Project Report Final

Mechanicall y Operated Water Pumping System

2015-16

Table Of Content CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION ................................ DECLARATION ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE ............................................................... ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................. .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Declaration Declaration by Student.................................................... .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Verification Verification by Faculty Project Guide ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined. List Of Figure..................................... .................................................................. ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. ABSTRACT ABSTRACT.................................................................... .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Chapter- 1 .................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 2 1.1

AIM/ OBJECTIVE ...................................................................................................... 3

1.2

SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 3

1.3

SELECTION ................................................................................................................ 3

1.4

WORKING PRINCIPLE ............................................................................................. 3

Chapter- 2 .................................................................................................... 4 LITERATURE SURVEY ........................................................................................................ 4 2.1

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP .............................................................................................. 4

2.1.1 2.2

........................................................................................................ 4 HUMAN POWER ........................................................................................................

2.2.1 2.3

WORKING MECHANISM OF A ROTARY PUMP .............................................. .............................................. 4 Development of Human Powered Powered Pump .............................................................. 5

.................................................................. 5 Energy Output And Uses For Pedal Power ..................................................................

Chapter- 3 .................................................................................................... 7 METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTATION................................... 7 3.1

WORKING .................................................................................................................. 7

3.1.1 3.2

FORMULA USED FOR CENTRIFUGAL CENTRIFUGAL PUMP ............................................... ............................................... 7

REQUIERED PARTS ................................................................................................ 10

3.2.1

Some other Required Parts: ............................................................................... 12

3.3

.................................................................. 12 MODELING OF MECHANISM WORK ..................................................................

3.4

COST ESTIMATION ................................................................................................ 13

Chapter- 4 .................................................................................................. 14 RESULT ..................................................................................................... 14 4.1

FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY ......................................................................... 14

4.1.1

WELDING .......................................................................................................... 14

4.1.2

TIGHTENING .................................................................................................... 15

4.1.3

FINISHING AND PAINTING PAINTING ............................................................................ 15

4.2

ADVANTAGES ........................................................................................................ 15

4.3

DISADVANTAGES .................................................................................................. 16

4.4

APPLICATION ......................................................................................................... 16

4.5

SAFTY, CARE AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................... 16

Chapter- 5 .................................................................................................. 17 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 17 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 18

1

Poornima University, Jaipur

B. Tech., Mechanical Engineering


2015-16

Chapter- 1 INTRODUCTION In process operations, liquids and their movement and transfer from place to place, plays a large part in the process. Liquid can only flow under its own power from one elevation to a lower elevation or, from a high pressure system to a lower pressure system. The flow of liquid is also affected by friction, pipe size, liquid viscosity and the bends and fittings in the piping. To overcome flow problems, and to move liquids from place to place, against a higher pressure or to a higher elevation, energy must be added to the liquid. To add the required energy to liquids, we use ' PUMPS'. A pump therefore is defined as ' A machine used to add energy to a liquid'. Pumps come in many types and sizes. The type depends on the function the pump is to perform and the size (and speed) depends on the amount (volume) of liquid to be moved in a given time. Our project could prove helpful for rural areas which are facing load shedding problem. It can be used mainly for irrigation and water drawing water from wells and other water bodies. This is a centrifugal water pump which is run by rotating the pedal of a cycle. The system comprises a bicycle, rim, chain, sprocket, impeller, pulley and inlet and delivery pipes. Arrangement is consist of large small sprocket so that the final RPM at the pump shaft will enough to operate pump. Pump shaft is connected with an impeller through this process of paddling is used to lift water from a pipe into the form for cultivation. This innovation is useful for pumping water from river, ponds, wells and similar water sources thus enabling poor formers for pumping water for irrigation and cultivation. By using electric operated Centrifugal pumps we can pump the water are a sub-class of dynamic axis symmetric work-absorbing machinery. Electrical operated Centrifugal pumps are used to convert rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the liquid flow. The rotational energy comes from electric device like motor. The fluid enters the pump impeller along to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radials in chamber outward into volute chamber, from where it exits. The function of the centrifugal pump is converting potential energy of water pressure into mechanical rotational energy. The mechanism consists of single centrifugal pump which is fixed with the rear large sprocket fixed in bicycle. Paddling for just 8-10 minute is enough to pump 30-40 liters of water to a height of 25 feet. 2




2015-16

1.1AIM/ OBJECTIVE To eliminate the electricity part from domestic water motor by constructs the mechanically operated system to operate the pump head.

1.2SCOPE Provides irrigation and drinking water where electricity is not available.

1.3SELECTION We can increase the number of rotations by help of chain and sprocket system, and can obtain enough rotation to rotate pump head which is used in domestic purpose to pump the water.

1.4WORKING PRINCIPLE To function the pump, the operator sit on the seat and pedal continuously. The foot pedal is used to drive the pump by manually. By pedaling, the driver sprocket transmits rotary power to driven sprocket though the chain drive. In this the multiple number of chain and sprocket system is arranged in that way so we can get higher RPM (in comparison to input) at the shaft of the pump head. Thus the water is discharged to tank without using electric power.

3




2015-16

Chapter- 2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1CENTRIFUGAL PUMP Centrifugal pumps are subclass of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbo machinery. Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from where it exits. 2.1.1 WORKING M ECHANI SM OF A ROTARY PUM P

A centrifugal pump is one of the simplest pieces of equipment in any process plant. Its purpose is to convert energy of a prime mover (a electric motor or turbine) first into velocity or kinetic energy and then into pressure energy of a fluid th at is being pumped. The energy changes occur by virtue of two main parts of the pump, the impeller and the volute or diffuser. The impeller is the rotating part that converts driver energy into the kinetic energy. The volute or diffuser is the stationary part that converts the kinetic energy into pressure energy.

2.2HUMAN POWER The simplest pumps of all are those operated by human power. In this category come a range of hand pumps and foot pumps. They are capable of lifting relatively small amounts of water. Using human power for pumping water has important benefits for small communities in developing countries: • The power requirements can be met from within the users’ group. • The capital cost is generally low. • The discharge capacity of one or more manual p umping devices is usually adequate to meet the domestic water requirements of a small community, including, if needed, for small-scale productive uses within households. • Design developments during the last 20 years mean that pumps can be repaired and maintained by appropriately trained local caretakers (men or women). The power available from human muscle depends on the individual, the environment and the duration of the task. For work of long duration, for example eight hours per day, a healthy man is estimated to produce 60-75 watts (0.08-0.10 horsepower). 4




2015-16

2.2.1 Devel opment of H uman Power ed Pump

Standard bicycle gearing components can be assembled with a flexible coupling to create an inexpensive human powered flywheel power unit. As the user pedals, power is stored in the flywheel. The flywheel axle is connected to a transmission transfer gear that turns a transmission input gear for a transmission with multiple gears. The power generated by the process of pedaling the bicycle is used to lift the water and push the water from a pipe into the farm for cultivation. Useful for pumping water from rivers, ponds, wells and similar water sources. The farmers can use this to pump water for irrigation. When the flywheel is not being sped up, it idles. It can maintain a very nearly constant speed for a long time, because the losses (equivalent to friction) in the bearings are very small. It is sped up to its idling speed, it very slowly loses speed over some period of time, and then it is sped up to idling speed again The suggested machine system uses human energy achieved by pedaling and stores this energy in a flywheel at an energy-input rate convenient to the peddler. After storing the maximum possible energy in the flywheel (pedaling time could be 1-2 minutes) the same can be made available for the actuation of any process unit by making available the energy stored in the flywheel through a suitable coupling and torque- amplification if needed. Thus the flywheel will decelerate depending on the actual resisting torque offered by the process. It implies that the pedaler does not pedal while the flywheel is supplying energy to the process-unit.

2.3Energy Output And Uses For Pedal Power The circular pedaling motion at speeds of 60-80 revolutions per minute and transmitting power by sprocket – and chain mechanisms and ball bearing can convert about 95% of muscle energy of bicycle. by pedaling, a person can produce four times more energy than by hand movements. Torque is produced from the operator’s feet and is transferred to a sprocket and chain that ranges from one third of the maximum torque produced. The use of stationary bicycle, flywheel, elliptical sprocket and gear ratios can minimize torque and increase the amount of generated energy. According to the tests done at oxford university, an average bike rider travels at speed of 12 mph.ths speed can produce 1/10 hp. speeds of 18 mph can produce ¼ hp. at a rate of ¼ hp, the human body can pedal continuously for 10 min, but at a rate of 1/8 hp, continuous pedaling can last up to one hour. Most blenders use between 600-1500 watts of energy, which

5




2015-16

clearly shows that besides burning calories, pedal power can significantly contribute to reducing energy bills. Pedal power can provide energy to the following operations: meat grindrer, wood carver, stone polisher and buffer, jewelers lathe, pottery wheel, juicer, potato peeler, meat slicer, cherry pitter,a butter churn and many more items.

6




2015-16

Chapter- 3 METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTATION 3.1 WORKING A water pump head operate through chain and sprocket system. The chain and sprocket system is Arrange in a bi-cycle. In the arrangement large sprocket provide power to the smaller sprocket through a chain, and the smaller sprocket provide power to another large sprocket which is connected at same shaft of the smaller sprocket. The pedal of bi-cycle is connected with a large sprocket of the system, so the pedal is used to operate the complete arrangement of system. When the pedal is operate the large sprocket rotates which gives higher rpm to the smaller sprocket, the another larger sprocket rotates at the same rpm of smaller sprocket. This larger sprocket again connected with another smaller sprocket so now this smaller sprocket having more rpm, similarly the previous a large sprocket is connected on the same shaft, this large sprocket is finally connected with the smaller sprocket which is fabricated on the shaft of pump head. This shaft operates an impeller who changes the rotation energy in the hydraulic energy. 3.1.1 FORMUL A USED F OR CENTRI FU GAL PUMP

Efficiency factor

where: Pm is the mechanics input power required (W) 3

is the fluid density (kg/m ) 2

is the standard acceleration of gravity (9.80665 m/s ) is the energy Head added to the flow (m) 3

is the flow rate (m /s) is the efficiency of the pump plant as a decimal The head added by the pump (

) is a sum of the static lift, the head loss due to friction

and any losses due to valves or pipe bends all expressed in metres of fluid. Power is 3

more commonly expressed as kilowatts (10 W, kW) or horsepower (hp = kW*0.746).

7




2015-16

The value for the pump efficiency,

, may be stated for the pump itself or as a

combined efficiency of the pump and motor system.  SUCTION H EAD

Hs = ps*sm/1000 Hs = suction head

(m of water)

Ps = suction pressure (mm of Hg) Sm= specific gravity of Hg = 13.6  DELI VERY HEAD 4

Hd = Pd * 10 / ρ Hd = Delivery head

(m of water) 2

Pd = Delivery pressure (kg/cm ) 3

P = unit weight of water = 1000kg/m COLL ECTING H EAD = 0.13m (constant) 

TOTAL HEAD

H=Hs + Hd + Hc 

(m of water)

DISCHARGE 3

Q= lby/t 1 (m /s) 3

Q = discharge (m /s) L = length of collecting tank (m) Y = rise of water in collecting tank (m) Y = 0.1m t = time taken for ‘y’ rise of water/sec 

OUTPUT POWER

OP = ρgQH/1000 (kW) 3

ρ = unit weight of water 1000 kg/m g = specific gravity 9.81 m/s

2

3

Q = discharge (m /s) H = total head (m of water)  I NPUT POWER

IP = 2πNT/60 Torque = force × radius Force = mass × acceleration F = m × a (or) m × g 8




2015-16

T = m × g × r M = flywheel mass g = specific gravity 9.81 m/s

2

r = flywheel radius  OVERALL EFF ICI ENCY

η = OP /IP % Pump specification: 

Diameter of the motor shaft d=1.3cm



Length of the motor shaft l=22cm



Pump type: single stage type



Type of pump: centrifugal type



Power of the pump:1 HP



Suction diameter of the pump=3cm



Discharge diameter of the pump=2cm

Speed r ati o

For cycle chain drive:

Speed of the driver/speed of the driven= number of teeth on the driven/no. of teeth on driver= N2/N1= d1/d2= t1/t2 Where N1=Speed of the driven N2=Speed of the driver D1=diameter of the driver D2=diameter of the driven T1=teeth of the driver T2=teeth of the driven Speed r ati o

For pump chain drive:

Seed of the driver/speed of driven=number of teeth on driven/number of teeth on driver= N2:N1=d1:d2=t1:t2 Power (p) =2πNT/60 KW Where N=speed of the motor shaft T=total torque produce in the motor shaft.

9




2015-16

3.2 REQUIERED PARTS 1.

F oot Pedal :

The bicycle pedal is the part of a bicycle that the rider pushes with their foot to propel the bicycle. It provides the connection between the cyclist's foot

or shoe and

the crank allowing

the

leg

to

turn

the bottom

bracket spindle and propel the bicycle's wheels. Pedals usually consist of a spindle that threads into the end of the crank and a body, on which the foot rests or is attached, that is free to rotate on bearings with respect to the spindle.

Fig:1 Pedal 2.

Chain dr ive:

Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles.

Fig.2 Chain Drive

10




3.

2015-16

Sprocket (in two dif ferent sizes):

A sprocket or sprocket -wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs, or even sprockets that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material. The name 'sprocket' applies generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it.

Fig.3 Sprocket 4.

Flywheel:

A heavy revolving wheel in a machine which is used to increase the machine's momentum and thereby provide greater stability or a reserve of available power.

Fig.4 Bi-cycle Rim

11




5.

2015-16

Centri fugal Pump:

Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow.

Fig.5 Water Pump 3.2.1

Some other Requi r ed Parts:

1.

inlet and outlet valve in pump head

2.

Suction and delivery pipeline with pressure gauges

3.

Cast Iron Bar

4.

operator seat

3.3 MODELING OF MECHANISM WORK Generally we can use the centrifugal pump for lift the water. By using electric power we can operate the pump. For electric power saving we can used the mechanism like bi-cycle operated centrifugal pump for water lifting by using these mechanism we can save electric power. Whole mechanism of bi-cycle operated centrifugal pump mechanism for water lifting proposed work shown by 3D-modeling.

Fig-1 Mechanism

12




2015-16

3.4 COST ESTIMATION 1. Pedal base unit

300.00

2. Chain drive

200.00

3. Fabrication of base unit

350.00

4. Suction and delivery pipe 10 meters

100.00

5. fasteners and clip for pipe

100.00

6. sprocket

240.00

7. Hub

140.00

8. Pump head

220.00

9. Transport cost

200.00

TOTAL COST

1850.00

13




2015-16

Chapter- 4 RESULT 4.1FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY 4.1.1 WELDING

Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing fusion, which is distinct from lower temperature metal joining techniques such as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal.

Two types of welding is used in the fabrication of the system. 1. Arc welding 2. Gas welding ARC WELDI NG

These processes use a welding power supply to create and maintain an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and consumable or nonconsumable electrodes. The welding region is sometimes protected by some type of inert or semi-inert gas, known as a shielding gas, and filler material is sometimes used as well. In the project arc welding is used to join following-

1. To fabricate rectangular L- shaped stand. stand is fabricated by cast iron bars. This is fixed at the rear side from where we get the final rpm. The stand give enough height to the rear rim so that it not touch to the ground and rotate freely. The ream rim works as a flywheel.

2. To fabricate the supporting cast iron bar. These bars support to the middle hub. On which one smaller and one large sprocket is connected.

3. Pump head is also welded on the stand, so that it can be stable while running and stopping condition as well. GAS WEL DI NG

The most common gas welding process is oxy-fuel welding, also known as oxyacetylene welding The equipment is relatively inexpensive and simple, generally employing the combustion of acetylene in oxygen to produce a welding flame temperature of about 3100 °C. The flame, since it is less concentrated than an electric 14




2015-16

arc, causes slower weld cooling, which can lead to greater residual stresses and weld distortion, though it eases the welding of high alloy steels. A similar process, generally called oxy-fuel cutting, is used to cut metals. In this project copper wire is used in gas welding to join the parts. This is used at following places in fabrication of the system1. To join the large sprocket with middle hub. The hub having thin metal so to joint sprocket with the hub, gas welding is used with copper wire. 2. Similarly a Large sprocket mounted at the rear hub, so to connect rigidly with hub gas welding is used. From this large sprocket the power is transmitted to the pump head shaft. 4.1.2 TIGHTENING

The flywheel is connected with the hub and two sprockets connected at the hub (one at each side) this complete assembly is tightened at rear of the bi-cycle frame. the fabricated stand is also tightened with rear hub. the small sprocket also having thread so it is tighten at the one side of the hub. Adju stment Of Chaain An d Sprocket

The chain is adjusted on the two sprocket. The large sprocket is transmitted the power to the smaller sprocket. So that smaller rpm get higher rpm then large sprocket. 3 chains are used in this system. 4.1.3 FI NISHI NG AND PAINTI NG JOB PREPARATI ON

Before welding, remove any bend in the L angle with the sludge hammer on the anvil block. Then it is cut to the required length with the hacksaw blade and fabricated to required dimensional shape with arc welding. F I N I S H I N G OPERATION BEF ORE PAIN TI NG

After welding, any slag on the welded area is removed with the chipping hammer and cleaned with the metal wire brush. Then all the surfaces are rubbed with the emery sheet Metal primer is applied on the surfaces with the brush. After drying the metal primer, the second coating is applied with the paint.

4.2ADVANTAGES 



It is economical. No extra skill is required for operating this system. 15






2015-16

Operation is very smooth and in this system we can get more output by applying less effort.



Single person is enough to operate this efficiently.



Easy and efficient handling of this unit



low maintenance cost



Suited for pumping the water upto 25 meter head.

4.3DISADVANTAGES 

Manual power required to operate .



The time taken for pumping the water is more when compared to electric power unit.



It cannot be used for more than 25 meter head.

4.4APPLICATION 

st

We can use this equipment to lift the water from ground floor to 1 floor in housing purpose.



During rainy season we can pump the unwanted water from the required place.



Using for irrigation purposes.



It could be very useful in those areas where electricity is irregular or insufficient.

4.5SAFTY, CARE AND MAINTENANCE Before using the machine, some of the points to be noted for safety purpose, 1. Before starting the operation, check the following items (1)

Don’t insert the any material or o bject between the during operation of flywheel.

(2)

Check the lubrication of chain drive and bearing in the unit. sit carefully while driving the pedal .

16




2015-16

Chapter- 5 CONCLUSION The problem of energy crises is very big in India and many rural powered water pump by use of this project we save electricity and get a particular water head and we supply the water in irrigation. We will operate a water pump by using bicycle mechanism. This modeling was centered towards the development of a domestic water pump by operating it with help of Pedals that would conveniently alleviate the portable water supply problems of rural communities throughout the underdeveloped and developing countries of the world at minimum energy input. We have learnt alot from this project about types of tools, machines & how are they used in mechanical workplaces in Industry, Some basic techniques like cutting, Surface finishing, planning, grinding are introduced very nicely. In addition to this we have also learnt about painting and welding. Moreover this project gave us a good experience of purchasing material from market and increased our surveying capabilities. It is concluded that any fabrication work can be done with the help of welding. We have successfully completed the project work on using pedaling pump work at our Institute.

17




2015-16

REFERENCES 1. M. Zakaria Hossain, M. Serazul Islam And M. Abdul Khair “Design and Development of Pedal Pump for Low-Lift Irrigation” Publisher JARD 2. Stephan Kwasi Adzimah, Ademolo Sumuel Akinwanmi, Fredrick Oppong “Pedal Powered Centrifugal Pump Purified Water Supply Device” Published by Innovative System Design And Engineering. 3. www.mayapedal.org 4. DR. R. K. Bansal laxmi publication (p) ltd. “Fluid mechanics and Hydraulic Machine” 5. “Non conventional sources of energy” fourth edition 2008 By G.D.RAI Khanna publisher. 6. “Machine Design” (S. I. Units) By R.S. Khurmi & J. K. Gupta 7. “Engineering Mechanics” (S.I Units) By R. S. Khurmi. 8. “A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics” by R ajput. SCHAND & COMPANY LTD 9. Shafting, Pulleys, Belting, Rope Transmission, and Shaft Governors By Hubert Edwin Collins (Author), Published By General Books.

18



Project Report Final

Recommend Documents