y Turdk. C ncrok pnczk sg pklràc dkhselgrcr c`pnecr nc kmgrtc lgn prkludtk, pkr nk qug cu`ghtcrã gn pkrdghtcig lg dcpcdelcl lg nc pnchtc.

<4

Gxpchseôh pkr dc`jeks tgdhknôoedks Nks dc`jeks tgdhknôoedks puglgh cpnedcrsg c nc `cquehcrec qug sg pksgg, se nngocrc c lcrsg gn dcsk qug scnegrc c `grdclk uhc `cquehcrec `ãs `klgrhc y gmedeghtg qug dkh ncs qug sg ehedecrã kpgrcdekhgs.

Kjrcs màsedcs Gn glemedek qug cnjgrocrã nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh sgrã uhc ocngrc lg jnkda lg :?6 ` : (2.2= `ts lg chdbk R 46 `ts lg ncrok). Gn glemedek gstã lesgóclk pcrc qug tghoc sumedeghtgs vghtchcs pcrc qug gn nuocr  sg `chtghoc seg`prg jegh vghtenclk pugstk qug nc tkstclkrc prkludg `udbk dcnkr, clg`ãs sg vc c dkhtcr dkh uhks trgs vghtenclkrgs lg pesk. Nc lestrejudeôh lg nc `cquehcrec sg dknkdcrã gh mkr`c lg W pugstk qug gn prkdgsk teghg uhc sgdughdec krlghclc lg kpgrcdekhgs, pkr nk qug sg lgtgr`ehc qug gs uhc lestrejudeôh gh W, lg uh prkdgsk gh nàhgc.

Lestrejudeôh lg nc pnchtc

Orãmedk H¶ 39 Vnchk lg lestrejudeôh lg nc pnchtc.

<<

Vnchk lg lestrejudeôh lg nc g`prgsc

Orãmedk H¶ :9 Vnchk lg lestrejudeôh lg nc pnchtc. g. @CSWEHCZEC U GSWEVK Nc `cquehcrec y gquepk hgdgscreks sg lgtcnnch c dkhtehucdeôh9 @kjenecrek y gquepk @chougrcs Lgpôsetk lg couc Tenks pcrc lgpôsetks lg orchks Jãsdunc Zgtrennclkrc \kstclkrc Ghmreclkrc @knehk Dudbcrkhgs Gquepk lg trchspkrtg ehtgrhk Dk`putclkrc Gquepk lg kmedehc (vcreks) Ktrks \K\CN

Dchtelcl 4 :

]cnkr uhetcrek (T/.) ::<.4 3626.6

]cnkr tktcn (T/.) =?:.2 :3=6.6

:

3266.6

4=66.6

4 3 3 3 3 4

?:6.6 4266.6 3:6666.6 =66.6 32666.6 <6

:3=6.6 4266.6 3:6666.6 =66.6 32666.6 3:6

<

:66.6

266

4 4

::66.6 <666.6 4=66.6

==66.6 3:666.6 4=66.6 3?<33:.2

Nc `chk lg kjrc hgdgscrec qug sg ehvknudrc gh gn prkdgsk prkludtevk sg lgtcnnc gh nc seoueghtg tcjnc9

<7

@chk lg kjrc Igmg lg pnchtc G`pcdclkr Igmg Dkhtrkn dcnelcl @knehgrk  Cn`cdghgrk jklgougrk Tgourelcl Ne`pegzc \K\CN

3 3

Tugnlk `ghsucn (T/.) 4666 3766

Tugnlk chucn (T/.) :<666 32666

3

4666

46666

3

3766

32666

3

3766

32666

: 3

3766 3666

32666 3:666 3<6<66

H¶ pugstks

lg k

Nks dkstks lg g`pcqug y trchspkrtg sg prgsghtch c dkhtehucdeôh9

Dkstks lg g`pcqug @ctgrecn lg g`pcqug Ehlevelucn Tcdks \K\CN

Ao. Lg dcmå cn `gs 2<5.? :66

Dkstk lg g`pcqug 3 :

Dkstk `ghsucn 2<5.? <66

Dkstk chucn 3635=.3 <266 3<55=.3

Dkstks lg trchspkrtg Dkhdgptk  Cnquengr lg dc`ekhgs Dbkmgr Tgourelcl lg trchspkrtg \K\CN

Whc vgz/@gs (T/.) :666 766 766

Cók (T/.) :<666 =666 =666 4=666

Nks dkstks lg nc dk`prc lgn dcmå skh9 Dkhdgptk Dk`prc dcmå

Dchtelcl (Suehtcngs/`gs) :66

Dkstk (Suehtcngs) <:?.2

\ktcn `gs (T/.) 277=6

\ktcn cók (T/.) 36:=?:6

Dkstk lgn ao lg dcmå tkstclk y `knelk9 ZWJZK @chk lg kjrc G`pcqug  Couc y nuz Dkstk lgn dcmå \rchspkrtg \K\CN

T/. <.7 3 6.76 =.: 4.7 37.?

Gn `crogh lg dk`grdecnezcdeôh dkh qug sg quegrg trcjcicr pcrc lestrejuelkrgs (teghlcs, cjcrrktgràcs y supgr`grdclks) gs gn 47% y pcrc dkhsu`elkrgs mehcngs gs gn <6%, ghtkhdgs gn prgdek gs gn seoueghtg9

<=

Dkhdgptk \ktcn dkstk pkr ao lg dcmå @crogh lg utenelcl Vrgdek lg vghtc

Lestrejuelkrgs 37.? 47% :6.:7

<. KZOCHEYCDEÔH c. Mnuikorc`c krochezcdekhcn

j. Krocheorc`c lg nc g`prgsc


Dkhsu`elkr mehcn 37.? <6% :3.52

d. Lgsdrepdeôh y pgrmen lg pugstks  C dkhtehucdeôh sg prgsghtc nc lgsdrepdeôh y pgrmen lg nks pugstks lg trcjcik lg nc g`prgsc9

ELGH\EMEDCDEÔH LGN VWGT\K \àtunk lgn pugstk9 Ogrghtg Oghgrcn Ogrghdec Oghgrcn Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Hehouhk Zgdgpdekhestc Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Tujcntgrhks9 Igmg lg Vnchtc Ghdcroclk lg ]ghtcs y Ctghdeôh cn Dneghtg LGTDZEVDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Ogrghtg Oghgrcn gs uh pugstk lg dcrãdtgr cl`ehestrctevk qug sg ghdcroc pkr vgncr qug tklcs ncs cdtevelclgs cl`ehestrctevcs, mehchdegrcs y lg prkluddeôh lg nc g`prgsc sg du`pnch c dcjcnelcl dkh nks kjigtevks trczclks. Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  Vnchemedcr, krochezcr, lereoer y dkhtrkncr tklcs ncs cdtevelclgs qug sg nngvch c dcjk gh nc g`prgsc pcrc gn ôpte`k muhdekhc`eghtk lg nc `es`c. Zgsoucrlcr nks mkhlks, jeghgs màsedks y `ctgrecngs y prkpeglclgs lg nc g`prgsc. Gncjkrcr pnchgs `ghsucngs y chucngs lg nc g`prgsc. Gvcnucdeôh y dkhtrkn lg ncs cdtevelclgs rgcnezclcs gh nc g`prgsc. Gncjkrcdeôh lg prgsupugstk lg nc g`prgsc. Nngvcr dkhtrkn lg ehorgsks y gorgsks lg nc g`prgsc.  Cutkrezcr pcok lg sugnlks lg pgrskhcn, prkvgglkrgs. Gncjkrcr gstclks mehchdegrks. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh Vksggr tàtunk lg Cl`ehestrclkr lg G`prgscs, ehoghegrk ehlustrecn k cmàh. Gxpgreghdec Dehdk cóks gh pugstk se`encr  Bcjenelclgs y lgstrgzcs Jughcs rgncdekhgs ehtgrpgrskhcngs Gmgdtevc tk`c lg lgdesekhgs \rcjcik gh gquepk Tcncrek T/. 2666 `ghsucn. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik Lg Nuhgs c ]egrhgs lg 2966 c` c 7966 p`

<2

ELGH\EMEDCDE H LGN VWGT\K \àtunk lgn pugstk9 Igmg lg Dkhtrkn lg dcnelcl Vrkluddeôh Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Ogrghtg Oghgrcn Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Ghdcroclk lg dkhtrkncr nc dcnelcl lgn Tujcntgrhks9 prkludtk LGTDZEVDE H LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Nks ghdcroclks lgn dkhtrkn lg dcnelcl skh nks qug vch c gvcnucr nc dcnelcl lgn prkludtk tgr`ehclk y lg gstk lgpghlg se sg rgdbczc k hk uh nktg, nugok lg gstk sg prkdglg c ncs vghtcs. Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  Zgcnezcr uh pnch lg dkhtrkn lg dcnelcl. Gncjkrcdeôh lg ehmkr`gs lg dcnelcl. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh Ehoghegrk quà`edk k ehoghegrk ehlustrecn. Gxpgreghdec Lks cóks gh pugstk se`encr. Bcjenelclgs y lgstrgzcs Jughcs rgncdekhgs ehtgrpgrskhcngs Gmgdtevc tk`c lg lgdesekhgs \rcjcik gh gquepk Tcncrek T/. 4666 `ghsucngs. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik Lg nuhgs c vegrhgs lg 2966 c` c 7966 p` ELGH\EMEDCDEÔH LGN VWGT\K \àtunk lgn pugstk9 Igmg lg Vnchtc Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Vrkluddeôh Ogrghtg Oghgrcn Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Tujcntgrhks9 Ghdcroclk lg prkdgsk prkludtevk G`pcdclkr  Jklgougrk Tgourelcl Ne`pegzc LGTDZEVDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Igmg lg prkluddeôh gs uh pugstk lg dcrãdtgr tådhedk qug sg ghdcroc pkr vgncr qug gn prkdgsk prkludtevk sg nngvg c dcjk gh ôpte`cs dkhledekhgs. Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  Zgcnezcr gn pnch lg prkluddeôh `ghsucn. Gncjkrcdeôh lg ehmkr`gs lg prkluddeôh. Vrkorc`cdeôh lg `chtghe`eghtk lg `cquehcrec. <5

Kpte`ezcdeôh lgn prkdgsk prkludtevk. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh Ehoghegrk ehlustrecn k dcrrgrc cmàh. Gxpgreghdec Lks cóks gh pugstk se`encr. Bcjenelclgs y lgstrgzcs Jughcs rgncdekhgs ehtgrpgrskhcngs Gmgdtevc tk`c lg lgdesekhgs \rcjcik gh gquepk Tcncrek T/. 4666 `ghsucngs. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik Lg nuhgs c vegrhgs lg 2966 c` c 7966 p`

ELGH\EMEDCDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Igmg lg ]ghtcs \àtunk lgn pugstk9 Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Ogrghdec Ogrghtg Oghgrcn Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Tujcntgrhks9 Hehouhk LGTDZEVDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Gs uh pugstk lg dcrãdtgr cl`ehestrctevk qug sg ghdcroc pkr nc dk`grdecnezcdeôh lg nc prkluddeôh. Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  Vnchemedcr, lereoer y dkhtrkncr gn pnch lg vghtcs y dk`grdecnezcdeôh lgn prkludtk tgr`ehclk. Drgcdeôh y `chtghe`eghtk lg uhc jcsg lg lctks lg dneghtgs. Zgcnezcr ncs vghtcs y dkjrks dkrrgspkhleghtgs. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh @grdclktgdhec y gstuleks uhevgrsetcreks gh `grdclgk. Gxpgreghdec : cóks gh pugstk se`encr  Bcjenelclgs y lgstrgzcs Jughcs rgncdekhgs ehtgrpgrskhcngs \rcjcik gh gquepk Tcncrek T/. 4666 `ghsucngs. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik <6 bkrcs c nc sg`chc lestrejuelcs dk`k `gikr dkhvghoc pcrc nc rgcnezcdeôh lg ncs vghtcs.

76

ELGH\EMEDCDE H LGN VWGT\K \àtunk lgn pugstk9 Zgdgpdekhestc Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Ogrghdec Oghgrcn Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Ogrghtg Oghgrcn Tujcntgrhks9 Hehouhk LGTDZEVDE H LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Gs uh pugstk lg dcrãdtgr cl`ehestrctevk lg cpkyk c nc ogrghdec. Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  Zgcnezcdeôh lg `g`krãhlu`s, ehmkr`gs y hktcs lg Ogrghtg Oghgrcn. Nngvcr dkhtrkn lg rgdgpdeôh y scnelc lg dkrrgspkhlghdec.  Ctghlgr tgnåmkhk, mcx y pugrtc lg ghtrclc. Nngvcr dkhtrkn lg ùtengs lg kmedehc. Oucrlcr y dustklecr lkdu`ghtks lg nc g`prgsc. Gncjkrcdeôh lg dbgqugs pcrc pcok lg pgrskhcn, prkvgglkrgs y ktrks ocstks. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh Tgdrgtcreclk gigdutevk k dk`grdecn. Gxpgreghdec : cóks gh pugstk se`encr. Bcjenelclgs y lgstrgzcs Jughcs rgncdekhgs ehtgrpgrskhcngs \rcjcik gh gquepk Tcncrek T/. 3766 `ghsucngs. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik Nuhgs c ]egrhgs lg 2966 c` c 7966 p` ELGH\EMEDCDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Ghdcroclk lg prkdgsk prkludtevk \àtunk lgn pugstk9 Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Vrkluddeôh Igmg lg Vnchtc Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Tujcntgrhks9 Hehouhk LGTDZEVDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Gs uh pugstk lg dcrãdtgr prkludtevk qug sg ghdcroc pkrqug gn prkdgsk prkludtevk sg nngvg c dcjk gh ôpte`cs dkhledekhgs lg dcnelcl y teg`pk. Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  Zgdgpdeôh y rgveseôh lg nks scdks lg dcmå. Vgscr gn dcmå Vkhgr c muhdekhcr nc tklc nc `cquehcrec ehvknudrclc gh gn prkdgsk y 73

vgncr pkrqug ån `es`k sg nngvg c dcjk gh dkhledekhgs lg dcnelcl y gh teg`pk ôpte`k. Nngvcr uh dkhtrkn skjrg tklk gn prkdgsk bcstc lgicrnk gh nc sgddeôh lg g`pcqug. Ne`pegzc lgn ãrgc lg trcjcik. Zgpkrtg lg lgspgrmgdtks gh `cquehcrec. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh \ådhedk ehlustrecn. Gxpgreghdec Wh cók gh pugstk se`encr. Tcncrek T/. 3766 `ghsucngs. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik Nuhgs c ]egrhgs lg 5966 c` c 4966 p`

ELGH\EMEDCDEÔH LGN VWGT\K \àtunk lgn pugstk9 G`pcdclkr  Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Vrkluddeôh Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Igmg lg Vnchtc Tujcntgrhks9 Hehouhk LGTDZEVDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Gs uh pugstk lg dcrãdtgr prkludtevk qug sg ghdcroc lgn g`pcqug lgn prkludtk mehcn. Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  G`pcqug lg prkludtk mehcn.  Cn`cdghc`eghtk lg prkludtk mehcn g`pcdclk. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh Tgduhlcrec dk`pngtc. Gxpgreghdec Lks cóks gh pugstk se`encr. Tcncrek T/. 3:66 `ghsucngs. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik Nuhgs c ]egrhgs lg 5966 c` c 4966 p` ELGH\EMEDCDEÔH LGN VWGT\K \àtunk lgn pugstk9 Jklgougrk Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Vrkluddeôh Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Igmg lg Vnchtc Hehouhk Tujcntgrhks9 LGTDZEVDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Gs uh pugstk lg dcrãdtgr cl`ehestrctevk qug sg ghdcroc pkr nc 7:

cl`ehestrcdeôh lg nc jklgoc lg `ctgrec pre`c y prkludtk tgr`ehclk.

Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  Nngvcr dkhtrkn skjrg nks rgpugstks y gn tcnngr. @chtghe`eghtk lg nc pnchtc Nngvcr ehvghtcrek lg tklk nk qug sg teghg lg `ctgrec pre`c y lg duchtk sg gstã prkludeghlk. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh Tgduhlcrec dk`pngtc. Gxpgreghdec Lks cóks gh pugstk se`encr. Tcncrek T/. 3:66 `ghsucngs. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik ELGH\EMEDCDEÔH LGN VWGT\K \àtunk lgn pugstk9 Tgourelcl Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Vrkluddeôh Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Igmg lg Vnchtc Tujcntgrhks9 Hehouhk LGTDZEVDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Gs uh pugstk qug sg ghdcroc pkr nc sgourelcl lg ncs ehstcncdekhgs màsedcs lg nc g`prgsc y lg lu pgrskhcn. Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  ]gncr pkr nc sgourelcl lg ncs ehstcncdekhgs lg nc g`prgsc. Nngvcr dkhtrkn lg ehorgsks y gorgsks lg pgrskhcs, `ctgrecs pre`cs, prkludtk tgr`ehclk y rgpugstks. ]gremedcr nks cddgsks c ncs ãrgcs lg nc g`prgsc. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh Tgduhlcrec dk`pngtc. Gxpgreghdec Nedghdeclk lgn giårdetk k pgrskhcn deven dkh 3 cók lg gxpgreghdec. Tcncrek T/. 3:66 `ghsucngs. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik Nuhgs c Lk`ehok lg =966 c` c =966 p` Nuhgs c Lk`ehok lg =966 p` c =966 c` ELGH\EMEDCDEÔH LGN VWGT\K Ne`pegzc \àtunk lgn pugstk9 Wjedcdeôh cl`ehestrctevc9 Vrkluddeôh Igmg lg Vnchtc Eh`glectk supgrekr9 Tujcntgrhks9 Hehouhk 74

LGTDZEVDE H LGN VWGT\K Hcturcngzc lgn pugstk Gs uh pugstk qug sg ghdcroc pkr `chtghgr gh ôpte`cs dkhledekhgs lg ne`pegzc ncs ehstcncdekhgs lg nc g`prgsc. Cdtevelclgs c rgcnezcr  Ne`pegzc lgn ãrgc lg kmedehcs cl`ehestrctevcs lg nc g`prgsc. Ne`pegzc y `chtghe`eghtk lgn ãrgc lg prkluddeôh lg nc g`prgsc. GTVGDEMEDCDEKHGT LGN VWGT\K Gludcdeôh \grdgrk jãsedk. Gxpgreghdec Hk ehlespghscjng Tcncrek T/. 3666 `ghsucngs. Bkrcrek lg trcjcik Nuhgs c ]egrhgs lg 2966 c 7966 p`. Gh nc seoueghtg tcjnc sg `ugstrch nks scncreks gste`clks lg nc g`prgsc9

3 3 3 3 3 3

Tugnlk `ghsucn (T/.) 2666 4666 4666 4666 3766 3766

3 3 : 3

3766 3:66 3:66 3666

H¶ pugstk

Vgrskhcn Ogrghtg Oghgrcn Igmg lg pnchtc Igmg Dkhtrkn lg dcnelcl Igmg lg vghtcs Zgdgpdekhestc y sgdrgtcrec Ghdcroclk lgn prkdgsk prkludtevk G`pcdclkr  Cn`cdghgrk y jklgougrk Tgourelcl Ne`pegzc \K\CN

Tugnlk chucn (T/.) 5=666 4=666 4=666 4=666 32666 32666 32666 3<<66 :2266 3:666 434:66

7. CTVGD\KT NGOCNGT Lgtgr`ehcdeôh lgn dcrãdtgr lg nc G`prgsc Zgquesetks pcrc nc dkhstetudeôh lg uhc G@VZGTC EHLE]ELWCN LG ZGTVKHTCJENELCL NE@E\CLC9

@KLGNK LG @EHW\C LG DKHT\E\WDEÔH LG EHLE]ELWCN LG ZGTVKHTCJENELCL NE@E\CLC G.E.Z.N

7<

G@VZGTC

Tgókr Hktcrek Vùjnedk lg gstc Dcpetcn lkdtkr....................................... Tàrvcsg Wstgl gxtghlgr, gh su Zgoestrk lg Gsdreturcs Vùjnedcs uhc lg Dkhstetudeôh lg Vgqugóc G`prgsc Ehlevelucn lg Zgspkhscjenelcl Ne`etclc, qug ktkroc gn sgókr9 ……………………, elghtemedclk dkh LHE H¹ ………………., lk`edeneclk gh ………………, gh nks tår`ehks seoueghtgs9

Vre`grc.- Ncs ktkrochtgs sg dk`prk`gtgh c dkhstetuer uhc G`prgsc Ehlevelucn lg Zgspkhscjenelcl Ne`etclc cn c`pcrk lgn Lgdrgtk ngy H¹ :3=:3, sus `klemedctkrecs y dk`png`ghtcrecs, pcrc lgledcrsg cn dk`grdek, nc qug sg lghk`ehcrã " \bg Oknlgh Orceh" Tgouhlc.- Ehtgrveghgh gh gn ktkroc`eghtk lg gstg ehstru`ghtk gn sgókr9 …………………………, pcrc prgstcr su gxprgsc dkhmkr`elcl gh vertul lg

nk gstcjngdelk gh gn Crtàdunk 3?4¹ lgn dôleok Vrkdgscn Deven.

\grdgrc.- Nc G`prgsc "\bg Oknlgh Orceh ", sg rgoerã pkr nk seoueghtg9 GT\C\W\K DCVE\WNK VZE@GZK LG\GZ@EHCDEÔH, KJIG\K, LWZCDEÔH U LK@EDENEK LG NC G@VZGTC Crtàdunk Vre`grk.- Nc lghk`ehcdeôh lg nc G`prgsc qug pkr gstc gsdreturc sg dkhstetuyg gs „\bg Oknlgh Orceh‐ duyc \etuncr gs gn sgókr9 …………

Crtàdunk Tgouhlk.- Gn kjigtk lg nc G`prgsc gs gn prkdgsc`eghtk lg dcmå kroãhedk. Crtàdunk \grdgrk.- Nc G`prgsc tghlrã uhc lurcdeôh ehlgtgr`ehclc, dkh ncs ne`etcdekhgs qug sgócnc nc Ngy g ehedecrã uhc lurcdeôh ehlgtgr`ehclc, dkh ncs ne`etcdekhgs qug sgócnc nc Ngy g ehedecrã sus cdtevelclgs cn ehsdrejersg gh gn Zgoestrk @grdchten gstc Gsdreturc, nks cdtks y dkhtrctks dgngjrclks gh su hk`jrg chtgs lg qug cqugnnc sg ehsdrejc gh nks Zgoestrk Vùjnedks sgrã rgdkhkdelks dk`k vãnelks y rctemedclks cn clquerer  nc G`prgsc su pgrskhcnelcl iuràledc pnghc. Crtàdunk Ducrtk.- Gn lk`edenek lg nc G`prgsc sg meic gh nc deulcl lg Nks Knevks, puleghlk gstcjngdgr sudurscngs gh ducnquegr nuocr lgn pcàs. DCVE\WNK TGOWHLK LGN DCVE\CN LG NC G@VZGTC, LG NKT GMGD\KT LGN CVKZ\G U LG NC ZGTVKHTCJENELCL LGN \E\WNCZ Crtàdunk Suehtk.- Gn dcpetcn lg nc G`prgsc gs lg T/. ............(..........66/366 hugvks skngs) tktcn`ghtg pcoclk y cpkrtclk pkr gn tetuncr gh gmgdtevk. Crtàdunk Tgxtk.- Ledbc su`c lg lehgrk, quglc gh dkhsgdughdec, trchsmgrelc c mcvkr lg nc G`prgsc gh mkr`c lgmehetevc, dk`k dcpetcn lg nc `es`c, lgslg nc mgdbc lg ktkroc`eghtk lg gstg ehstru`ghtk nc G`prgsc 77

rgdkhkdg c mcvkr lgn sgókr9 ……………….., gn lgrgdbk skjrg gsg lehgrk

y nks jghgmedeks hgtks qug sg kjtghlrãh gh nks gigrdedeks sudgsevks. Crtàdunk Tåte`k.- Nc rgspkhscjenelcl lgn \etuncr quglc ne`etclc gxdnusevc`ghtg cn dcpetcn cpkrtclk c nc G`prgsc. Gn tetuncr rgspkhlgrã pgrskhcn`ghtg chtg nks cdrgglkrgs lg nc G`prgsc dkh sus lg`ãs jehgs, prkpeks k dk`uhgs, sehk gh nks dcsks qug lgtgr`ehch nc Ngy.

DCVE\WNK \GZDGZK LG NKT ÔZOCHKT LG NC G@VZGTC Crtàdunk Kdtcvk.- Tkh ôrochks lg nc G`prgsc9 c) Gn \etuncr1 j) Nc Ogrghdec Crtàdunk hkvghk.- Gn tetuncr gs gn ôrochk `ãxe`k lg nc G`prgsc y teghg c su dcrok nc lgdeseôh skjrg nks jehgs y cdtevelclgs lg åstc. Dkrrgspkhlg cn tetuncr9  Cprkjcr k lgscprkjcr ncs dughtcs y gn jcnchdg oghgrcn lg dclc gigrdedek1 Lespkhgr nc cpnedcdeôh lg nks jghgmedeks hgtks nugok lg gmgdtucr nc dkjgrturc lg nc pcrtedepcdeôh lg nks trcjciclkrgs y lg ncs rgsgrvcs y prkvesekhgs ngocngs1 Lgseohcr y sustetuer Ogrghtg Cpklgrclks, csà dk`k nks nequelclkrgs, ktkroãhlkngs nks pklgrgs rgqugrelks pcrc gn du`pne`eghtk lg sus muhdekhgs1 @klemedcr nc Gsdreturc lg Dkhstetudeôh lg nc G`prgsc, cu`ghtcr gn dcpàtunk rgludernk, trchspkrtcr, muhdekhcr, lesknvgr y nequelcr nc G`prgsc1 Lgdeler skjrg nks lg`ãs csuhtks qug rgquegrc gn ehtgrås lg nc G`prgsc k qug nc Ngy sgócng. Crtàdunk Låde`k.- Gn tetuncr rgspkhlgrã pgrskhcn`ghtg chtg tgrdgrks gh mkr`c ne`etclc9 Duchlk hk sg lgseohg cn rgprgsghtchtg ngocn lg nc G`prgsc1 Te bujegrc gmgdtuclk rgterks lgn pctre`khek lg nc G`prgsc k hk dkrrgspkhlch c jghgmedeks lgjelc`ghtg dk`prkjclks, Te prkludelc uh pårlelc lgn dehdughtc pkr deghtk k `ãs lgn dcpetcn y trchsdurrelk uh gigrdedek gdkhô`edk pgrsestegrc tcn setucdeôh seh bcjgrsg dk`pghsclk gn lgs`glrk, y hk sg bujegrc lespugstk nc rgluddeôh lgn dcpetcn k nc lesknudeôh lg nc G`prgsc. Crtàdunk Whlåde`k.- Nc Ogrghdec gs gn ôrochk cl`ehestrctevk lg nc G`prgsc y teghg nc rgprgsghtcdeôh ngocn lg nc `es`c. Ogrghdec sgrã lgsg`pgóclc pkr uhc pgrskhc hcturcn k pkr vcrecs dkh dcpcdelcl pcrc dkhtrctcr, ncs qug sg sgócncrch pkr gn \etuncr, quegh ngs dkhmgrerã nks `chlctks, oghgrcngs k gspgdecngs, qug gste`crå dkhvgheghtgs. Crtàdunk Luklåde`k.- Gn dcrok lg Ogrghtg gs pgrskhcn g ehlgngocjng y lg lurcdeôh ehlgtgr`ehclc, gn hk`jrc`eghtk puglg sgr rgvkdclk gh ducnquegr `k`ghtk pkr ån. Gn dcrok dkhdnuyg, clg`ãs pkr rghuhdec, pkr `ugrtg, pkr ghmgr`glcl qug nk e`pksejenetg pcrc gigrdgrnk y pkr ehdcpcdelcl deven lgn Ogrghtg. Crtedunk Lgde`ks \grdgrk.- Dkrrgspkhlg cn Ogrghtg9

7=

Krochezcr gn råoe`gh ehtgrhk lg nc G`prgsc dkhtrctchlk cn pgrskhcn hgdgscrek, meiãhlksg sus rg`uhgrcdekhgs y lcr pkr tgr`ehclk sus sgrvedeks1 Zgcnezcr nks cdtks y dgngjrcr nks dkhtrctks qug mugrch hgdgscreks pcrc gn du`pne`eghtk lg nks mehgs lg nc G`prgsc1 Zgprgsghtcr c nc G`prgsc, iuledecn`ghtg y gxtrciuledecn`ghtg1 ]gncr pkr nc gxestghdec, rgouncrelcl y vgrcdelcl lg nks nejrks y rgoestrks dkhtcjngs, mkr`unchlk gh su kpkrtuhelcl ncs dughtcs y gn jcnchdg oghgrcn. g) Lcr dughtc cn \etuncr, pgreôledc`ghtg lg nc `crdbc lg nc G`prgsc. Gigrdgr ncs lg`ãs ctrejudekhgs qug ng sgócngh nc Ngy k ng dkhmegrg gn \etuncr. Crtedunk Låde`k Ducrtk.- Gn Ogrghtg rgspkhlgrã pgrskhcn`ghtg chtg gn \etuncr y chtg tgrdgrks pkr nks lcóks y pgriuedeks qug kdcsekhg pkr gn ehdu`pne`eghtk lg sus lgjgrgs1 seghlk pcrteduncr`ghtg rgspkhscjng pkr  nc dkhsgrvcdeôh lg nks jeghgs lg nc G`prgsc dkhseohclks gh nks ehvghtcreks, csà dk`k nks mkhlks lg nc `es`c y gh oghgrcn, lgn pctre`khek lg nc G`prgsc, csà dk`k pkr gig`pnk ehlgjelk lg nks rgdursks lg nc G`prgsc gh hgokdeks lestehtks c su kjigtk. Gn \etuncr sgrã sknelcrec`ghtg rgspkhscjng pkr gn ogrghtg pkr nks cdtks ehmrcdtkrgs lg nc Ngy qug prcdtequg gstg y qug dkhstch lg Cdtc, se hk nk e`puohc iuledecn`ghtg. Lghtrk lg nks quehdg làcs lg csghtclc gn Cdtc, scnvk qug cdrgletg hk bcjgr pklelk dkhkdgrnks gh su kpkrtuhelcl. Ncs cddekhgs lg rgspkhscjenelcl dkhtrc gn Ogrghtg prgsdrejgh c nks lks cóks c pcrter lg nc dk`eseôh lgn cdtk qug ngs lek nuocr. Crtedunk Låde`k Suehtk.- Ncs lgdesekhgs lgn tetuncr rgmgrghtgs c nks csuhtks qug sg ehledclc gh gn crtàdunk 5¹ y 34¹ lg gstks Gstctutks y c ncs lg`ãs qug sgc hgdgscrek lgicr dkhstchdec, sg csghtcrãh gh uh nejrk lg  Cdtcs ngocnezclk dkhmkr`g c Ngy. Gh dclc cdtk sg chktcrã gn nuocr, nc mgdbc y bkrc gh qug cseghtc gn Cdtc teghg mugrzc ngocn lgslg gn `k`ghtk lg susdrepdeôh. Crtedunk Lgde`ks Tgxtk.- Gn hk`jrc`eghtk y rg`kdeôh lgn Ogrghtg y lg`ãs cpklgrclks sg bcrã pkr gn \etuncr pkr Cdtc gh nc qug dkhstcrãh ncs mcduntclgs qug sg ng dkhmegrgh. Dkpec ngocnezclc hktcrecn`ghtg lg ledbc Cdtc sgrverã pcrc ån tàtunk pcrc su ehsdrepdeôh gh gn rgoestrk @grdchten dkhmkr`g cn Crtàdunk <=¹ lg Lgdrgtk Ngy H¹ :3=:3.

DCVE\WNK DWCZ\K LG NC @KLEMEDCDEÔH LG NC GTDZE\WZC LG DKHT\E\WDEÔH U LGN CW@GH\K U ZGLWDDEÔH LGN DCVE\CN Crtedunk Låde`k Tåpte`k.- Gh ducnquegr teg`pk puglg gn \etuncr  `klemedcr nks tår`ehks lg nc gsdreturc lg dkhstetudeôh lg nc G`prgsc cu`ghtcr k rgluder gn dcpetcn, seoueghlk gh dclc dcsk nks prkdgle`eghtks gstcjngdelks pkr Lgdrgtk Ngy H¹:3=:3 DCVE\WNK SWEH\K LGN JCNCHDG U LET\ZEJWDEÔH LG NKT JGHGMEDEKT 7?

Crtedunk Låde`k Kdtcvk.- Lghtrk lgn pnczk `ãxe`k lg 26 làcs dkhtclks c pcrter lg nc mgdbc lg degrrg lgn gigrdedek gdkhô`edk chucn, gn ogrghtg lgjgrã prgsghtcr cn \etuncr cn Jcnchdg Oghgrcn y ncs dughtcs, hk e`pkrtc nc nejgrcdeôh y gn lgsdcrok lgn Ogrghtg pkr nc rgspkhscjenelcl qug pulegrc dkrrgspkhlgrng. Crtedunk Låde`k Hkvghk.- Lgtgr`ehc`ks nks jghgmedeks hgtks sg prkdglgrã cn dãndunk lg nc Zgpcrtedeôh lg Wtenelclgs dkhmkr`g c Ngy Crtedunk ]eoåse`k.- Duchlk nc G`prgsc kjtghoc jghgmedeks nàquelks supgrekrgs cn ?% lg su dcpetcn, lgjgrã lg trcgr lg gnnks uh 36% pcrc mkr`cr gn mkhlk lg rgsgrvc ngocn bcstc cndchzcr nc quehtc pcrtg lgn dcpetcn lg nc G`prgsc. Crtedunk ]eoåse`k Vre`grk.- Gn \etuncr teghg gn lgrgdbk, nugok lg gmgdtuclcs ncs lgluddekhgs ehledclcs gh ncs dnãusuncs qug chtgdglgh c pgrdejer nks jghgmedeks kjtghelks, seg`prg qug gn vcnkr lgn pctre`khek lg nc G`prgsc hk rgsuntg ehmgrekr cn dcpetcn. DCVE\WNK TGR\K LG NC \ZCHTMKZ@CDEÔH, MWTEÔH, LETKNWDEÔH U NESWELCDEÔH LG NC G@VZGTC Crtàdunk ]eoåse`k Tgouhlk.- Nc trchsmkr`cdeôh lg nc G`prgsc c ktrk tepk lg skdeglcl puglg sgr cdkrlclc pkr gn tetuncr, dkh crrgonk c ncs lespksedekhgs ngocngs veoghtgs. Crtedunk ]eoåse`k \grdgrk.- Nc museôh lg nc g`prgsc dkh ktrc sg gmgdtucrã dkh crrgonk c ncs lespksedekhgs lg Ngy. Nc museôh y lesknudeôh sg bcrã dkhstcr pkr gsdreturc pùjnedc qug sg ehsdrejerã gh gn rgoestrk. Crtàdunk ]eoåse`k Ducrtk.- Nc lesknudeôh lg nc G`prgsc prkdglg9 c) Vkr vknuhtcl lgn tetuncr, dkh crrgonk c nks trã`etgs trã`e tgs Ngy1 j) Vkr dkhdnuseôh c su kjigtk k e`pksejenelcl skjrgveveghtg lg rgcnezcrnk1 d) Vkr museôh gh nks dcsks sgócnclks pkr nc Ngy1 l) Vkr `ugrtg lgn \etuncr1 g) Vkr quegjrc lg nc G`prgsc1 m) Vkr prkludersg pårlelcs qug rgluzdch gn pctre`khek lg nc G`prgsc gh `ãs lgn 76% se trchsdurrelk uh gigrdedek gdkhô`edk hk sg bujegrg dk`pghschlk lg lgs`glrk, k rgludelk gn dcpetcn1 o) Vkr rgsknudeôh iuledecn, gh nks dcsks sgócnclks pkr nc Ngy. Crtàdunk ]eoåse`k Suehtk.- Gn dcrok lg nequelclkr puglg sgr csu`elk pkr gn \etuncr, gn Ogrghtg u ktrc pgrskhc qug lgseohg gn tetuncr k gn Iugz, gh su dcsk. Gn dcrok lg nequelclkr puglg sgr rghkvclk gh ducnquegr  `k`ghtk pkr gn \etuncr k pkr gn Iugz, gh su dcsk. Gn nequelclkr dgóerã su cdtucdeôh c ncs lespksedekhgs gstcjngdelcs gh nc Ngy lg nc `ctgrec. Crtàdunk ]eoåse`k Tgxtk.- Nequelclc nc G`prgsc y pcoclks nks cdrgglkrgs lg cqugnnc, gn tetuncr teghg lgrgdbk cn rg`etghtg lg nc nequelcdeôh, csà dk`k c nks nejrks y lkdu`ghtks lg nc G`prgsc, pkr gn tår`ehk lg 7 cóks, jcik su rgspkhscjenelcl.

72

DCVE\WNK TÅV\E@K LETVKTEDEKHGT \ZCHTE\KZECT Vre`grc.- Lg dkhmkr`elcl dkh gn Crtàdunk <2¹ lgn Lgdrgtk lg Ngy H¹:3=:3 sg lgseohc dk`k pre`gr pr e`gr Ogrghtg cn sgókr9 ………………………, ………………………,

quegh gh su dkhledeôh lg tetuncr csu`g gn dcrok lg "\etuncr Ogrghtg" lg nc nc G`prgsc dkh ncs ctrejudekhgs sgócnclcs gh nks Gstctutks y gh n c Ngy. Tgouhlc.- Nc G`prgsc „\bg Oknlgh Orceh‐ GEZN, ktkroc pklgr c mcvkr  lgn sgókr9 …………………., quegh gh su dkhledeôh lg \etuncr csu`g gn

dcrok lg "\etuncr Ogrghtg" lg nc G`prgsc, dkh ncs ctrejudekhgs sgócnclcs gh nks Gstctutks y gh nc Ngy. \grdgrc.- Nc G`prgsc „\bg Oknlgh Orceh‐ GEZN, ktkroc pklgr c mcvkr  lg9 …………………….., pcrc qug c sknc mer`c, gigrdetg ncs seoueghtgs

mcduntclgs9 c) Zgprgsghtcr c nc G`prgsc chtg tklc dncsg lg ghtelclgs y pgrskhcs lg nks sgdtkrgs pùjnedks y hk pùjnedks hcdekhcn k gxtrchigrk, susdrejeghlk jcik gn sgnnk lg nc G`prgsc tklc dncsg lg dk`uhedcdekhgs, sknedetulgs, rgdursks k dkrrgspkhlghdec, prgsghtchlk prkpugstcs, dktezcdekhgs y prkmkr`c gh nedetcdekhgs, ehvetcdekhgs k dkhdursks lg prgdeks1 j) Zgprgsghtcr c nc G`prgsc chtg tklc dncsg lg cutkrelclgs, yc sgch cl`ehestrctevcs, pknàtedcs, iuledecngs k `uhedepcngs, puleghlk prgsghtcr  gh hk`jrg lg gnnc tklc t klc dncsg lg sknedetulgs, rgdursks y rgdnc`cdekhgs. d) Zgprgsghtcr c nc G`prgsc lg tklc dncsg lg prkdgle`eghtks iuledecngs y cl`ehestrctevks, iuhtcs lg cdrgglkrgs, quegjrcs, nequelcdekhgs gxtrciuledecngs, dkh ncs mcduntclgs oghgrcngs lgn `chlctk y tklcs ncs gspgdecngs lgn Crtàdunk 36¹ lgn Dôleok Vrkdgscn Deven, gspgdecn`ghtg pcrc dkhtgstcr lg`chlcs, dgngjrcr trchscddekhgs, prgstcr dkhmgseôh, rgdkhkde`eghtk lg lkdu`ghtks, ktkrocr pklgrgs pcrc pngetks y rgvkdcrnks y rgprgsghtcr c nc G`prgsc gh Vrkdgle`eghtks ncjkrcngs. l) Gh gn krlgh dk`grdecn sknedetcr nc cpgrturc y gh gn degrrg lg dughtcs dkrreghtgs, oercr dbgqugs skjrg mkhlks prkpeks k gh skjrgoerk, ghlkscr  susdrejer vcngs y pcocrås y lgsdkhtcrnks, sknedetcr skjrgoerks, sknedetcr  dkhtrctks lg pråstc`ks, dråletks k cvchdgs lg dughtcs dkrreghtgs dkh k seh ocrchtàc, pcdtchlk ncs dkhledekhgs, sknedetcr mechzc, cmechzcr y prgstcr  cvcn pcrc kpgrcdekhgs c hk`jrg lg nc G`prgsc, dkhtrctcr sgourks y ghlkscr pônezcs, dk`prcr y vghlgr `ugjngs, dkjrcr y ktkrocr  dchdgncdekhgs y rgdejks. Wstgl Tgókr hktcrek corgocrã ncs lg`ãs mkr`cnelclgs lg Ngy duelchlk lg ehsgrtcr gh gn dugrpk lg nc gsdreturc pùjnedc nc rgsknudeôh qug cutkrezc nc dkhstetudeôh lg nc G`prgsc, y pcscrã pcrtgs cn Zgoestrk @grdchten lg Ne`c, pcrc su ehsdrepdeôh dkhmkr`g c Ngy. Ne`c,......................lg..............................lgn........................

MEZ@CT

75

ZGOET\ZK LG NC G@VZGTC C. Jùsquglc y rgsgrvc lgn hk`jrg lg nc g`prgsc gh nks Zgoestrks Vùjnedks (sônk pcrc Vgrskhc Iuràledc) Tg lgjg cduler c nc Kmedehc lg Zgoestrks Vùjnedks, y vgremedcr nc hk gxestghdec gh gn `grdclk uhc rczôh skdecn eoucn k se`encr c nc qug pnchgc`ks pcrc nc g`prgsc lgn prkygdtk.  Cn jusdcr nks hk`jrgs gxestghtgs, sg lgjg csgourcr qug åstks hk sgch pcrgdelks k sughgh eoucn cn qug sg utenezcrã, sg lgjg tghgr uh `àhe`k lg 4 ngtrcs lemgrghtgs. Whc vgz rgcnezclc nc jùsquglc y bgdbc nc dkhmer`cdeôh lg qug hk gxestgh hk`jrgs eoucngs k se`encrgs, sg lgjg bcdgr nc rgsgrvc lg nc rczôh skdecn pcrc qug hehouhc g`prgsc puglc ehsdrejersg dkh gsg hk`jrg, y nc rgsgrvc gs gmgdtevc pkr uh pnczk lg 46 làcs.

J. Gncjkrcdeôh lg nc `ehutc (sônk pcrc Vgrskhc Iuràledc) Nc `ehutc gs gn lkdu`ghtk prgvek gh gn qug nks `eg`jrks lg nc skdeglcl c dkhmkr`crsg, `chemegstch su vknuhtcl lg dkhstetuer nc g`prgsc, y gh lkhlg sg sgócnch nks cdugrlks tk`clks. Nc `ehutc sg dkhstetuyg pkr gn pcdtk skdecn y nks gstctutks, clg`ãs lg nks lkdu`ghtks cliuhtks c åstc. Nks gng`ghtks muhlc`ghtcngs lg uhc `ehutc skh9 Nks oghgrcngs lg ngy lg dclc skdek9 lctks pgrskhcngs, hk`jrgs, glcl, lkdu`ghtks lg elghtemedcdeôh, gtd. Oerk lg nc skdeglcl. \epk lg skdeglcl \eg`pk lg lurcdeôh lg nc skdeglcl9 pnczk meik k ehlgtgr`ehclk. Ehedek lg ncs cdtevelclgs dk`grdecngs. Lk`edenek dk`grdecn Lghk`ehcdeôh k rczôh skdecn lg nc skdeglcl Nuocr lg muhdekhc`eghtk lg ncs sudurscngs, se gxestegrch. Cl`ehestrclkr k rgprgsghtchtg lg nc skdeglcl. Cpkrtgs lg dclc skdek9 Jeghgs lehgrcreks9 lehgrk y sus `gleks sustetutks tcngs k dk`k dbgqugs, pcocrås, ngtrcs lg dc`jeks, gtd. Jeghgs hk lehgrcreks9 eh`ugjngs k `ugjngs tcngs dk`k k gsdretkreks, senncs, gtd. Dcpetcn k pctre`khek skdecn Ktrks cdugrlks gstcjngdelks pkr nks skdeks. 

        

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D. Gngvcr nc `ehutc `e hutc c gsdreturc pùjnedc (sônk Vgrskhc Iuràledc) Tg cdulg c uhc hktcràc y uh hktcrek pùjnedk rgvesc nc `ehutc y nc gngvc c Gsdreturc Vùjnedc. Nks lkdu`ghtks c nngvcr iuhtk c nc `ehutc skh9

=6

 

 

@ehutc lg dkhstetudeôh. Dkhstchdec k dk`prkjchtg lg lgpôsetk lgn dcpetcn cpkrtclk gh uhc dughtc jchdcrec c hk`jrg lg nc g`prgsc. Ehvghtcrek lgtcnnclk y vcnkrezclk lg nks jeghgs hk lehgrcreks. Dgrtemedclk lg jùsquglc `grdchten g`etelk pkr nc kmedehc lg rgoestrks pùjnedks lg nc hk gxestghdec lg uhc `es`c k se`encr  rczôh skdecn.

Whc vgz qug sg bc gngvclk nc `ehutc, hk sg puglg dc`jecr. Mehcn`ghtg, sg oghgrc nc Gsdreturc Vùjnedc, \gste`khek lg Tkdeglcl k Dkhstetudeôh Tkdecn, lkdu`ghtk qug lc mg lg nc ngocnelcl lg nc `ehutc. Åstc lgjg sgr  mer`clc y sgnnclc pkr gn hktcrek.

L. Gngvcr nc gsdreturc pùjnedc gh nks Zgoestrks Vùjnedks (sônk Vgrskhc Iuràledc) Whc vgz kjtghelc nc Gsdreturc Vùjnedc, åstc sg lgjg nngvcr c nks Zgoestrks Vùjnedks, lkhlg sg rgcnezcrãh nks trã`etgs hgdgscreks pcrc ehsdrejer nc g`prgsc. Nugok lg gstk, sg lgdncrc nc gxestghdec lg nc Vgrskhc Iuràledc.

G. Kjtghdeôh lgn hù`grk lg ZWD Gn ZWD (Zgoestrk Ùhedk lg Dkhtrejuyghtgs) gs nk qug elghtemedc c nc g`prgsc chtg nc TWHC\ pcrc gn pcok lg nks e`pugstks dkrrgspkhleghtgs c nc cdtevelcl rgcnezclc. \klc pgrskhc hcturcn k iuràledc gstã kjneoclc c su ehsdrepdeôh gh gn ZWD, gh dcsk hk nk rgcnedgh, sgrãh schdekhclcs lg cdugrlk dkh gn Dôleok \rejutcrek, cn eoucn qug nks ehsdretks gh gn ZWD qug hk prgsghtgh lgdncrcdeôh. Vcrc kjtghgrnk sg lgjg cduler c nc TWHC\, nnghcr uh mkr`uncrek lg  iustemedcdeôh, y gspgrcr nc hktemedcdeôh.

M. Gngoer gn råoe`gh trejutcrek Eoucn`ghtg, gh nc sg teghg qug lgtgr`ehcr gn råoe`gh trejutcrek cn qug sg cdkogrã nc g`prgsc pcrc gn pcok lg nks e`pugstks, yc sgc cn Zåoe`gh Ùhedk Te`pnemedclk (ZWT), cn Zåoe`gh Gspgdecn lg E`pugstk c nc Zghtc (ZGZ), k cn Zåoe`gh Oghgrcn. Whc vgz qug sg kjteghg gn hù`grk lg ZWD, y gngoelk gn råoe`gh trejutcrek, sg puglg e`pre`er nks dk`prkjchtgs lg pcok (jkngtc y/k mcdturc) c utenezcr.

O. Dk`prcr y ngocnezcr nks nejrks dkhtcjngs Tg dk`prch nks nejrks dkhtcjngs qug nc g`prgsc hgdgsetc, lgpghleghlk lgn råoe`gh trejutcrek cdkoelk, pkstgrekr`ghtg lgjgrãh sgr ngocnezclks pkr uh hktcrek pùjnedk. =3

B. Ngocnezcr gn Nejrk lg Vnchenncs gh gn @ehestgrek lg \rcjcik Tgoùh nc ngy, tklks nks trcjciclkrgs lg uhc g`prgsc, lgjgh gstcr gh pnchennc, nk qug e`pnedc rgdejer nks jghgmedeks skdecngs. Vcrc gstk, sg cdulg cn `ehestgrek lg \rcjcik, lkhlg sg ngocnezcrãh ncs pnchenncs.

E. Ehsdrejer c nks trcjciclkrgs gh GTTCNWL Eoucn`ghtg sg lgjg rgoestrcr c nks trcjciclkrgs gh GTTCNWL pcrc qug åstks puglch cddglgr c nks sgrvedeks. \klks nks trã`etgs sg rgcnezch gh nc kmedehc lg GTTCNWL dkrrgspkhleghtg c nc iuresleddeôh. Oghgrcn`ghtg, nks lkdu`ghtks qug sg prgsghtch skh nks seoueghtgs9    

Dkpec lgn ZWD. Vnchenncs gh jnchdk ngocnezclcs. Dkpec lgn LHE lgn rgprgsghtchtg. Mkr`uncrek lg ehsdrepdeôh lg nks trcjciclkrgs.

I. Tknedetul lg nedghdec `uhedepcn \rc`etcr nc kjtghdeôh lg nc nedghdec lg muhdekhc`eghtk gh nc `uhedepcnelcl lgn dkrrgspkhleghtg c nc ujedcdeôh lg nc g`prgsc, yc sgc nc pnchtc lg prkluddeôh y/k gn puhtk lg vghtc. Nks lkdu`ghtks qug sg lgjgh prgsghtcr skh nks seoueghtgs9 Dkpec lgn ZWD. Dgrtemedclk lg Ykhemedcdeôh (zkhc ehlustrecn, zkhc dk`grdecn, zkhc rgselghdecn, gtd.). Drkques lg nc ujedcdeôh lg nc g`prgsc. Dkpec lg dkhtrctk lg cnquengr k tàtunk lg prkpeglcl. Dkpec lg nc gsdreturc pùjnedc. Zgdejks lg pcok pkr lgrgdbk lg nedghdec. Mkr`uncrek lg sknedetul.  

    

9  Cdtucn`ghtg gxestgh dghtrks k ehstetudekhgs qug cyulch gh nc rgcnezcdeôh lg tklks nks trã`etgs chtgrekrgs pcrc nc dkhstetudeôh lg nc g`prgsc, dkh uh dkstk `àhe`k y gh ncpsk lg teg`pk dkrtk. Whk lg åstks gs DKMELG, gn ducn kmrgdg gn sgrvedek lg jùsquglc y rgsgrvc lg hk`jrg gh nks Zgoestrks Vùjnedks, kjtghdeôh lg ZWD y `ghdekhclks chtgrekr`ghtg. Hktc cledekhcn 

=:

]EEE.

GT\WLEK GDKHÔ@EDK — MEHCHDEGZK

3. EH]GZTEKHGT MEICT \CHOEJNGT  Cquà dkhselgrc`ks ncs ehvgrsekhgs màsedcs lgn prkygdtk qug sg erãh lgprgdechlk dclc pgreklk c nk ncrok lg nc velc ùten lgn prkygdtk, nks vcnkrgs sg cseohclks sg lgsprghlgh lgn gstulek tådhedk. Lghtrk lg gstks cdtevks meiks, lclk qug gn nkdcn lg trcjcik sgrã cnquenclk, sg dkhselgrch jãsedc`ghtg nc `cquehcrec y gquepk. Cquà gs e`pkrtchtg rgscntcr qug hk sg bc dkhselgrclk c nks dudbcrkhgs (dk`k sà sg bezk gh gn gstulek tådhedk) pcrc nc lgtgr`ehcdeôh lg ncs ehvgrsekhgs tchoejngs pkr  sgr gstg uh `khtk pgqugók y hk rgngvchtg, he tc`pkdk ehdnuerg`ks cn àtg` „ktrks‐ lgn gstulek tådhedk pugs gstcrã ehdnuelk gh gn àtg` lg

e`prgvestks duyc `cohetul sgrã uh 7% lgn tktcn lg ehvgrsekhgs.

MEICT EH\CHOEJNGT Vcrc gn dcsk lg ncs ehvgrsekhgs meics ehtchoejngs, pcrc nks ocstks lg krochezcdeôh gh nc ducn sg dkhtrctcrã c uhc g`prgsc mcdenetclkrc lg nks `es`ks trã`etgs (tgrdgrezcdeôh). Nc nedghdec lg muhdekhc`eghtk dugstc cprkxe`clc`ghtg :<6 skngs gh nks Knevks (duclrk 3), clg`ãs gn sgourk lg prktgddeôh cn hgokdek gn ducn dkrrgspkhlg c uhc dkjgrturc lg tklcs ncs ehvgrsekhgs meics tchoejngs `untepnedclk pkr uhc tcsc lgn 6.6=:% qug gs nc qug cpnedc pcrc gn `khtk qug sg prgtghlg csgourcr (duclrk :).

Duclrk H¶ 39 Dkstks lg nedghdec lg muhdekhc`eghtk @WHEDEVCNELCL LG NKT KNE] KT OGZGHDEC LG ZGH\CT TWJ OGZGHDEC LG NEDGHDEC T U DKH\ZKN LG CD\E] ELCLGT DK@GZDEC NGT

GT\ZWD\WZC LG DKT\KT DCH\ELCL LG VZGT\CDEKHGT @GHTWCNGT C ÓK

GH G

M GJ

@ CZ

CJZ

@ CU

IWH

IWN

C OK

:662

:6

:6

:6

:6

:6

:6

:6

:6

TGV

KD \

H K]

L ED

\ K\ C N

:6

:6

:6

:6

:<6

Vrk`glek prgs tcdekhgs chucngs

Duclrk H¶ :9 Vre`c c pcocr, sgoùh `khtk lg csgourc`eghtk

=4

:<6

Ehvgrsekhgs meics tchoejngs

Dcrcdtgrestedcs

Dchtelcl

]cnkr uhetcrek (T/.)

]cnkr tktcn (T/.)

Ehstcncdekhgs dk`png`ghtcrecs

@chougrcs

4

::<,4

=?:,5

Lgpôsetk lg couc

:

3626

:3=6

Tenks pcrc lgpôsetks lg orchks

:

3266

4=66

Jãsdunc Zgtrennclkrc \kstclkrc Ghmreclkrc @knehk

4

?:6

:3=6

3

4266

4266

3

3:6666

3:6666

3

=66

=66

3

32666

32666

Gquepk lg trchspkrtg

Gquepk lg trchspkrtg ehtgrhk

<

:66

266

Gquepk lg kmedehc

Dk`putclkrc

4

::66

==66

Gquepk lg kmedehc (vcreks)

4

<666

3:666

@cquehcrec

E`prgvestks

56??,:?3<2

\ktcn tchoejngs

3?5
Ehvgrsekhgs meics ehtchoejngs

Ocstks lg krochezcdeôh Ocstks lg nedghdecs

Ocstks lg pugstc gh `crdbc Nedghdec lg muhdekhc`eghtk

3 3

Tgourks prg kpgrctevks

@ejchdk /Nc pksetevc(sgourk lg prktgddeôh cn hgokdek)

3

\ktcn ehtchoejngs \K\CN

766 :<6

766 :<6

333,:?376=4 3447,:7262 :6?7,:7262

3237<7,<4

:. DCVE\CN LG \ZCJCIK Vkr ncs dcrcdtgràstedcs lgn hgokdek, gn dcpetcn lg trcjcik dkrrgspkhlgrã prehdepcn`ghtg c nks dkstks gh ZZBB.Gn `åtklk c utenezcr sgrã gn lgn pgreklk lg lgsmcsg Gn dednk prkludtevk qug sg bc gste`clk gs gn seoueghtg Tg `chteghg gh cn`cdghgs nks orchks lg dcmå prkvgheghtg lgn prkvgglkr y `ctgrecngs (gxestghdecs) pkr uh tår`ehk lg 7 làcs. \klc gstc dchtelcl lg dcmå sg prkdgsc bcstc qug sg trchsmkr`c gh uh jegh mehcn pkr cnrglglkr lg 36 làcs, gn prkludtk sg cn`cdghc pcrc su vghtc uh prk`glek lg 7 làcs. Lclk qug nc dk`grdecnezcdeôh lg gstg prkludtk gs nghtc sg lcrã uh pnczk lg pcok c nks dneghtgs lg 36 làcs. Gh jcsg c nk chtgrekr gste`c`ks uh pgreklk lg lgsmcsg lg 46 làcs.

=<

Dkstks lg kpgrcdeôh H¶ pugstk

Tugnlk `ghsucn (T/.)

Tugnlk chucn (T/.)

Ogrghtg Oghgrcn

3

2666

5=666

Igmg lg pnchtc

3

4666

4=666

Igmg Dkhtrkn lg dcnelcl

3

4666

4=666

Igmg lg vghtcs

3

4666

4=666

Zgdgpdekhestc y sgdrgtcrec

3

3766

32666

Ghdcroclk prkludtevk

3

3766

32666

G`pcdclkr

3

3766

32666

 Cn`cdghgrk y jklgougrk

3

3:66

3<<66

Tgourelcl

:

3:66

:2266

Ne`pegzc

3

3666

3:666

Vgrskhcn

lgn

prkdgsk

\ktcn Vgrskhcn

434:66 Dkstk lg g`pcqug

Dkstk `ghsucn

Ehlevelucn

3

2<5,?

3635=,<

Tcdks

:

<66

<266

@ctgrecn lg g`pcqug

\ktcn @ctgrecn lg g`pcqug

3<55=,<

Dkstks lg trchspkrtg

Whc vgz/@gs (T/.)

 Cnquengr lg dc`ekhgs

:666

:<666

Dbkmgr

766

=666

Tgourelcl lg trchspkrtg

766

=666

\ktcn Dkstks lg trchspkrtg Dk`prc dcmå \ktcn Dk`prc dcmå

4=666 \ktcn `gs (T/.) 3<3?=,:7244

3?6337,3

?66

2<66

sgrvedeks  Couc y nuz

\ktcn sgrvedeks \K\CN

2<66 7<:?33,7

Dãndunk lgn dcpetcn lg trcjcik Lecs bãjengs

4=7

Lecs lg lgsmcsg A\

46 <<=6=,<:<==

Ehvgrsekhgs gh tchoejngs, ehtchoejngs y dcpetcn lg trcjcik DKHDGV\K

EH]GZTEÔH MEIC \CHOEJNG

3?5
EH]GZTEÔH MEIC EH\CHOEJNG

:6?7,:726?=

EH]GZTEÔH GH DCVE\CN LG \ZCJCIK

<<=6=,<:<==

\K\CN

::=373,27<: =7

4. MEHCHDEC@EGH\K MWGH\GT LG MEHCHDEC@EGH\K Vcrc gn dcsk `ghdekhclk, kptcrg`ks pkr uhc leveseôh lgn mehchdec`eghtk gh lkhlg gn cpkrtg prkpek sgc lgn krlgh lgn 76%, `eghtrcs qug gn rgstk sg mehchdeg `glechtg uhc ghtelcl, gh lkhlg nc ghtelcl qug sg sgngddekhcrã gs gn Jchdk Mehchdegrk pkr kmrgdgr uhc \GC lgn 37%.

DKHDGZ\CDEKH LG VZÅT\C@KT Ncs dkhledekhgs qug sg tghlràch dkh gn Jchdk sgrech gn mehchdec`eghtk gh duktcs meics k dkhstchtgs, Gn pcok lg ncs duktcs sgrã lgjetclk lg nc dughtc cskdeclc, csà hk bcjrã hgdgselcl lg cdgrdcrsg cn Jchdk. Gn mehchdec`eghtk qug bcrã gn Jchdk mehchdegrk sgrã ùhedc`ghtg pcrc nc dk`prc lg `cquehcrec y gquepks, gs lgder pcrc ncs ehvgrsekhgs tchoejngs, ncs ducngs c su vgz sgrverãh dk`k ocrchtàc gh dcsk lg ehdu`pne`eghtk dkh nks pcoks.

Duclrk Ehvgrseôh y mehchdec`eghtk DKHDGV\K

CVKZ\G VZKVEK T/. % EH]GZTEÔH MEIC \CHOEJNG T/. ==.45<,:< EH]GZTEÔH MEIC EH\CHOEJNG T/. 6,66 EH]GZTEÔH GH DCVE\CN LG \ZCJCIK T/. <<.=6=,<: \K\CN 333666,==5

MEHCHDEC@EGH\K \K\CN % lgn \K\CN T/. % T/. % 46% T/. 334.6?7,54 76% T/. 3?5.
Duclrk lg sgrvedek lg nc lgulc Vgreklk

Lgulc cn ehedek lgn cók

3 T/. 334.6?7,54 : T/. 334.6?7,54 4 T/. 56.<46,?< < T/. =<.422,?? 7 T/. 4<.<<6,76

Ehtgrås

Lgulc cdu`unclc cn mehcn lgn pgreklk

T/. 3=.5=3,45

T/. 346.64?,4:

T/. 3=.5=3,45

T/. 346.64?,4:

T/. 34.7=<,=3

T/. 364.557,47

T/. 5.=72,4:

T/. ?<.6
T/. 7.3==,62

T/. 45.=6=,72

TL

Lgulc cn mehcn C`krtezcdekh c`krtezcdekh lgn pgreklk lgn prehdepcn lgn prehdepcn

T/. 3=.5=3,45 T/. 334.6?7,54 T/. 6,66 T/. 45.=6=,72 T/. 56.<46,?< T/. ::.=<7,35 T/. 45.=6=,72 T/. =<.422,?? T/. <2.=2?,3= T/. 45.=6=,72 T/. 4<.<<6,76 T/. ?2.=47,<: T/. 45.=6=,72 T/. 6,66 T/. 334.6?7,54

T/. 3=.5=3,45 T/. 3=.5=3,45 T/. 34.7=<,=3 T/. 5.=72,4: T/. 7.3==,62

EHOZGTKT Tg dkhselgrc uh cu`ghtk lg prgdeks jcsclk gh nc prkygddeôh lg nc ehmncdeôh lg JDZV, y gn tepk lg dc`jek sg gstã tk`chlk gh :,= skngs pkr  lôncr lclc nc rgdeghtg lgprgdecdeôh lgn skn. Nks vcnkrgs uhetcreks lg ncs gxpkrtcdekhgs bch selk kjtghelks lgn E\D (Ehtgrhctekhcn trclg dghtrg).

==

EHOZGTKT VKZ ]GH\CT ]ghtcs ehorgsks ehorgsk pkr Ehorgsks pkr Vrgdek lg gxpkrtcdekhgs EHOZGTK nkdcngs nkdcngs vcnkr uhetcrek gxpkrtcdekhgs gxpkrtcdekhgs vghtc nkdcn gh tkhgnclcs \K\CN tktcngs gh lôncrgs gh skngs CÓK prkorc`clcs 6 36337,3 :6,:7 :6<246,??7 3=6 4?=3 =63?=6 37=<7?= 3?=5<6=,2 3 3635=,6:62 :6,=77 :36752,23 3?5,: 424=,:: =2?<76,=:< 3?2?4?3,=:: 355?5?6,< : 36:??,7225? :3,6=23 :3=7:5,:?: :66,?6< 453:,5<<< ?274<4,75:5 :6<3254,4<3 ::72<::,= 4 36475,265=2 :3,<25<=: :::=:=,?4= ::<,?22<2 4553,:64:22 25?3?=,7:67 :44:=72,574 :777:27,? < 36<<:,=223= :3,535:73:< ::2257,567 :73,?=465?= <6?3,6:?47< 36:<54<,<7? :==<2:5,722 :254?:7,7

DKT\KT Cók 3 Cók : Cók 4 Cók < Dkstk lg prkluddekh 34?:4<5,? 376=326,:: 3=7:=3=,55 32
Cók 7 :6467:<,=4 32?4527,7? 3234767,7? :3=66 :3=66 3?:26 37=745,67= :3=66 <4:66

@ctgrecn lg g`pcqug

3<55=,<

3<55=,<

3<55=,<

3<55=,<

3<55=,<

Tgourelcl

:2266

Ne`pegzc

3:666

 Couc y nuz

2<66

:2266 3:666 2<66

:2266 3:666 2<66

4<7=6 3<<66 36626

4<7=6 3<<66 36626

Lgprgdecdeôh

3:74=,72

3:74=,72

3:74=,72

3:74=,72

3:74=,72

 C`krtezcdeôh

Ocstks lg kpgrcdeôh Ocstks cl`ehestrctevks Ogrghtg Oghgrcn Igmg Dkhtrkn lg dcnelcl Igmg lg vghtcs

Ocstk lg vghtcs Dkstks lg trchspkrtg

Ocstks mehchdegrks \K\CN

3=5=3,4253 3=5=3,4253 347=<,=367 5=72,43735 73==,6?77?

:6<666 3=2666

:?=:<5,= 3=2666 3=2666 :63=66 :63=66 5=666 5=666 5=666 337:66 337:66 4=666 4=666 4=666 <4:66 <4:66 4=666 4=666 4=666 <4:66 <4:66 <4:66 732<6 =::62 4=666 ?<=<5,= 4=666 <4:66 732<6 =::62 ?<=<5,= 3=5=3,4253 3=5=3,4253 347=<,=367 5=72,43735 73==,6?77? 3425433,65 37:43<3,=3 3===323,= 327=2<7,<2 :647=56,?

=?

:33:66

:352<6

:=4262

<. GT\CLKT MEHCHDEGZKT Gstclk lg pårlelcs y ochchdecs seh mehchdec`eghtk GT\CLK LG OCHCHDECT U VGZLELCT seh mehchdec`eghtk ZWJZK 3. Ehorgsks pkr vghtcs :. dkstk lg vghtcs ZGTWN\CLK JZW\K Ocstks lg vghtcs Ocstks cl`ehestrctevks ZGTWN\CLK KVGZC\E]K <. Lgprgdecdeôh 7. C`krtezcdeôh Ehtchoejng ZGTWN\CLK C. E@VWGT\KT =. E`pugstks ZGTWN\CLK HG\K E`pugstk

3 355?5?6,<4 34<:273,?4 =77332,?64 4=666 3=2666 <73332,?64 3:74=,72 <37,673=37 <423=?,6?3 343<76,3:3 46=?3=,57 46%

: ::72<::,=3< 3
4 :777:27,=5 3=:=737,?5= 5:2?=5,254? 732<6 3=2666 ?625:5,254? 3:74=,72 <37,673=37: =575?2,:=: :62?54,
< :254?:7,<54 32:<55:,:?: 36=2?44,::: =::62 :63=66 26<5:7,::32 3:74=,72 <37,673=37: ?535?4,756: :4?75:,6??3 77<423,7343

7 4:?5=<:,54= :63:2:3,5?< 3:==2:6,5=: ?<=<5,= :63=66 5567?3,4=35 3:74=,72 <37,673=37: 5??=35,?464 :54:27,5353 =2<444,233:

Gstclk lg pårlelcs y ochchdecs dkh mehchdec`eghtk GT\CLK LG OCHCHDECT U VGZLELCT dkh mehchdec`eghtk ZWJZK 3. Ehorgsks pkr vghtcs :. dkstk lg vghtcs ZGTWN\CLK JZW\K Ocstks lg vghtcs 4. Ocstks cl`ehestrctevks ZGTWN\CLK KVGZC\E]K <. Lgprgdecdeôh 7. C`krtezcdeôh ehtchoejng ZGTWN\CLK C EH\GZGTGT =. Ehtgrgsgs ZGTWN\CLK C E@VWGT\KT ?. E`pugstks ZGTWN\CLK HG\K E`pugstk

3 355?5?6,<4 34<:273,?4 =77332,?64 4=666 3=2666 <73332,?64 3:74=,72 <37,673=37 <423=?,6?3 3=5=3,4253 <:3:67,=2: 3:=4=3,?67 :5<2<4,5?2 46%

: ::72<::,=3< 3
=2

4 :777:27,=5 3=:=737,?5= 5:2?=5,254? 732<6 3=2666 ?625:5,254? 3:74=,72 <37,673=37: =575?2,:=: 347=<,=367: =2:<34,=737 :6
< :254?:7,<54 32:<55:,:?: 36=2?44,::: =::62 :63=66 26<5:7,::32 3:74=,72 <37,673=37: ?535?4,756: 5=72,437357 ?2:437,:?7 :4<=5<,72:7 7
7 4:?5=<:,54= :63:2:3,5?< 3:==2:6,5=: ?<=<5,= :63=66 5567?3,4=35 3:74=,72 <37,673=37: 5??=35,?464 73==,6?77=5 5?:<74,=7