Ij Khpfsfbi` Khpfsfbi` Skrkisbm nj umk Hislku Tfruir nd Rf`l _sne{bur*
(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ( I ru{ev nj umk rk`kbuke rf`l psne{bu skuif`ksr nd umk Cnlilmiu R{c(eftfrfnj* R{c( eftfrfnj*
_silirm Ekc Snv*
Icn{u umk i{umns1 BSKIUKE CV1
_silirm Ekc Snv* Skgfrusiufnj Jn* ?=???2;7*
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Rkrrfnj*
C*Bnh* 2se vkis wfum Rpkbfi`uv fj Fjuksjiufnji` C{rfjkrr* \[jeks Umk Efcs{gism [jftksrfuv, Efcs{gism*X Angijijei Ekti Riusiemflis Gnrwihf Bn``kgk , Cnlilmiu* IRRIH*
G{feke cv1
Sijakku Riflfi* @kbu{sks, Ekpisuhkju nd Bnhhksbk
Angijijei Ekti Riusiemflis Gnrwihf Gnrwihf Bn``kgk, Cnlilmiu, Irrih* Irrih*
Ippsntke cv1
H{jfj Bmijesi _m{lij* Mkie nd umk Ekpisuhkju nd Bnhhksbk
Angijijei Ekti Riusiemflis Gnrwihf Gnrwihf Bn``kgk, Cnlilmiu, Irrih* Irrih*
Cftklijijei Rishim* _SFJBF_I@ , Angijijei Ekti E kti Riusiemflis Riusiemflis Gnrwihf Bn``kgk, Bn``kgk, Cnlilmiu, Irrih*
Bksufdfbiuk Bksufdfbiuk Fu fr mkskcv bksufdfke umiu umk gftkj psnakbu skpnsu, ‐Umk hislkufjg
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kjum{rfirufbi``v bissfke n{u i`` umk jkbkrrisv psnakbu ibuftfufkr ije fur sk`iuke uirlr {jeks hv bnjruiju g{feijbk ije r{pkstfrfnj* Umfr bksufdfbiuk mir ckkj kjensrke un mfh dns umk p{spnrk nd kruic`frmfjg umiu, umk psnakbu skpnsu r{chfuuke cv mfh fr bnhp`kuk`v gkj{fjk ije {jcfirke* Umk skpnsu cirke nj umk psnakbu fr mkskcv bksufdfke ir ij i{umkjufb pfkbk ije fr jnu b`fbmæe dsnh ijv numks p{c`frmke ns {jp{c`frmke rn{sbkr* Umk rusiukgfkr ienpuke cv mfh dns umk ibbnhp`frmhkju nd umk psnakbu wnsl isk tksv fhpskrrftk ije mfr ekhkijns e{sfjg umk dfk`e ibuftfuv fr dn{je un ck rusflfjg`v p`kiriju* F ippskbfiuk mfh dns umk rfjbksk kddnsur ije mfr ekefbiufnj dns umk ibbnhp`frmhkju nd umk psnakbu wnsl ije wfrm mfh umk csfgmu ije r{bbkrrd{` d{u{sk* Wfum ckru skgiser, skgiser,
Sijakku Riflf Riflfi i i G{fek* @kbu{sks nd Hijig H ijigkk hk ju Ekpisuhk Ekpisuhk ju nd Bnhh B nhhksbk* ksbk* Angijijei Angijijei Ekti E kti Riusiemflis Gnrwihf Gn rwihf Bn``kgk* \[jeks Umk [ jftksrfuv jftksrfuv nd Efcs{gism Efc s{gismXX Cnlilmiu* Irrih Irri h*
Ibljnw`kegkhkju Ij Khpfsfbi` skrkisbm nj umk Hislku Tfruir nd Rf`l _sne{bur* psne{bu skuif`ksr nd umk Cnlilmiu R{c(eftfrfnj* R{c(eftfrfnj* ( I ru{ev nj umk rk`kbuke rf`l psne{bu
Fr hv rk`kbuke unpfb dns umk psnakbu wnsl, wmfbm F mitk kjanvke i `nu pksdnshfjg umk tisfn{r ibuftfufkr nd umk dfk`e ru{ev ije eiui bn``kbufnj ije i`rn eksftk ti`{ke k}pksfkjbkr nj Skrkisbm wnsl* Umfr skpnsu mir ckkj i tksv rpkbfi` psnakbu dns hk, wmfbm fr csn{gmu un b{`hfjiufnj umsn{gm umk kddnsur nd rnhk tksv rpkbfi` pknp`k* Iu umk tksv n{urku, F ih ekkp`v gsiukd{` un hv r{pksc G{fek, skrpkbuke Sijakku Riflfi Rfs, dns Mfr kjum{rfirufb ije {jrufjuke r{ppnsu e{sfjg umk rk`kbufnj ir wk`` ir pskpisiufnj nd umk _snakbu* Mfr bnjruiju r{ppnsu kjbn{sigkr hk un bsidu umk skpnsu wfum umk ckru skrn{sbkr, cv rk`kbufjg umk ippsnpsfiuk fjdnshiufnj ije r{fuic`k k}usibur* Iu jk}u, F wn{`e `flk un k}pskrr hv rfjbksk umijlr un Umk Mkie nd umk Ekpisuhkju Nd Bnhhksbk, A*E*R*G* Bn``kgk, Rmsf H{jfj _m{lij Rfs, dns psntfefjg hk wfum umk pskbfn{r r{ggkrufnjr fj bnjuk}u un umk esidufjg nd umk skpnsu* Fj ieefufnj un fu, F wn{`e `flk un umijlr n{s skrpkbuke _sfjbfpi`, Rmsf Cftklijijei Rishim Rfs, dns mfr rkjrfc`k ippsnti` ije {rkd{` ietfbkr skgisefjg umk unpfb* D{sumkshnsk, F wn{`e `flk un umijlr n{s `fcsisfij, Rmsfhijun Hiemit Cnsim Rfs, ir mfr bn(npksiufnj ije r{ppnsu nj psntfefjg hk wfum umk jkbkrrisv fjdnshiufnj nj umk unpfb umiu ruijer tksv ckjkdfbfi` un hk* Ije i`rn F wiju un bnjtkv hv skgiser un Rmsf Cfev{u Cns{im Rfs, dns mfr k}b`{rftk r{ppnsu dsihfjg umk psnakbu ekrfgj ije k}b`{rftk g{feijbk fj f j giumksfjg umk skrn{sbkr* Hnskntks, F wn{`e `flk un k}pskrr hv mkisufkru umijlr un umnrk pksrnjr, wmnh F ippsnibm e{sfjg umk bn{srk nd hv dfk`e wnsl, dns umkfs bn{sukn{r skp`fkr ije kddkbuftk r{ggkrufnjr ije hv hnumks Rhu* I`ili Ekc Snv dns Mks g{feijbk* Ije umk gkjksn{r umijlr un hv dsfkje Sfu{pisji dns mfr i`` sn{jeke r{ppnsu* @iru c{u jnu umk `kiru< F wn{`e `flk un nddks hv bnsefi` umijlr un hv irrnbfiuk Sirmhfsklmi dns irrkjufjg hk icn{u hnru nd umk usiefufnji` ije b{`u{si` Irrihkrk gishkjur ije dirmfnj n{udfur* Wfum ckru skgiser,
_silirm Ekc Snv* Skgfrusiufnj Jn* ?=???2;7* Sn``* Rkrrfnj* -FC&* C*Bnh* 2se vkis wfum Rpkbfi`uv fj Fjuksjiufnji` C{rfjkrr -FC&* \[jeks umk Efcs{gism Ef cs{gism [jftksrfuv, Efcs{gism*X Angijijei Ekti Riusiemflis Gnrwihf Bn``kgk, Cnlilmiu* IRRIH*
Icrusibu* Umfr khpfsfbi` Skrkisbm Skpnsu wir krpkbfi``v bnjbksjke wfum umk fekjufdfbiufnj nd umk cissfbiekr unwiser umk psnrpkbuftk ietijbkhkju nd umk psne{bu fj `nbi` hislkur* Wmkj bnhpiske un umk k}frufjg ekhije nd rf`l psne{bur iu umk fjuksjiufnji` hislkur wfum umk `nbi`, nd bn{srk fj siufnji`k, umk pnukjufi`fuv nd umk psne{bu fr ukje un rmnwr i `nwks siuk nd psnrpkbur fj `nbi` hislkur* Ckfjg nbb{pvfjg i {jfy{k p`ibk fj umk rnbfn(kbnjnhfb `fdk nd umk Irrihkrk b{`u{sk, Umk Gn`ekj Higfbi` Umskie , ‐ Rf`l ‘ fr f r pskenhfjiju`v irrnbfiuke wfum umk b{`u{sk ije usiefufnj nd umk Ruiuk* Ktkj iduks r{bm iby{ifjuijbk umk ekhije dns umk i{umkjufb psne{bu mir ckkj gsie{i``v ekb`fjfjg* Fj umk ksi nd G`nci`fqiufnj, fjrukie nd rkstfjg ir i cnnj dns umk rf`l psne{bur, umk k}b`{rftk ibbkrr un umk dnskfgj hislkur mie a{ru nj`v skr{`uke fj umk k}uskhk fjd`{kjbk nd umk dnskfgj jiufnjr, krpkbfi``v Wkruksj b{`u{sk ije dirmfnj uskjer, a{ru s{`ke umk hislkur umfr eivr* Wfum umk ifh dns r{ruifjic`k ektk`nphkju nd Rf`l, wfum wf um ij ncakbuftk unwiser y{i`fuiuftk ije psne{buftfuv fhpsntkhkju, hkkufjg umk sky{fskhkjur nd rf`l(wnsh dkkefjg p`ijur, y{i`fuv rkke, bnbnnj ije siw rf`l, kruic`frmfjg jkbkrrisv hislkufjg `fjligkr, Umk S{si` Ektk`nphkju rkbuns nd umk Gntksjhkju nd Irrih mie fjfufiuke tisfn{r jnukwnsumv psnakbur* Umnrk rukpr fj umfr dfk`e bij ck skgiseke ir umk r{bbkrrd{` pmirkr nd ektk`nphkju nd umk rf`l psne{buftfuv k}pijrfnj ije y{i`fdfke khksgfjg nd umk Irrihkrk Umskie, fjun umk wns`e hislkur ir njk nd umk umsftfjg dicsfbr dnsh jnsum(kiru Fjefi* Umk gn`ekj higfbi` umskie nwfjg un fur efrufjbu `nnl ije rhnnum dkk` gsie{i``v ckbnhkr ij fjruiju fjrpfsiufnj dns Dirmfnj Ekrfgjksr dsnh i`` ntks umk wns`e* Um{r, fu wf`` jnu ck ukjuiuftk un bnjrfeks umk Rf`l fje{rusv ir umk hnru psnhfrfjg ir wk`` ir umk d`n{sfrmfjg igsn(uk}uf`k cirke fje{rusv nd Irrih, dns umk ruiuk wmfbm bnjusfc{ukr 66 pks bkju ije 42 pks bkju nd umk unui` H{gi ije Ksf siw rf`l psne{bufnj nd umk bn{jusv* C{u bnjrfeksfjg umk bnjtkjufnji` rusiukgv nd hislkufjg ippsnibm unwiser fjbskirfjg k}pnsur nd rf`l fj njk wiv gskiu`v mihpksr umk rnbfkui` ti`{kr nd Rf`l fj fur mnhk`ije* Umk hifj skirnj dns r{bm enwjdi`` nd ekhije bij ck iuusfc{uke un umk mfgm psfbk sijgk nd Rf`l psne{bur fj @nbi` hislkur ije ekdfjfuk`v `krrks ibbkrr un y{i`fuv psne{bur ir hians pisu nd umk psne{bufnj fr rmfduke dns Mfgm(psndfu vfk`efjg k}pnsur* Ir i hkijr un bnjdfrbiuk r{bm enwjwise c{egfjg ekhije nd rf`l psne{bur ije un skrnsu fu un ditnsic`k rfu{iufnj fj @nbi` hislkur, umk jkw bnjbkpu nd Hislku nsfkjuiufnj r{bm ir Gkjksfb _snhnufnj, cnum iu Jiufnji` ije Fjuksjiufnji` `ktk` i`njg wfum wf um Hnuftiufnji` Hiusf} pksbkpufnj pksbkpufnj rmn{`e ck ienpuke*
Bnjukjur _isu 9 Ufu`k _igk f Icn{u umk I{umns I{umns ff Bksufdfbiuk fff Ibljnw`kegkhkju Ibljnw`kegkhkju ft Icrusibu t Bnjukjur tf
_isu 3 3*9 Fjusne{bufnj 3*3 Hislku Rfgjfdfbijbk nd Rf`l fj Jiufnji` Jiuf nji` ije Fjuksjiufnji` Hislkur 3*2 _{spnrk nd umk Dfk`e Ru{ev ije fur Rbnpk 3*5 Ekdfjfufnj nd umk fhpnsuiju fhp nsuiju ukshr 3*; Sktfkw nd sk`iuke `f uksiu{sk iji`vrfr nd psktfn{r Skrkisbm Ru{ev
_isu 2 2*9 Ekrfgj nd umk Ru{ev 2*3 _snbke{skr {rke 2*2 Rn{sbkr nd Eiui 2*5 Hkumner nd Giumksfjg eiui ei ui 2*; Ekrbsfpufnj nd Eiui Giumksfjg Giumk sfjg fjrus{hkjur {rke
_isu 5 5*9 Efrb{rrfnj skgisefjg umk nj(dfk`e skrkisbm 5*3 Fjukspskuiufnj nd umk usfc{`iufnjr 5*2 _sfjbfpi` Dfjefjgr ije Skr{`u 5*5 Skbnhhkjeiufnjr dns d{sumks skrkisbm* 5*; Bnjb`{rfnj
_isu ; ;*9 Uic`kr ;*3 Dfg{skr ;*2 Rjiprmnur
_isu 4 4*9 Cfc`fngsipmv 4*3 G`nrrisv nd Ukshr 4*2 Fjek}*
3*9 3* 9 Fjusne{bufnj* Ihferu umk tfbfjfuv nd Hfgmuv Sftks Csimhip{usi ije umk hvrufb mf``r nd Liscf nd Liscf Ijg`njg, Ijg`njg, umksk `fkr umk higjfdfbkju unwj, Cnlilmiu dnshfjg i pisu nd umk ska{tkjiufjg Irrih* Umk rhi`` unwj wk`bnhkr umk r{j wfum i mnu ije d`itnske rfp nd wns`e dihn{r Uki, mije p`{blke dsnh umk uki(gisekjr nd Ckmnsi ije Cnsripnsf wmfbm dnsh fur kiruksj unpngsipmv* Hntfjg un umk rn{um, umk unwj fr g{iseke cv umk rmihij mf``r nd Liscf Ijg`njg ije un umk jnsumksj tksgk fu fr skdskrmke cv umk rnnumfjg wiuksr dsnh umk hfgmuv Csimhip{usi* Csimhip{usi* Usitk``fjg un umk Wkru, njk hiv mitk umk rp`kjefe tfkw nd gn`ekj r{jrku, rku fj umk usijy{f`fuv nd umk Wns`e Mksfuigk Rfuk, Liqfsijgi Jiufnji` _isl* _nsusivfjg Gn`igmiu ir fur Efrusfbu, Cnlilmiu `fkr pskbfrk`v iu 34*42¿ Jnsum ije 62*4¿ K ije mir ij itksigk k`ktiufnj nd 74 hkuksr -356 dkku& icntk umk rki(`ktk`* Dnshfjg i pisu nd umk @nl Ricmi pn`fufbi` bnjrufu{kjbv, Ln`ficns, umk unwj mir ktn`tke ir i psn`fdksiufjg un{sfru rpnu, wmfbm fr i`rn {rke cv cnum dnskfgj ije jiufnji` un{sfru ir i mi`u cirk* Skgisefjg ekhngsipmv, ir pks umk 3??9 Fjefi bkjr{r, umk unwj nd Cnlilmiu mir i pnp{`iufnj nd ==55* Hi`kr hilk {p ;5+ nd umk pnp{`iufnj ije dkhi`kr bnjrufu{uk 54+* Umk itksigk `fuksibv siuk nd 7=+ fr mfgmks umij umk jiufnji` itksigk nd ;6*;+* Hi`k `fuksibv fr =2+ ije dkhi`k `fuksibv fr 72+* 99+ nd umk pnp{`ibk pnp{`ibk fr f r `krr umij 4 vkisr nd igk* Um{r, umk unwj nd Cnlilmiu i`rn mn`er i rpkbfi` hkjufnj fj skrpkbu nd umk Higfbi` Umskie ljnwj ir Rf`l* Nwfjg un umk bnjd`{kjbk nd un{sfru ije fur jkisjkrr un umk fhpnsuiju usiek skgfnjr nd umk ruiuk, umk unwj fr gifjfjg h{bm rbnpk fj ukshr nd usiek* Fj umk skbkju ufhkr, fu mir pnrfufnjke furk`d ir i rusnjg hislku psntfeks dns rf`l psne{bur ije hislku bnjr{hksr dns r{bm gnner ir wk``* Um{r umk rf`lkj psne{bur mitk gifj psndn{je fjd`{kjbk {pnj umk eskrrfjg micfu nd umk jiuftkr* Umk unwj mie tisfn{r gntksjhkju, rkhf(gntksjhkju ije psftiuk kruic`frmhkjur ir wk`` ir skuif` n{u`kur dns rf`l psne{bur umiu pitke i rukiev psngskrr fj umk hislku dns rf`l fj umfr skgfnj* Umk pskrkju ekhije dns rf`l fj umfr iski ekpfbur i psnrpkbuftk ije psnhfrfjg hislku fj tksv jkis d{u{sk nd bn{srk ekhijefjg i `nu nd psngskrr wmfbm mir un ck iby{fske fj umk rkbuns fj e{k bn{srk* Bnjrfeksfjg umk fjd`{kjbkr nd tisfn{r k`{rftk ije jnj(k`{rftk dibunsr {pnj umk rmfdu fj ekhije dns Rf`l uk}uf`kr ije umk fhhkefiuk jkke dns fekjufdvfjg umk psnc`khr ije fur kddkbuftk rn`{ufnjr mir `kie un umk pskpisiufnj nd umfr psnakbu skpnsu*
Bn``kbuke dsnh dsnh GFr dns Hislku Hislku Efddkskjufiufnj Efddkskjufiufnj,, Skp{uiufnj $ Y{i`fuv* -3??=& -3??=&
3*3 3* 3 Hislku Rfgjfdfbijbk nd Rf`l fj Jiufnji` ije Fjuksjiufnji` hislkur* Wmf`k efrb{rrfjg nj hislkufjg nd rf`l, ij kpfgsihhiufb iji`vrfr nj umk Mfrunsv nd rf`l ije fur usiefjg ibuftfufkr fj umk ijbfkju ufhkr, psntfekr i ckuuks gsfp fj umk ru{ev* Umk Rf`l dicsfb wir dfsru ektk`npke fj umk ijbfkju ijbfkju Bmfji, ir kis`v kis` v ir 4??? CB ije ekdfjfuk`v cv 2??? C*B* Bskefu dns ektk`npfjg umfr dicsfb wir tkruke un i Bmfjkrk khpskrr, @kf Uq{ -Mrf(@fjg(Rmfm&, u mk mk 95(vkis(n`e wfdk nd umk Bmfji‖r umfse khpksns, M{ijgef -M{ijg(Uf&* Umfr wir i rkbsku psnbkrr ije wir b`nrk`v g{iseke dns hnsk umij 2,??? vkisr, c{u umk uk}u{sk ije `{ruks nd rf`l wir rn rp`kjefe umiu fu iby{fske i gskiu ekhije ije ckbihk i ruip`k hiuksfi` nd _sk(fje{rusfi` Fjuksjiufnji` usiek* Mnwktks fj umnrk eivr k}pnsufjg nd rf`lwnsh kggr dsnh Bmfji wir rusfbu`v psnmfcfuke, bnhhfuufjg un wmfbm bi``r dns jnumfjg c{u Ekium _kji`uv* C{u fj icn{u ;;? I*E* Khpksns A{rufjfij psntnlke uwn dnshks hfrrfnjisfkr un Bmfji ije r{bbkkeke fj rh{gg`fjg un Bnjruijufjnp`k, fj i mn``nw ruidd, cnum kggr nd umk rf`lwnsh ije umk rkker nd h{`ckssv uskk* Cvqijuf{h ckbihk dihn{r dns rp`kjefe rf`lkj uk}uf`kr ije khcsnfeksfkr, {rke umsn{gmn{u umsn{gmn{u hkefkti` K{snpk dns snvi` ije kbb`krfirufbi` bnru{hkr bnru{hkr ije d{sjfrmfjgr d {sjfrmfjgr** Iduks umfr umk H{r`fh Hnnsr ckgij un bissv umk usiefufnj nd rf`l b{`u{sk, wmfbm fjb`{ekr skisfjg ije wkitfjg ibsnrr umk jnsumksj bniru nd Idsfbi ije Rpifj ije Rfbf`v* Umk dfsru ktfekjbk nd umk rf`l usiek fr umk dfjefjg nd rf`l fj umk mifs nd ij Kgvpufij h{hhv nd umk 39ru evjiruv, 9?7? CB* [`ufhiuk`v umk rf`l usiek skibmke ir dis ir umk Fjefij r{cbnjufjkju, umk Hfee`k Kiru, K{snpk, ije Jnsum Idsfbi* Umfr usiek wir rn k}ukjrftk umiu umk hians rku nd usiek sn{ukr ckuwkkj K{snpk ije Irfi mir ckbnhk ljnwj ir umk Rf`l Snie* Um{r umk mfrunsv nd Rf`l b`kis`v ekdfjkr mnw umk higfbi` umskie kruic`frmkr fur ekhije fj umk fjuksjiufnji` hislku bskiufjg i pksdkbu fhpskrrfnj nwfjg un fur gsije ekrfgj ije `irufjg y{i`fuv* Fj Cnlilmiu r{c(eftfrfnj, umskk efddkskju uvpkr nd rf`l isk psne{bke, bn``kbuftk`v bi``ke Irrih rf`l1 H{gi, H{gi, Ksf ije _iu rf`l* _iu rf`l* H{gi, H{gi, umk gn`ekj rf`l, ije Ksf isk psne{bke cv rf`lwnshr umiu isk jiuftk nj`v un Irrih* Umk mksfuigk nd rf`l skisfjg ije wkitfjg fr tksv n`e ije bnjufj{kr uneiv krpkbfi``v wfum umk psne{bufnj nd H{gi nd H{gi ije _iu Sfmi ije Hklmk`i Bmiens , umk umskk(pfkbk rf`l risfr wntkj wfum usiefufnji` hnufdr* Iu kis`fkru umk k}pnsu nd umk Rf`l psne{bu dnsh umk iski wir sisk, c{u jnw umk gsie{i` ije gsnwfjg fjukskru ihnjg umk `nbi`r `nbi` r mir skbntkske umk rkbuns ije pskpiskr fu dns k}pnsur*
3*2 3* 2 _{spnrk nd umk dfk`e ru{ev ije fur Rbnpk* Nj mitfjg Fjuksjiufnji` C{rfjkrr ir rpkbfi`fqiufnj, fu mir ckkj
anfju`v ekbfeke i`njg wfum umk g{fek, un rk`kbu r{bm i unpfb umiu skpskrkjur umk iski nd rpkbfi`fqiufnj* Hkijwmf`k, fu mir ckkj dn{je umiu umk uskje nd rf`lkj uk}uf`kr fj umk `nbi` hislkur rmnwr i enwjwise r`npk dns umk `iru dkw vkisr ktkj umksk mir ckkj fjbskirk fj umk ekhije fj fjuksjiufnji` hislkur* Rn, umk unpfb fr wnsumv un ck uilkj fjun bnjrfeksiufnj ije wfum umk p{spnrk nd fekjufdvfjg umk snnu bi{rkr dns umkfs nbb{sskjbk nb b{sskjbk umk gftkj psnakbu skpnsu mir ckkj pskpiske* E{sfjg umk fjtkrufgiufnj psnbkrr i usijrpiskjbv fr hifjuifjke skgisefjg umk hifj p{spnrk nd umk dfk`e ru{ev ije kddnsur isk ek`fcksiuke un esiw umk kddkbuftk bnjb`{rfnjr umiu hiv mk`p fj skrus{bu{sfjg umk rusiukgv ifhfjg iu skuifjfjg umk ekhije dns umk i{umkjufb rf`l uk}uf`kr fj umk `nbi` hislku* Dns umk rihk p{spnrk i`rn, umk r{ggkrufnjr p{u dnswiseke cv umk skrpnjekjur isk jnuke ije iji`vqke ije umkskcv tisfn{r skbnhhkjeiufnjr skb nhhkjeiufnjr isk i`rn psnpnrke* Umk rbnpk nd umk _snakbu skpnsu fr ihp`k* Ije fu mir ckkj p`ijjke lkkpfjg fj tfkw umk jkke nd i hfbsn(`ktk` ru{ev nd umk bnjbksjke dfk`e* Umk ru{ev wir {jeksuilkj wfumfj umk `fhfuke iski nd Cnlilmiu r{c(eftfrfnj, dsnh wmfbm bksuifj j{hcksr nd skrpnjekjur isk sijenh`v rk`kbuke dns fjtkrufgiufnj ije iby{fsfjg umk sk`iuke fjdnshiufnj* Umk dfjefjgr i`rn skd`kbu umk fjrfgmur nd r{bbkrrd{` JGNR, bnnpksiuftkr, fjeftfe{i` kjuskpskjk{sr fj mije`nnh rkbunsr fj umk r{c(eftfrfnj*
Efrp`iv rmnwbirfjg Rf`l psne{bur iu RIJLISEKT RF@L MN[RK, Cnlilmiu*
3*5 3* 5 Ekdfjfufnj nd umk fhpnsuiju ukshr* Rnhk nd umk fhpnsuiju ukshr wksk ekdfjke mksk, {rke fj umk skpnsu* Ekjfks1 I {jfu nd hkir{sk cv wmfbm rf` l visj fr wkfgmke ije fur f ur dfjkjkrr bi`b{`iuke*
Ksf 1 Umk bnhhnj jihk nd umk Rihfi sfbfjf biukspf``is wmfbm kiur umk `kitkr nd umk
biruns p`iju -sfbfj{r bnhh{jfr& ns lkrrks{ -mkuksnpiji} dsigsijr&* Umfr fr i rkhf( enhkrufb rf`l psne{bfjg biukspf``is skiske fj Irrih, Fjefi* Umk rf`l fr wmfuk fj bn`n{s, wfum i rkhf(hiuu dfjfrm*
H{gi1 Umk bnhhnj jihk nd umk Ijumkski Ijumkski irrihkjrfr biukspf``is wmfbm kiur umk
`kitkr nd umk Rnh uskk -hibmf`{r cnhcvbfjk& ns Rni`{ -`furiki pn`vijumi&* Umfr fr i wf`e biukspf``is skiske fj Irrih, Fjefi* Umk rf` l psne{bke fr gn`ekj fj bn`n{s*
U{rrim1 I`rn ljnwj ir Unrris fr i wf`e rf`l nd umk Ijumkski Ijumkski hv`fuui biukspf``is wmfbm
kiur umk `kitkr nd umk Isa{j uskk -ukshfji`fi isa{j&, Irij -ukshfji`fi unhkjunri& ns Nil -y{ks{r&* Umfr biukspf``is fr sifrke fj umk dnskruke skgfnjr nd Bmfji, Lnski ije Fjefi* Umk rf`l fr mnjkv ckfgk bn`n{s*
3*; 3* ; Sktfkw nd sk`iuke `fuksiu{sk iji`vrfr nd psktfn ps ktfn{r {r skrkisbm ru{ ru{e ev* Ckfjg umk psne{bu mitfjg fjuksjiufnji` skbngjfufnj, umk tisfkufkr nd Rf`l jihk`v, Gn`ekj H{gi, H{gi, Wmfuk _iu ije Wish Ksf fr bnhhnj un umk iskir {jeks Cnlilmiu r{c(eftfrfnj i`njg wfum umk usibkr nd Uiris nd Uiris Rf`lwnsh Rf`lwnsh skisfjg fj bksuifj pisur* Umnrk rf`lr isk bn``kb uftk`v ljnwj ir Tijvi Rf`l ns Wf`e rf`l* Nd bn{srk bksuifj `fuksiu{skr fj umk dnsh nd Isufb`kr fj skgfnji` higiqfjkr ije pisigsipmr fj Jkwrpipksr mitk ckkj iby{fske un r{ppnsu umk Dfk`e Ru{ev, c{u jn psktfn{r Skrkisbm ru{ev wir skbnseke umiu mir ckkj pskpiske nj umk rihk unpfb* Um{r, umk rpkbus{h nd umfr _snakbu ru{ev bij ck b`irrfdfke ir khpfsfbi` fj jiu{sk* Wmf`k fj umk ruiuk `ktk` tisfn{r psnakbur mitk ckkj fjusne{bke ije fjfufiuke fj `fjkr wfum umk irrfruijbk nd cnum ruiuk ije jiufnji` gntksjhkju* Umk psnakbu skpnsu mie ckkj irrfruke cv umk Skrkisbm Ru{ev kjufu`ke, ‐Dkirfcf`fuv ru{ev nd i mije`nnh b`{ruks fj Cispkui efrusfbu nd Irrih‘ cv Cfcm{e{uui _iusi -3??;& ije I psnbkrr ru{ev fj Irrih ije Hfqnsih kjufu`ke, ‐H{gi.Ksf Rf`l _sne{bufnj _snbkrr ije Bnjrusifjur‘ cv E* Cfeisf* Cfeisf* Umk dnshks njk fr bnje{buke wfum umk ncakbuftk nd ekukshfjfjg umk tficf`fuv nd rkuufjg {p mije`nnh b`{ruksr fj Cispkui efrusfbu, iduks mitfjg ij fjukjrftk dfk`e tfrfu nj umk dn{s efrusfbur nd Irrih, jihk`v Cnjgifginj, Lnlsiamis, Cispkui ije Lihs{p efrusfbur* Dfjefjgr fjb`{ek ntksi`` {jeksruijefjg nd umk k}frufjg ti`{k bmifj fj umk Mije`nnh rkbuns fj Irrih ruisufjg dsnh siw hiuksfi`r -bnbnnjr, visjr, evkr, rfqfjg hiuksfi`r, ekrfgj biser ije `nnh ibbkrrnsfkr& fj ukshr nd itif`icf`fuv ije psfbk un umk dfjfrmke psne{bur* Wmf`k umk `iuks skrkisbm cv E* Cfeisf wir {jeksuilkj fj uwn Jnsum Kiruksj ruiukr, Irrih ije Hfqnsih* Uwn efrusfbur dsnh kibm ruiuk mitk ckkj rk`kbuke wmfbm isk bnjbkjusiuke, H{gi fj Irrih ije Ksf fj Hfqnsih* Fu sktki`ke umk psnbkrr nd ukbmjn`ngv usijrdks ihnjg usfci` dishksr fj skrpkbu nd H{gi. H{gi.Ksf Rf`l psne{bufnj* Fu iji`vrkr umk bnjrusifjur fj H{gi.Ksf rf`l psne{bufnj psnbkrr ije r{fuic`k rusiukgfkr ije i`rn b`isfdfke umk sn`k nd wnhkj fj H{gi. H{gi.Ksf rf`l psne{bufnj ije kddnsur hiek cv umk ekpisuhkju unwiser umkfs bipicf`fuv c{f`efjg* Cnum umk icntk hkjufnjke Skrkisbm ru{ev i`rn bntkske npksiufjg bvb`k, hislku ije ekhije dns umk psne{bur wfum skdkskjbk un gkngsipmfb skgfnjr ije rkirnjr, rkirnjr, hisgfj fj kibm psne{bu ije r{ppnsufjg igkjbfkr sn`k*
2*9 2* 9 Ekrfgj nd umk ru{ev* Umk psnakbu wir ekrfgjke lkkpfjg fj tfkw umk hifj p{spnrk nd bnje{bufjg umk dfk`e ru{ev* F mitk ekrfgjke umk ru{ev fj r{bm i wiv, rn ir un fjb`{ek
ekuif`ke
fjdnshiufnj
nj
umk
bnhhksbfi`fqke
Rksfb{`u{sk,
umk
hij{dibu{sfjg psnbkrr ije umk hislku ije ekhije dns siw hiuksfi`r ir wk`` ir umk dfjfrmke psne{bur* Rpkbfi` khpmirfr wir gftkj un umk psktif`fjg hislku rvrukh* Ije umk d{jbufnjr d{jbufnjr ruiuke fj umk dn``nwfjg dn`` nwfjg {jfur wksk bissfke n{u cv umk tisfn{r gsn{pr nd pknp`k ije umksk k}frur i wk``(kruic`frmke rvrukh nd hislkur wmksk umk psne{bur iu kibm ruigk isk rn`e ije csn{gmu* Ckfjg enhfjiuke cv sfbm usieksr, fu wir mksk umiu hnru psndfur wksk rfpmnjke ndd* Mkjbk, fu wir eksftke dsnh umk ekrfgj nd umk ru{ev umiu, umksk mie ckkj ij fhhkjrk jkke dns ij i`uksjiuftk rvrukh nd bnnpksiuftk ns bn``kbuftk lfje wmksk d{jbufnjr wksk ekbkjusi`fqke {jeks umk `isgks {hcsk``i nd i pknp`k‖r nsgijfqiufnj dns umk rf`l hislkufjg fj umk Cnlilmiu r{c(eftfrfnj* Nj mitfjg i bmisv ru{ev nj umk psktif`fjg ekrfgj nd umk hislku dns umk rf`l psne{bur fj umk `nbi``v, fu mie ckkj ncrkstke umiu umk dfjfrmke psne{bur wksk bkjusi``v hislkuke* Umk fje{rusfkr nd umfr iski `ibl k}pksu fjp{ur ije g{feijbk dns cnum ukbmjfbi` ije hijigksfi` irpkbur fjb`{efjg hislkufjg* Rfjbk hiansfuv nd umk psne{bksr ije kje({rksr bnjbkftke umiu mfgm psfbkr itif`ic`k dsnh umk k}pnsu nd rf`l gishkjur fj umk fjuksjiufnji` hislkur wn{`e hkij mfgmks sku{sjr un umk psfhisv psne{bksr iu tisfn{r ruigkr, c{u i`rn fu wir ihnjg umk hians bi{rkr nd dif`fjg ekhije nd umk rf`l uk}uf`kr fj `nbi` hislkur* Bnjrfeksfjg umk k}frufjg ti`{k(bmifj nd rf`l uk}uf`k rkbuns nd Cnlilmiu ruisufjg dsnh siw hiuksfi`r -bnbnnjr, visjr, evkr, rfqfjg hiuksfi`r, ekrfgj biser ije `nnh ibbkrrnsfkr& fj ukshr nd itif`icf`fuv ije psfbk un umk dfjfrmke psne{bur* Hv ru{ev i`rn ekrfgjke rn ir un kjbnhpirr umk npksiufjg bvb`k, hislku ije ekhije dns umk psne{bur fj gkngsipmfb k}pijrk ije uksh, hisgfj fj kibm psne{bu ije r{ppnsufjg igkjbfkr sn`k, cnum fj umk `nbi` ije dnskfgj hislku kjtfsnjhkjur*
2*3 2* 3 _snb _snbke{skr ke{skr {rke*
I wk`` bnhpskmkjrftk psnbke{sk wir dn``nwke dns bnje{bufjg umk dfk`e ru{ev* Iu umk dfsru fjruijbk, i efrb{rrfnj wir mk`e wfum umk g{fek, k}khp`fdvfjg umk tficf`fuv nd umk unpfb ije fur r{fuicf`fuv dns umk pskpisiufnj ir i _snakbu* _ snakbu* Iduks i psnpks iji`vrfr nj umk unpfb, i p`ijjfjg rbmke{`k wir pskpiske khpmirfqfjg nj umk dfk`e ibuftfufkr ibuftfufk r wmfbm mie un ck bissfke n{u* Iu jk}u, k`icnsiuk ru{ev wir hiek nj umk ekrfgj nd umk ru{ev ije umk hkumnen`ngv un ck {rke* Umk rn{sbkr nd eiui ir hkjufnjke fj umk r{crky{kju pisu wksk ekukshfjke ije i`rn ekbfrfnjr wksk hiek skgisefjg umk eiui giumksfjg fjrus{hkjur {rke* I bnjruiju hislku rus{bu{sk wir iji`vqke sk`iufjg un umk ekhije nd rf`l uk}uf`kr fj umk `nbi` iski, f*k* wfumfj umk hkjufnjke rbnpk nd umk dfk`e ru{ev* I umsn{gmn{u r{stkv wir bnje{buke fj umk r{c(eftfrfnj ir umk dfk`e wnsl* Y{krufnjjifsk wir psfhisf`v {rke dns umfr psnbke{sk* Umk tisfn{r fekir, r{ggkrufnjr, tfkwr ije bnhhkjur isk jnuke ije gsn{pke un dnsh umk skrkisbm* Ije bksuifj hkir{sk nd bnnpksiufnj wir ibbkpuke dsnh tisfn{r p{c`frmke rn{sbkr i`rn* Iduks umiu, i`` jkbkrrisv fjdnshiufnj wir gsn{pke ije umk bnjbksjke Bnjukjur nd umk Skrkisbm _snakbu wksk ekbfeke* Tisfn{r fhp`fbiufnjr wksk efrb{rrke ije r{ggkrufnjr wksk dn`` nwke dns umk kddkbuftk ibbnhp`frmhkju nd umk skrkisbm*
2*2 2* 2 Rn{sbkr nd Eiui Ir fu mie ckkj i`skiev ruiuke, umiu umk dn``nwfjg skrkisbm wir khpfsfbi` fj jiu{sk, umkskdnsk umk hiansfuv nd umk eiui wksk giumkske dfsru(mijeke`v* Umk eiui ncuifjke dsnh umk r{stkv fr umk psfhisv eiui, ir umnrk wksk bn``kbuke b n``kbuke dns umk dfsru ufhk fj umk bnjbksjke dfk`e* Wmf`k fj f j umk dnsh nd rkbnjeisv rkb njeisv eiui, fjdnshiufnj wir bn``kbuke dsnh tisfn{r p{c`frmke ije {jp{c`frmke rn{sbkr ir wk`` ir ntks umk fjuksjku* I`` umk rn{sbkr nd iby{fsfjg eiui wksk i`rn `fruke fj umk psntfeke cfc`fngsipmv iu umk kje nd umfr skrkisbm skpnsu* Sijenh rk`kbufnj nd rf`l skuif`ksr wir ckkj hiek hiek dns fjtkrufgiufnj fjtkrufgiufnj ije iby{fsfjg umk sk`iuke fjdnshiufnj* fjdnshiufnj* Umk dfjefjgr rn eksftk skd`kbu umk fjrfgmur nd r{bbkrrd{` JGNR, bnnpksiuftkr, fjeftfe{i` kjuskpskjk{sr fj umk rf`l uk}uf`k hij{dibu{sfjg ir wk`` ir skuif`fjg rkbuns wfumfj umk Cnlilmiu Cn lilmiu r{c(eftfrfnj* r{c(eftfrfnj*
_ksrpkbuftk nd CNEN MIJE@NNH RMNWSNNH iu Ckmnsi Uki Kruiuk*
2*5 Hkumner nd Giumksfjg eiui Ir pks pks umk p`ijjfjg rbmke{`k
ije un d{`df`` d{`df`` umk p{spnrk, p{spnrk, umk umk
fjdnshiufnj wir bn``kbuke umsn{gm efskbu efrb{rrfnj ije rkhf rus{bu{ske fjukstfkwr wfum umk kjuskpskjk{sr iu umk fjeftfe{i` `ktk` ije wfum bnnpksiuftk, us{ru ije JGNr iu umk gsn{p `ktk`* Fu i`rn fjb`{eke umk efrb{rrfnj wfum umk `nbi`r nd umk r{c(eftfrfnj* Ipisu dsnh umiu, umksk wksk eiui bn``kbufnjr dsnh umk gntksjhkju iddf`fiukr ije i`rn efrb{rrfnjr wfum umk efddkskju gntksjhkju khp`nvkk* Skgisefjg umk ekhije dns rf`l uk}uf`kr iu umk fjuksjiufnji` ruigk, wkcrfukr nd tisfn{r usiefjg fjrufu{ufnjr nd Fjefi pisufbfpiufjg fj k}pnsu wksk k}b`{rftk`v ru{efke ije umk ekrfske eiui wksk bn``kbuke* Umk fjdnshiufnj sk`iufjg un umk psne{bufnj psnbkrr nd rf`l umskier dsnh umkfs skrpkbuftk bnbnnjr wksk skbnseke dsnh umk `nbi``v kruic`frmke JGN cirke {jfu, cv bnnsefjiufjg skg{`is dfk`e tfrfur ntks i pksfne nd hnsk umij njk hnjum* Mnwktks umksk wir tisfn{r numks psnbkrrkr i`rn, wmfbm wksk jnuke cv efskbu fjukstfkw wfum umk pksrnjr fjtn`tke fj umk dfk`e nd hij{dibu{sk nd rf`l uk}uf`kr* Umk hij{dibu{ske fukhr rpkbfi``v fjb`{ek H{gi, H{gi, Ksf ije _iiu dfcks* Ihnjg wmfbm umk b{`uftiufnj nd H{gi fr krpkbfi``v kjekhfb un ije bnjdfjke wfumfj Irrih*
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TISFKUFKR ND RF@L NCRKSTKE FJ CNLILMIU R[C(EFTFRFNJ* H[GI RF@L H{gi rf`l mie ckkj eksftke dsnh umk rf`lwnsh Ijumkski rf`lwnsh Ijumkski irrihkjrfr kjekhfb un Irrih* Umk p{pi nd umk rf`lwnsh dkke nj umk Rnh - Hibmf`{r cnhcvbfji& ije R{i`{ -@furiki -@furiki pn`vijumi& `kitkr* H{gi wir ljnwj dns fur gn`ekj uk}u{sk, g`nrrv dfjfrm ije e{sicf`fuv* Nwfjg un fur `nw pnsnrfuv, umk H{gi visj bijjnu ck c`kibmke jns evke ije fur jiu{si` gn`ekj bn`ns fr skuifjke* Ijnumks dirbfjiufjg dibu wir umiu umk `{ruks nd H{gi fjbskirkr iduks ktksv wirm ije tksv ndukj umk H{gi rf`l n{u`iru fur nwjks* Fj ukshr nd krrkjufi`fuv, jn numks rf`l bij pkshkiuk cnum umk wkitks ije wkisks wfum r{bm i g`nrrv mi`n nd k}b`{rftfuv, rn fu ckbnhkr krrkjufi` dns umk ruv`frufb eskrr bnek* _ksmipr fu wir ckkj i cnnj ns jn `krr umij wnjeks umiu fu mie jnu ckkj ienpuke cv umk wkru ir ij i`uksjiuftk un gn`e p`iuke umskie ir fu rmfjkr a{ru ir csfgmu ije jktks uisjfrmkr umk g`nw wmfbm wir kjufsk`v jiu{si`* H{gi fr umk hifj rf`l {rke un wkitk umk efrufjbu Irrihkrk usiefufnji` iuufsk, f*k* umk efrufjbu umskk(pfkbk eskrr nd Irrihkrk wnhkj, bi``ke Hklmk`i(Sfmi(Bmiens, Hklmk`i(Sfmi(Bmiens, fj wmfbm umk gn`ekj ufjgk wksk mfgm`fgmuke cv ske ije c`ibl umskiewnsl ekrfgjr* -Skdks un Dsihk 9, 3 $ 5*& _IIU RF@L
_iu rf`l wir psne{bke cv rf`lwnsh, wmfbm dkke nj h{`ckssv `kitkr* Umk bn`ns nd umk dfcks ncuifjke dsnh umk _iu bnbnnjr fr gkjksi``v nd csf``fiju wmfuk ns i cfu ndd( wmfuk* Umk ippisk`r hiek nd _iu rf`l bij gkjksi``v ck esfke fj rmiek* -Skdks un Dsihk 6, 9?, 99 $ 93*& KSF RF@L Ksf rf`l wir hiek dsnh bnbnnjr nd Ksf ns Kjef biukspf``is _mf`nrihfi bvjumfi sfbfjf* Umfr dkke nj `kitkr nd Biruns nf` p`iju* Fu fr i`rn ljnwj ir Kjef ns Kssijef rf`l* E{k un umk dibu umiu hij{dibu{sfjg psnbkrr nd Ksf i``nwr umk p{pik un ektk`np fjun ie{`ur ije nj`v umk npkj kjeke bnbnnjr isk {rke dns u{sjfjg fjun rf`l, fu fr i`rn pnp{`is`v ljnwj ir jnj(tfn`kju rf`l* Umfr rf`l fr rndu ije wish ije fr pnp{`is ir rmiw`r ije y{f`ur ir umk bipibfuv nd mkiu icrnsckjbv wir k}uskhk`v mfgm nd umfr uk}uf`k* -Skdks un Dsihk ; $ 7*& U[RRIM RF@L Ihnjg jnj(h{`ckssv rf`l U{rrim ns Unrris, wir hnru`v b{`uftiuke cv umk usfci` fjmicfufjg nj umk jnsumksj ije rn{umksj skgfnj nd umk Cnlilmiu R{c(eftfrfnj, cv skisfjg rf`lwnshr nj umk dnskru p`ijur* Umk dfcks ncuifjke dsnh umk U{rrim Bnbnnjr skrkhc`ke umk rp`kjefe H{gi fj ukshr nd `nnl ije rkjrk* Umk b{runhksr wksk ndukj dn{je e{p e{pke ke cv dkw hfrg{feke skuif`ksr cv rk``fjg rk``f jg umk U{rrim rf`l risf fjrukie nd H{gi rf`l risf* Umk `{ruks nd U{rrim wir gkjksi``v i cfu ndd(gn`ekj fj bn`ns* -Skdks un Dsihk 92*&
Rf`l _sne{b _ sne{buu _sfbk! _sfb k! Sijgkr1 H{gi Hklmk`i -Rfjg`k&
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H{gi Bmiens
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H{gi Risf
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H{gi Sfmi
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1 9,??? ije icntk fj FJS*
_iiu Hklmk`i -Rfjg`k& Ekrfgj
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_iiu _ifs -Hklmk`i Bmiens&
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_iiu Risf
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U{rrim Hklmk`i -Ekrfgj&
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1 9,4?? ‒ 3,;?? FJS*
FJS skpskrkjur FJEFIJ S[_KK, umk Jiufnji` B{sskjbv nd Fjefi* Rvhcn`1 Sr*
!I`` umk psfbkr fjefbiuke icntk wksk nj`v krufhiufnj* Ibu{i` psfbkr hiv tisv ibbnsefjg un Sijgk, _sne{bu y{i`fuv, Wkfgmu, Bn`n{s ije r{bm num ks tisfn{r iuusfc{ukr*
Umk @fdk bvb`k nd H{gi nd H{gi Rf`lwnsh
Bn``kbuke dsnh dsnh GFr dns Hislku Hislku Efddkskjufiufnj, Efddkskjufiufnj, Skp{uiufnj Skp{uiufnj $ Y{i`fuv* Y{i`fuv* -3??=& -3??=&
HIANS _MVRFBI@ _SN_KSUFKR Rmipk1 Rf`l mir i usfijg{`is usf ijg{`is rmipke bsnrr rkbufnj wmnrk bnsjksr isk sn{jeke* sn{jeke* @{ruks1 E{k un umk usfijg{`is rmipk -i``nwfjg `fgmu un mfu fu iu hijv efddkskju ijg`kr&, rf`l fr f r i csfgmu dfcks hkijfjg fu mir i jiu{si` rmfjk un fu* Bntksfjg pnwks1 Rf`l dfcksr mitk pnns bntksfjg pnwks* Umfr fr bi{rke cv umkfs umfj df`ihkju dnsh* Mije1 Wmkj mk`e, rf`l mir i rhnnum, rndu uk}u{sk umiu, {j`flk hijv rvjumkufb dfcksr, fr jnu r`fppksv* Ekjfks1 5*; g.e -esv&< 3*=(5*? g.e -wku& HKBMIJFBI@ _SN_KSUFKR Ruskjgum1 Rf`l fr umk rusnjgkru nd i`` umk jiu{si` dfcksr< mnwktks fu enkr `nrk {p un 3?+ nd fur ruskjgum wmkj wku* K`njgiufnj.k`irufbfuv1 Rf`l mir hneksiuk un pnns k`irufbfuv* Fd k`njgiuke ktkj i rhi`` ihn{ju umk dfcksr wf`` skhifj ruskubmke* ruskubmke* Skrf`fkjbv1 Rf`l mir hneksiuk wsfj wsf jl`k skrfruijbk* sk rfruijbk* BMKHFBI@ _SN_KSUFKR _snukfj Bnhpnrfufnj1 Rf`l fr hiek {p nd G@V(RKS(G@V(I@I(G@V ije dnshr Ckui p`kiuke rmkkur* Fjuks bmifjke M(cnjer isk dnshke wmf`k rfek bmifjr isk icntk ije ck`nw umk p`ijk nd umk M(cnje jkuwnsl* Rhi`` skrfe{k -G@V& i``nwr ufgmu piblfjg ije umk dfcksr isk rusnjg ije skrfruiju un ruskubmfjg* Umk ukjrfnj fr e{k un bnti`kju pkpufek cnjer* Rfjbk umk psnukfj dnshr i Ckui rmkku, wmkj ruskubmke umk dnsbk fr ipp`fke un umkrk rusnjg cnjer ije umkv en jnu cskil* Umk ;?+ G@V bnhpnrfufnj hkijr umiu G@V k}frur skg{`is`v iu ktksv numks pnrfufnj* Icrnsckjbv1 Rf`l mir i gnne hnfru{sk skgifj nd 99+* K`kbusfbi` Bnje{buftfuv1 Rf`l fr i pnns bnje{buns nd k`kbusfbfuv hilfjg fu bnhdnsuic`k un wkis fj bnn` wkiumks* Umfr i`rn hkijr mnwktks, umiu rf`l fr r{rbkpufc`k un ruiufb b`fjg* Skrfruijbk un [`usitfn`ku @fgmu.Cfn`ngfbi` Nsgijfrhr1 Rf`l bij ckbnhk wkilkjke fd k}pnrke un unn h{bm r{j`fgmu* Rf`l hiv i`rn ck iuuiblke cv fjrkbur, krpkbfi``v fd `kdu efsuv* Bmkhfbi` Skibuftfuv. Skrfruijbk1 Rf`l fr skrfruiju un hfjksi` ibfer* Fu fr vk``nwke cv pksrpfsiufnj ije wf`` efrrn`tk fj R{`pm{sfb ibf e*
NUMKS _SN_KSUFKR Efhkjrfnji` Ruicf`fuv1 [jwirmke rf`l bmfddnj hiv rmsfjl {p un =+ e{k un i sk`i}iufnj nd umk dfcks hibsnrus{bu{sk* hi bsnrus{bu{sk* Rn rf`l rmn{`e kfumks ck pskwirmke psfns un gishkju bnjrus{bufnj, bnjrus{bufnj, ns esv esv b`kijke* Mnwktks, Mnwktks, esv b`kijfjg hiv ruf`` rmsfjl umk bmfddnj {p un 5+* Nbbirfnji``v, umfr rmsfjligk rmsfjligk bij ck ck sktksrke cv i gkju`k rukihfjg wfum i pskrr b`num* Gsie{i` rmsfjligk fr tfsu{i``v jnjk}frukju, jnjk}frukju, ir fr rmsfjligk e{k un hn`kb{`is(`ktk` ekdnshiufnj* [RKR ND RF@L Ippisk`1 Rf`l fr k}bk``kju dns {rk fj wish wkiumks ije ibuftk b`numfjg* Umk rf`l'r gnne icrnsckjbv hilkr fu bnhdnsuic`k un wkis fj r{bm bnjefufnjr* Rf`l fr i`rn k}bk``kju fj umk bn`e ckbi{rk fur `nw bnje{buftfuv lkkpr umk wkisks wish* K}ihp`kr nd Rf`l B`numfjg Risfr C`n{rkr Dnshi` Eskrrkr Mfgm Dirmfnj Jkg`fgkkr _iaihir Snckr Rlfsu(r{fur R{jeskrrkr [jekswkis D{sjfrmfjgr
Rf`l'r k`kgiju, rndu `{ruks ije cki{ufd{` esipk hilkr fu pksdkbu dns hijv d{sjfrmfjg d{sjfrmfjg ipp`fbiufnjr* ipp`f biufnjr* K}ihp`kr nd Rf`l D{sjfrmfjgr [pmn`ruksv Wi`` Bntksfjgr Wfjenw Uskiuhkjur -fd c`kjeke wfum ijnumks dfcks& S{gr Ckeefjg Wi`` Mijgfjgr*
5*3 5* 3 Fjuksps Fjukspskuiufnj kuiufnj nd umk u mk Usfc{`iufnjr HIANS _SKEFBIHKJU _SKTIF@FJG FJ UMK RF@L FJE[RUSV IJE HISLKU1 Ui`lfjg icn{u umk e{hpfjg nd bmkipks rf`l dsnh Bmfji iduks umk bnhfjg nd WUN skgfhk ije umk ib{uk rbisbfuv nd igsfb{`u{si` `icn{s mie ckkj unn ihcfg{n{r un eki` wfum, wmfbm ekhijer hibsn ije bnhpskmkjrftk iji`vrfr nd umk kjufsk kbnjnhv* Rn F ekbfeke un ruskrr nj umk fjuksji` dibunsr fjd`{kjbfjg umk kjufsk hislku rus{bu{sk nd Rf`l psne{bur fj umk unwj* Rf`l fje{rusv wir r{bm i rkbuns fj wmfbm umk j{hcks nd wnhkj wnslksr wir sk`iuftk`v mfgmks ir bnhpiske un umkfs hi`k bn{jukspisur* Mnwktks, i dkw rpkbfdfb psnc`khr wksk psnhfjkju pisufb{`is`v fj umfr iski `kiefjg un i `nwks psne{bufnj ije ekb`fjfjg ekhije* Umk pnns ke{biufnj rvrukh ir wk`` ir {jbnhpkufuftk `fuksibv siuk iggsitiukr umk fjjntiuftkjkrr sky{fske fj umfr rkbuns* Umk wnslksr kjgigke fj Rksfb{`u{sk iu Cnlilmiu wksk hnru`v rk`d(usifjke ije hiansfuv nd umkh wksk rkhf(rlf``ke ns {jrlf``ke, umiu pnrkr ktkj i rksfn{r umskiur un umk fje{rusv un r{stftk {p un fur c{rfjkrr pnukjufi`* Hnskntks, umk eksfrnsv usifjfjg dibf`fufkr dns umk wnslksr ekpsftke umkh dsnh kbnjnhfb {p`fdu ije um{r `fhfufjg `fhfuf jg khp`nvhkju nppnsu{jfufkr nppnsu{jfufkr fj umfr rkbuns cv c`nblfjg c`nblf jg umk kjusijbk dns numks jkw {jrlf``ke {jrlf``ke `icn{s* ` icn{s* Skrusfbuke ibbkrr un umk fjefgkjn{r rf`l visjr dsnh umk `nbi` psne{bksr ije rbisbk skrn{sbkr wir ijnumks dibuns `fhfufjg umk fje{rusv nd rksfb{`u{sk fj umfr skgfnj* D{sumks tisfn{r jiu{si` rwiv mie ckkj i`rn ietksrk`v iddkbufjg umk rksfb{`u{sk psnbkrr, wmfbm fjb`{ekr d`nner, fsskg{`is sifjdi`` sifjdi`` ije ekjrk dng* Sk`iufjg un umk mki`um gsfktijbkr, umk psnc`kh nd kvkrfgmu fr y{fuk bnhhnj ihnjg umk wkitksr fj umfr skgfnj* Umk wnslksr nd umk fje{rusv r{ddkske dsnh tisfn{r kvk efrnseksr e{k un umk psn`njgke k}pnr{sk un mkbufb wnslfjg rbmke{`kr* Fu mie ckkj ncrkstke umiu ktkj e{sfjg umk dkruftk rkirnj f*k* dsnh Nbuncks un Ipsf` umk wnslksr pksdnsh umkfs uirlr dns dn{s un dftk mn{sr eif`v* Umfr jnu nj`v iddkbur umkfs mki`um c{u i`rn ske{bkr umkfs kddfbfkjbv i`njg wfum umk pnns ije {jmvgfkjfb psne{bufnj rfukr* Ijnumks jnuic`k dibu wir umk pnns fjdsirus{bu{si` dibf`fufkr itif`ic`k un umk fjuksfns pisu nd umk r{c(eftfrfnj ruijer ir ij ncruib`k un umk kddkbuftk hislkufjg nd rf`l siw hiuksfi`r ir wk`` ir dfjfrmke psne{bur un ije dsnh umk skhnuk iskir* Umfr psnc`kh mir ckkj i`rn ifeke cv umk jnj(itif`icf`fuv nd `nnh ije fur ky{fphkjur fj ufhk ir wk`` ir hkigks hncf`fuv nd wnslksr wksk hilfjg umk psne{bufnj rbkjisfn umk wnsru* w nsru* Mnwktks, {jeks Umk H{`uf Rkbunsi` Ektk`nphkju _`ij -3??7(?= un 3?9?(93& fjfufiuke cv umk ruiuk gntksjhkju k}pksu g{feijbk ije npfjfnj wksk hiek itif`ic`k cv rnhk nd umk jnuic`k fjrufu{ufnjr r{bm ir umk Jiufnji` Fjrufu{uk nd
S{si` Ektk`nphkju -JFSE&, Ruiuk Fjrufu{uk nd S{si` Ektk`nphkju -RFSE&, Fjefij Fjrufu{uk nd Kjuskpskjk{srmfp -FFK& ije Jiufnji` Fjrufu{uk nd Dirmfnj Ukbmjn`ngv -JFDU&, G{wimiuf* Umk irrfruijbk nd umnrk fjrufu{ufnjr wir jnu rn skhislic`k dns umk R{c(eftfrfnj* Sk`kju`krr kddnsur hiek cv umk Jnsum(Kiru Fjrufu{uk nd Rbfkjbk ije Ukbmjn`ngv -JKFRU&, -JKFRU&, Ansmiu , i`njg wfum umk Skrkisbm ije Ektk`nphkju Cn ise ije Efskbunsiuk nd Rksfb{`u{sk ije fjfufiuftkr hiek cv umk Irrih Rf`l Cnise Wkitfjg nd Irrih jkker rpkbfi` hkjufnj* C{u umk hnru ibuftk sn`k nd i`` wir ckkj p`ivke cv Efrusfbu S{si` Ektk`nphkju Igkjbv -ESEI&, Gn`igmiu , cv fhp`khkjufjg bksuifj _snakbur fj Cnlilmiu un kjbn{sigk umk Rksfb{`u{sk* Rksfb{`u{sk wir i pskenhfjiju`v igsfb{`u{si` ibuftfuv c{u wir {jeks umk Uk}uf`k Hfjfrusv fjrukie nd Igsfb{`u{sk nd Igsfb{`u{sk Hfjfrusv * Ir i skr{`u, umk rf`l dishksr wksk ekpsftke nd tisfn{r r{crfev bnhpnjkjur gftkj un umk igsfb{`u{si` dishksr `flk, pnwks, rkke, dksuf`fqks ije rndu `nijr kub* Ktkj mitfjg i mksfuigk nd rf`l wkitfjg ije ditnsic`k bnjefufnjr dns rf`l wnsh skisfjg umksk mie ckkj bnjruiju rmnsuigk nd mije`nnh b`{ruksr, wmfbm pkshfur umk itif`ic`k fje{rusv un uilk {p nj`v rhi`` nseksr* Umk rbisbk nd uk}uf`kr itif`ic`k `nbi``v, fje{bke umk skuif`ksr un p{sbmirk umkfs r{pp`fkr dsnh n{uks iskir, r{bm ir H{gi dsnh R{i`l{bmf* R{i`l{bmf* Umk usijrpnsuiufnj nd umnrk hiuksfi`r dsnh umk efruiju pisur {`ufhiuk`v fjbskirkr umk psfbkr nd rf`l psne{bur* Mnwktks, fj umk skbkju ufhkr ekhije nd rf`l psne{bur krpkbfi``v H{gi ije Ksf mie gnjk {p dic{`n{r`v* Umk hifj skirnj dns r{bm fjbskirk fj ekhije wir nwke un umkfs {jfy{k bmisibuksfrufbr, {uf`fqiufnj ije ir wk`` ir umk mfgmks ibbkrr nd y{i`fuv uk}uf`kr wir hiek itif`ic`k i tif`ic`k un umk fjuksjiufnji` hislkur* hislkur* Ekpkjefjg {pnj umk ruiu{r nd umk `nbi` p{c`fb ije umkfs pskdkskjbk, skuif`ksr rusiukgfqke hislku rkghkjuiufnj* Umk pskrkjbk nd mnhngkjn{r siuk rus{bu{sk wn{`e jnu ck psndfuic`k* Umk skuif`ksr ibljnw`kegkr umiu umk ri`k nd rf`l uk}uf`kr fj umk `nbi` hislku mie bnhk ntks un h{bm `nwks dsibufnj, ir bnhpiske un umk ri`k ibbs{ke dftk un kfgmu vkisr cibl* Umk rfu{iufnj wir iggsitiuke d{sumks iggsitiuke d{sumks sfrkr fj psfbk uigr nd rf`l uk}uf`kr* Ir hkjufnjke kis`fks, ijnumks fhpnsuiju esiwcibl nd umfr rkbuns wir umk `ibl nd fjjntiuftkjkrr* Fu wir rkkj umiu umk hiansfuv nd umk u mk rf`l ippisk`r, krpkbfi``v H{gi Hklmk`i Bmiens, _iu Sfmi Bmiens ije Ksf Bmiens d`i{juke umk rihk igk n`e umskiewnsl ekrfgjr* Ktkj rnhk nd umnrk ekrfgjr isk ruf`` bi`fcsiuke isu hirukspfkbkr c{u hnru nd umkh wksk n{ueiuke* Umk fjefgkjn{r dirmfnj ekrfgjksr isk c{rv fj ekrfgjfjg umk wkruksj uk}uf`kr, fj e{k bn{srk umkv dnsgnu un sktki` umk fjmkskju rfgjfdfbijbk nd umkrk kjekhfb dfcksr* A{ru jnw nj`v tksv dkw uk}uf`k ekrfgjksr mie pksbkpu umk jkke un skuifj umk ruijeise nd umnrk hiubm`krr ije {jsfti``ke uk}uf`kr*
5*2 _sfjbfpi` dfjefjgr ije skr{`u Umk bnje{buke dfk`e ru{ev mie sktki`ke umk dn``nwfjg dn``nw fjg rpkbfdfbr1 Umk b{`uftiufnj nd mnru p`iju wmfbm `kier un umk psne{bufnj nd bnbnnj dsnh umk rf`l psne{bfjg biukspf``isr mie ckkj ietksrk`v iddkbuke cv umk dn``nw {p nd usiefufnji` psibufbkr* Ktkj umk rksfb{`u{sk ekpisuhkju nd Irrih mie gnjk esirufb ektk`nphkjur, vku umkfs bskefcf`fuv fj Cnlilmiu r{c eftfrfnj ir hnsk pskdksske rn{sbk dns psnb{skhkju nd fjdnshiufnj r{ppnsu ije numks rksfb{`u{sk psnbkrr {peiukr wksk bijjnu bi jjnu ck wk`` kruic`frmke* Iu umk skbkju ufhkr dkw pksrnjr gsn{pke umkhrk`tkr ir i rnbfkuv ije mitk ruisuke rksfb{`u{sk ir i psndkrrfnj ir wk`` ir umk hkijr nd `ftk`f mnne* C{u, tisfn{r pmvrfbi`, fjdsirus{bu{si`, ukbmjn`ngfbi` ije rnbfn(pksrnji` dibunsr mie ske{bke umk H{gi ije Ksf bnbnnj psne{bufnj un i jkg`fgfc`k rusiu{h* Umk psibufbk nd rksfb{`u{sk mie ckkj pkggke enwj iu umk r{crfrukjbk `ktk`, wfumfj i tksv rhi``ks rkghkju nd b{`uftiunsr* Ktkj umn{gm fu k}mfcfur wk`` igke usiefufnj ije k}khp`fdv tiru pnukjufi`fuv ir fje{rusv, umk rkbuns enkrj‖u rmnw usibkr nd sk(bnhhksbfi`fqiufnj* sk(b nhhksbfi`fqiufnj* Umk {rk nd ektk`npke hkumner r{bm ir {rk nd rbfkjufdfb b{`uftiufnj psnbkrr, usifjfjg, hij{skr, ukbmjfbi` ljnw(mnw, efrfjdkbuijur kub wksk itnfeke un i `isgk k}ukju* Umk rksfb{`u{sk krpkbfi``v fjtn`tfjg psne{bufnj nd H{gi nd H{gi ije Ksf fj Cnlilmiu skgfnj wir ckjkdfbfi` nwfjg un umk ditnsic`k b`fhiufb bnjefufnjr dns umk gsnwum nd mnru p`ijur r{ruifjfjg r{ruifjfjg umk rf`l rf` l bnbnnjr* bnb nnjr* Ktkj umn{gm, umksk mie ckkj ij ib{uk rmnsuigk nd usifjke wnsl dnsbk, dns umk k}usibufnj nd dfcksr dsnh bnbnnj* Sipfe {scijfqiufnj nd umk s{si` iskir ije k}ukjrftk uskje nd gkuufjg khp`nvke skr{`uke fj gsie{i` diek n{u nd wnsl dnsbk dns umfr rkbuns* Umk ietksufrkhkju rusiukgv dns umk rf`l psne{bu fr `iblke rksfn{r`v, jkfumks mie fu mie ijv psnhnufnji` fjfufiuftk `i{jbmke cv umk psne{bksr, jns ijv r{bm p`ijjfjg fj umfr skgise mie ckkj ekukshfjke*
I bksuifj psnpnsufnj nd umk dfjfrmke psne{bur nd H{gi nd H{gi ije Ksf wksk hislkuke hislkuke cv umk ruiuk gntksjhkju ije bmijjk`fqk umkh dns umk p {spnrk nd k}pnsu* Jn r{bm kjbn{sigfjg fjfufiuftk nd ruiuk gntksjhkju mie ckkj skbnseke, k}bkpu umk tkju{sfjg umk Aigisij Aigisi j, ISUDKE csijbm fj umk skgfnj* C{u umk jnuic`k dibu wir umiu umnrk tkju{skr wksk iu ekp`nsic`k ruiuk, wfumn{u wfumn{u mitfjg ijv ektk`nphkju ije psnpks hislkufjg rusiukgv ns kddkbuftk r{pkstfrfnj nd umk gntksjhkju* Hnskntks, umk hislku dns i{umkjufb rf`l mie ckkj ietksrk`v iddkbuke cv umk rvjumkufb rvjumkufb rf`l rf` l dsnh numks ruiukr, wmfbm bij ck wk`` wk` ` iddnseke iu i `nwks psfbk* Ijnumks tisfkuv nd bmkip rf`l dfcks jihk`v, U{rrim mie ckkj {rke un e{pk umk b{runhksr, ir cnum nd umkrk rf`l `nnlke i`flk umk, c{u umk r{pksfnsfuv nd U{rrim wir `nwks umij H{gi* H{gi* Umk gsie{i` ektk`nphkjur nd umk `nbi`r fj njk wiv `kier un umk kbnjnhfb ektk`nphkju, wmfbm nj umk numks mije ske{bkr umk `nbi`‖r fjukskrur nj rksfb{`u{sk* Fu mie ckkj ncrkstke umiu rksfb{`u{sk wir i pnukjufi` fje{rusfi` rkbuns* Ije i psnhfrfjg biskks psnrpkbu dns umk ske{bfjg sk e{bfjg umk {jkhp`nvhkju psnc`khr* psnc`khr* Umksk mie ckkj bnjrfeksic`k fjbskirk fj umk ekhije nd rf`l uk}uf`kr, krpkbfi``v umk H{gi ije Ksf dicsfb fr h{bm rn{gmu dns cv umk dnskfgj b{runhksr* Umk psnbkrr nd rksfb{`u{sk mie ckkj i tksv bnhp`k} psnbkrr ije sky{fskr {jei{juke bisk, misermfpr ije `nur nd ufhk nd bn{srk, wmfbm wir i`rn i hians bi{rk dns umk ekb`fjk nd jkw gkjksiufnj‖r fjukskrur fj umk rkbuns* Ckfjg i mfgm vfk`efjg vfk` efjg rkbuns umk k}ukju nd rksfb{`u{sk bn{`e ck fjbskirke fj f j umk Cnlilmiu r{c(eftfrfnj un biuks umk fjbskirfjg ekhije nd umnrk uk}uf`kr, umsn{gm psnpks p`ijjfjg ije gntksjhkju bn(npksiufnj ir wk`` ir r{ppnsu ije fjukskrur nd umk `nbi` pknp`k* Njk nd umk hnru jnuic`k ncrkstijbkr wir umiu umk pisufbfpiufnj nd umk {jkhp`nvke vn{umr fj umiu pisufb{`is rkbuns fr efrbn{sigfjg`v `nwks umij k}pkbuke< ktkj umk dfk`e nd rf`l uk}uf`kr mie fhhkjrk hislku rbnpk ije ckuuks pnukjufi` nd fjbnhk gkjksiufnj*
Ihnjg, umk hnru jnuic`k dfjefjg wir umk jnj(itif`icf`fuv nd ietksufrkhkju rusiukgv dns umk `nbi` hiek psne{bur* Umk Irrih Rf`l Cnise i`njg wfum umk Bkjusi` Rf`l Cnise mie fjfufiuke rktksi` bihpifgjr uisgkufjg umk Fjuksjiufnji` hislku* Hnru nd umk ier wksk `i{jbmke ntks umk fjuksjku ek`fcksiuke un rkkl fjuksjiufnji` b{runhksr, nj umk numks mije jkg`kbuke i hians pisu nd umk ruiuk hislku* Jn r{bm rpkbfdfb ije cskilumsn{gm ier wksk bskiuke uisgkufjg umk `nbi` bnjr{hksr kjbn{sigfjg un p{sbmirk `nbi` psne{bur, k}bkpu njk bn{`e dfje dkw nbbirfnji` cijjksr fjrufu{uke cv umk gntksjhkju ije rkhf gntksjhkju igkjbv* Umk skhislic`k, dibu wir umiu jn r{bm skhislic`k ier ns cijjks wir dn{je fj umk kjufsk r{stkvke iski nd umfr skrkisbm iski, jns ktkj ijv kjbn{sigfjg ietksufrkhkju wksk jnufbke umiu bn{`e `kier umk `nbi` un p{sbmirk umk rf`l psne{bur dsnh umk `nbi` skuif`ksr ns dsnh ijv numks rmnwsnnhr* Ckfjg umk gsnwfjg ekhije nd rf`l psne{bur fj fjuksjiufnji` hislkur mie bnjrfeksic`v ske{bke umk ekhije dns rf`l fj `nbi` hislkur cv bmijjk`fqfjg umk y{i`fuv psne{bur unwiser umk fjuksjiufnji` hislkur* hislk ur* Umksk mie ckkj i pkstirftk ukbmjn`ngfbi` tisfiufnj fj rf`l psne{bufnj nd umk Cnlilmiu r{c(eftfrfnj wfum umk mijerp{j ije mije wntkj rkbuns iu njk mije nd umk bnjufj{{h ije umk rnpmfrufbiuke, bipfui` fjukjrftk fje{rusfi`fqke rkbuns nd numks pisur nd Irrih* Umksk mie ckkj ij ietksrk rfu{iufnj nd umk tfui` jnshr nd umk iski sk`iuke un wnslfjg bnjefufnjr, bmf`e `icn{s, gkjeks ky{i`fuv fj wigk rus{bu{sk ije usifjfjg dibf`fufkr* Ije {`ufhiuk`v wnhkj wksk umk hifj r{ddksks ije {r{i``v mie i `nwks rnbfi` ruiu{r* Um{r, dsnh umk icntk ruiuke dfjefjgr wk isk ic`k un ljnw umiu umk ib{uk rmnsuigk nd rlf``ke `icn{s, psnpks psne{bufnj hkumner ije rbisbk skrn{sbkr isk `fhfufjg umk psne{bufnj fj i gkjksfb wiv fj umk r{stkvke iski* Wmf`k, fjieky{iuk ietksufrkhkju hkir{skr, rnisfjg psfbk uigr, fjkddfbfkju hislkufjg ckmitfns ije jkg`fgkjbk nd umk `nbi` hislku cv ckrunwfjg hnsk pskdkskjbk un umk fjuksjiufnji` hislku, wksk umk bskefc`k dibunsr efhfjfrmfjg umk ekhije dns umk rf`l uk}uf`kr fj umk `nbi` hislku*
5*5 5* 5 Skbnhh Skbnhhkjeiufnjr kjeiufnjr dn dnss d{sumks skrkisbm* Nj ncrkstfjg umk psktif`fjg rfu{iufnj umk hians skbnhhkjeiufnjr dsnh hv pisu wksk ir dn``nwr1 Umk jkw bnjbkpur nd hislkufjg r{bm ir Gkjksfb _snhnufnj ije hnuftiufnji` hiusf} rvrukh h{ru ck ienpuke fjruijuijkn{r`v* Gntksjhkju bn(npksiufnj ije wnslksr usifjfjg dibf`fufkr rmn{`e ck fjrufu{uke* Jkw ukbmjn`ngv h{ru ck p{u un {rk fj `fjk wfum umk usiefufnji` hkumner skgisefjg Rksfb{`u{sk psibufbkr* D{sumks iji`vrfr dns umk psnpks hislkufjg nd rf`l uk}uf`kr dns skuifjfjg umk ekhije rmn{`e ck hiek* Bnjrfeksfjg umk hislku bnjefufnjr ir wk`` ir umk ekhije ije r{pp`v dibuns dns umk rf`l psne{bur fj `nbi` hislkur ije umk bnje{buke skrkisbm mie i tfkw fj bnhhnj umiu umk rkbuns sky{fskr d{sumks skrkisbm ije iuukjufnj dns umk psnpks ippsifri` ije skukjufnj nd ekhije fj umk `nbi` `nb i` hislku*
Gkjksfb psnhnufnjr iu umk skgfnji` `ktk` mitk un ck {rke r{bbkrrd{``v fj umk hislkufjg nd Rf`l psne{bur, r{bm ir umk rusiukgv ienpuke cv umk Uki Cnise nd Fjefi fj skgifjfjg umk dfk`e fj `nbi` hislku ije fj umk fjuksjiufnji` rpmksk* R{bm uvpkr nd psnhnufnjr bij ck fjusne{bke cv umk dn``nwfjg wivr1 w ivr1 Cv umk skuif`ksr iu umk fjfufi` `ktk`, umsn{gm wfekrpskie ietksufrkhkjur nd umk psne{bur* Cv umk fjukshkefisfkr, psntfefjg kirfks ibbkrr un umk Rf`l psne{bur umsn{gm kddkbuftk bmijjk`fqiufnj nd Rf`l uk}uf`kr n{up{u dsnh umkfs psne{bksr un umk skuif`ksr* Cv umk psne{bksr, vku umkv enkrj‖u mitk h{bm sn`k fj umfr rkbuns, umkv bn{`e uilk jkbkrrisv rukpr fj psntfefjg bnjruiju r{pp`v nd umk psne{bur*
Cv umk jiufnji` gntksjhkju umsn{gm [jfjiufnji` _snhnufnj r{bm ir umk ippki` ‐[rk Fjefij Rpfbkr‘ R pfbkr‘ cv cv Umk Rpfbkr Cnise nd Fjefi*
Hnru fhpnsuiju`v, umk Rf`l psne{bufnj mir ckkj i tksv {jfy{k ije higjfdfbkju psnbkrr, cv rmnwbirfjg wmfbm un umk `nbi`, umk ekhije nd Rf`l psne{bur bij ck {p rmntke* Umk rihk psnbkrr bij i`rn ck fjukgsiuke wfum umk Un{sfrh Ektk`nphkju nd Cnlilmiu R{c Eftfrfnj ije fu‖r jkisjkrr un Liqfsijgi Jiufnji` _isl, Umk Wns`e Mksfuigk Rfuk wn{`e ck ij ieeke cnj{r* Ir Liqfsijgi iuusibur `ilmr nd jiufnji` ije dnskfgj un{sfrur ktksv vkis* Umk rihk dibuns i`rn kjic`ke umk hislku nd Rf`l psne{bur un fjukgsiuk furk`d wf um umk jiufnji` ije umk dnskfgj hislkuic`k igkjei*
Npkjfjg {p {p skuif` n{u`kur nd Rf`l psne{bur fj umk skhnuk iskir nd umk skgfnj, dibf`fuiufjg cnum hneksiuk bnrufjg psne{bur, rn ir un ck iddnseic`k dns umk `nbi` b{runhksr* Hnskntks, r{bm fjfufiuftk h{ru ck wk`` ciblke {p cv ieky{iuk psne{bu psne{bu fjp{ur ir wk` ` ir ieky{iuk ietksufrkhkju dibf`fufkr*
Tfkw nd ISUDKE Aigisij ISUDKE Aigisij , Lnmnsi Csijbm* Liqfsijgi* Irrih* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
5*; 5* ; Bnjb`{rfnj* I jnukwnsumv ski`h wir umiu rksfb{`u{sk nbb{pfke i ridk ije ruic`k pnrfufnj ihnjg umk Hfbsn, Rhi`` ije Hkef{h Kjukspsfrkr -HRHK& Rkbuns, wmfbm `kju i hians mije fj biuip{`ufjg umk Kbnjnhv nd Irrih un umk pnrfufnj nd njk nd umk dirukru gsnwfjg kbnjnhfkr nd umk bn{jusv* Umk rk`d j{su{ske Rksfb{`u{sk nd Cnlilmiu r{c(eftfrfnj i`rn bnjusfc{uke un umk rmisk* Umk ntksi`` ruskjgum nd umk Rksfb{`u{sk psnbkrr ekpkjer nj umk k}ukjrftk jkuwnsl nd dibf`fufkr, krpkbfi``v fjdsirus{bu{si`* Mnwktks, skrn{sbkr dsnh Irrih Rf`l Cnise fj ukshr nd k}pksufrk, y{i`fdfke rbfkjufdfb ije hislkufjg k}pksu, dibf`fufkr dns Skrkisbm ije Ektk`nphkju -S$E& ije usifjfjg dibf`fufkr dibf`f ufkr wn{`e ck ij ieeke irrku* Fu mie ckkj ncrkstke umiu umk hians bnjrusifjur fj umk rf`l hislku rkbuns wir dibfjg fj umk skbkju ufhkr fr jnj(itif`icf`fuv nd rlf``ke `icn{s dnsbk ije hislku bnjjnfrrk{s un rusiukgv umk `nbi` hislku fj r{bm i wiv rn ir un fjtn`tk umk `isgks rmisk nd `nbi` b{runhksr* b {runhksr* Umk Umk hislku frr{kr wksk rksfn{r rksfn {r fj jiu{sk ije jkkeke un ck uibl`ke fhhkefiuk`v un ridkg{ise umk rksfb{`u{sk fje{rusv, um{r psnukbufjg umk igk n`e usiefufnj nj umk njk mije ije umk histk`n{r jiu{si` dfcks nj umk numks mije* Hnru fhpnsuiju`v, umk fjjntiuftkjkrr h{ru ck fjd{rke skgisefjg umk ekrfgjr ije iuukjufnj h{ru ck pife un umk pskdkskjbk nd umk `nbi` bnjr{hksr* Umk hislku skrkisbm rmnwr {p umiu umksk wn{`e mitk i m{gk pnukjufi`fuv nd rf`l uk}uf`kr fj umk `nbi` hislku, nd bn{srk umkv wksk psntfeke ir pks umk jkw uskje fj dirmfnj ije rusfbu bnjrfeksiufnj jkke un ck pife umiu umk psfbk uigr nd umk k}pkjrftk H{gi, H{gi, _iiu ije _iiu ije Ksf rf`l bn{`e gku ij pskdkskjufi` p`ibk fj c{egku nd ippisk`r ns b`numfjg* Fj bnjb`{rfnj njbk hnsk, F wiju un umijl wmn`kmkisuke`v un i`` umnrk pksrnjr, wmn kjbn{sigke hk e{sfjg umk r{stkv* Mkisufkru umijlr un umnrk psndkrrfnji`r ije skuif`ksr ije wmn `ku hk ljnw icn{u umk fjuksji` bnhp`fbiufnjr bnhpsfrke fj umk rksfb{`u{sk fje{rusv ije umk hislku rus{bu{sk, wfumn{u umk bn(nsefjiufnj nd wmnh, umk psnakbu wn{`e jktks ck i r{bbkrr* F ih i`rn gsiukd{` un umk pksrnjr, p{c`fbiufnjr, skpnsur ije i`` umnrk skrn{sbkr hkjufnjke fj umk cfc`fngsipmv, dsnh wmfbm F gnu {j`fhfuke r{ppnsu e{sfjg umk pskpisiufnj nd umfr psnakbu* F ih i`rn umijld{` un umk `kbu{sksr nd umk Bnhhksbk ekpisuhkju nd umk A*E*R*G* Bn``kgk, dns psntfefjg hk g{feijbk fj umfr skrpkbu* Ije `iru c{u jnu umk `kiru, F nddkske hv rfjbksk ije ekkpkru gsiufu{ek un hv skrpkbuke G{fek, Rsf Sijakku Riflfi dns psntfefjg hk wfum Mfr kuksji` g{feijbk, hv piskjur un kjbn{sigk hk iu i`` umk ufhkr ije hv ekiskru dsfkje dns mks lfje ije gkjksn{r irrfruijbk* Wfum wish bnhp`fhkjur b nhp`fhkjur dns psnrpksn{r psnrpksn{r ije i je i RF@LV JKW VKIS 3?9? 3?9? * Umijl Vn{,
_silirm Ekc Snv*
;*9 ;* 9 Uic`kr
Uic`k 9* Rmnwfjg Rkbunsi` ruiufrufbr nd Rksfb{`u{sk fj Irrih* Rn{sbk1 Irrih iu i G`ijbk -Fjuksjku&*
Uic`k 3* Rmnwfjg Irrfruijbk sk`kirke {jeks Mije`nnh K}pnsu Rbmkhk e{sfjg ]um _`ij
Rn{sbk1 Fjuksjku*
Uic`k 2* Rmnwfjg Rksfb{`u{sk Ibuftfufkr fj Irrih* Rn{sbk1 Efskbunsiuk nd Rksfb{`u{sk ije Wkitfjg, Irrih*
Uic`k 5* Rksfb{`u{si` Dishr ije Gsifjigkr fj Irrih* Rn{sbk1 Efskbunsiuk nd Rksfb{`u{sk ije Wkitfjg, Irrih*
;*3 ;* 3 Dfg{skr
Dfg{sk 9* Rbi`fjg umk Jiufnji` K}pnsur nd Rf`l Gnner dns umk `iru Ukj vkisr*
2;?? 2??? 3;?? 3??? 9;??
-Dfg{sk -Dfg{sk fj Sr* Bsnsk&! Hf``fnj fj [R %
9??? ;?? ?
Dfg{sk 3 K}pnsu kisjfjgr umsn{gm Rf`l Uk}uf`kr wmfbm fjb`{ekr Rf`l bispkur ije Rf`l SHG*
Rn{sbk1 Bkjusi` Rf`l C nise, Fjefi*
;*2 Rjiprmnur
Dsihk 9* Fhigk nd i H{gi Rf`lwnsh* _mnungsipm ncuifjke dsnh Fjuksjku*
Dsihk 3* Rmnwfjg H{gi Bnbnnj* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
Dsihk 2* @kitkr nd Rnh Uskk nj wmfbm umk H{gi rf`l Biukspf``isr dkke nj* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
Dsihk 5* I Gn`ekj H{gi Risf nj Efrp`iv iu Aigisij ISUDKE, Cnlilmiu Csijbm* Fur bnru fr sn{je icn{u =,=?? FJS!* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
!\FJS skpskrkjur umk jiufnji` b{sskjbv FJEFIJ S[_KK, umk rvhcn` nd wmfbm fr Sr*X
Dsihk ;* Ksf Bnbnnj* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
Dsihk 4* @kitkr nd Ksi p`iju nj wmfbm Ksf Rf`lwnshr dkke nj* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
Dsihk 7* Efrp`iv nd Ksf Rmiw`, skjnwjke dns wishum fu psntfekr, bnrufjg icn{u 95?? FJS!* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
Dsihk =* Mije`nnhr iu Usfckjf Uk}uf`kr* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
!\FJS skpskrkjur umk jiufnji` b{sskjbv FJEFIJ S[_KK, umk rvhcn` nd wmfbm fr Sr*X
Dsihk 6* Wmfuk _iiu Rf`lwnsh Bnbnnj, i`rn ljnwj Rf`l* ir umk Imfhri Rf`l*
Dsihk 9?* 9?* Jnjf p`iju `kitkr nj wmfbm _iiu Rf`lwnsh dkke nj*
_mnungsipm bn``kbuke dsnh Fjuksjku*
_mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
Dsihk 99* 99* Skk`fjg nd _iiu Rf`l dnsh umk Bnbnnjr* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
Dsihk 93* Ij mkitv c{egkuke _iiu Risf, bnrufjg isn{je 7,??? FJS!* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
Dsihk 92* U{rrim Rf`l Risf, bnrufjg isn{je 95?? FJS! _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
Dfg{sk 95* Lkrmi _iiu Risf, umiu fjtn`tkr fjtn`tkr umk bnru d snh 9;?? un 2;?? FJS!* _mnungsipm cv _silirm Ekc Snv*
!\FJS skpskrkjur umk jiufnji` b{sskjbv FJEFIJ S[_KK, umk rvhcn` nd wmfbm fr Sr*X
4*9 Cfc`fngsipmv I`f, Skmij, $ Ekc Snv, _sn`nv, A{p{sf Gmis -[jeksruijefjg umk c{vfjg ckmitfns nd dnskfgj ije jiufnji` un{sfrur&, Liqfsijgi, Irrih* Cis{im, R{jf`, Hijigks b{h ibbn{juiju, ISUDKE Aigisij, Lnmnsi Csijbm, Irrih* Ckqcns{im, _sijai`, $ Skmhij, ISH, -3??6&* I Mijecnnl nd Ru{ekju Skrkisbm _snakbu* Ekpisuhkju nd Bnhhksbk, Efcs{gism [jftksrfuv, Efcs{gism, Irrih* Cfeisf, E, H{gi.Ksf Rf`l _sne{bufnj _snbkrr ije Bnjrusifjur, I psnbkrr ru{ev fj Irrih ije Hfqnsih* Eir, Bmihpi, Kjuskpskjk{s, Usfckjf uk}u f`kr {jeks Usfckjf Gsihkkj Cflirm Bnhhf uukk, Cnlilmiu Ekli, Aivisih, Hijigks b{h ibbn{juiju, ISUDKE Aigisij, Cnlilmiu Csijbm, Irrih* EFSKBUNSIUK ND RKSFB[@U[SK , Irrih*
Gnrwihf, L*B* Jium, B*L* $ Rimi, I, -3??6&* I Mijecnnl nd Ru{ekju Skrkisbm _snakbu* Ekpisuhkju nd Bnhhksbk, Efcs{gism [jftksrfuv, Efcs{gism, Irrih* Li`fui, Miscf`irm, Hijigks, Rijlisekt Rf`l Mn{rk, Cnlilmiu, Irrih* Li`fui, R*J* Siacnjgrmf, Hijna L{his $ Rislis, R{rmf`* Sn`k nd Rksfb{`u{sk dns Skgfnji` Ektk`nphkju , Ciai`f Bn``kgk, _iumri`i, Irrih* H[@UF RKBUNSI@ EKTK@N_HKJU _@IJ DNS HFJNSFUV ND CNJGIFGINJ EFRU;SFBU , -RK_UKHCKS, 3??=&, Ekp{uv Bnhhfrrfnjks, Cnjgifginj, Irrih* _iusi, Cfcm{eiuui, -3??;&* Dkirfcf`fuv ru{ev nd i mije`nnh b`{ruks fj Cispkui efrusfbu nd Irrih* Riflfi, Sirmhfsklmi, K`icnsiufnjr nj umk usiefufnji` b`numfjg biukgnsv $ ruv`kr , Cnlilmiu*
Rishi, Lsfrmji, -Rkpukhcks, 3??=&* GFr dns Hislku Efddkskjufiufnj, Skp{uiufnj $ Y{i`fuv ( Ij Fjrfgmu , Bnspnsiuk @iw Gsn{p* Rkj, Rishi, J* $ Eir, J* J* Fnjfb Bnje{buftfufkr nd Jiu{si` Rf`l, Bnuunj ije fur bnhpisfrnj wfum Rvjumkufb njk* Irrfruiju _sndkrrns, Hiuksfi` Rbfkjbkr Eftfrfnj, _n`vhks [jfu, Fjrufu{uk nd Ietijbke Ru{ev fj Rbfkjbk ije Ukbmjn`ngv, Lmijipisi, G{wimiuf, Irrih* RKSFB[@U[SK IJE RF@L _SNE[BUFNJ, itif`ic`k iu www*rbfkjbkijernbfkuv*bnh, tfkwke nj 33je Ekb, 3??6* Ksjil{`ih, Lksi`i* Rf`l wnsh Dishfjg itif`ic`k iu www*tkgijrnbfkuv*bnh tfkwke nj 93 um Nbuncks, 3??6* Rn{sbkr itif`ic`k iu www*wflfpkefi*nsg UMK IJU ‒ UMK IBUFNJ JNSUMKIRU US[RU, -Ipsf`, 3??;&, Cnjgifginj, Irrih* Umk rf`l psnbkrr itif`ic`k iu www*rf`lcisnj*bnh tfkwke nj 33 je Nbuncks, 3??6* [jjf, C*G* -3??=&* Skieksr Bnjusfc{ufnj, C{gr un cnnru Irrih‖r H{gi Rf`l _sne{bufnj. K}pksfhkju fj Irrih mk`pr Wnshr psne{bk hnsk nd ckuuks Y{i`fuv Rf`l* Bn{sukrv1 C{rfjkrr wns`e. Umk Uk`kgsipm -4um Ipsf`, 3??=&* [jjf, [*J* $ H{sumv, [*R*J* -A{`v 9? um 3??=&, Rksfb{`u{sk ije tfic`k ukbmjn`ngfkr dns ckuuks rf`l psne{bufnj* B{sskju Rbfkjbk, TN@*6;, JN*9*
4*3 G`nrrisv nd Ukshr Ier1 ietksufrkhkju ns r{bm psnhnufnji` rukpr Iggsitiuke 1 dnsbke ns fssfuiuke I``kgnsv 1 rvhcn` ns runsv Ippskmkjrfnj1 ruiuk nd wnssv ns mkrfuiufnj Iuufsk1 eskrrfjg ije ippisk` ruv`kr I{umkjufb 1 gkj{fjk ns ekpkjeic`k Cissfbiek1 ncruib`k ns c`nbliek Cs{ju 1 fhpibu ns c{sekj Bi`fcsiuk1 un ruijeisefqk ns iea{ru Bnjjnfrrk{s 1 rpkbfi`fru Bnjrusifjur1 `fhfuiufnj Bnjufj{{h1 sijgk, tisfkuv ns rbi`k Bnjtkjufnji`1 bnjrkstiuftk B{`hfjiufnj1 bnjb`{rfnj Ekhkijns 1 bnje{bu ns ckmitfns Ekp`nsic`k1 iwd{` ns cie ruiuk Kbb`krfirufbi` 1 sk`fgfn{r Kddkbu{i` 1 bipic`k ije kddfbfkju Khpfsfbi` 1 psighiufb ns rkjrfc`k Kpfgsihhiufb 1 rmnsu ns un umk pnfju Mi`u 1 runp ir i ukhpnsisv ekrufjiufnj Mkbufb 1 bnjd{rke Fhp`fbiufnj1 r{ggkrufnj Fjefgkjn{r1 jiuftk ije nsfgfji`, mnhk( gsnwj Fjrfrukju 1 dfsh ije pskrkstfjg Fjusfbiuk1 bnhp`fbiuke ns k`icnsiuke @{ruks 1 rmfjk H{`ufdibkuke 1 bnhp`k} ns bnhpskmkjrftk _kggke 1 rmfduke enwj un _ksbkpuftk1 ncrkstiju _kshkiuk1 un df`` ns fjd{rk _nsnrfuv 1 skuifjfjg bipibfuv Skk`fjg1 un rp{j n{u nd Skrnsu 1 wiv n{u Skukjufnj1 un pskrkstk ns hifjuifj Sfmi1 I rbisd wkisr cv dkhi`kr fj Irrihkrk usiefufnj Rp`kjefe 1 wnjeksd{` ns dic{`n{r Rusiu{h1 `ivks ns `ktk` Usijy{f`fuv 1 bi`hjkrr [jcfirke1 fhpisufi` [jsfti``ke1 {jnppnrke Tfrui1 tfkw nd rbkjisfn
4*2 Fjek}* Icrusibu, T Ibljnw`kegkhkju, FT I``kgnsv, 99 Ippskmkjrfnj, 99 Iski, 5 Bksufdfbiuk, FFF Bnhhksbfi`fqke Rksfb{`u{sk, 7 Eiui Rn{sbkr, 6 Ekhngsipmv, 3 Ekjfks, ;, 96 Ektk`nphkju _`ij, 39 ESEI, JFSE, RFSE, JFDU $ FFK, 33 Kjekhfb, 9? Dfjefjgr, 32 Gkngsipmfb `nbiufnj, 3 Mfgm vfk`efjg rkbuns, 35 Mfrunsv nd Rf`l, 2 Fjukgsiuk, 37 @fdk bvb`k, 9= @fuksiu{sk iji`vrfr, 4 Hislku rkghkjuiufnj, 92 _sfbk sijgk nd Rf`l psne{bur, 97 _snc`khr nd umk Fje{rusv, 39 _snpksufkr nd Rf`l, 96 Skbnhhkjeiufnjr, 34 Sk`kirke irrfruijbk, 36 Skrkisbm $ Ektk`nphkju, 3= Skr{`ur, 3; Rbnpk nd umk Dfk`e Ru{ev, 5 Rkbunsi` Ruiufrufbr nd Rksfb{`u{sk fj Irrih, 36 Rf`l b`numfjg, 3? Rf`l Tisfkufkr, 94 Ti`{k(bmifj, 7 Wnslfjg bnjefufnjr, 3;
