PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACION SOBRE LA BASURA EN EL DISTRITO DE SAN JUAN DE MIRAFLORES
Introducción Ob!ti"o #!n!r$% Ju&ti'ic$ción Pr!#unt$& c!ntr$%!& G!n!r$%id$d!& C%$&i'ic$ción d! %$ b$&ur$ I()$cto d! %$ b$&ur$ Indu&tri$ d! %$ b$&ur$ I()$cto !co%ó#ico En'!r(!d$d!& )or %$ b$&ur$ Or#$ni*$ción d!% &$n!$(i!nto $(bi!nt$% !n nu!&tr$ &oci!d$d Po%+tic$& ),b%ic$& d! r!co%!cción - tr$t$(i!nto d! %$ b$&ur$ R!co%!cción - tr$t$(i!nto !n %o& d!&!c.o& &ó%ido& !n nu!&tro& (unici)io& Cu%tur$ d! %$ b$&ur$ R!cic%$! Acti"id$d!&/ un$ r!'%!0ión R!cur&o&1 Crono#r$($ 2 $#!nd$ d! tr$b$o Conc%u&ión Bib%io#r$'+$ INTRODUCCI3N
L$ b$&ur$ !& un #r$n )rob%!($ d! todo& %o& d+$& - un dr$($ t!rrib%! )$r$ %$& #r$nd!& ciud$d!& 4u! -$ no &$b!n 4u5 .$c!r con t$nto& d!&)!rdicio& 4u! &on 'u!nt! d! ($%o& o%or!&6 d! in'!ccion!& - !n'!r(!d$d!&6 d! cont$(in$ción $(bi!nt$% - d! $%i($7$&6 $d!(8& d! con&tituir un )rob%!($ d! r!co%!cción - $%($c!n$(i!nto 4u! cu!&t$ (uc.o din!ro1 En %o& ,%ti(o& $7o&6 %$ r!uti%i*$ción - )roc!&$(i!nto d! %$ b$&ur$ $ ni"!% c$&!ro6 &! .$ ido or#$ni*$ndo d! t$% ($n!r$ 4u! %%!#$r8 !% d+$ !n 4u! %o& d!&)!rdicio& &!$n 'u!nt! d! ri4u!*$ )$r$ %$& co(unid$d!& 4u! %o& #!n!r$n1 E% .o(br! !()!*ó $ uti%i*$r %$& ($t!ri$& )ri($& d! un$ 'or($ d!&ord!n$d$6 con %$ !0cu&$ d!% d!&$rro%%o !% .o(br! 4u! !0)%ot$ %o& r!cur&o& n$tur$%!& (8& r8)ido !& !% 4u! #$n$ (8& b!n!'icio&6 !% 4u! )roduc! (8& b$&ur$ !& (8& '!%i*6 $)$r!ci!ndo !% con&u(i&(o - !% d!rroc.!1 E&to .$ )roducido %$ )ro%i'!r$ción d! in&!cto&6 ro!dor!& (icroor#$ni&(o& )$tó#!no&6 tr$-!ndo co(o con&!cu!nci$ !n'!r(!d$d!& c$t$&tró'ic$& )$r$ !% .o(br! co(o %$ )!&t!1 Ob&!r"$ndo !&to &! "io 4u! !% .o(br! no )od+$ d!&!nt!nd!r&! t$n '8ci%(!nt! d! %$& b$&ur$& 4u! ori#in$b$ - -$ 4u! no !r$n un conunto d! co&$& in,ti%!&6 &ino 4u! d! !%%$& &! )od+$n !0tr$!r ($t!ri$& )ri($&6 r!uti%i*$b%!&6 &! !()!*ó $ uti%i*$r !% t5r(ino r!&iduo1
L$ %!- d! r!&iduo& d!'in! 4u! r!&iduo !& cu$%4ui!r &u&t$nci$ u ob!to )!rt!n!ci!nt! $ cu$%4ui!r c$t!#or+$ 4u! 'i#ur! !n !% $n!0o d! !&t$ %!-6 %$ cu$% !% )o&!!dor &! d!&)r!nd$6 t!n#$ int!nción u ob%i#$ción d! d!&)r!nd!r&!1 D! !&t$ ($n!r$ &! inc%u-! !n %$ %!- %$ r!&)on&$bi%id$d 4u! con%%!"$ #!n!r$r r!&iduo&1 L$ !&c$&!* d! ($t!ri$& )ri($& $&+ co(o %$ )rot!cción $% (!dio $(bi!nt! &on r$*on!& )$r$ inc%in$r&! )or !% r!cic%$do6 &in !(b$r#o d! tod$ t5cnic$ d! $)ro"!c.$(i!nto &i!()r! "$ 4u!d$r $%#o 4u! no &! "$ )od!r r!cic%$r6 un$ )$rt! 4u! d!b!r8 &!r tr$t$d$ con un$ t5cnic$ d! !%i(in$ción1 T$(bi5n T$(bi5n !& ci!rto 4u! %$& t5cnic$& d! $)ro"!c.$(i!nto &i!()r! &on (8& co&to&$& -$ 4u! r!4ui!r!n d! un$ t!cno%o#+$ (8& &o'i&tic$d$ - d! ($-or!& in&t$%$cion!& - 4u! %$ c$ntid$d d! b$&ur$ 4u! &! #!n!r$ !& t$% 4u! no d$ ti!()o $ r!cic%$r%$ &in !"it$r 4u! &! $cu(u%!1 L$ r!co#id$ &!%!cti"$6 !& d!cir6 %$ &!)$r$ción d! %o& r!&iduo& !n ori#!n6 d!b! &!r )ro(o"id$ )or %o& di&tinto& )u!b%o&6 !n b!n!'icio d!% (!dio $(bi!nt!6 con"irti5ndo&! !n un$ co&tu(br! !% r!cic%$r6 d! !&t$ ($n!r$ d!$r!(o& d! &!r !&c%$"o& d! nu!&tr$ )ro)i$ b$&ur$ - )odr!(o& no &ó%o d!&!nt!nd!rno& d! %$ b$&ur$ 4u! )roduci(o& &ino &$b!r 4u! $4u!%%o 4u! .!(o& con&u(ido no& )roducir8 !% (!nor )!ruicio )o&ib%!1 E% r!cic%$do6 $&+ co(o %$ r!cu)!r$ción d! ($t!ri$& )ri($&6 &on t5cnic$& n!c!&$ri$& )$r$ %%!"$r $ c$bo %o 4u! d!no(in$(o& un d!&$rro%%o &o&t!nib%!6 &in !(b$r#o !n !% c$&o d! %o& r!&iduo&6 co(o !n otro& t$nto&6 %o& int!r!&!& d! %$& !()r!&$& d!dic$d$& $ %o& tr$t$(i!nto d! b$&ur$ &! contr$)on!n con %o& int!r!&!& d! %o& d!'!n&or!& d!% (!dio $(bi!nt!6 ($nt!ni!ndo $ %$ #!nt! !n un )!r'!cto !&t$do d! d!&in'or($ción6 $du%8ndo%!& con %$ '$ci%id$d d! $rro$r cu$%4ui!r d!&)!rdicio $ %$ (i&($ bo%&$6 &in .$b%$r%!& d! %$& con&!cu!nci$& 4u! !%%o #!n!r$6 con&i#u!n un d+$ tr$& otro b!n!'ici$r&! d! &u dict$dur$ d!% d!rroc.!1 S! c$%cu%$ 4u! c$d$ )!r&on$ )roduc! un$ (!di$ d! 9 :#1 D! b$&ur$ $% d+$1 L$ ($-or+$ d! %o& r!&iduo& &ó%ido& urb$no& 4u! )roduci(o& !&t8 con&tituid$ )or ($t!ri$%!& 4u! )u!d!n &!r c%$&i'ic$do& con '$ci%id$d/ )$)!%6 c$rtón6 "idrio6 )%8&tico&6 tr$)o&6 ($t!ri$ or#8nic$ ! inor#8nic$6 !tc1 OBJETIVO GENERAL Ant!& 4u! n$d$ !& n!c!&$rio .$c!r $%#uno& &!7$%$(i!nto& $c!rc$ d!% t!($ d! in"!&ti#$ción 4u! &! &u#i!r!6 cu-o t+tu%o !& ;L$ B$&ur$ R!cic%$b%! !n %o& Munici)io& d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!& En )ri(!r t5r(ino t!n!(o& 4u! $c%$r$r 4u! !% conc!)to ;b$&ur$; !&t8 d!'inido !n $%#uno& diccion$rio& co(o ;&uci!d$d;6 ;r!&iduo d!&!c.$do; - ;co&$ r!)u#n$ nt! o d!&)r!ci$b%!;1 No ob&t$nt!6 !&t$& d!'inicion!& !nci!rr$n !n &+ (i&($& $ctitud!& 4u! d!&!&ti($n !% #r$n t!($ d! %$ b$&ur$1 A %$ b$&ur$ %$ .!(o& conc!)tu$%i*$do co(o $%#o d!&)!cti"o6 4u! c$r!c! d! "$%or - d! %$ 4u! .$- 4u! d!&.$c!r&!1 Ant! !&to6 t!n!(o& 4u! &!7$%$r%o6 !% &i&t!($ d! !duc$ción t$nto !n nu!&tro )$+& co(o !n otro& )$+&!&6 .$ tr$t$do d! contr$rr!&t$r !&t$& $ctitud!& con !duc$ción6 !& d!cir6 di'undi!ndo conoci(i!nto $c!rc$ d!% i()$cto 4u! %$ b$&ur$ ti!n! !n %$ !co%o#+$1 En nu!&tro ti!()o !& co(,n !ncontr$r&! con ni7o& o #!nt! o"!n 4u! ti!n! un$ conci!nci$ (8& cr+tic$ d! %o 4u! &i#ni'ic$ %$ b$&ur$ !n
L$ %!- d! r!&iduo& d!'in! 4u! r!&iduo !& cu$%4ui!r &u&t$nci$ u ob!to )!rt!n!ci!nt! $ cu$%4ui!r c$t!#or+$ 4u! 'i#ur! !n !% $n!0o d! !&t$ %!-6 %$ cu$% !% )o&!!dor &! d!&)r!nd$6 t!n#$ int!nción u ob%i#$ción d! d!&)r!nd!r&!1 D! !&t$ ($n!r$ &! inc%u-! !n %$ %!- %$ r!&)on&$bi%id$d 4u! con%%!"$ #!n!r$r r!&iduo&1 L$ !&c$&!* d! ($t!ri$& )ri($& $&+ co(o %$ )rot!cción $% (!dio $(bi!nt! &on r$*on!& )$r$ inc%in$r&! )or !% r!cic%$do6 &in !(b$r#o d! tod$ t5cnic$ d! $)ro"!c.$(i!nto &i!()r! "$ 4u!d$r $%#o 4u! no &! "$ )od!r r!cic%$r6 un$ )$rt! 4u! d!b!r8 &!r tr$t$d$ con un$ t5cnic$ d! !%i(in$ción1 T$(bi5n T$(bi5n !& ci!rto 4u! %$& t5cnic$& d! $)ro"!c.$(i!nto &i!()r! &on (8& co&to&$& -$ 4u! r!4ui!r!n d! un$ t!cno%o#+$ (8& &o'i&tic$d$ - d! ($-or!& in&t$%$cion!& - 4u! %$ c$ntid$d d! b$&ur$ 4u! &! #!n!r$ !& t$% 4u! no d$ ti!()o $ r!cic%$r%$ &in !"it$r 4u! &! $cu(u%!1 L$ r!co#id$ &!%!cti"$6 !& d!cir6 %$ &!)$r$ción d! %o& r!&iduo& !n ori#!n6 d!b! &!r )ro(o"id$ )or %o& di&tinto& )u!b%o&6 !n b!n!'icio d!% (!dio $(bi!nt!6 con"irti5ndo&! !n un$ co&tu(br! !% r!cic%$r6 d! !&t$ ($n!r$ d!$r!(o& d! &!r !&c%$"o& d! nu!&tr$ )ro)i$ b$&ur$ - )odr!(o& no &ó%o d!&!nt!nd!rno& d! %$ b$&ur$ 4u! )roduci(o& &ino &$b!r 4u! $4u!%%o 4u! .!(o& con&u(ido no& )roducir8 !% (!nor )!ruicio )o&ib%!1 E% r!cic%$do6 $&+ co(o %$ r!cu)!r$ción d! ($t!ri$& )ri($&6 &on t5cnic$& n!c!&$ri$& )$r$ %%!"$r $ c$bo %o 4u! d!no(in$(o& un d!&$rro%%o &o&t!nib%!6 &in !(b$r#o !n !% c$&o d! %o& r!&iduo&6 co(o !n otro& t$nto&6 %o& int!r!&!& d! %$& !()r!&$& d!dic$d$& $ %o& tr$t$(i!nto d! b$&ur$ &! contr$)on!n con %o& int!r!&!& d! %o& d!'!n&or!& d!% (!dio $(bi!nt!6 ($nt!ni!ndo $ %$ #!nt! !n un )!r'!cto !&t$do d! d!&in'or($ción6 $du%8ndo%!& con %$ '$ci%id$d d! $rro$r cu$%4ui!r d!&)!rdicio $ %$ (i&($ bo%&$6 &in .$b%$r%!& d! %$& con&!cu!nci$& 4u! !%%o #!n!r$6 con&i#u!n un d+$ tr$& otro b!n!'ici$r&! d! &u dict$dur$ d!% d!rroc.!1 S! c$%cu%$ 4u! c$d$ )!r&on$ )roduc! un$ (!di$ d! 9 :#1 D! b$&ur$ $% d+$1 L$ ($-or+$ d! %o& r!&iduo& &ó%ido& urb$no& 4u! )roduci(o& !&t8 con&tituid$ )or ($t!ri$%!& 4u! )u!d!n &!r c%$&i'ic$do& con '$ci%id$d/ )$)!%6 c$rtón6 "idrio6 )%8&tico&6 tr$)o&6 ($t!ri$ or#8nic$ ! inor#8nic$6 !tc1 OBJETIVO GENERAL Ant!& 4u! n$d$ !& n!c!&$rio .$c!r $%#uno& &!7$%$(i!nto& $c!rc$ d!% t!($ d! in"!&ti#$ción 4u! &! &u#i!r!6 cu-o t+tu%o !& ;L$ B$&ur$ R!cic%$b%! !n %o& Munici)io& d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!& En )ri(!r t5r(ino t!n!(o& 4u! $c%$r$r 4u! !% conc!)to ;b$&ur$; !&t8 d!'inido !n $%#uno& diccion$rio& co(o ;&uci!d$d;6 ;r!&iduo d!&!c.$do; - ;co&$ r!)u#n$ nt! o d!&)r!ci$b%!;1 No ob&t$nt!6 !&t$& d!'inicion!& !nci!rr$n !n &+ (i&($& $ctitud!& 4u! d!&!&ti($n !% #r$n t!($ d! %$ b$&ur$1 A %$ b$&ur$ %$ .!(o& conc!)tu$%i*$do co(o $%#o d!&)!cti"o6 4u! c$r!c! d! "$%or - d! %$ 4u! .$- 4u! d!&.$c!r&!1 Ant! !&to6 t!n!(o& 4u! &!7$%$r%o6 !% &i&t!($ d! !duc$ción t$nto !n nu!&tro )$+& co(o !n otro& )$+&!&6 .$ tr$t$do d! contr$rr!&t$r !&t$& $ctitud!& con !duc$ción6 !& d!cir6 di'undi!ndo conoci(i!nto $c!rc$ d!% i()$cto 4u! %$ b$&ur$ ti!n! !n %$ !co%o#+$1 En nu!&tro ti!()o !& co(,n !ncontr$r&! con ni7o& o #!nt! o"!n 4u! ti!n! un$ conci!nci$ (8& cr+tic$ d! %o 4u! &i#ni'ic$ %$ b$&ur$ !n
nu!&tro !ntorno6 %o cu$% !& un bu!n )rinci)io1 Sin !(b$r#o6 !% t!($ d! %$ b$&ur$ - &u )rob%!(8tic$ !n #!n!r$% &on t!($& d! %o& 4u! di$ri$(!nt! &! d$ cu!nt$ !n %o& (!dio& d! co(unic$ción1 D! $cu!rdo con %$& in'or($cion!& di'undid$& !n !&to& (!dio&6 %$ b$&ur$ !& un )rob%!($ 4u! &i no &! $ti!nd! corr!ct$(!nt! - con %$ )riorid$d $d!cu$d$ )u!d! &!r un$ bo%$ d! ni!"! d! di(!n&ion!& d!&conocid$&1 A %$ b$&ur$ %$ )od!(o& c%$&i'ic$r !n tr!& #ru)o&/ 9< b$&ur$ or#8nic$6 4u! conti!n! r!&to& d! or#$ni&(o& "i"o&6 =< b$&ur$ inor#8nic$6 4u! conti!n! (in!r$%!& - r!&to& d! )roducto& &int5tico&6 - >< d!&!c.o& &$nit$rio&6 con'or($d$ )or $4u!%%$ b$&ur$ 4u! d!&!c.$n .o&)it$%!& )rinci)$%(!nt! - !& $%t$(!nt! tó0ic$1 En !&t$ in"!&ti#$ción no& r!'!rir!(o& )$rticu%$r(!nt! $ %$ b$&ur$ inor#8nic$ co()u!&t$ d! ($t!ri$% &int5tico6 concr!t$(!nt! di"!r&o& )%8&tico& 4u! )u!d!n &!r r!cic%$do&1 Por todo %o $nt!rior !&t$(o& !n condicion!& d! !nunci$r nu!&tro ob!ti"o #!n!r$%6 - 4u! !& !% d! ;#!n!r$r $ctitud!& !n %$ )ob%$ción !n #!n!r$% )$r$ incr!(!nt$r &u conoci(i!nto !n cu$nto $ %$ b$&ur$ 4u! )u!d! &!r r!cic%$d$;1 P$r$ cu()%ir !&t! ob!ti"o #!n!r$% &! )r!t!nd! n!c!&$ri$(!nt! cu()%ir !n 'or($ )$r$%!%$ %o& &i#ui!nt!& ob!ti"o& !&)!c+'ico&6 - 4u! &on/ Id!nti'ic$r %o& '$ctor!& 4u! condicion$n %$& $ctitud!& d! %$ )ob%$ción r!&)!cto $ %$ b$&ur$ r!cic%$b%!1 J!r$r4ui*$r %$ i()ort$nci$ d! dic.o& '$ctor!& )$r$ &u#!rir %+n!$& d! tr$b$o )$r$ #!n!r$r nu!"$& $ctitud!& !n %$ )ob%$ción r!&)!cto $ %$ b$&ur$ r!cic%$b%!1 Pro)orcion$r !%!(!nto& d! uicio )$r$ 'und$(!nt$r (!did$& o $ccion!& cu%tur$%!& o d! #obi!rno t!ndi!nt!& $ conci!nti*$r $ %$ )ob%$ción &obr! !% r!cic%$(i!nto d! %$ b$&ur$1 Obt!n!r - o'r!c!r in'or($ción )$r$ contribuir $ 'or($r un$ conci!nci$ co%!cti"$ d!% )rob%!($ d! %$ b$&ur$ - &u r!cic%$do1
JUSTIFICACI3N Aun$do $ %$ din8(ic$ d! cr!ci(i!nto d!(o#r8'ico d!(o#r8'ico d! %$ )ob%$ción6 un$ d! %$& con&!cu!nci$& 4u! tr$! con&i#o !% )roc!&o d! ;#%ob$%i*$ción; !n !% 4u! &! !ncu!ntr$n in(i&cuid$& tod$& %o& &oci!d$d!& d!% orb!6 !& !% d! 4u! $ (!did$ 4u! &! indu&tri$%i*$n dic.$& &oci!d$d!& &! #!n!r$ !n 'or($ )ro)orcion$% %$ )roducción d! b$&ur$6 t$nto b$&ur$ or#8nic$ ! inor#8nic$ co(o d!&!c.o& tó0ico&1 L$ )ob%$ción 4u! .$bit$ %$& ciud$d!& d! dic.$& &oci!d$d!& )u!d! )!rcibir con cr!ci!nt! ($%!&t$r !% incr!(!nto d! %o& )rob%!($& r!%$cion$do& con %$ 'or($ !n 4u! !& tr$t$d$ %$ b$&ur$6 d!&d! %o& in&u'ici!nt!& c$(ion!& r!co%!ctor!&6 .$&t$ !% tr$t$(i!nto no (!tódico d! %$ (i&($1 ?!c.o& 4u! &! tr$duc!n !n )rob%!($& r!%$cion$do& con in&$%ubrid$d6 !n'!r(!d$d!& in'!ctocont$#io&$&6 )obr!*$6 ($r#in$%id$d6 !tc1
Aun4u! !& r!%$ti"$(!nt! '8ci% cu$nti'ic$r !% n,(!ro d! ton!%$d$& d! b$&ur$ 4u! &! )roduc!n6 %o& d$to& di&)onib%!& r!"!%$n %$ i()ort$nci$ r!%$ti"$ 4u! &i#ni'ic$ tr$t$r d! .$%%$r un$ &o%ución conunt$ $ %$ )rob%!(8tic$ 4u! r!)r!&!nt$ %$ b$&ur$6 !&to !&6 4u! %$ c$ntid$d d! b$&ur$ cr!c!6 )!ro %o& !&)$cio& )$r$ $%($c!n$r%$ no6 4u! %$ b$&ur$ $cu(u%$d$ !n #r$nd!& c$ntid$d!& )u!d! $'!ct$r !% $ir!6 !% $#u$ d! %o& r+o&6 !% $#u$ d! %o& ($nto& 4u! uti%i*$(o& )$r$ con&u(o .u($no - !% &u!%o d! %$& ti!rr$& d! cu%ti"o6 !ntr! otro& )rob%!($&1 En nu!&tro& (unici)io& !& r!%$ti"$(!nt! nu!"o !% 4u! &! )r!t!nd$ introducir un$ nu!"$ cu%tur$ )$r$ tr$t$r %$ b$&ur$6 co(o !& !% d! c%$&i'ic$r %o& d!&)!rdicio& d! $cu!rdo $ %$ c%$&i'ic$ción &!7$%$d$ %+n!$& $tr8&1 Sin !(b$r#o6 r!&)!cto $ %$ b$&ur$ inor#8nic$ 4u! )u!d! &!r r!cic%$d$6 4u! !& !% t!($ #!n!r$% d!% )r!&!nt! tr$b$o6 !& n!c!&$rio conci!nti*$r - &!n&ibi%i*$r $ %$ )ob%$ción )$r$ 4u! &! cono*c$ 4u! dic.$ b$&ur$ )u!d! t!n!r di"!r&$& uti%id$d!& $nt!& d! d!&!c.$r&! co()%!t$(!nt!6 %o cu$% i()$ct$r+$ d! di"!r&$& 'or($& $ %$ co(unid$d/ d!&d! cr!$r !()%!o !n %$ r!co%!cción6 (!or$ d!% &!r"icio ),b%ico d! %i()i$ ),b%ic$ - r!cic%$do d! %$ b$&ur$ inor#8nic$6 .$&t$ r!)!rcutir !n %$ c$%id$d d! "id$ d! %$ )ob%$ción (i&($1 Por todo %o $nt!rior6 $un4u! !&t! !& un !&'u!r*o (od!&to )or contribuir $ (!or$r %$ )rob%!(8tic$ d! %$ b$&ur$ !n nu!&tro& (unici)io&6 %$& id!$& $4u+ !0)r!&$d$& &u&t!nt$n %$ r!$%i*$ción d! !&t$ in"!&ti#$ción1 PREGUNTAS CENTRALES @u5 !& b$&ur$ @u5 !& r!cic%$r @R!$%(!nt! L$ b$&ur$ !& un )rob%!($ !n nu!&tro )$+& @u5 t$nto &$b! %$ )ob%$ción &obr! !% t!($ GENERALIDADES Ciud$d!& co(o %$ d! M50ico6 )roduc!n !nor(!& c$ntid$d!& d! b$&ur$ di$ri$(!nt!1 E&t$ )roducción $u(!nt$ c$d$ $7o6 no $&+ %$& (!did$& - %$& t5cnic$& )$r$ ($n!$r%$1 ?$&t$ .$c! &ó%o > $7o& %$ )roducción d! d!&!c.o& &ó%ido& )or .$bit$nt! d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!& d! 1= $ 1 :#1 di$rio&6 )or .$bit$nt!6 .o- )u!d! $%c$n*$r .$&t$ 91= con un )ro(!dio !n !% di&trito 1=1 No &ó%o &! tr$t$ d! un incr!(!nto !n %$ c$ntid$d &ino t$(bi5n d! un c$(bio i()ort$nt! !n %$ c$%id$d1 Mi!ntr$& $nt!& &! tr$t$b$ d! un "o%u(!n )riorit$ri$(!nt! 'or($do )or d!&!c.o& or#8nico& .o- &on "o%u(ino&o& - cr!ci!nt!(!nt! no biod!#r$d$b%!&6 con un ($-or cont!nido d! &u&t$nci$& tó0ic$&1 Entr! %o& d!&!c.o& indu&tri$%!& d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!&6 .$- (8& d! un d! ($t!ri$%!& ri!&#o&o&6 &in 4u! &! .$#$ %o &u'ici!nt! )$r$ tr$t$r%o& $nt!& d! 4u! %%!#u!n $% (!dio $(bi!nt!1
@U ES LA CONTAMINACI3N L$ cont$(in$ción !& %$ introducción !n un (!dio cu$%4ui!r$ d! un cont$(in$nt!6 !& d!cir6 %$ introducción d! cu$%4ui!r &u&t$nci$ o 'or($ d! !n!r#+$ con )ot!nci$% )$r$ )ro"oc$r d$7o&6 irr!"!r&ib%!& o no6 !n !% (!dio inici$%1 S! d!no(in$ cont$(in$ción $(bi!nt$% $ %$ )r!&!nci$ !n !% $(bi!nt! d! cu$%4ui!r $#!nt! H'+&ico6 4u+(ico o bio%ó#ico< o bi!n d! un$ co(bin$ción d! "$rio& $#!nt!& !n %u#$r!&6 'or($& - conc!ntr$cion!& t$%!& 4u! &!$n o )u!d$n &!r noci"o& )$r$ %$ &$%ud6 %$ &!#urid$d o )$r$ !% bi!n!&t$r d! %$ )ob%$ción6 o bi!n6 4u! )u!d$n &!r )!rudici$%!& )$r$ %$ "id$ "!#!t$% o $ni($%6 o i()id$n !% u&o nor($% d! %$& )ro)i!d$d!& - %u#$r!& d! r!cr!$ción #oc! d! %o& (i&(o&1 L$ cont$(in$ción $(bi!nt$% !& t$(bi5n %$ incor)or$ción $ %o& cu!r)o& r!c!)tor!& d! &u&t$nci$& &ó%id$&6 %i4uid$& o #$&!o&$&6 o (!*c%$& d! !%%$&6 &i!()r! 4u! $%t!r!n d!&'$"or$b%!(!nt! %$& condicion!& n$tur$%!& d!% (i&(o6 o 4u! )u!d$n $'!ct$r %$ &$%ud6 %$ .i#i!n! o !% bi!n!&t$r d!% ),b%ico1 Pod!(o& conc%uir 4u! %$ cont$(in$ción !&/ E& !n&uci$r )$rt! d!% $(bi!nt! 4u! no& rod!$6 !n"!n!n$r%o1 E& $%t!r$r %o& cic%o& nor($%!& d! %$ n$tur$%!*$1 Ro()!r %$& c$d!n$& $%i(!ntici$& - )ri"$r d! o0+#!no $ %o& &!r!& "i"o&1 A U LLAMAMOS CONTAMINANTES E& tod$ ($t!ri$ o !n!r#+$ !n cu$%4ui!r$ d! &u& !&t$do& '+&ico&6 4u! $%t!r! o (odi'i4u! %$ co()o&ición - condición n$tur$% d!% $(bi!nt!1 E!()%o& d! cont$(in$nt!&/ $ir!6 ti!rr$6 $#u$6 &!r!& "i"o&1 CLASIFICACI3N DE LOS CONTAMINANTES Lo& cont$(in$nt!& &! c%$&i'ic$n !n cinco c%$&!& d! $cu!rdo $ &u& !&t$do& '+&ico& 'or($%!&1 S3LIDOS/ )o%"o6 c!ni*$&6 r!&iduo&6 d!&)!rdicio&6 b$&ur$6 d!t!r#!nt!&6 '!rti%i*$nt!&6 )%$#uicid$&6 c.$t$rr$1 LUIDOS/ $#u$& r!&idu$%!&6 $#u$& n!#r$&6 $c!it!&6 )!tró%!o crudo6 '!rti%i*$nt!&6 )%$#uicid$&1 GASEOSOS/ .u(o6 #$&!&6 in&!cticid$& - $!ro&o%!&1 BIOL3GICOS/ (icroor#$ni&(o& !n #!n!r$% Hb$ct!ri$6 "iru&6 .on#o&<1 ENERGA/ c$%or6 r$dio$cti"id$d6 ruido6 r!&iduo& n$tur$%!&1
Lo& cont$(in$nt!& t$(bi5n &! c%$&i'ic$n d! $cu!rdo $ &u '$ci%id$d d! d!#r$d$ción !n/ DEGRADACI3N RPIDA/ &on $4u!%%o& 4u! $% !ntr$r !n cont$cto con !% $(bi!nt!6 cont$(in$n )or un ti!()o br!"!6 !!()%o/ b$&ur$6 $#u$& n!#r$&1 DEGRADACI3N LENTA/ &on $4u!%%o& 4u! )or &u !&tructur$ no )!r(it!n un$ tr$n&'or($ción in(!di$t$1 E!()%o&/ r!&iduo& nuc%!$r!&6 in&!cticid$&6 $c!it!&6 )!tró%!o1 SICOPAT3GENOS/ &on $4u!%%$& ($ni'!&t$cion!& 4u! d$7$n %$ &$%ud d!% .o(br!6 )!rturb$ndo &u !&tructur$ or#8nic$ - &i&t!($ n!r"io&1 E!()%o&/ !% ruido )roduc! $n#u&ti$6 in!&t$bi%id$d - (odi'ic$ !% (!dio1 CLASIFICACI3N EN FUNCI3N DEL MEDIO AFECTADO Cont$(in$ción $t(o&'5ric$/ d!bid$ $ %$& !(i&ion!& !n %$ $t(ó&'!r$ t!rr!&tr!1 Lo& cont$(in$nt!& )rinci)$%!& &on %o& )roducto& d! )r oc!&o& d! co(bu&tión con"!ncion$% !n $cti"id$d!& d! tr$n&)ort!6 indu&tri$%!&6 #!n!r$ción d! !n!r#+$ !%5ctric$ - c$%!'$cción do(5&tic$6 %$ !"$)or$ción d! di&o%"!nt!& or#8nico& - %$& !(i&ion!& d! o*ono - 'r!on!&1 Cont$(in$ción d!% (!dio .+drico/ r!'i!r! $ %$ )r!&!nci$ d! cont$(in$nt!& !n !% $#u$ Hr+o&6 ($r!& - $#u$& &ubt!rr8n!$&<1 Lo& cont$(in$nt!& )rinci)$%!& &on %o& "!rtido& d! d!&!c.o& indu&tri$%!& H)r!&!nci$ d! (!t$%!& - !"$cu$ción d! $#u$& $ !%!"$d$ t!()!r$tur$< - d! $#u$& &!r"id$& H&$n!$(i!nto d! )ob%$cion!&<1 Cont$(in$ción d!% &u!%o/ r!'i!r! $ %$ )r!&!nci$ d! cont$(in$nt!& !n !% &u!%o6 )rinci)$%(!nt! d!bido& $ $cti"id$d!& indu&tri$%!& H$%($c!n!&6 "!rtido& i%!#$%!&<6 "!rtido d! r!&iduo& &ó%ido& urb$no&6 )roducto& 'ito&$nit$rio& !()%!$do& !n $#ricu%tur$ H$bono& '!rti%i*$nt!& 4u+(ico&< - )urin!& d! %$& $cti"id$d!& #$n$d!r$&1 CONCEPTO DE BASURA ETIOLOGA L$ )$%$br$ b$&ur$ )ro"i!n! d!% %$t+n K"!r&r$6 d!ri"$do d! "!rrr!6 4u! &i#ni'ic$ ;b$rr!r;1 Por !&to &! )u!d! d!cir 4u! !% &i#ni'ic$do ori#in$% 'u! ;%o 4u! &! .$ b$rrido;1
L$ b$&ur$ con&titu-! un )rob%!($ )$r$ (uc.$& &oci!d$d!&6 &obr! todo )$r$ %$& #r$nd!& ciud$d!& $&+ co(o )$r$ !% conunto d! %$ )ob%$ción d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!&1 D!bido $ 4u! %$ &obr!)ob%$ción6 %$& $cti"id$d!& .u($n$& (od!rn$& - !% con&u(i&(o .$n $cr!c!nt$do (uc.o %$ c$ntid$d d! b$&ur$ 4u! #!n!r$(o& %o $nt!rior unto con !% in!'ici!nt! ($n!o 4u! &! .$c! d! %$ b$&ur$ )ro"oc$ )rob%!($& t$%!& co(o %$ cont$(in$ción6 4u! r!&u(! )rob%!($& d! &$%ud - d$7o $% (!dio $(bi!nt! $d!(8& d! )ro"oc$r con'%icto& &oci$%!& - )o%+tico&1 L$ b$&ur$ !& 4u!($d$ o %%!"$d$ $ tir$d!ro&6 %o 4u! con&titu-! d! un$ u otr$ 'or($ un conunto d! )rob%!($& d! di"!r&$ +ndo%!1 Ant!& d! con"!rtir&! !n b$&ur$6 %o& r!&iduo& .$n &ido ($t!ri$& )ri($& 4u! !n &u )roc!&o d! !0tr$cción6 &on )or %o #!n!r$%6 )roc!d!nt!& d! )$+&!& !n d!&$rro%%o1 En %$ )roducción -
con&u(o6 &! .$ !()%!$do !n!r#+$ - $#u$1 Y &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!&6 4u! &on ,nic$(!nt! !% = d! %$ )ob%$ción6 con&u(!n (8& d!% d! %o& r!cur&o& n$tur$%!& - !n!r#5tico& d!% di&trito L$ &obr!!0)%ot$ción d! %o& r!cur&o& n$tur$%!& - !% incr!(!nto d! %$ cont$(in$ción6 $(!n$*$n %$ c$)$cid$d r!#!n!r$ti"$ d! %o& &i&t!($& n$tur$%!&1 L$ b$&ur$ !& todo $4u!%%o con&id!r$do co(o d!&!c.o - 4u! &! n!c!&it$ !%i(in$r1 L$ b$&ur$ !& un )roducto d! %$& $cti"id$d!& .u($n$& $% cu$% &! %! con&id!r$ &in "$%or6 r!)u#n$nt! ! ind!&!$b%! )or %o cu$% nor($%(!nt! &! %! incin!r$ o &! %! co%oc$ !n %u#$r!& )r!d!&tin$do& )$r$ %$ r!co%!cción )$r$ &!r c$n$%i*$d$ $ tir$d!ro& o "!rt!d!ro&6 r!%%!no& &$nit$rio& u otro %u#$r1 CLASIFICACI3N DE LA BASURA Por &u co()o&ición B$&ur$ or#8nic$1 E& todo d!&!c.o d! ori#!n bio%ó#ico6 $%#un$ "!* !&tu"o "i"o o 'u! )$rt! d! un &!r "i"o6 )or !!()%o/ .o$&6 r$($&6 c8&c$r$& - &!(i%%$& d! 'rut$&6 .u!&o& - &obr$& d! $ni($%!&6 !tc1 B$&ur$ inor#8nic$1 E& todo d!&!c.o d! ori#!n no bio%ó#ico6 !& d!cir6 d! ori#!n indu&tri$% o $%#,n otro )roc!&o no n$tur$%6 )or !!()%o/ )%8&tico6 t!%$& &int5tic$&6 !tc1 D!&!c.o& )!%i#ro&o&1 E& todo d!&!c.o6 -$ &!$ d! ori#!n bio%ó#ico o no6 4u! con&titu-! un )!%i#ro )ot!nci$% - )or %o cu$% d!b! &!r tr$t$do co(o t$%6 )or !!()%o/ ($t!ri$% (5dico in'!ccio&o6 ($t!ri$% r$di$cti"o6 8cido& - &u&t$nci$& 4u+(ic$& corro&i"$&6 !tc1
TIPOS DE BASURA S! )u!d!n di&tin#uir &!i& #ru)o& d! b$&ur$ inor#8nic$ )roducid$ !n !% .o#$r/ P$)!%6 c$rtón6 !n"$&!& d! %!c.!6 )!riódico1 M!t$% - %$t$&1 Bo%&$& d! t!%$ )%8&tic$1 Bot!%%$& - "idrio1 En"$&!& - bot!%%$& d! )%8&tico1 Ro)$ "i!$ - tr$)o&1
A% tir$r&! todo d! ($n!r$ d!&ord!n$d$6 (!*c%8ndo%o $d!(8& con d!&)!rdicio& or#8nico&6 %$ b$&ur$ &! "u!%"! &uci$6 ($% o%i!nt! - )!%i#ro&$ )$r$ %$ &$%ud1 Su d!&tino &on %o& tir$d!ro&6 !n dond! %o& d!&.!c.o& inor#8nico& )u!d!n 4u!d$r !nt!rr$do& &in d!&co()on!r&! dur$nt! ci!nto& d! $7o&1 En $%#uno& tir$d!ro&6 %o& )roducto& inor#8nico& &on &!)$r$do& - c%$&i'ic$do& )$r$ %%!"$r&! $ %$& r!cic%$dor$& indu&tri$%!&1
B$&ur$ or#8nic$/ L$ B$&ur$ )ro"i!n! d! %o& &!r!& "i"o&6 d! )%$nt$& o d! $ni($%!&6 !& d!cir6 d! %o& or#$ni&(o&1 IMPACTO DE LA BASURA Indi&cutib%!(!nt! %$ b$&ur$ !& un #r$n )rob%!($ $nt! nu!&tr$ &oci!d$d6 )or4u! no&otro& (i&(o& no &$b!(o& có(o contro%$r%$6 &!)$r$r ni r!cic%$r nu!&tr$ b$&ur$6 &in d$rno& cu!nt$ no& .!(o& !&t$do )!rudic$ndo $ no&otro& (i&(o&6 tr$-!ndo con&i#o di'!r!nt!& ti)o& d! !n'!r(!d$d!&6 )%$#$&6 .!(o& cont$(in$do con&i#o nu!&tro& r+o&6 ($r!& !% $ir! 4u! r!&)ir$(o& -$ no !& t$n &$%ud$b%! - %o 4u! !& )!or $,n nu!&tr$& ciud$d!& &uci$&6 $d!(8& uno d! %o& !'!cto& irr!(!di$b%!& !& !% d!bi%it$(i!nto d! %$ c$)$ d! o*ono6 4u! )rot!#! $ %o& &!r!& "i"o& d! %$ r$di$ción u%tr$"io%!t$ d!% So%1 L$(!nt$b%!(!nt! %$ .u($nid$d no &! .$ con&id!r$do co(o )$rt! d! %$ n$tur$%!*$ ni d!% (!dio $(bi!nt! )or 4u! no to($(o& conci!nci$ - no (!di(o& !% d$7o 4u! !% .$c!(o& $ nu!&tro )%$n!t$ - !% d$7o 4u! no& .$c!(o& no&otro& (i&(o& -$ 4u! !& !% &itio !n !% 4u! "i"i(o&1
D!&trui(o& .$bit$& n$tur$%!& &in )$r$rno& $ )!n&$r 4u5 con%%!"$ &u d!&trucción1 Lo ci!rto !& 4u! &o(o& cu%)$b%!& -6 $ %$ "!*6 "+cti($&1 E% )ri(!r )$&o 4u! d!b!(o& d$r !& conci!nci$r $ nu!&tr$ &oci!d$d6 %$ n!c!&id$d d! r!&)!t$r nu!&tro !ntorno (8& in(!di$to r!duci!ndo %$ b$&ur$ 4u! &! )roduc!6 %i(it$r !% u&o d! ($t!ri$%!& )!r!c!d!ro& co(o !% $#u$ o %o& )roducto& 4u! cont!n#$n #$&!&6 cuid$r %$ '%or$6 %$ '$un$ - d! tu )ro)i$ ciud$d6 inc%u-!ndo $ni($%!& do(5&tico&6 !tc1 - tr$b$$r %o& )rinci)$%!& )rob% !($& (!dio$(bi!nt$%!& d!% )%$n!t$1 En %$& ciud$d!& %$ b$&ur$ %%!"$ &i!ndo un )rob%!($ c$&i d!&d! !% ori#!n d! 5&t$&6 d!bido $ %$ $%t$ d!n&id$d d! )ob%$ción - $% .!c.o d! $rro$r %$ b$&ur$ $ %$& c$%%!&1 E&to .$ )roducido %$ )ro%i'!r$ción d! in&!cto&6 ro!dor!& - (icroor#$ni&(o& )$tó#!no&1 Un ($% &i&t!($ d! #!&tión d! %$& b$&ur$&6 )roducir8 un d!t!rioro - d!)r!ci$ción d!% !ntorno d!bido $ %$ cont$(in$ción d!% $ir!6 d!% $#u$ - d!% &u!%o - %$ )5rdid$ d! ti!rr$& $#r+co%$&1 Un$ '$(i%i$ urb$n$ )ro(!dio H4u! con&t$ d! )!r&on$&< )roduc! un (!tro c,bico d! b$&ur$6 %o 4u! &! tr$duc! !n t5r(ino& d! %$ ciud$d !nt!r$6 !n tr!& (i%%on!& d! (!tro& c,bico&1 Por otro %$do6 )!r&i&t!n %o& d!)ó&ito& d! b$&ur$ &in contro%6 &! .$b%$ d! c!rc$ d! &!i& (i% tir$d!ro& c%$nd!&tino& !n %ot!& b$%d+o&1 TONELADAS DE BASURA UE SE PRODUCE EN DIVERSOS MBITOS S! c$%cu%$ 4u! c$d$ )!r&on$ )roduc! un$ (!di$ d! 9 #1 D! b$&ur$ $% d+$1 T!ni!ndo !n cu!nt$ 4u! %$ )ob%$ción d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!& !& $)ro0i($d$(!nt! d! >=6Q> .$bit$nt!& )or !% INEI L$ ($-or+$ d! %o& r!&iduo& &ó%ido& urb$no& 4u! )roduci(o& !&t8 con&tituid$ )or ($t!ri$%!& 4u! )u!d!n &!r c%$&i'ic$do& con '$ci%id$d co(o %o "!ni(o& !nunci$ndo/ )$)!%6 c$rtón6 "idrio6 )%8&tico&6 tr$)o&6 ($t!ri$ or#8nic$6 !tc1 INDUSTRIA DE LA BASURA
L$ &o%ución )$r$ !% di&trito d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!& co(o !n otro& di&trito&6 !& !% con"!rtir %$ #!&tión d! %$ b$&ur$ !n un$ indu&tri$ 4u! tr$!r+$ #r$nd!& b!n!'icio& !ntr! !%%o&6 %$ di&(inución - corr!ct$ &!)$r$ción d! %o& d!&.!c.o&6 !% cuid$do d! %o& ($nto& 'r!8tico&6 '$un$ - '%or$ d! %$ ciud$d6 %$ #!n!r$ción d! 'u!nt!& d! tr$b$o Hdond! &! in&!rt$r+$ %$ ($no d! obr$ d! %o& )!)!n$dor!&<6 - %$ cr!$ción d! !()r!&$& n$cion$%!&1 • •
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Un$ c$()$7$ n$cion$% d! di'u&ión6 co(unic$ción - !duc$ción &obr! !% t!($ L$ !%$bor$ción d!% )ri(!r Pro#r$($ N$cion$% )$r$ !% M$n!o Int!#r$% d! R!&iduo& Só%ido& (unici)$%!&6 indu&tri$%!& - )!%i#ro&o& 4u! )!r(itir8 un ir - coordin$r %o& !&'u!r*o& d! %o& tr!& ni"!%!& d! #obi!rno - %o& tr!& &!ctor!& d! %$ &oci!d$d E% 'o(!nto - $)o-o )$r$ %$ con&trucción d! in'r$!&tructur$ - !% !4ui)$(i!nto 4u! )!r(it$n (ini(i*$r6 r!co%!ct$r6 tr$n&)ort$r6 tr$t$r6 r!cic%$r6 - di&)on!r !n 'or($ &!#ur$ %o& r!&iduo& &ó%ido& !n todo !% )$+& Y !% d!&$rro%%o d! un ($rco r!#u%$torio - d! in&tru(!nto& d! 'o(!nto 4u! 'ort$%!*c$ %$& c$)$cid$d!& !n %o& tr!& ni"!%!& d! #obi!rno )$r$ )ro)ici$r %$ )$rtici)$ción $cti"$ d! %$ &oci!d$d - %$ indu&tri$1
L$ Cru*$d$ )or &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!& Li()io !& un$ inici$ti"$ Pr!&id!nci$% 4u! !n =9 %$n*ó %$ (unici)$%id$d d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!&6 - 4u! )or &u n$tur$%!*$ !& ($n!$d$ )or %$ S!cr!t$r+$ d!% M!dio A(bi!nt! - R!cur&o& N$tur$%!&1 E& un !&'u!r*o )$r$ (oti"$r - co()ro(!t!r $ todo& %o& &!ctor!& d! %$ )ob%$ción !n %$ %i()i!*$6 &$n!$(i!nto - !% (!or$(i!nto d! %$ i($#!n d!% !ntorno di&trito d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!&6 $ctu$%(!nt! $'!ct$do )or !% ($n!o in$d!cu$do d! %$ b$&ur$1 IMPACTO ECOL3GICO
En !% (!dio nunc$ 'u! un "!rd$d!ro )rob%!($6 )u!& %o& r!&iduo& or#8nico& &!#u+$n !% cic%o d! %$ "id$ &ir"i!ndo d! $bono o d! $%i(!nto )$r$ $ni($%!&6 %o& "!rtido& $rro$do& $ %o& r+o& !r$n d!)ur$do& )or %$& )ro)i$& $#u$&6 !% #r$n )od!r d!)ur$dor d! %$ n$tur$%!*$ tod$"+$ no .$b+$ &ido d!rrot$do )or !% $n&i$ d! )od!r d!% .o(br!1 Un ($% &i&t!($ d! #!&tión d! %$& b$&ur$&6 )roducir8 un d!t!rioro - d!)r!ci$ción d!% !ntorno d!bido $ %$ cont$(in$ción d!% $ir!6 d!% $#u$ - d!% &u!%o1 Lo& di'!r!nt!& tr$t$(i!nto& d! %o& R!&iduo& Só%ido& Urb$no&6 %o& )od!(o& c%$&i'ic$r !n t5cnic$& d! !%i(in$ción o !n t5cnic$& d! "$%ori*$ción6 !& d!cir6 !n %$ d!&$)$rición d! %o& r!&iduo& o !n con&!#uir un &!#undo u&o d! %o& (i&(o&1 A&+ t!ndr!(o& !n !% )ri(!ro $ %o& "!rt!d!ro&6 &$nit$ri$(!nt! contro%$do& - d!)ó&ito& d! &!#urid$d6 - $ %$& incin!r$dor$&6 -$ &!$n con o &in $)ro"!c.$(i!nto d! !n!r#+$1 Co(o t5cnic$& d! $)ro"!c.$(i!nto %$& t!n!(o& )or )roc!&o& 4u+(ico&6 bio4u+(ico&6 r!cic%$do - r!cu)!r$ción d! ($t!ri$%!&1 Sin !(b$r#o %$& t5cnic$& d! !%i(in$ción -$ &!$ )or "!rtido o )or incin!r$ción &i!()r! con%%!"$n un$ cont$(in$ción $% (!dio $(bi!nt!6 4u! &i bi!n !& "!rd$d 4u! !% ri!&#o d! cont$(in$ción &! )u!d! b$$r &i &! r!$%i*$ d! un$ 'or($ $d!cu$d$6 !&t! ri!&#o &i!()r! "$ $ !&t$r )r!&!nt! - &u di&(inución !nc$r!c!r8 !% tr$t$(i!nto )or %o 4u! $ "!c!& d!$ d! &!r r!nt$b%!1
E% c$%!nt$(i!nto #%ob$% )ro"oc$do )or !% $u(!nto d! %$ conc!ntr$ción d! CO= $t(o&'5rico 4u! $co()$7$ $ %$ co(bu&tión ($&i"$ d! ($t!ri$%!& 'ó&i%!&1 A%t!rn$ti"$ Si !n c$&$ c$d$ uno &!)$r$ - c%$&i'ic$ %o& d!&)!rdicio& )$r$ ($nd$r%o& $% r!cic%$! indu&tri$%6 &! !%i(in$ #r$n )$rt! d! %$ 'unción d! %o& tir$d!ro& d! b$&ur$1 Y &! !&t$r8 $-ud$ndo $ (!or$r %$& )r!c$ri$& condicion!& d!% (!dio $(bi!nt! Lo& )roducto& &!)$r$do&6 $d!(8& )odr+$n "!nd!r&! o $cu(u%$r&! !n c!ntro& d! $co)io "!cin$%!& )$r$ &u )o&t!rior r!uti%i*$ción indu&tri$%1 Lo& b!n!'icio& d! &u "!nt$ )u!d!n &!r (u- (od!&to&6 )!ro &i &! r!,n!n !n un c!ntro d! $co)io or#$ni*$do )or todo& %o& "!cino&6 )u!d!n &!r !&o& b!n!'icio& (uc.o (!or!& - d!&tin$r&! )$r$ obr$& &oci$%!& d!% #ru)o "!cin$%1 ?!(o& conocido #ru)o& d! "!cino& or#$ni*$do& )$r$ !% !'!cto6 d! t$% 'or($ 4u! !n unid$d!& .$bit$cion$%!& - !n condo(inio&6 (uc.o& #$&to& )$r$ ($nt!ni(i!nto d! %o& !di'icio& - r!(od!%$ción d! $rdin!& - 8r!$& d! u!#o6 .$n &$%ido d! %$ "!nt$ d! )!riódico& "i!o& - !n"$&!& d! )%8&tico1 ENFERMEDADES POR LA BASURA • • • • • • • •
Entr! $%#un$& !n'!r(!d$d!& %$& (8& co(un!& &on/ In'!ccion!& r!&)ir$tori$&1 In'!ccion!& int!&tin$%!&1 D!n#u! c%8&ico - d!n#u! .!(orr8#ico1 Otiti& (!di$ $#ud$1 Conunti"iti& c%8&ico .!(orr8#ico1 N!u(on+$& - broncon!u(on+$&1 Gri)!1
Into0ic$ción )or )%$#uicid$&1 E% !'!cto )!r&i&t!nt! d! %$ cont$(in$ción d!% $ir! r!&)ir$do6 !n un )roc!&o &i%!ncio&o d! $7o&6 conduc! 'in$%(!nt! $% d!&$rro%%o d! $'!ccion!& c$rdio"$&cu%$r!& $#ud$&6 co(o !% in'$rto1 A% in&)ir$r )$rt+cu%$& $(bi!nt$%!& con un di8(!tro (!nor d! =6 (icró(!tro&6 in#r!&$n !n %$& "+$& r!&)ir$tori$& (8& )!4u!7$& - %u!#o irrit$n %$& )$r!d!& $rt!ri$%!&1 Lo& in"!&ti#$dor!& .$%%$ron 4u! )or c$d$ $u(!nto d! 9 (icro#r$(o& )or (!tro c,bico d! !&$& )$rt+cu%$&6 %$ $%t!r$ción d! %$ )$r!d +nti($ (!di$ d! %$& $rt!ri$& $u(!nt$ un 6 )or ci!nto1 E% .u(o d!% t$b$co - !% 4u! !n #!n!r$% )ro"i!n! d! %o& c$7o& d! !&c$)! d! %o& $uto& )roduc!n %$ (i&($ c$ntid$d d! !&$& )$rt+cu%$&1 Nor($& !&trict$& d! $ir! %i()io contribuir+$n $ un$ (!or &$%ud con !'!cto& !n #r$n !&c$%$1 ORGANIACI3N DEL SANEAMIENTO AMBIENTAL EN NUESTRA SOCIEDAD1 D!&$'ortun$d$(!nt! !n nu!&tr$ &oci!d$d no t!n!(o& un contro% )$r$ %$ b$&ur$ )u!& todo %o 4u! )$r$ no&otro& no !& &!r"ib%! &i()%!(!nt! %$ d!&!c.$(o& &in )rocur$r tir$r%o !n di&tinto& bot!& co(o d!bi!r$ &!r6 !& d!cir c%$&i'ic$r%o6 tir$(o& tod$ %$ b$&ur$ !n un$ (i&($ bo%&$ 111 no &$b!(o& %o 4u! 4ui!r! d!cir &$n!$(i!nto $(bi!nt$% HConunto d!
t5cnic$& - !%!(!nto& d!&tin$do& $ 'o(!nt$r %$& condicion!& .i#i5nic$& !n un !di'icio6 d! un$ co(unid$d6 !tc1< 4u! $ #r$nd!& r$&#o& !&to no& b!n!'ici$6 )or4u! $)$rt! d! t!n!r nu!&tr$& c$%%!&6 co%oni$6 ciud$d!&6 !&t$do& - nu!&tro )$+& %i()io no& !"it$(o& !n'!r(!d$d!& 4u! )or d!&cuido no& oc$&ion$ %$ b$&ur$ )u!& &o%o no& !nc$r#$(o& d! !n&uci$r $ nu!&tro M50ico6 $tr!"i5ndono& d!cir 4u!ridoW t$n 4u!rido !& 4u! %o !n&uci$(o&6 d!&$'ortun$d$(!nt! %$ ($-or+$ d! %$& )!r&on$& no ti!n! !&$ cu%tur$ d! %i()i!*$ 4u! d!bi!r$6 con r!&)!cto $ %$ b$&ur$6 )u!& &! no& .$c! ($& '8ci% tir$r$ %o 4u! no& !&torb$ !n dond! 4ui!r$ -$ &!$ !n nu!&tr$& 8r!$& "!rd!&6 !n %$& c$%%!&6 !n %o& r+o& !tc1 T! in"it$(o& $ to($r conci!nci$W @T! #u&t$r+$ "i"ir !n un %u#$r %i()io A 4ui!n no "!rd$d - 4u! !&)!r$& )$r$ .$c!r%o !n tu& ($no& 4u!d$ 4u! todo !&to $c$b!W %o 4u! )odr+$& .$c!r !& or#$ni*$rt! con tu& "!cino& )$r$ ($nt!n!r )or %o (!no& tu& c$%%!& %i()i$& - no tir!& b$&ur$ !n %$& c$%%!& !&)!r$ %%!#$r $ tu c$&$ - tir$r%$ !n dond! !& d!bido11 Tr$t$ d! co()r$r &o%o %o indi&)!n&$b%!6 di no $% con&u(i&(o6 r!uti%i*$ %$& co&$& 4u! t! &ir"$n6 - &!)$r$ %$ b$&ur$ co(o &! indic$1 FUENTES DE PRODUCCI3N DE BASURA1 Sin dud$ %$#un$*o& r!&iduo& urb$no& &on %$ 'u!nt! ($&i"$ d! )roducción d! %$ b$&ur$6 &!#uid$& )or %$& indu&tri$&1 L$ c$%id$d - %$ c$ntid$d d! %o& r!&iduo& urb$no& &! r!%$cion$n dir!ct$(!nt! con !% ni"!% &ocio!conó(ico d! %$ )ob%$ción1 L$ con&i#n$ Xtodo& &o(o& )roductor!& d! b$&ur$ &o&ti!n! un$ r!$%id$d/ $)ro0i($d$(!nt! !n tr!& (!&!& c$d$ )!r&on$ )roduc! &u )ro)io )!&o !n b$&ur$ - !n &ó%o = d+$& &u "o%u(!n1 POLTICAS PZBLICAS DE RECOLECCI3N Y TRATAMIENTO DE LA BASURA1 L!- d! R!&iduo& Só%ido& d!% Di&trito d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!&
A )$rtir d!% 9[ d! octubr! d! =Q6 %o& .$bit$nt!& d!% di&trito d! &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!& !&t8n ob%i#$do& $ &!)$r$r %$ b$&ur$ !n %$ c$&$6 !n !% n!#ocio o !n %$ o'icin$6 !n r!&iduo& or#8nico& - r!&iduo& inor#8nico&1 D! no .$c!r%o $&+6 %$ L!- d! R!&iduo& Só%ido& d!% Di&trito &$n u$n d! Mir$'%or!& i()on! &!"!r$& &$ncion!& $ 4ui!n!& no cu()%$n1 En cu$nto $% ($n!o d! r!&iduo& urb$no&6 !% )ro#r$($ cont!()%$ %$ &!)$r$ción d! r!&iduo& !n do& c$t!#or+$&/ or#8nico& ! inor#8nico&1 E&t$ &!)$r$ción6 $un4u! %i(it$d$6 )!r(itir8 !% $)ro"!c.$(i!nto d! or#8nico& )$r$ %$ )roducción d! co()o&t$ - '$ci%it$r8 %$ &!)$r$ción d! c$d$ uno d! %o& ($t!ri$%!& inor#8nico& 4u! &on r!cic%$b%!&1 E% r!&u%t$do 'in$% &!r8 %$ di&(inución !n !% "o%u(!n d! d!&)!rdicio& 4u! &! d!)o&it$n !n !% r!%%!no &$nit$rio6 !% (!or$(i!nto d! 8r!$& "!rd!& $ )$rtir d! %$ $)%ic$ción d! '!rti%i*$nt! or#8nico - !% incr!(!nto !n !% r!cic%$! d! di"!r&o& ($t!ri$%!&1 A% &!)$r$r %o& or#8nico& &! )u!d! )roducir co()o&t$6 !& d!cir6 '!rti%i*$nt! or#8nico1 Aun4u! -$ .$- $%#un$& )%$nt$& d! )roducción d! co()o&t$ 'uncion$ndo6 $ctu$%(!nt! .$- )oc$ c$)$cid$d )$r$ $)ro"!c.$r %$ !nor(! c$ntid$d d! r!&iduo& or#8nico& 4u! #!n!r$(o& di$ri$(!nt!1 Poco $ )oco &! ir8n con&tru-!ndo %$& in&t$%$cion!& 4u! &on n!c!&$ri$& )$r$ )roducir co()o&t$ !n un ($-or "o%u(!n1 Ad!(8& con %$ )roducción d! '!rti%i*$nt! or#8nico &! )odr8n (!or$r )$r4u!& - $rdin!& - 8r!$& d!t!rior$d$&1
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TRATAMIENTO PARA LA REDUCCI3N DE LOS RESIDUOS URBANOS
S! obti!n! (!t$no S! )roduc! un co()u!&to ,ti% Co(o $bono P$rt! d!% #$& r!&u%t$nt! )u!d! R!circu%$r&! $% r!$ctor S! obti!n! un co()u!&to ,ti% Co(o $bono S! r!duc! !% "o%u(!n d!% M$t!ri$% tr$t$do S! $)ro"!c.$n r!cur&o& $nt!& d!&)!rdici$do&
RECOLECCI3N Y TRATAMIENTO EN LOS DESEC?OS S3LIDOS EN NUESTROS MUNICIPIO DE SAN JUAN DE MIRAFLORES
En nu!&tro (unici)io no $- $un un$ tr$t$(i!nto )$r$ %o& d!&!c.o& &ó%ido& d! %$ b$&ur$6 %$ r!co%!cción &! .$c! di$ri$(!nt! !n todo& %o& (unici)io6 con %o& "!.+cu%o& d!&tin$do& )$r$ !&t! - di$ri$(!nt! )$&$n %o& tricic%o& 4ui!n!& t$(bi5n )$r$ %$ co(odid$d d! %$& )!r&on$& )$&$n di$ri$(!nt! !n c$d$ co%oni$ !&to& ti!n! un )r!cio $un4u! $,n no di&)on!n d! un$ t$ri'$ !n !&)!ci'ic$ -$ 4u! !% ciud$d$no !& 4ui!n %!& d$ un$ $-ud$ o coo)!r$ción "o%unt$ri$ c$d$ "!* 4u! r!co%!ct$n &u b$&ur$1 Aun4u! %$& )!r&on$& no &! !ncu!ntr$n (u- &$ti&'!c.$& con !% &!r"icio 4u! )r!&t$ !% #obi!rno con %o& "!.+cu%o& d! %$ %i()i$ ),b%ic$6 no ti!n! di'icu%t$d!& )$r$ tir$r &u b$&ur$6 d!bido $% &!r"icio 4u! )r!&t$n %o& tricic%!ro& ind!)!ndi!nt!&1 PLANES Y PROGRAMAS DE RECOLECCI3N Y TRATAMIENTO DE LA BASURA EN NUESTROS MUNICIPIOS1 M!di$nt! %$& !ntr!"i&t$& 4u! %! .ici(o& $ %o& dir!ctor!& d! %i()i$ )ub%ic$ d! nu!&tro (unici)io no& di(o& cu!nt$ 4u! !% ,nico )ro#r$($& d! %i()i$ )ub%ic$ !& !% d! d!&c$c.$rri*$ción1 PROGRAMA DE DESCAC?ARRIACI3N L$ Dir!cción d! S!r"icio& P,b%ico& )r!&!nt$ %$ c$()$7$ d! d!&c$c.$rri*$ción 4u! con&i&t! !n r!co#!r b$&ur$ !&)!ci$% co(o/ tro*o& d! ($d!r$6 %%$nt$&6 (u!b%!&6 !&co(bro&6 co%c.on!&6 cub!t$&6 o%%$& in&!r"ib%!&1 T!ni!ndo co(o b$&! !% #r$"! )rob%!($ d! %$ $cu(u%$ción d! b$&ur$ !n %o& dr!n!& )%u"i$%!& - o'r!c!r $ %$ ciud$d$n+$ &in co&to $%#uno !&t! &!r"icio6 )$r$ cr!$r conci!nci$ !n %$ ciud$d$n+$ d! &u )$rtici)$ción !n !% cuid$do d!% (!dio $(bi!nt!6 )$r$ con&!r"$r %o& (unici)io %i()io - &$%ud$b%!6 )rinci)$%(!nt! )$r$ !"it$r !% cri$d!ro d!% (o&4uito d!% d!n#u!1 T$(bi5n !0i&t! un $)o-o $ %$ ciud$d$n+$ 4u! con&i&t! !n %$ r!co%!cción co%!cti"$ d!% &!r"icio d! b$&ur$ ordin$rio1 En cu$nto $ %o& tr$t$(i!nto& %o& (unici)io& $un no ti!n!n $%#,n )ro#r$($ d! tr$t$(i!nto d! %$ b$&ur$1 CULTURA DE LA BASURA L$ !t!rn$ r!$%id$d !n !&t$ &oci!d$d .o- !n d+$6 !& %$ d! %$ b$&ur$1 Mi%!& - (i%!& d! ton!%$d$& d! %$ (i&($ '%u-!n di$ri$(!nt! - &in notici$6 b$&ur$ Bio\d!#r$d$b%!6 or#8nic$ ! inor#8nic$1 L$ r!&)u!&t$ d! %$& )!r&on$& .$ &ido &i!()r! %$ (i&($1 L$ b$&ur$ (! d!&contro%$1 Si()%!(!nt! d!&.!c.o todo %o 4u! no (! &ir"!1 L$ ($-or+$ d! %$& )!r&on$& &$b!(o& có(o &! c%$&i'ic$ %$ b$&ur$6 )!ro nor($%(!nt! nunc$ %o .$c!(o&6 %%8(!&! '%o!r$6 '$%t$ d! !&)$cio o '$%t$ d! cu%tur$6 no no& i()ort$ tir$r )or tir$r6 ni &i4ui!r$ r!cic%$r6 t$()oco r!&)!t$(o& nu!&tro !ntorno )u!& %o !n&uci$(o& cu$nto )od!(o& - cu$nto no& #u&t! )!ro &i!()r! no& 4u!$(o& d! 4u! nu!&tr$& c$%%!& nunc$ !&t8n %i()i$& - &! no& .$c! (8& '8ci% !c.$r%! %$ bo%it$ $ nu!&tr$& $utorid$d!& dici!ndo 4u! '$%t$ (8& )!r&on$%6 nuc$ no& )on!(o& $ )!n&$r 4u! todo !&to no&otro& %o )od!(o& !"it$r co(o &i()%!(!nt! tir$ndo %$ b$&ur$ !n %o& %u#$r!& 4u! corr!&)ond!n1
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A< R!co%!cción/ Todo &i&t!($ d! r!co%!cción di'!r!nci$d$ 4u! &! i()%!(!nt! d!&c$n&$ !n un )rinci)io 'und$(!nt$%6 4u! !& %$ &!)$r$ción6 !n !% .o#$r6 d! %o& r!&iduo& !n do& #ru)o& b8&ico&/ r!&iduo& or#8nico& )or un %$do ! inor#8nico& )or otro !n %$ bo%&$ d! %o& r!&iduo& or#8nico& ir+$n %o& r!&to& d! co(id$6 d! $rd+n6 - !n %$ otr$ bo%&$ %o& (!t$%!&6 ($d!r$6 )%8&tico&6 "idrio6 $%u(inio1 E&t$& do& bo%&$& &! co%oc$r8n !n %$ "+$ ),b%ic$ &!r8n r!co%!ct$d$& !n 'or($ di'!r!nci$d$6 )!r(iti!ndo $&+ 4u! &! !nc$uc!n .$ci$ &u& r!&)!cti"$& 'or($& d! tr$t$(i!nto1 B< C!ntro d! r!cic%$do/ A4u+ &! r!cib!n %o& r!&iduo& )%8&tico& (i0to& co()$ct$do& !n '$rdo& 4u! &on $%($c!n$do& $ %$ int!()!ri!1 E0i&t!n %i(it$cion!& )$r$ !% $%($c!n$(i!nto )ro%on#$do !n !&t$& condicion!&6 -$ 4u! %$ r$di$ción u%tr$"io%!t$ )u!d! $'!ct$r $ %$ !&tructur$ d!% ($t!ri$%6 r$*ón )or %$ cu$% &! $con&!$ no t!n!r !% ($t!ri$% !0)u!&to (8& d! tr!& (!&!&1 C< C%$&i'ic$ción/ Lu!#o d! %$ r!c!)ción &! !'!ct,$ un$ c%$&i'ic$ción d! %o& )roducto& )or ti)o d! )%8&tico - co%or1 Si bi!n !&to )u!d! .$c!r&! ($nu$%(!nt!6 &! .$n d!&$rro%%$do
t!cno%o#+$& d! c%$&i'ic$ción $uto(8tic$6 4u! &! !&t8n uti%i*$ndo !n )$+&!& d!&$rro%%$do&1 E&t! )roc!&o &! "! '$ci%it$do &i !0i&t! un$ !ntr!#$ di'!r!nci$d$ d! !&t! ($t!ri$%6 %o cu$% )odr+$ .$c!r&! con !% $)o-o - )ro(oción )or )$rt! d! %o& (unici)io&1 R!cic%$do M!c8nico E% r!cic%$do (!c8nico !& !% (8& di'undido !n %$ o)inión ),b%ic$ !n %$ Ar#!ntin$6 &in !(b$r#o !&t! )roc!&o !& in&u'ici!nt! )or &+ &o%o )$r$ d$r cu!nt$ d! %$ tot$%id$d d! %o& r!&iduo&1 E% r!cic%$do (!c8nico !& un )roc!&o '+&ico (!di$nt! !% cu$% !% )%8&tico )o&t\con&u(o o !% indu&tri$% !& r!cu)!r$do6 )!r(iti!ndo &u )o&t!rior uti%i*$ción1 Lo& )%8&tico& 4u! &on r!cic%$do& (!c8nic$(!nt! )ro"i!n!n d! do& #r$nd!& 'u!nt!&/ \Lo& r!&iduo& )%8&tico& )ro"!ni!nt! d! %o& )roc!&o& d! '$bric$ción6 !& d!cir6 %o& r!&iduo& 4u! 4u!d$n $% )i! d! %$ (84uin$6 t$nto !n %$ indu&tri$ )!tro4u+(ic$ co(o !n %$ tr$n&'or($dor$1 A !&t$ c%$&! d! r!&iduo& &! %$ d!no(in$1 E& (8& '8ci% d! r!cic%$r )or4u! !&t8 %i()io - !& .o(o#5n!o !n &u co()o&ición6 -$ 4u! no !&t8 (!*c%$do con otro& ti)o& d! )%8&tico&1 A%#uno& )roc!&o& d! tr$n&'or($ción Hco(o !% t!r(o 'or($do< #!n!r$n !% >\ d!6 4u! nor($%(!nt! &! r!cic%$d$1 \Lo& r!&iduo& )%8&tico& )ro"!ni!nt! d! %$ ($&$ d! R!&iduo& Só%ido& Urb$no& HRSU<1 E&to& &! di"id!n $ &u "!* !n tr!& c%$&!&/ A< R!&iduo& )%8&tico& d! ti)o &i()%!/ .$n &ido c%$&i'ic$do& - &!)$r$do& !ntr! &+ %o& d! di&tint$& c%$&!&1 B< R!&iduo& (i0to&/ %o& di'!r!nt!& ti)o& d! )%8&tico& &! .$%%$n (!*c%$do& !ntr! &+1 C< R!&iduo& )%8&tico& (i0to& co(bin$do& con otro& r!&iduo&/ )$)!%6 c$rtón6 (!t$%!&1 R!cic%$do u+(ico S! tr$t$ d! di'!r!nt!& )roc!&o& (!di$nt! %o& cu$%!& %$& (o%5cu%$& d! %o& )o%+(!ro& &on cr$4u!$d$& Hrot$&< d$ndo ori#!n nu!"$(!nt! $ ($t!ri$ )ri($ b8&ic$ 4u! )u!d! &!r uti%i*$d$ )$r$ '$bric$r nu!"o& )%8&tico&1 E% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico co(!n*ó $ &!r d!&$rro%%$do )or %$ indu&tri$ )!tro4u+(ic$ con !% ob!ti"o d! %o#r$r %$& (!t$& )ro)u!&t$& )$r$ %$ o)ti(i*$ción d! r!cur&o& - r!cu)!r$ción d! r!&iduo&1 A%#uno& (5todo& d! r!cic%$do 4u+(ico o'r!c!n %$ "!nt$$ d! no t!n!r 4u! &!)$r$r ti)o& d! r!&in$ )%8&tic$6 !& d!cir6 4u! )u!d!n to($r r!&iduo& )%8&tico& (i0to& r!duci!ndo d! !&t$ ($n!r$ %o& co&to& d! r!co%!cción - c%$&i'ic$ción1 D$ndo ori#!n $ )roducto& 'in$%!& d! (u- bu!n$ c$%id$d1 Princi)$%!& )roc!&o& !0i&t!nt!&/
Piro%i&i&/
E& !% cr$4u!o d! %$& (o%5cu%$& )or c$%!nt$(i!nto !n !% "$c+o1 E&t! )roc!&o #!n!r$ .idroc$rburo& %+4uido& o &ó%ido& 4u! )u!d!n &!r %u!#o )roc!&$do& !n r!'in!r+$&1
?idro#!n$ción/
En !&t! c$&o %o& )%8&tico& &on tr$t$do& con .idró#!no - c$%or1 L$& c$d!n$& )o%i(5ric$& &on rot$& - con"!rtid$& !n un )!tró%!o &int5tico 4u! )u!d! &!r uti%i*$do !n r!'in!r+$& )%$nt$& 4u+(ic$&1
G$&i'ic$ción/
Lo& )%8&tico& &on c$%!nt$do& con $ir! o con o0+#!no1 A&+ &! obti!n!n %o& &i#ui!nt!& #$&!& d! &+nt!&i&/ (onó0ido d! c$rbono ! .idró#!no6 4u! )u!d!n &!r uti%i*$do& )$r$ %$ )roducción d! (!t$no% o $(on+$co o inc%u&o co(o $#!nt!& )$r$ %$ )roducción d! $c!ro !n .orno& d! "!nt!o1 P!r&)!cti"$& d!% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico/ \E% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico &! !ncu!ntr$ .o- !n un$ !t$)$ !0)!ri(!nt$% $"$n*$d$1 E& d! &u)on!r 4u! !n %o& )ró0i(o& $7o& )u!d$ tr$n&'or($r&! !n un$ )od!ro&$ - (od!rn$ .!rr$(i!nt$ )$r$ tr$t$r %o& r!&iduo& )%8&tico&1 E% 50ito d!)!nd!r8 d!% !nt!ndi(i!nto 4u! )u!d$ !&t$b%!c!r&! !ntr! todo& %o& $ctor!& d! %$ c$d!n$/ )!tro4u+(ic$&6 tr$n&'or($dor!&6 #r$nd!& u&u$rio&6 con&u(idor!& - (unici)io&6 $ %o& 'in!& d! $&!#ur$r %$ unid$d d! r!cic%$do - 4u! %$ ($t!ri$ )ri($ %%!#u! $ un$ )%$nt$ d! tr$t$(i!nto1 \L$ &oci!d$d d!b! !&t$r )r!)$r$d$ )$r$ t$% c$(bio d! t!cno%o#+$ !n %o 4u! .$c! $% tr$t$(i!nto d! %o& r!&iduo& )%8&tico&1 Por &u )$rt!6 %$ indu&tri$ )!tro4u+(ic$ !&t8 tr$b$$ndo !n %$ d!'inición d! !&)!ci'ic$cion!& t5cnic$& $ %o& 'in!& d! #$r$nti*$r %$ c$%id$d d! %o& )roducto& obt!nido& $ tr$"5& d!% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico1 \Si bi!n !% r!cic%$do (!c8nico &! .$%%$ !n un !&t$do (8& !"o%ucion$do6 5&t! &o%o no $%c$n*$ )$r$ r!&o%"!r !% )rob%!($ d! %o& r!&iduo&1 No &!r+$ int!%i#!nt! d!&d!7$r cu$%4ui!r otr$ 'or($ d! tr$t$(i!nto )or inci)i!nt! 4u! 'u!r$1 Lo 4u! .o- )$r!c! (u- %!$no )u!d! 4u! d!ntro d! %$& )ró0i($& do& d5c$d$& &! con"i!rt$ !n un$ r!$%id$d concr!t$1 En !% c$&o d! %o& )%8&tico& &! d!b! t!n!r !n cu!nt$ 4u! &! tr$t$ d! .idroc$rburo&6 )or %o 4u!6 )$r$ un r!cur&o no r!no"$b%! co(o !% )!tró%!o6 !& !&)!ci$%(!nt! i()ort$nt! d!&$rro%%$r t5cnic$& co(o !% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico )$r$ #!n!r$r 'utur$& 'u!nt!& d! r!cur&o& !n!r#5tico&1 Lo& )%8&tico& )o&t\con&u(o d! .o- )u!d!n con&id!r$r&! co(o %o& co(bu&tib%!& o %$& ($t!ri$& )ri($& d!% ($7$n$1 Ad!(8&6 !% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico contribuir8 con %$ o)ti(i*$ción - $.orro d! %o& r!cur&o& n$tur$%!& $% r!ducir !% con&u(o d! )!tró%!o crudo )$r$ %$ indu&tri$ )!tro4u+(ic$1 \D! tod$& %$& $%t!rn$ti"$& d! "$%ori*$ción 4ui*8 nin#un$ !&t5 .!c.$ t$n $ (!did$ d! %o& )%8&tico& co(o !% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico1 E& (u- )rob$b%! 4u! &! tr$n&'or(! !n %$ "+$ (8& $)ro)i$d$ d! r!cu)!r$ción d! %o& r!&iduo& )%8&tico&6 t$nto do(ici%i$rio& co(o %o&
)ro"!ni!nt!& obt!ni5ndo&! ($t!ri$ )ri($ d! c$%id$d id5ntic$ $ %$ "ir#!n1 E&to contr$&t$ con !% r!cic%$do (!c8nico6 dond! no &i!()r! &! )u!d! $&!#ur$r un$ bu!n$ - con&t$nt! c$%id$d d!% )roducto 'in$%1 E% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico o'r!c! )o&ibi%id$d!& 4u! r!&u!%"!n %$& %i(it$cion!& d!% r!cic%$do (!c8nico6 4u! n!c!&it$ #r$nd!& c$ntid$d!& d! r!&iduo& )%8&tico& %i()io&6 &!)$r$do& - .o(o#5n!o& )$r$ )od!r #$r$nti*$r %$ c$%id$d d!% )roducto 'in$%1 Lo& r!&iduo& )%8&tico& do(ici%i$rio& &u!%!n !&t$r co()u!&to& )or )%8&tico& %i"i$no&6 )!4u!7o&6 'und$(!nt$%(!nt! )ro"!ni!nt!& d! %o& !n"$&!&6 )u!d!n !&t$r &ucio& )r!&!nt$r &ub&t$nci$& $%i(!ntici$&1 Todo !&to di'icu%t$ %$ c$%id$d 'in$% d!% r!cic%$do (!c8nico6 -$ 4u! &! obti!n! un )%8&tico (8& )obr! co()$r$do con %$ r!&in$ "ir#!n1 Por %o t$nto6 %o& )roducto& .!c.o& d! )%8&tico $&+ r!cic%$do &! diri#!n $ (!rc$do& 'in$%!& d! )r!cio& b$o&1 Por !% contr$rio6 !% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico &u)!r$ !&to& incon"!ni!nt!&6 -$ 4u! no !& n!c!&$ri$ %$ c%$&i'ic$ción d! %o& di&tinto& ti)o& d! r!&in$& )%8&tic$& )ro"!ni!nt! d! %o& r!&iduo&1 En !&t! )roc!&o )u!d!n &! tr$t$do& !n 'or($ (i0t$6 r!duci!ndo co&to& d! r!co%!cción - c%$&i'ic$ción1 Ad!(8&6 %%!"$ $ )roducto& 'in$%!& d! $%t$ c$%id$d 4u! &+ #$r$nti*$n un (!rc$do1 Tod$ !&tr$t!#i$ d! #!&tión int!#r$% d! %o& R!&iduo& Só%ido& Urb$no& d!b! )r!"!r cont!()%$r %$ )o&ibi%id$d d!% r!cic%$do 4u+(ico1 E% tr$t$(i!nto d! %o& r!&iduo& )%8&tico& no )u!d! &!r r!&u!%to uni%$t!r$%(!nt! )or uno u otro )roc!&o6 d!bi!ndo $n$%i*$r&! %$& di'!r!nt!& $%t!rn$ti"$& d! r!cic%$do1 RECICLADO DE PAPEL En !% co(i!n*o d! !&t! )roc!&o6 !% )$)!% d!)o&it$do !n %o& cont!n!dor!& di&)u!&to& )$r$ &u r!co#id$ Hnor($%(!nt! d! co%or $*u%< %%!#$ $ %$& )%$nt$& d! r!cic%$!1 A%%+ &! &!)$r$n %$& 'ibr$& d! c!%u%o&$ (!di$nt! un$ #r$n .5%ic!1 E&t$& 'ibr$& 4u!d$n con i()ur!*$&6 co(o )%8&tico& o tint$&6 4u! d!b!n &!r &!)$r$d$&1 P$r$ !% b%$n4u!o d! %$ )$&t$ d! )$)!% r!cic%$do no &! n!c!&it$ un tr$t$(i!nto t$n 'u!rt! co(o !n !% c$&o d! %$ )$&t$ "ir#!n6 -$ 4u! %$& 'ibr$& r!cic%$d$& )$&$ron )or !% b%$n4u!$do !n &u& $nt!rior!& )roc!&o& d! !%$bor$ción d! )$)!%1 L$& 'ibr$& &! co%oc$n !n un$ &u&)!n&ión $cuo&$ )$r$ 4u! )u!d$n unir&! con"!ni!nt!(!nt! -6 (8& t$rd!6 r!$%i*$r !% &!c$do1 D!&)u5& &! &i#u! un )roc!&o &i(i%$r $% d! %$ '$bric$ción d!% )$)!%1 RECICLADO DE ENVASES Por c$d$ ton!%$d$ d! .o$%$t$ &! $.orr$ 96 d! (in!r$% d! .i!rro - )or c$d$ ton!%$d$ r!cu)!r$d$ d! $%u(inio &! $.orr$ !% d! %$ !n!r#+$ n!c!&$ri$ )$r$ )roducir %$ (i&($ c$ntid$d d! $%u(inio $ )$rtir d!% (in!r$%6 %$ b$u0it$1 D! .!c.o6 )or c$d$ i%o#r$(o d! %$t$& d! $%u(inio 4u! &! r!cic%$6 no &! n!c!&it$n !0tr$!r :#1 d! b$u0it$1 Por ,%ti(o6 r!cic%$r 9 ton!%$d$ d! $.orr$ 6 ton!%$d$& d! b$&ur$ E%i(in$ción d! r!&iduo& &ó%ido&6 !%i(in$ción d! %o& ($t!ri$%!& &ó%ido& o &!(i&ó%ido& &in uti%id$d 4u! #!n!r$n %$& $cti"id$d!& .u($n$& - $ni($%!&1 Lo& r!&iduo& &ó%ido& &! &!)$r$n !n cu$tro c$t!#or+$&/ r!&iduo& $#r+co%$&6 indu&tri$%!&6 co(!rci$%!& - do(5&tico&1 Lo& r!&iduo& co(!rci$%!& - do(5&tico& &u!%!n &!r ($t!ri$%!& or#8nico&6 -$ &!$n co(bu&tib%!&6 co(o )$)!%6 ($d!r$ - t!%$6 o no co(bu&tib%!&6 co(o (!t$%!&6 "idrio -
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@Cu8%!& d! !&to& ($t!ri$%!& &! r!cu)!r$n !n tu b$rrio2 )u!b%o2 ciud$d @E& %o (i&(o r!cu)!r$r 4u! r!cic%$r @u5 ($t!ri$%!& &! )u!d!n r!cic%$r S! !nti!nd! )or r!cic%$r 4u! &! ci!rr! !% cic%o6 !& d!cir6 4u! !% ($t!ri$% "u!%"$ $ &!r !0$ct$(!nt! %o 4u! !r$1 Por !!()%o/ un$ bot!%%$ d! "idrio "u!%"! $ con"!rtir&! !n "idrio6 un )!riódico "u!%"! $ &!r )$)!%6 !tc1 D! !&to& ($t!ri$%!& 4u! &! )u!d!n r!cic%$r6 @cu8nto& &! r!cic%$n r!$%(!nt! @?$- !n tu %oc$%id$d cont!n!dor!& !&)!c+'ico& )$r$ !%%o @?$- ($t!ri$%!& 4u! &! )u!d!n r!uti%i*$r )$r$ otr$ co&$ Pon $%#,n !!()%o1 @?$- $%#o 4u! &! )u!d$ $rr!#%$r - "o%"!r $ uti%i*$r&! Cit$ $%#,n !!()%o1 @S! )u!d!n r!cic%$r todo& %o& !n"$&!& @?$- $%#uno 4u! no &!)$& d! 4u5 !&t8 .!c.o @E& n!c!&$rio !% ti)o d! !(b$%$! 4u! %%!"$n todo& %o& )roducto& @S! )odr+$n &u&tituir )or otro @?$- $%#,n )roducto tó0ico !n %$ b$&ur$ @u5 &! )odr+$ .$c!r )$r$ 4u! no %o .ubi!r$ @?$- $%#,n %u#$r dond! )odr+$n %%!"$r&! @?$- $%t!rn$ti"$& )$r$ &u u&o Si no &$b!& !n 4u5 cont!n!dor d!b!& tir$r un d!t!r(in$do ($t!ri$%6 @4u5 .$c!& con 5% Su#i!r! $ tu& $%u(no& 4u! .$#$n un !&tudio ;c$&!ro; )$r$ "!r 4u5 ti)o d! r!&iduo& &on %o& (8& )roducido& !n &u c$&$1 P$r$ '$ci%it$r%!& %$ %$bor t! )ro)orcion$(o& %$ &i#ui!nt! t$b%$/ RECURSOS E&t! tr$b$o 'u! r!$%i*$do )or %o& $%u(no& $&.in#ton :!"in Ant.on- J!&,& Lui& St!"!n di!#o "i!r! Lo& ($t!ri$& 4u! ocu)$(o& 'u!ron/ %ibr!t$&6 .o$& t$($7o c$rt$6 %$)ic!ro&6 co)i$&6 c8($r$6 di&co
CONCLUSI3N E% )r!&!nt! tr$b$o $n$%i*$ %o& $&)!cto& $ t!n!r !n cu!nt$ )$r$ %$ i()%!(!nt$ción d! un )ro#r$($ d! r!cic%$! d! r!&iduo& &ó%ido& urb$no& co(o $%t!rn$ti"$ )$r$ (ini(i*$r !% i()$cto 4u! !&to& )roduc!n !n !% (!dio $(bi!nt!1 No .$- un )ro#r$($ ,nico 4u! 'uncion! )$r$ tod$& %$& co(unid$d!&1 C$d$ )ro#r$($ !n )$rticu%$r &ur#ir8 d! %$ in"!&ti#$ción d! %$& condicion!& !&)!ci$%!& H&ocio\!conó(ico\ )o%+tico< d! c$d$ co(unid$d1
L$ )$rtici)$ción d! %o& ciud$d$no&6 !%!(!nto c%$"! )$r$ $&!#ur$r %$ i()%!(!nt$ción 'uncion$(i!nto d!% )ro#r$($6 Si .$b%$(o& d! r!cic%$r6 con &!#urid$d 4u! %$ ($-or+$ !&t$r+$ d! $cu!rdo6 )!ro %o#r$r !% co()ro(i&o d! )on!r%o !n )r8ctic$ r!&u%t$ un )rob%!($ di'+ci% d! r!&o%"!r1 D! %o $nt!rior &ur#! %$ n!c!&id$d d! i()%!(!nt$r un )ro#r$($ 4u! $b$r4u! %$ conci!nti*$ción d! tod$& %$& !d$d!& - %$ co)$rtici)$ción d! todo& %o& (!dio& d! co(unic$ción d!(o&tr$ndo 4u! %$ r!cu)!r$ción d!% )%8&tico otor#$ b!n!'icio& )$r$ todo& %o& int!#r$nt!& d!% (unici)io1 Y$ 4u! !"it$(o& %$ $cu(u%$ción d! r!&iduo& - 4u! %o& o%or!&6 '8ci%(!nt! !&)$rcido& )or !% "i!nto cont$(in!n !% (!dio $(bi!nt!6 4u! &u no d!#r$d$bi%id$d .$c! 4u! )!rdur!n !n !% ti!()o di'icu%t$ndo %$& r!$ccion!& 4u+(ic$& !n %o& r!%%!no& &$nit$rio&6 no &on co()$ct$b%!&6 $cu(u%$n #r $nd!& "o%,(!n!&6 !ntr! otr$& r$*on!& 4u! &on %$& 4u! (! %%!"$ron $ int!r!&$r(! !n !% t!($ - !ncontr$r %$& .!rr$(i!nt$& n!c!&$ri$& )$r$ %%!"$r%o $ c$bo1 D!bo d!&t$c$r 4u! &! tr$t$ d! t!cno%o#+$ d! b$o co&to d!&$rro%%$d$ !n %$ *on$6 - )or &obr!todo $cc!&ib%! $ %o& )!4u!7o& (unici)io Y 4u! !% )roducto 'in$% obt!nido6 cu()%ir8 un$ 'unción &oci$% con %$ #!n!r$ción d! nu!"o& !()%!o& - !% cuid$ndo !% (!dio $(bi!nt!1 OBJETIVO An$%i*$r un$ (!todo%o#+$ d! conci!nti*$ción )$r$ %o#r$r %$ )$rtici)$ción r!$% - !'!cti"$6 d! %o& ciud$d$no&6 !n un )ro#r$($ d! r!&iduo& &ó%ido& urb$no&6 )$rti!ndo d!% conoci(i!nto d! %o& $nt!c!d!nt!& 4u! no& %%!"$ron $ !&t$r !n !&t! %u#$r1 Y co(o &! )odr+$ %o#r$r !n un$ co(unid$d %$ r!cu)!r$ción d! %o& )%8&tico&6 con un 'in &oci$% cuid$r !% (!dio $(bi!nt! - #!n!r$r nu!"o& )u!&to& d! tr$b$o1 Introducción L$ )$%$br$ b$&ur$ .$ &i#ni'ic$do - )$r$ %$ (uc.$ #!nt! $,n &i#ni'ic$ $%#o d!&)!cti"o6 $%#o 4u! c$r!c! d! "$%or - d! %o 4u! .$- 4u! d!&.$c!r&!6 d! !&t$ ($n!r$ %o ,ti%6 4u! no &i!()r! n!c!&$rio6 &! con"i!rt! !n un !&torbo - !& c$u&$ d!% )rob%!($ d! có(o d!&!nt!nd!rno& d! %o 4u! con&u(i(o& o )roduci(o&1 L$ r!co#id$ &!%!cti"$6 !& d!cir6 %$ &!)$r$ción d! %o& r!&iduo& !n ori#!n6 d!b! &!r )ro(o"id$ )or %o& di&tinto& )u!b%o&6 !n b!n!'icio d!% (!dio $(bi!nt!1 E% r!cic%$do6 $&+ co(o %$ r!cu)!r$ción d! ($t!ri$& )ri($&6 &on t5cnic$& n!c!&$ri$& )$r$ %%!"$r $ c$bo %o 4u! d!no(in$(o& un d!&$rro%%o &o&t!nib%!1 P!ro no& con&id!r$(o& !duc$do& &i t!n!(o& %$ co&tu(br! d! d!)o&it$r %$ b$&ur$ !n &u %u#$r1 Cr!!(o& 4u! con !&to -$ .!(o& cu()%ido1 Sin !(b$r#o6 !% )rob%!($ d! %$ b$&ur$ no &! r!&u!%"! con !&to1 Cu$ndo %$ !n"o%"!(o& !n bo%&$& - %$ &$c$(o& )$r$ 4u! !% &!r"icio (unici)$% %$ r!co$6 %o 4u! !&t$(o& .$ci!ndo !& ;)$&$r !% )$4u!t!; d! %$ b$&ur$ $ %$ $utorid$d ci"i%1
L$ B$&ur$ ;Cr!c!; C$d$ d+$ !& ($-or %$ c$ntid$d d! b$&ur$ d!bido $/
\ !% cr!ci(i!nto t$n #r$nd! d! (uc.$& d! nu!&tr$& ciud$d!& \ %$ #r$n "$ri!d$d d! ob!to& 4u! &! )roduc!n d+$ $ d+$ - $ \ %$ 'or($ co(o !&to& ob!to& &! !()$4u!t$n - &! "!nd!n1 Ad!(8&6 &u)on! 4u! c$d$ d+$ d!b!(o& d!&tin$r 8r!$& (8& !0t!n&$& d! nu!&tro& &u!%o& $ %$ b$&ur$ o 4u! $rro!(o& (i%!& d! ton!%$d$& d! d!&)!rdicio& $% 'ondo d!% ($r6 cont$(in$ndo $&+ !&t! r!cur&o n$tur$% 4u! !& %$ 'u!nt! d! %$ "id$ - 4u! !& )$tri(onio d! tod$ %$ .u($nid$d1 BIBLIOGRAFIA 1!co)ort$%1n!t .tt)/22r!&iduo&1!co)ort$%1n!t2 .tt)/221ind!0n!t1&$nti%%$n$1 .tt)/221ii%!$rnin#1co(2d!ab$&ur$ .tt)/221#$i$1or#1(02in'or($cion2 .tt)/221#$i$1or#1(02in'or($cion2bo%!tin991.t(% .tt)/221!$rt.d$-1or# .tt)/221#r!!n)!$c!1or#1(0 .tt)/221%$n!t$1$)c1or#2!(i&2 .tt)/22 Libro/ C!ntro d! $di!&tr$(i!nto d! &!#urid$d - !co%o#+$ HC1A1S1E <1 M$nu$% d! c$)$cit$ción ; cur&o b8&ico d! &!#urid$d - !co%o#+$; PEME` !0)%or$ción )roducción r!#ión &ur1
P$#in$& • •
Int!rn!t Libro&
