Project on Library Using HTML

Project Report On Library Management System

Submitted To: Punjab Technical University

Submitted By:

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Doaba Group of Colleges, Mohali INDEX

AKNOWLEDGMENT a. PREAE

b. PROE!! DE!R"PT"ON c. "NTRODUT"ON #. PRO$ET DETA"L! e. !%!TEM DE&ELOPMENT L"'E %LE (. !OURE ODE ). TE!T"NG h. AD&A AD&ANTA NTAGE! O' T*E !%!TEM

i. 'UTURE !OPE

2


Doaba Group of Colleges, Mohali INDEX

AKNOWLEDGMENT a. PREAE

b. PROE!! DE!R"PT"ON c. "NTRODUT"ON #. PRO$ET DETA"L! e. !%!TEM DE&ELOPMENT L"'E %LE (. !OURE ODE ). TE!T"NG h. AD&A AD&ANTA NTAGE! O' T*E !%!TEM

i. 'UTURE !OPE

2


j. ONLU!"ON +. ,",L ,",L"O "OGR GRAP AP*% *% l. !NAP!*OT!

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are e-treely )rate(ul an# reain in#ebte# t/ /ur )ui#ance Madam Cherry (/r bein) a s/urce /( ins0irati/n an# (/r his c/nstant su00/rt in the the Desi Desi)n )n11 "0l "0le een enta tati ti/n /n an# an# Eval Evalua uati ti/n /n /( the the 0r/j 0r/jec ect. t. We are are than+(ul t/ the (/r their c/nstant c/nstructive criticis an# invaluable su))esti/ns1 2hich bene(ite# us a l/t 2hile #evel/0in) the 0r/ject /n “LIBRAR MANAGEMENT!. *e has been a c/nstant s/urce /( ins0irati/n an# /tivati/n (/r har# 2/r+. 2/r+. *e has been been very very c/3/0e c/3/0erat rative ive thr/u) thr/u)h/u h/utt this this 0r/jec 0r/jectt 2/r+. 2/r+. Thr/u)h this c/lun1 it 2/ul# be /ur ut/st 0leasure t/ e-0ress /ur 2ar than+s t/ hi (/r his enc/ura)eent1 c/3/0erati/n an# c/nsent 2ith/ut 2hich 2e i)htn4t be able t/ acc/0lish this 0r/ject. 3


We als/ e-0ress /ur )ratitu#e t/ Madam Cherry (/r 0r/vi#in) us the in(rastructure t/ carry /ut the 0r/ject an# t/ all sta(( ebers 2h/ 2ere #irectly an# in#irectly instruent in enablin) us t/ stay c/itte# (/r the 0r/ject.

"RE#ACE This 0r/ject /( “LIBRAR MANAGEMENT! )ives us the c/0lete in(/rati/n ab/ut the library. We can enter the rec/r# /( ne2 b//+s an# retrieve the #etails /( b//+s available in the library. We can issue the b//+s t/ the stu#ents an# aintain their rec/r#s an# can als/ chec+ h/2 any b//+s are issue# an# st/c+ available in the library. "n this 0r/ject 2e can aintain the late (ine /( stu#ents 2h/ returns the issue# b//+s a(ter the #ue #ate. Thr/u)h/ut the 0r/ject1 the (/cus has been /n 0resentin) in(/rati/n an# c/ents in an easy an# intelli)ible anner. The 0r/ject is very use(ul (/r th/se 2h/ 2ant t/ +n/2 ab/ut Library Mana)eent !yste. "n the last1 2e )rate(ully ac+n/2le#)e an# e-0ress /ur )ratitu#e t/ all sta(( ebers /( ,A De0tt. an# (rien#s 2h/ su00/rte# us in 0re0arin) this 0r/ject.

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,asically the 0r/ject is aie# at #evel/0in) library ana)eent syste (/r the c/lle)e library. This is intranet base# a00licati/n that can be accesse# thr/u)h/ut the ca0us. This syste can be use# t/ search 5666 /( b//+s7e)a 8is1 reserve b//+s1 (in# /ut 2h/ is havin) a 0articular b//+ 0ut in re9uests t/ buy a ne2 b//+. This is /ne inte)rate# syste that c/ntains b/th the user c/0/nent an# the library c/0/nent. There are (eatures li+e n/ti(icati/ns7rein#ers1 re0/rt )enerat/rs etc in the syste.

"ROCESS DESCRI"TION

The Library Mana)eent !yste is #esi)ne# : #evel/0e# (/r a recei0t an# issuance /( b//+s in the library al/n) 2ith the stu#ent4s #etails. The b//+s receive# in the library are entere# in ,//+s Entry (/r an# the ne2 stu#ent is entere# in the stu#ent entry (/r. When the stu#ent 2ants t/ )et the #esire# b//+ the sae is issue# /n the availability basis t/ the stu#ent. The issuance an# #ue #ate (/r the returnin) /( the b//+ is als/ entere# int/ the ,//+ "ssue (/r un#er thir# enu ,//+ "ssue. The stu#ent has t/ 0ay the (ine i( any /n the basis /( n/. /( #ays #elaye# #e0/sit /( the b//+ in the library. 5


INTROD$CTION TO %TML *TML ;*y0erte-t Mar+u0 Lan)ua)e< is use# t/ create #/cuent /n the W/rl# Wi#e Web. "t is si0ly a c/llecti/n /( certain +ey 2/r#s calle# =Ta)s4 that are hel0(ul in 2ritin) the #/cuent t/ be #is0laye# usin) a br/2ser /n "nternet. "t is a 0lat(/r in#e0en#ent lan)ua)e that can be use# /n any 0lat(/r such as Win#/2s1 Linu-1 Macint/sh1 an# s/ /n. T/ #is0lay a #/cuent in 2eb it is essential t/ ar+3u0 the #i((erent eleents ;hea#in)s1 0ara)ra0hs1 tables1 an# s/ /n< /( the #/cuent 2ith the *TML ta)s. T/ vie2 a ar+3u0 #/cuent user has t/ /0en the #/cuent in a br/2ser. A br/2ser un#erstan#s an# inter0rets the *TML ta)s1 i#enti(ies the structure /( the #/cuent ;2hich 0art are 2hich< an# a+es #ecisi/n ab/ut 0resentati/n ;h/2 the 0arts l//+< /( the #/cuent. *TML als/ 0r/vi#es ta)s t/ a+e the #/cuent l//+ attractive usin) )ra0hics1 (/nt si8e an# c/l/rs. User can a+e a lin+ t/ the /ther #/cuent /r the #i((erent secti/n /( the sae #/cuent by 6


creatin) *y0erte-t Lin+s als/ +n/2n as *y0erlin+s. OB&ECTI'ES

A(ter )/in) thr/u)h this less/n1 y/u 2/ul# be able t/> reate1 save an# vie2 a *TML #/cuent '/rat a 2eb 0a)e usin) secti/n hea#in) ta)s Describe Or#ere# an# Un/r#ere# lists E-0lain )ra0hics in *TML #/cuent Describe hy0erte-t lin+s an# a+in) te-t7ia)e lin+s

• • • • •

CREATING( SA'ING AND 'IEWING A %TML DOC$MENT Creati)* a %TML do+ume)t

The essential ta)s that are re9uire# t/ create a *TML #/cuent are>

?*TML@.............?7*TML@ ?*EAD@.............?7*EAD@

!tartin) ta)

?,OD%@.............?7,OD%@

%TML Ta* ,%TML-

The ?*TML@ ta) encl/ses all /ther *TML ta)s an# ass/ciate# te-t 2ithin y/ur #/cuent. "t is an /0ti/nal ta). %/u 7


can create an *TML #/cuent that /its these ta)s1 an# y/ur br/2ser can still rea# it an# #is0lay it. ,ut it is al2ays a )//# (/r t/ inclu#e the start an# st/0 ta)s. The .ormat i/:

?*TML@ %/ur Title an# D/cuent ;c/ntains te-t 2ith *TML ta)s< )/es here ?7*TML@ M/st *TML ta)s have t2/ 0arts1 an /0enin) ta) an# cl/sin) ta). The cl/sin) ta) is the sae as the /0enin) ta)1 e-ce0t (/r the slash ar+ e.). ?7*TML@. The slash ar+ is al2ays use# in cl/sin) ta)s.

An *TML #/cuent has t2/ #istinct 0arts *EAD an# ,OD%. The #ormat i/:

8


?*TML@ ?*EA D@

………… ………… ………… ?7*EAD @

?,OD%@

……… … ……… … ……… … ?7,OD%@ ?7*TML@

%EAD Ta* ,%EAD-

*EAD ta) c/es a(ter the *TML start ta). "t c/ntains T"TLE ta) t/ )ive the #/cuent a title that #is0lays /n the br/2sers title bar at the t/0. 9


The #ormat i/:

?*EAD@

?T"TLE@ %/ur title )/es here ?7T"TLE@

?7*EAD@ BOD Ta* ,BOD-

The ,OD% ta) c/ntains all the te-t an# )ra0hics /( the #/cuent 2ith all the *TML ta)s that are use# (/r c/ntr/l an# (/rattin) /( the 0a)e. The #ormat i/:

?,OD%@ %/ur D/cuent )/es here ?7,OD%@ An *TML #/cuent1 2eb 0a)e can be create# usin) a te-t e#it/r1 N/te0a# /r W/r#Pa#. All the *TML #/cuents sh/ul# have the e-tensi/n .ht /r .htl. "t re9uire a 2eb br/2ser li+e "nternet E-0l/rer /r Netsca0e Navi)at/r7/unicat/r t/ vie2 the #/cuent.

E0am12e> "t is y (irst 2eb 0a)e 10


#o22o3 the /te1/ to +reate a)d 4ie3 i) bro3/er:

!te035> O0en te-t e#it/r N/te0a# ;clic+ /n !tart Pr/)ras

Access/ries

N/te0a#

!te03> Enter the (/ll/2in) lines /( c/#e ?*TML@

?*EAD@

?T"TLE@ My (irst Pa)e

?7T"TLE@ ?7*EAD@ ?,OD%@ WELOME TO M% '"R!T WE, PAGE

?7,OD%@

?7*TML@

!te03B> !ave the (ile as y(irst0a)e.htl ;)/ t/ 'ile3!ave As3 )ive 'ile nae> y(irst0a)e.htl3ch//se save as ty0e All 'iles3clic+ save< !te03C> &ie2in) #/cuent in 2eb br/2ser ;/0en "nternet E-0l/rer3clic+ 11


/n 'ile3O0en3,r/2se3select the (ile y(irst0a)e.htl3clic+ /0en3clic+ /+<

12


Fig:- &ie2in) *TML #/cuentMy(irst0a)e.htl in br/2ser Attribute/ u/ed 3ith ,BOD-

,GOLOR> use# t/ set the bac+)r/un# c/l/r (/r the #/cuent. E0am12e:

?,OD% ,GOLORyell/2@ %/ur #/cuent te-t )/es here ?7,OD%@ 13


TE5T> use# t/ set the c/l/r /( the te-t /( the #/cuent E0am12e:

?,OD% TEFTre#@ D/cuent te-t chan)e# t/ re# c/l/r ?7,OD%@ MARGINS> set the le(t han#7ri)ht han# ar)in /( the #/cuent. LE#TMARGIN> set the le(t han# ar)in /( the #/cuent. E0am12e:

?,OD% LE'TMARG"N6@ This #/cuent is in#ente# 6 0i-els (r/ the le(t han# si#e /( the 0a)e. ?7,OD%@ TO"MARGIN: set the le(t han# ar)in /( the #/cuent. E0am12e:

?,OD% TOPMARG"N6@ This #/cuent is in#ente# 6 0i-els (r/ the t/0 /( the 0a)e. ?7,OD%@

14


BACKGRO$ND> "t is use# t/ 0/int t/ an ia)e (ile ;the (iles 2ith an e-tensi/n .)i(1 .j0e)< that 2ill be use# as the bac+)r/un# /( the #/cuent. The ia)e (ile 2ill be tile# acr/ss the #/cuent. E0am12e:

?,OD% ,AKGROUND(ilenae.)i(@ %/ur #/cuent te-t )/es here ?7,OD%@ E0am12e: An *TML #/cuent attribute.htl that sh/2s the use /( attributes 2ith the ?,OD%@ ta)

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?*TML@ ?*EAD@ ?T"TLE@ Use /( Attributes 2ith the ,/#y Ta) ?7T"TLE@ ?7*EAD@ ?,OD%,AKGROUNDc/0uter.)i( te-tblue

TOPMARG"N HI LE'TMARG"NHI

%/ur #/cuent te-t 2ill be in#ente# HI 0i-els (r/ the le(t han# an# HI 0i-els (r/ the t/0 /( the 0a)e. The bac+)r/un# ia)e c/0uter.)i( 2ill be tile# acr/ss the #/cuent. %/ur ia)e an# *MTL #/cuent sh/ul# 0resent at the sae 0lace. ?7,OD%@ ?7*TML@

16


'i).>3 &ie2in) *TML #/cuent attribute.htl in br/2ser

17


Co)tai)er a)d Em1ty Ta*/:6 All *TML ta)s are encl/se# in an)le brac+ets =?4 an# =@4 i.e. O0enin) Ta)> ?*TML@ an# cl/sin) ta)> ?7*TML@ sae as /0enin) ta) e-ce0t a 7 ;slash< ar+. Ta)s are n/t case3sensitive i.e. there is n/ #i((erence in sall an# ca0ital letters in ta)s.

There are t3o ty1e/ o. ta*/: 5. Co)tai)er Ta*/> Ta)s 2hich have b/th the /0enin) an# cl/sin) i.e. ?TAG@ an# ?7TAG@ are calle# c/ntainer ta)s They h/l# the te-t an# /the /therr *TML TML ta)s in bet2e et2eeen the ta)s. )s. The ?*TML@ TML@11 ?*EAD@1 ?T"TLE@ an# ?,OD%@ ta)s are all c/ntainer ta)s. E-a0le> ?TAG@ ?TAG@ this is a c/ntainer ta). "t h/l#s b/th the te-t an# *TML ta) ?7TAG@ 78 Em1ty Em1ty Ta*/:

Ta)s1 2hich have /nly /0enin) an# n/ en#in) are calle# e0ty ta)s. The ?*R@1 2hich is use# t/ #ra2 */ri8/ntal1 rule acr/ss the 2i#th /( the #/cuent1 an# line brea+ ?,R@ ta)s are e0ty ta)s.

18


#ORMATTING WEB "AGE: %TML ta*/ u/ed .or .ormatti)* a 3eb 1a*e are:

!ET"ON *EAD"NG> ?*5@.............?*@ *TML has si- hea#er ta)s ?*5@1 ?*@...........?*@ use# t/ s0eci(y secti/n hea#in)s. Te-t 2ith hea#er ta)s is #is0laye# in lar)er an# b/l#er (/nts than the n/ral b/#y te-t by a 2eb br/2ser. br/2ser. Every hea#er leaves a blan+ line ab/ve an# an# bel/2 it 2hen #is0laye# in br/2ser. br/2ser. *TML #/cue #/cuent1 nt1 hea#i hea#in)s n)s.ht .htl l sh/2s sh/2s the the #i((e #i((eren rentt E0am12e: An *TML secti/n hea#in)s.

?*TML@ ?*EAD@ ?T"TLE@ !ecti/n *ea#in) ?7T"TLE@ ?7*EAD@ ?,OD%@ ?*5@ This is !ecti/n *ea#in) 5 ?7*5@ ?*@ This is !ecti/n *ea#in)  ?7*@ ?*B@ This is !ecti/n *ea#in) B ?7*B@ ?*C@ This is !ecti/n *ea#in) C ?7*C@ ?*I@ This is !ecti/n *ea#in) I ?7*I@ ?*@ This is !ecti/n *ea#in)  ?7*@ ?7,OD%@ ?7*TML@

19


'i). C.C > &ie2in) &ie2in) *TML #/cuent hea#in)s.htl in br/2ser

20


Some 1e+u2iaritie/ about the 3eb bro3/er o) 4ie3i)* %TML do+ume)t te0t:6  ,r/2sers i)n/re e-tra s0ace 2ithin *TML #/cuent

,r/2sers i)n/re any a##iti/nal s0ace y/u ty0e1 an# c/0ress the te-t as i( the s0ace #i# n/t e-ist. '/r E-a0le> %/u can have te-t My 'irst Pa)e. 

,r/2sers i)n/re y/ur e-tra line an# 0ara)ra0h brea+s

Generally y/u 0ress enter 2hen y/u 2ant t/ create line an# 0ara)ra0h brea+s1 but they 2/n4t sh/2 u0 2hen y/u vie2 the #/cuent in br/2ser. I) order to +o)tro2 your 1ara*ra1h a)d 2i)e brea9/( ,"- a)d ,BRta*/ are u/ed $/i)* 1ara*ra1h ta*: ,"-

This ta) ?P@ in#icates a 0ara)ra0h1 use# t/ se0arate t2/ 0ara)ra0hs 2ith a blan+ line. E0am12e:

?P@ Welc/e t/ the 2/rl# /( *TML ?7P@ ?P@ 'irst 0ara)ra0h. Te-t /( 'irst 0ara)ra0h )/es here ?7P@ Out1ut:

Welc/e t/ the 2/rl# /( *TML 'irst 0ara)ra0h. Te-t /( 'irst 0ara)ra0h )/es here 21


*ere1 t2/ 0ara)ra0hs are se0arate# 2ith a line. ,ut 2eb br/2ser i)n/res the line brea+s in the sec/n# 0ara)ra0h that can be c/ntr/lle# by 0uttin) ?,R@ ta). Usin) Line ,rea+ Ta)> ?,R@ The e0ty ta) ?,R@ is use#1 2here the te-t nee#s t/ start (r/ a ne2 line an# n/t c/ntinue /n the sae line. T/ )et every sentence /n a ne2 line1 it is necessary t/ use a line brea+.

E0am12e:

?,OD%@ Nati/nal "nstitute /( O0en !ch//lin) ?,R@ ,3B5,1 Kailash /l/ny ?,R@ Ne2 Delhi35566CJ ?7,OD%@

Out1ut:

Nati/nal "nstitute /( O0en !ch//lin) ,3B5,1 Kailash /l/ny Ne2 Delhi35566CJ $/i)* "re.ormatted Te0t Ta*: ,"RE-

?PRE@ ta) can be use#1 2here it re9uires t/tal c/ntr/l /ver s0acin) an# line brea+s such as ty0in) a 0/e. ,r/2ser 0reserves y/ur s0ace an# line brea+ in the te-t 2ritten insi#e the ta).

22


E-a0le> ?PRE@ Nati/nal "nstitute /( O0en !ch//lin) ,3B5,1 Kailash /l/ny Ne2 Delhi35566CJ ?7PRE@ Out1ut: Nati/nal "nstitute /( O0en !ch//lin) ,3B5,1 Kailash /l/ny Ne2 Delhi35566CJ

E0am12e> An *TML #/cuent c/ntr/l.htl sh/2s the use /( ?P@1 ?,R@ an# ?PRE@

23


?*TML@ ?*EAD@ ?T"TLE@ Use /( Para)ra0h1 Line brea+ an# 0re(/ratte# te-t Ta) ?7T"TLE@ ?7*EAD@ ?,OD%@ *TML Tut/rial ?P@ *TML stan#s (/r *y0erte-t Mar+u0 Lan)ua)e "t is use# (/r creatin) 2eb 0a)e. "t is very si0le an# easy t/ learn. ?7P ?P@ *TML stan#s (/r *y0erte-t Mar+u0 Lan)ua)e.?,R@ "t is use# (/r creatin) 2eb 0a)e. "t is very si0le?,R@ an# easy t/ learn.?,R@ ?7P@ ?PRE@ *TML stan#s (/r *y0erte-t Mar+u0 Lan)ua)e "t is use# (/r creatin) 2eb 0a)e. "t is very si0le an# easy t/ learn. ?7PRE@ ?7,OD%@ ?7*TML@

24


Usin) */ri8/ntal Rule Ta)> ?*R@ An e0ty ta) ?*R@ basically use# t/ #ra2 lines an# h/ri8/ntal rules. "t can be use# t/ se0arate t2/ secti/ns /( te-t.

25


E0am12e:

?,OD%@ %/ur h/ri8/ntal rule )/es here. ?*R@ The rest /( the te-t )/es here ?7,OD%@ Out1ut:

%/ur h/ri8/ntal rule )/es here The rest /( the te-t )/es here ,%R- a++e1t/ .o22o3i)* attribute/: SIE: Deterines the thic+ness /( the h/ri8/ntal rule. The value is )iven as a 0i-el value. E0am12e: ?*R !"EB@ WIDT%> !0eci(ies an e-act 2i#th /( *R in 0i-els1 /r a relative 2i#th as 0ercenta)e /( the #/cuent 2i#th. E0am12e: ?*R W"DT*I6@1 h/ri8/ntal rule a 2i#th a I6 0ercent /( the 0a)e 2i#th. ALIGN: !et the ali)nent /( the rule t/ LE'T1 R"G*T an# ENTER. "t is a00licable i( it is n/t e9ual t/ 2i#th /( the 0a)e. NOS%ADE> "( a s/li# bar is re9uire#1 this attribute is use# it s0eci(ies that the h/ri8/ntal rule sh/ul# n/t be sha#e# at all. COLOR: !et the c/l/r /( the */ri8/ntal rule 26


E0am12e: ?*R OLOR,LUE@ E0am12e o. ,%R- 3ith it/ attribute: ?*R AL"GNENTER W"DT*I6 OLOR,LUE@

!"EB

NO!*ADE

Chara+ter #ormatti)* Ta*/:

The character (/rattin) ta)s are use# t/ s0eci(y h/2 a 0articular te-t sh/ul# be #is0laye# /n the screen t/ #istin)uish certain characters 2ithin the #/cuent. The mo/t +ommo) +hara+ter .ormatti)* ta*/ are: Bo2d.a+e ,B-: #is0lays te-t in ,OLD E0am12e: Welc/e t/ the ?,@ "nternet W/rl# ?7,@ Out1ut: Welc/e t/ the "nternet W/rl# Ita2i+/ ,I- > #is0lays te-t in "talic E0am12e> Welc/e t/ the ?"@ "nternet W/rl# ?7"@ Out1ut> Welc/e t/ the "nternet W/rl# Sub/+ri1t ,S$B- > #is0lays te-t in

!ubscri0t

Su1er/+ri1t ,S$"-: #is0lays te-t in

!u0erscri0t

Sma22 ,SMALL-: #is0lays te-t in saller (/nt as c/0are# t/ n/ral (/nt

27


Bi* ,BIG- >#is0lays te-t in lar)er (/nt as c/0are# t/ n/ral (/nt. #o)t Co2or/ a)d Si;e:,'ONT@

,y usin) ?'ONT@ Ta) /ne can s0eci(y the c/l/rs1 si8e /( the te-t.

E0am12e> ?'ONT@ %/ur te-t )/es here ?7'ONT@

Attribute/ o. ,#ONT- are: COLOR: !ets the c/l/r /( the te-t that 2ill a00ear /n the screen. "t can be set by )ivin) the value as rr6666 (/r re# ;in RG, he-a#ecial (/rat<1 /r by nae. E0am12e> ?'ONT OLORRED@ %/ur te-t )/es here ?7 'ONT@

!"E> !ets the si8e /( the te-t1 ta+es value bet2een 5 an# H1 #e(ault is B. !i8e can als/ be set relative t/ #e(ault si8e (/r e-a0le !"EF1 2here F is any inte)er value an# it 2ill a## 2ith the #e(ault si8e. E0am12e: ?'ONT !"EI@ '/nt !i8e chan)es t/ I ?7'ONT@

?'ONT !"E@ '/nt !i8e chan)es t/ I i.e. #e(ault si8e ;B< Q?7'ONT@ #ACE: !ets the n/ral (/nt ty0e1 0r/vi#e# it is installe# /n the user4s achine. E0am12e: An *TML #/cuent (/ratTe-t.htl sh/2s the use /( haracter '/rattin) Ta)s.

28


?*TML@ ?*EAD@ ?T"TLE@ Use /( haracter '/rattin) Te-t Ta)s ?7T"TLE@ ?7*EAD@ ?,OD%@ ?*5@?"@ Welc/e t/ the 2/rl# /( "nternet?7"@?7*5@ "t is a ?'ONT OLOR,LUE !"EC@ ?U@Net2/r+ /( Net2/r+s?7U@ ?7'ONT@ ?7,OD%@ ?7*TML@

29


'i).>3 &ie2in) *TML #/cuent (/ratTe-t.htl in br/2ser $/i)* Some S1e+ia2 Chara+ter/ There are certain s0ecial characters that can be use# 2hile creatin) #/cuent. '/ll/2in) are s/e s0ecial character> Symbo2/ E)tity

1 S

! "! # )! *! +! ≤!≥ $

:c/0y1 :re)

$%&'(14! $%&'(12! $%&'(34 $,ii,.! $/! $g! $/.! $g. $' 30


$',.! $(/! $.'&

♣♠♥

All these s0ecial character ust be en#e# 2ith a seic/l/n

E0am12e: ?PRE@

The c/0yri)ht syb/l is> :OP% The re)istere# ran+ is> :REG

?7PRE@

Out1ut: The c/0yri)ht syb/l is> The re)istere# ran+ is>S

$SING LIST IN WEB "AGE

*TML !u00/rts several 2ays /( arran)in) ites in lists. The /st c//nly use# are>  Or#ere# List ;Nubere# List<  Un/r#ere# List ;,ullete# List<

Ordered Li/t ,OL-

Or#ere# list als/ calle# as Nubere# list1 is use# t/ 0resent a nubere# list /( ite in the /r#er /( i0/rtance /r the ite ;0ara)ra0h< is ar+e# 2ith a nuber. An /r#ere# list ust be)in 2ith the ?OL@ (/ll/2e# by an ?L"@ list ite ta). E0am12e: An *TML #/cuent /r#ere#List.htl sh/2s the use /( Or#ere# List

31


?*TML@ ?*EAD@

?T"TLE@ An Or#ere# List ?7T"TLE@

?7*EAD@ ?,OD%@ ?*5@?U@ &ari/us Ters Use# "n "nternet?7U@?7*5@ ? OL@ ?L"@ WWW3W/rl# Wi#e Web ?L"@ URL3Uni(/r Res/urce L/cat/r ?L"@ *TTP3*y0erte-t Trans(er Pr/t/c/l ?L"@ 'TP3'ile Trans(er Pr/t/c/l ?L"@ *TML3*y0erte-t Mar+u0 Lan)ua)e ?7OL@ ?7,OD%@

?7*TML@

32


'i).>3 &ie2in) *TML #/cuent /r#ere#List.htl in br/2ser

Attribute/ o. ,OL- ta*: 

COM"ACT> ren#er a list in c/0act (/r



T"E> all/2s ar+in) list ites 2ith #i((erent ty0es. ,y #e(ault the list "te ar+ers are set t/ nubers 511B s/ /n.

Other 4a2ue/ o. T"E attribute are:

Attribute

Descri0ti/n

Ty0e  A

a0ital letter e). A1 ,1 

Ty0e  a

!all letter e). a1 b1 c1 33


Ty0e  "

U00ercase R/an Nubers e). "1 ""1 """

Ty0e  i

L/2ercase R/an Nubers e). i1 ii1 iii

Ty0e  5

e). 51 1 B.



START: use# (/r lists that nee# t/ start at values /ther than 5. !TART al2ays s0eci(ie# in #e(ault nubers1 an# is c/0lete# base# /n T%PE be(/re #is0lay1 '/r e-a0le1 "( !TART I it 2/ul# #is0lay either an =E41 =e41 =&41 =v41 /r =I4 base# an T%PE attribute.

Ne/ted Order Li/t

One /r#ere# list i)ht c/ntain /ne /r /re /r#ere# list that is calle# as Neste# Or#er lists.

E0am12e> An *TML #/cuent neste#.htl sh/2s the use /( Neste# Or#er Lists 2ith attributes.

34


*TML+ *EAD+ *TITLE+ . % N.., &,.&., Li*;TITLE+ *;EAD+ *BDY+ *L TYg. *;L+ *LI+ ?EGETABLES *L TY@'/ *LI+ ''g. *LI+ T' *;L+ *;L+ *;BDY+ *;TML+

'i).> 3Dis0layin) Neste# Or#ere# Lists 2ith attributes in br/2ser 35


$)ordered Li/t ,$L-

Un/r#ere# List als/ calle# as bullete# list1 use# t/ 0resent list /( ites ar+e# 2ith bullets. An un/r#ere# list starts 2ith in ?UL@ (/ll/2e# by ?L"@ ;List "te< ta). Use /( ?UL@ is very siilar t/ ?OL@ ;/r#ere# list<. E0am12e> Use /( Un/r#ere# List an# &ari/us Attributes

*TML+ *EAD+ *TITLE+ . % >&,.&., Li *;TITLE+ *;EAD+ *BDY+ *L+ *LI+ FRITS *L+ *LI+ A/. *LI+ M'>g *LI+ &'>g. *;L+ *LI+ ?EGETABLE *L+ *LI+ B&i>@'/ *LI+ ''g. *LI+ T' *;L+ *;L+ *;BDY+ *;TML+

36


$SING GRA"%ICS IN WEB "AGE ,IMG-

"a)es can be 0lace# in a 2eb 0a)e by usin) ?"MG@ ta). There are any ia)e (/rats available t/#ay1 but the /st 2i#ely use# a/n) the are )i( an# j0e). The )i( (/rat is c/nsi#ere# su0eri/r t/ the j0e) (/rat (/r its clarity an# ability t/ aintain the /ri)inality /( an ia)e 2ith/ut l/2erin) its 9uality. Usin) t//ls such as G"' c/nstruct/r /r A#/be Ph/t/sh/0 ia)es can be create#. It i/ a) em1ty ta* ;/nly start ta)1 n/ en# ta)< an# is 2ritten as> ,IMG SRC < ima*e=$RLSRC > Sour+e o. the ima*e .i2e 37


ima*e=$RL  re0resents the ia)e (ile 2ith its l/cati/n. E0am12e: ?"MG !R(ile>777>7NO!l/)/.G"'@

*ere1 ia)eVURL (ile>777>7NO!l/)/.G"'1 it eans ia)e is available in the *ar# Drive > /n the l/cal har# #is+. ?"MG E0am12e: ia)es70lani).j0)@

!R

htt0>770lannin)c/issi/n.nic.in7

%ere ima*e =$RL i/  htt0>770lannin)c/issi/n.nic.in7ia)es 0lani).j0). The ia)e 0lani).j0)1 is ta+en (r/ the ia)es #irect/ry /( Plannin) /issi/n Web !erver =Plannin)c/3 issi/n.nic.in4.

"( the l/cati/n /( the ia)e an# 2eb 0a)e are in the sae 0lace in the sae #irect/ry70ath then it is si0ly 2ritten ?"MG !RNO!l/)/.G"'@ Thi/ SRC attribute i/ ma)datory .or the ,IMG- ta* Other attribute/ u/ed 3ith ,IMG- are: 6 

AL"GN



*E"G*T AND W"DT*



&!PAE an# *!PAE



ALT



,ORDER

38


39


ALIGN: use# t/ set the ali)nent /( the te-t a#jacent t/ the ia)e. "t ta+es the (/ll/2in) values>  AL"GN  LE'T 3 Dis0lays ia)e /n le(t si#e an# the subse9uent te-t (l/2s ar/un# the ri)ht han# si#e /( that ia)e 

AL"GN  R"G*T 3 Dis0lays the ia)e /n the ri)ht si#e an# the subse9uent te-t (l/2s ar/un# the le(t han# si#e /( that ia)e.



AL"GN  TOP 3 Ali)ns the te-t 2ith the t/0 /( the ia)e



AL"GN  M"DDLE 3 Ali)ns the te-t 2ith the i##le /( the ia)e.



AL"GN,OTTOM 3 Ali)ns the te-t 2ith the b/tt/ /( the ia)e.

By de.au2t( the te0t i/ a2i*)ed 3ith the bottom o. the ima*e E0am12e: Usin) ?"MG@ ta) 2ith attributes

40


*TML+ *EAD+ *TITLE+ . % IMG T'g i i ALIGN A&i.*;TITLE+ *;EAD+ *BDY+ *<+ *IMG SR=NS/gCGIF ALIGN=T<+ A/ig> . . i . T % . i'g. *;<+ *<+ *IMG SR=NS/gCGIF ALIGN=MIDDLE+ A/ig> . . i . Mi,,/. % . i'g. *;<+

41


*+ *IMG SR=NS/gCGIF ALIGN=LEFT+ Di/' i'g. > /.% i,. '>, . ..> . H '&>, . &ig '>, i,. % ' i'g.C Di/' i'g. > /.% i,. '>, . ..> . H '&>, . &ig '>, i,. % ' i'g.C Di/' i'g. > /.% i,. '>, . ..> . H '&>, . &ig '>, i,. % ' i'g.C

*;<+ *<+

*IMG SR=NS/gCGIF ALIGN=RIGT+ Di/' i'g. > &ig i,. '>, . ..> . H '&>, . /.% '>, i,. % ' i'g.C Di/' i'g. > &ig i,. '>, . ..> . H '&>, . /.% '>, i,. % ' i'g.C *;<+ *;BDY+ *;TML+

42


'i).>3 Dis0layin) "a)e 2ith its attributes in br/2ser

43


%EIG%T a)d WIDT%

*ei)ht an# Wi#th /( an ia)e can be c/ntr/lle# by usin) the *E"G*T an# W"DT* attributes in the ?"MG@ ta) as (/ll/2s> E0am12e: ?"MG !R NO!l/)/.G"' *E"G*TB6 W"DT*C6@

%S"ACE a)d 'S"ACE

White s0ace ar/un# an ia)e can be 0r/vi#e# by usin) *!PAE ;*/ri8/ntal !0ace< an# &!PAE ;&ertical !0ace< attributes /( the ?"MG@ ta). These attributes 0r/vi#e the s0ace in 0i-els. E0am12e> ?"MG !RNO!l/)/.G"' &!PAEB6 *!PAEI@

ALT ?A2ter)ati4e Te0t@ This attribute is use# t/ )ive alternative te-t that can be #is0laye# in 0lace /( the ia)e. This is re9uire# 2hen the user nee#s t/ st/0 #is0lay /( ia)es 2hile retrievin) a #/cuent in /r#er t/ a+e the retrieval (aster1 /r 2hen the br/2ser #/es n/t su00/rt )ra0hics. "t is als/ use# a t//l ti0s  #is0layin) #escri0ti/n /( the ia)e 2hen the /use is /ver the ia)e. E0am12e: ?"MG !RNO!l/)/.G"' ALT  NO!L/)/@

44


BORDER

,/r#er ar/un# the ia)e can be c/ntr/lle# by usin) ,ORDER attribute /( ?"MG@ ta). ,y #e(ault ia)e #is0lays 2ith a thin b/r#er. T/ chan)e the thic+ness /r turn the b/r#er /((1 the value in 0i-els sh/ul# set t/ ,ORDER attribute.

E0am12e: ?"MG !RNO!l/)/.G"' ,ORDER6@

,ORDER 6 t/ Turn the ,/r#er /((

E0am12e: ?"MG !RNO!l/)/.G"' ,ORDERB@

,ORDERB t/ a+e the b/r#er thic+ness t/ B

E0am12e> !h/2in) the use /( "a)e Attributes

45


*TML+ *EAD+ *TITLE+ . % I'g. A&i. *;TITLE+ *;EAD+ *BDY+ *IMG SR=NSLgCGIF S'/ I>i. % .> S(/i>gC N'i>'/ I>i. % .> S(/i>gC N'i>'/ I>i. % .> S(/i>gC N'i>'/ I>i. % .> S(/i>gC N'i>'/ I>i. % .> S(/i>gC N'i>'/ I>i. % .> S(/i>g *;BDY+ *;TML+ 'i) > Dis0layin) "a)e 2ith its attributes in br/2ser $)der/ta)di)* Ima*e Ma1/

"a)e Ma0s as1 the nae su))ests1 eans a00in)7lin+in) t/ #i((erent URL4s #i((erent 0/rti/n /( /ne ia)e. lic+in) /n a 0/rti/n /( an ia)e1 /ne can ju0 t/ the lin+ c/nnecte# 2ith that 0art. #or e0am12e: Di((erent areas in the a0 /( "n#ia ay be lin+e# t/ the URL /( 2ebsite /( the res0ective states.

P/siti/n /( an ia)e that acts as a lin+ t/ #i((erent URL can be /( 46


#i((erent sha0es an# si8es #e0en#in) /n /ne ch/ice. P/ssible sha0es are circle1 /val1 rectan)le1 0/ly)/n an# 0/int. "a)e a0s are 2i#ely use# in Web 0a)es. They are ainly use# 2ith )e/)ra0hic a0s1 /r)ani8ati/n charts1 #ra2in) /( ulti c/0/nent structures an# s/ /n. ,est vie2 in the site> htt0>770lannin)c/issi/n.nic.in. An ia)e a0 can be create# by usin) "a)e Ma00in) !/(t2are Ma0This. The s/(t2are can be (reely #/2nl/a#able (r/htt0>77222.(ree#/2nl/a#scenter.c/WebVAuth/rin)7"a)eVMa00i n)VT//ls7Ma0This.htl. WORKING WIT% LINKS: ,A- ANC%OR TAG

Web 0a)es are lin+e# t/ /ne an/ther thr/u)h *y0erte-t Lin+s. !ecti/n /( te-t /r ia)e in the *TML #/cuent can be lin+e# t/ an e-ternal #/cuent /r t/ a s0eci(ic 0lace 2ithin the sae #/cuent. The te-t /r ia)e that 0r/vi#es such lin+a)e is +n/2n as *y0erte-t /r */ts0/t *TML 0r/vi#es ?A@ Anch/r Ta) t/ create lin+s. The (/rat /( usin) anch/r ta) is as (/ll/2s> ?A *RE' URL@ Ma+e Me The Lin+ ?7A@ *RE' ;*y0er Lin+ Re(erence< is a an#at/ry attribute use# t/ re(er the URL /( the res/urce. URL ;Uni(/r Res/urce L/cat/r< is an a##ress tells the br/2ser ab/ut the (ile t/ lin+ t/. "t i#enti(ies (ile l/cati/ns ;A##resses< /n the 2eb /r /n the l/cal har# #rive. These a##resses can be th/se /( *TML #/cuents /r eleents such as ia)es1 scri0ts1 a00lets an# /ther (iles. "t is al2ays encl/se# in 9u/tes. Lin+in) a te-t t/ a 2eb site 7 an e-ternal #/cuent

47


E0am12e:

?A *RE' htt0>77222.ni/s.ac.in@Lin+ t/ Website /( N"O!?7A@ OR ?A *RE'htt0>77222.ni/s.ac.in7/((ices.ht@Lin+s t/ /ntact Us 0a)e /( N"O!?7A@

O0enin) A##ress /( the #/cuent Ta) Anch/r Ta)

Lin+ te-t

l/sin) Anch/r

"n the ab/ve e-a0le the lin+ te-t Lin+s t/ /ntact Us 0a)e /( N"O!X 2/ul# a00ear un#erline# an# in a c/l/r #i((erent (r/ any /ther te-t in the #/cuent t/ #istin)uish a lin+ (r/ n/ral te-t Als/ y/u 2/ul# (in# that the /use 0/inter chan)es int/ a han# li+e syb/l 2hen ta+en /ver the hy0erlin+. Li)9i)* a) ima*e to 3eb /ite

An ia)e can be lin+e# t/ a 2eb site /r *TML #/cuent. E0am12e:

?A *RE' htt0>77222.ni/s.ac.in@?"MG ,ORDERB@?7A@

!RNO!l/)/.G"'

Li)9i)* ?um1i)*@ to a /1e+i.i+ 12a+e 3ithi) the /ame do+ume)t

!/eties1 it is re9uire# t/ ju0 #i((erent secti/ns in the sae #/cuent. '/r this it nee#s t2/ ste0s1 (irst i#enti(y secti/n 2ith a nae an# /r sec/n# use ju0s t/ the l/cati/n usin) the nae use#. 48


The /y)ta0 i/:6 5. ?A *RE'secti/nVnae@ lin+ t/ an/ther secti/n /( the sae #/cuent ?7A@ This lin+ te-t ju0s t/ the secti/n nae# 2ith *RE' /n clic+ The  syb/l be(/re the secti/n nae is ust. . ?A NAMEsecti/nVnae@ ,e)innin) /( the secti/n ?7A@

The NAME attribute is use# t/ i#enti(y a secti/n 2ith a nae. "t is a uni9ue i#enti(ier 2ithin the #/cuent (/r the anch/r. One can als/ ju0 t/ a s0eci(ic secti/n /( #i((erent #/cuent s0eci(yin) the 0ath /n *RE' attribute.

E0am12e: Withi) the /ame do+ume)t > ?A *RE'secti/nVnae@ Same .o2der( but di..ere)t do+ume)t: ?A*RE'#/cuent htlsecti/nVnae@ A di..ere)t /er4er

?A *RE'htt0>77222.ni/s.ac.in7(/l#ernae7#/cuent.htl secti/nVnae@ E0am12e: Use /( Anch/r Ta)

49


*TML+ *EAD+*TITLE+ . % A>(& T'g*;TITLE+*;EAD+ *BDY+ *2 '/ig>=(.>.&+*+*FNT LR=BLE+N'i>'/ I>i. % .> S(/i>g*;FNT+ *;+*;2+ *A REF=:;;C>iC'(Ci>+*IMG SR=NS/gCGIF '/=NISLG '/ig>=/.%+*;A+ T. ((. % .> /.'&>i>g '>, ,i'>(. .,('i> .& ( ,..>, > . '&>.i>g % . >. '>, /'. .(>/gC T. ..&gi>g I>.&>. '>, . T.(>/g ./ i> .J.(i. ,i.i>'i> % i>%&'i>C T. . i. i ' ,.'>, &(. % /'. i>%&'i>C >. ('> '((. NIS .i.  (/i(Ki>g > *A REF=:;;C>iC'(Ci> +:;;C>iC'(Ci>*;A+ R > /i(Ki>g NIS /g *+*;+*+*;+*+*;+*+*;+ *+*+*i+*+I>.&>. '>, . T.(>/g*;+*;i+*;+*;+ *+*FNT LR=BLE+?'&i T.& ., i> I>.&>. '&.:*;FNT+ *&+

50


1C TML .&. M'&K L'>g'g. *&+ 2C  &/, i,. .*&+ 3C *A REF=Oi.+. i.*;A+ Li>Ki>g ii> . ,(.> *&+ 4C . 'g. *&+ 5C RL>i%& R.&(. L('&*&+ 6C TT<.&. T&'>%.& <&(/*&+ 7C .&/i>K *;<+ *<+*;<+*<+*;<+*<+*;<+ TML .&. M'&K L'>g'g. *& '/ig>=/.% i,=24P >',.+ TML .&. M'&K L'>g'g.! L'>g'g. .,  (&.'. ,(.> > . &/, i,. .C I i i/ ' (//.(i> % (.&'i> K. &, ('//., T'g ' ./  &i. . ,(.>C *+*&>g+(/i(K*' &.%=:;; .>CiKi.,i'C&g;iKi;/+ :;;.>CiKi.,i'C&g;iKi;/*;'+  &.', &.*;&>g+ *;+*+*;+ &/, i,. .*& '/ig>=/.% i,=17P >',.+ *+T. *B+&/, i,. .*;B+ *B+*;B+ & i/ . *B+.*;B+ i '> i>%&'i> '(. i> i( . i. % i>.&.! &.%.&&.,  ' &.&(.! '&. i,.>iQ.,  g/'/ i,.>iQ.& ('//.,

51


>i%& R.&(. I,.>iQ.& RIC T. .& i %.> i'K.>/ ., ' ' >> %& . I>.&>.!  . . i '('// ' .&i(. ' .&'. *I+.&*; I+ . I>.&>.C*;+ *+*&>g+(/i(K*;&>g+*' &.%=:;;.>CiKi.,i'C&g;iKi;+ *&>g+:;;.>CiKi.,i'C&g;iKi;*;&>g+*;' +*&>g+  &.', &.*; &>g+ *;+*+*;+*+*;+ . i. *& '/ig>=/.% i,=6P >',.+ *A NAME=i.+A .i.! . i. &  i. *;A+%.> &.>.,  @ i. i ' (//.(i> % . 'g.! i('// (>  ' '&i(/'& ,'i> >'. & ,'i> > . &/, i,. . > . I>.&>.C *;BDY+ *;TML+

52


'i). >3 Dis0lay /( an e-a0le usin) Anch/r Ta) ?A@ in br/2ser

53


"RO&ECT DETAILS The 0r/ject title# ==Library Mana)eent !yste44 is Library ana)eent s/(t2are (/r /nit/rin) an# c/ntr/llin) the transacti/ns in a library .The 0r/ject Library Mana)eent !ysteX is #evel/0e# in htl1 2hich ainly (/cuses /n basic /0erati/ns in a library li+e a##in) ne2 eber1 ne2 b//+s1 an# u0#atin) ne2 in(/rati/n1 searchin) b//+s an# ebers an# (acility t/ b/rr/2 an# return b//+s.Library Mana)eent !ysteX is a 2in#/2s a00licati/n 2ritten (/r B3 bitWin#/2s /0eratin) systes1 #esi)ne# t/ hel0 users aintain an# /r)ani8e library. Our s/(t2are is easy t/ use (/r b/th be)inners an# a#vance# users. "t (eatures a (ailiar an# 2ell th/u)ht3/ut1 an attractive user inter(ace1 c/bine# 2ith str/n) searchin) "nserti/n an# re0/rtin) ca0abilities. The re0/rt )enerati/n (acility /( library syste hel0s t/ )et a )//# i#ea /( 2hich are the b//+s b/rr/2e# by the ebers1 a+es users 0/ssible t/ )enerate re0/rts4 har# c/0y. The s/(t2are Library Mana)eent !yste has (/ur ain /#ules. "nserti/n t/ Database M/#ule  User (rien#ly in0ut screen E-tractin) (r/ Database /#ule  Attractive Out0ut !creen Re0/rt Generati/n /#ule  b/rr/2e# b//+ list : Available b//+ list !earch 'acility syste  search (/r b//+s an# ebers 8 "ur1o/e:6 The 0ur0/se /( this a00licati/n are as (/ll/2s >

Y The s/(t2are is (/r aut/ati/n /( library. Y "t 0r/vi#es (/ll/2in) (acilities t/ O1erator:

Y an enter #etails relate# t/ a 0articular b//+. Y an 0r/vi#e ebershi0 t/ ebers. Admi):

54


Y an rea# an# 2rite in(/rati/n ab/ut any eber. Y an u0#ate1 create an# #elete the rec/r# /( ebershi0 as 0er re9uireent an# i0leentati/n 0lants. 78@ S+o1e:

The #i((erent areas 2here 2e can use this a00licati/n are> Y Any e#ucati/n institute can a+e use /( it (/r 0r/vi#in) in(/rati/n ab/ut auth/r1 c/ntent /( the available b//+s. Y "t can be use# in /((ices an# /#i(icati/ns can be easily #/ne acc/r#in) t/ re9uireents. 8@ Te+h)o2o*y $/ed: #ro)t E)d> *TML Ba+9 E)d> M! Access 8@ A//um1tio)/

Y This a00licati/n is use# t/ c/nvert the anual a00licati/n t/ the /nline a00licati/n. Y ust/i8e# #ata 2ill be use# in this a00licati/n. Y User #/es n/t have ri)ht t/ enter in(/rati/n ab/ut b//+s. 8@ O4er4ie3 :

Pr/ject is relate# t/ library ana)eent 2hich 0r/vi#es rea#in) services t/ its ebers. Any 0ers/n can bec/e a eber /( the library by (illin) a 0rescribe# (/r. They can )et the b//+ issue#1 s/ that they can ta+e h/e an# return the. 55


F8@ #u)+tio)a2ity:

Y Online ebershi0. Y Kee0s the trac+ /( issues an# subissi/n /( b//+s. This is MD" '/r #esi)ne# (/r selecti/n /( the #i((erent Menus. #o22o3i)* me)u o1tio)/ ha4e bee) 1ro4ided i) thi/ %ome #orm:6

5. ,//+s Entry . User Entry B. "ssue /( ,//+s a< "ssue /( ,//+s b< Return /( the ,//+s C. E-it ,y clic+in) the ,//+ Entry Menu /( the MD" (/r this (/r can be #is0laye# (/r the entry /( ne2 b//+s in the library. #o22o3i)* Te0t Bo0e/ ha4e bee) 1ro4ided .or the e)try o. the boo9/ re2ated i).ormatio):6 5. ,//+ n/. . "!,N N/. B. !ubject 56


C. Nae /( the ,//+ I. Auth/r . Publisher H. E#iti/n J. /0ies Z. /st "n a##iti/n t/ ab/ve #i((erent U0#ate1 Delete1 A##1 !earch1 Re(resh an# E-it c/an# butt/ns have been 0r/vi#e# in the (/r. ,y clic+in) the sec/n# enu User Entry44 this (/r can be /btaine# (/r the entry /( the ne2 user c/in) t/ the library as user acc/unt. The .o22o3i)* 1ro4i/io)/ ha4e bee) 1ro4ided i) thi/ .orm:6 5. . B. C.

!tu#ent "# R/ll N/. Nae /( the !tu#ent ,ranch

"n a##iti/n t/ ab/ve #i((erent U0#ate1 Delete1 A##1 !earch1 Re(resh an# E-it c/an# butt/ns have been 0r/vi#e# in the (/r. This (/r can be /btaine# by clic+in) the "ssues /( ,//+sX 57


un#er the thir# enu "ssues /( ,//+sX (/r issuin) a 0articular b//+ available in the library al/n) 2ith the issue an# #ue #ate. The .o22o3i)* te0t bo0e/ ha4e bee) 1ro4ided .or e)try o. I//ua)+e o. the Boo98 5. ,//+ N/. . !tu#ent "D B. urrent N/. /( /0ies Available C. "ssue Date I. Due Date "n a##iti/n t/ ab/ve #i((erent U0#ate1 Delete1 A##1 !earch1 Re(resh an# E-it c/an# butt/ns have been 0r/vi#e# in the (/r. This (/r can be /btaine# by clic+in) the ,//+s ReturnX un#er the thir# enu "ssues /( ,//+sX (/r returnin) a 0articular b//+ issue# t/ user (r/ the library al/n) 2ith the issue 1 #ue #ate an# return #ate 2ith (ine i( any. The .o22o3i)* te0t bo0e/ ha4e bee) 1ro4ided .or e)try o. retur) o. the Boo9/. . ,//+ N/. H. !tu#ent "D J. urrent N/. /( /0ies Available Z. "ssue Date 58


56. Due Date 55. Return Date 5. 'ine1 i( any "n a##iti/n t/ ab/ve #i((erent U0#ate1 Delete1 A##1 !earch1 Re(resh an# E-it c/an# butt/ns have been 0r/vi#e# in the (/r.

SSTEM DE'LO"MENT LI#E CCLE :

!ystes #evel/0ent li(e cycle is a eth/# /( creatin) in(/rati/n syste. The #evel/0ent /( a s/(t2are syste is 59


al2ays #/ne int/ #i((erent sta)es. The stu#y /( the sta)es /( syste #evel/0ent li(e cycle is calle# as syste stu#yX.The syste analyst 0r/vi#es a eanin) an# #irecti/n t/ the analyst is havin) c/0lete +n/2le#)e /( the 0r/bles /( syste an# their 0/ssible s/luti/ns. '/r this1 analysts have t/ care(ully e-aine the vari/us 0arts /( the syste. R/ un#erstan# the #evel/0ent /( an in(/rati/n syste1 2e have t/ un#erstan# thar every sysre has a li(e cycle an# the stu#y /( li(e cycle /( a syste is very i0/rtant i( a cust/i8e# in(/rati/n syste has t/ be #evel/0e# (/r it. As (ar as the technical #e(initi/n /( sysre #evel/0ent li(e cycle is c/ncerne#. A sysre #evel/0ent li(e cycle is a 0artially /r#ere# c/llecti/n /( acti/ns that are carrie# /ut by /ne /r /re s/(t2are en)ineers1 s/(t2are users /r /ther s/(t2are users /r /ther s/(t2are sysres in /r#er t/ acc/0lish a syste #evel/0ent tas+. OR The s/(t2are syste li(e cycle is a s/(t2are 0r/cess by 2hich a s/(t2are syste is #evel/0e#1 teste#1 installe# an# aintaine# thr/u)h/ut its use(ul hist/ry. The li(e cycle c/ntains 0hases1 each /( 2hich is a s/(t2are 0r/cess.

The li(e cycle #escribes the te0/ral1 causal an# in0ut7/ut0ut relati/nshi0 bet2een #i((erent 0hases /( li(e cycle. The li(e cycle c/nce0t als/ inclu#es the c/nce0t /( (ee#bac+ as 2ell as /vin) 60


(/r2ar# t/ ne-t sta)e. "n 0ast1 the c/nce0t /( li(e cycle 2as a00lie# t/ the ana)eent /( c/0le- systes that ha# sae s/rt /( 0hysical har#2are an# en# 0r/#uct. The e-a0le /( such syste are c/unicati/n net2/r+s1 s0ace cra(ts etc. "%ASES O# SSTEMS DE'ELO"MENT LI#E CCLE: The syste #evel/0ent li(e cycle is c/n#ucte# in vari/us 0hases. '/ll/2in) are the 0hases in the s/(t2are #evel/0ent li(e cycle>3 • • • • • •

!yste stu#y 'easibility stu#y Analysis Desi)n "0leentati/n Maintenance

These 0hases /( s/(t2are #evel/0ent li(e cycle have been illustrate# in an is/late# anner1 but they are never is/late# in 0ractice.

61


S.

'easibilitystu#y Maintenance

SYSTEM DE?L
"0leentati/n

LIFE YLE

Testin)

!ysteAnalysis

!yste #esi)n

'i)> syste #evel/0ent li(e cycle •

Sy/tem /tudy: What i/ the 1rob2em

Whenever y/u are )/in) t/ #evel/0 a s/luti/n (/r the 0r/ble1 it is re9uire# that y/u sh/ul# +n/2 the 0r/ble 2ell. The +n/2le#)e /( the 0r/ble (/rs the base (/r #evel/0ent /( a )//# s/luti/n. '/r e-a0le1 a 0ublisher ay nee# a syste that sh/ul# re(lect the accurate status ab/ut sale an# st/c+ /( the all b//+ 0ublishe# y hi. '/r this1 a syste analyst 2ill have t/ c/n#uct initial investi)ati/n. The /ther e-a0le ay be /( a tra#er 2h/ 2ants t/ +ee0 trac+ /( all the sa0les )iven t/ all the a)ents (/r a 0articular 0eri/#. M/st /( the )eneral 0r/bles are (/un# an# s/lve# by /r)ani8ati/n ana)eent /r usres. They 62


just state the as nee# t/ be hire# (r/ /utsi#e t/ chec+ an# su))est the s/luti/n /( a 0r/ble. "n lar)e envir/nents1 analysts 0re0are a stateent that s0eci(ies the sc/0e an# inten#e# user /( the syste. "n a##iti/n t/ the stu#y c/n#ucte# by syste analyst1 the users an# ana)eents ay als/ tri))er s/e i#eas (/r chan)e. This is #/ne by +n/2in) the c/0laints /( e-istin) users1 ana)eent an# cust/ers /( the syste. When these c/0laints are seri/usly stu#ie#1 they hi)hli)ht ne2 re9uireents. The syste analyst can #etect /r even rec/en# a chan)e in the e-istin) systes by #escribin) the bene(its /( 0r/0/se# i#ea. #EASIBILIT ST$D: 'easibility stu#y is c/n#ucte# /n the

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basis /( initial stu#y /( the syste. "t is sec/n# 0hase /( syste #evel/0ent li(e cycle. "t is basically the test /( the 0r/0/se# syste in the li)ht /( its 2/r+ability1 eetin) user4s re9uireents1 e((ective use /( res/urces an# the c/st e((ectiveness /( syste1 The ain 0ur0/se /( (easibility stu#y is n/t t/ s/lve the 0r/bles but t/ achieve the sc/0e. "n the 0r/cess /( (easibility stu#y1 the c/st an# bene(its are estiate# 2ith )reater accuracy. The .ea/ibi2ity /tudy .o+u/e/ o) three mai) Hue/tio)/: What are the user #e/nstrable nee#s an# h/2 #/es a 0r/0/se#

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syste eets the[ What res/urces are available (/r the syste un#er c/nsi#erati/n[ "s

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the 0r/ble 2/rth s/lvin)[ What ate the li+ely i0act /( the syste un#er c/nsi#erati/n /n the /r)ani8ati/ns[ */2 2ell the syste un#er c/nsi#erati/n 2ill (it 2ithin the /r)ani8ati/n4s ana)eent in(/rati/n syste 0lan. 63


The (easibility stu#y ust ans2er these 9uesti/ns care(ully. They rev/lve ar/un# evaluati/n an# investi)ati/n /( the 0r/ble. This investi)ati/n ay 0r/0/se# syste #e0en#in) u0/n the s0eci(icati/n /( 0er(/rance an# c/st /( the syste. A (/ral 0r/0/sal is 0r/#uce# as a result /( (easibility stu#y."t is 0resente# in the (/r /( a re0/rt that #escribes the nature an# sc/0e /( the 0r/0/se# s/luti/n. This 0r/0/sal in#icates 2hat the results /( investi)ati/n are an# 2hat ty0e /( chan)e is t/ be br/u)ht in the syste. The mai) +o)te)t/ o. thi/ 1ro1o/a2 are a/ .o22o3/> a< b< c< #<

Pr/ble stateent E-tract /( survey an# Rec/en#ati/ns Details /( survey /nclusi/ns an# Rec/en#ati/n

A)a2y/i/: !yste analysis is the thir# 0hase /( syste #evel/0ent li(e cycle. Whatever state# in the (easibility stu#y1 is 0resente# in this 0hase in the (/r /( 0ictures. &ari/us syste /#els ay be E3R #ia)ras1 #ata (l/2 #ia)ras etc. This 0hase #e0icts h/2 the vari/us /0erati/ns are 0er(/re# by the syste an# 2hat is the relati/nshi0 /( the 0r/0/se# syste 2ith the /utsi#e 2/rl#. This 0hase is als/ calle# as L/)ical Desi)nX an# the l/)ical #esi)n is in#e0en#ent /( techn/l/)y. This eans a l/)ical #esi)n can be i0leente# by usin) #esi)n is in#e0en#ent /( techn/l/)y.This eans a l/)ical #esi)n can be i0leente# by usin)  /r & /r &isual ,asic /r by usin) any /ther lan)ua)e /r 0lat(/r. De/i*): The analysis 0hase 0resents the l/)ical vie2 /( the syste 2hereas the #esi)n 0hasr 0resent the 0hysical #esi)n /( the syste. Desi)n /r syste #esi)n is the (/urth 0hase /( !DL12hich is 64


basically a trans(/rati/n /( syste analysis. Desi)n is the /st creative an# challen)in) 0hase /( syste #evel/0ent1 as it has t/ #escribe the (inal syste that is t/ be #esi)ne# an# i0leente#. The 0r/ble here is that there ay be nuer/us 2ays t/ create a 0hysical #esi)n3(/r a )ive l/)ical #esi)n. #o22o3i)* are /ome o. the Hue/tio)/ that u/ua22y ari/e at thi/ /ta*e/: a< */2 uch /( the syste sh/ul# be aut/ate# 2ith in(/rati/n techn/l/)y. b< !h/ul# 2r use rea#ya#e s/(t2are /r 2e sh/ul# buil# it (r/ scratch. •

Im12eme)tatio): "0leentati/n is a 2i#e ter that c/ntains 0r/cess /( Physical #esi)n an# inte)rati/nX an# /nstructi/n an# testin)X1 (/ll/2e# by actual i0leentati/n /( the 0r/0/se# s/luti/n. "n ters /( c/0le-ity1 this 0hase is less c/0le- as c/0are# t/ syste #esi)n. i. Physical #esi)n an# inte)rati/n ii. /nstructi/n an# testin)>

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Mai)te)a)+e: When b/th in3h/use testin) is #/ne an# the s/(t2are is (ree (r/ all +n/2n err/rs1 the s/(t2are is installe# at the /r)ani8ati/n4s 0lace. The analyst 0r/vi#es a s//th transiti/n (r/ the /l# syste t/ a ne2 syste. This 0hase is als/ calle# as installati/n an# #elivery 0hase. A(ter the tar)et syste is installe# /n the /r)ani8ati/n4s envir/nent the syste analyst trains the syste users #ata int/ a (/rat that is un#erstan#able by the ne2ly installe# syste. A(ter the success(ul installati/n an# trainin) /( the users1 the aintenance 0hase /( syste #evel/0ent li(e cycle starts. Whenever

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a syste is installe#1 it nee#s an /n)/in) su00/rts (/r its use(ulness an# success. Sy/tem /u11ort or mai)te)a)+e +o4er/ the .o22o3i)* a+ti4itie/: a@ A//i/ti)* $/er/ b@ #i0i)* So.t3are De.e+t/ +@ Re+o4eri)* The Sy/tem d@ Ada1tatio) o. Ne3 ReHuireme)t/

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#i*: "ro+e//e/ a)d "rodu+t/ i) SDLC

AD'ANTAGES O# T%E SSTEM: Y E0te)/ibi2ity> This s/(t2are is e-ten#able in 2ays that its /ri)inal #evel/0ers ay n/t e-0ect. The (/ll/2in) 0rinci0le enhances e-tensibility li+e hi#e #ata structure1 av/i# traversin) ulti0le lin+s /r eth/#s1 av/i# case stateents /n /bject ty0e an# #istin)uish 0ublic an# 0rivate /0erati/ns. 66


Y Reu/abi2ity> Reusability is 0/ssible as an# 2hen re9uire in this a00licati/n. We can u0#ate it ne-t versi/n. Reusable s/(t2are re#uces #esi)n1 c/#in) an# testin) c/st by a/rti8in) e((/rt /ver several #esi)ns. Re#ucin) the a/unt /( c/#e als/ si0li(ies un#erstan#in)1 2hich increases the li+elih//# that the c/#e is c/rrect. We (/ll/2 u0 b/th ty0es /( reusability> !harin) /( ne2ly 2ritten c/#e 2ithin a 0r/ject an# reuse /( 0revi/usly 2ritten c/#e /n ne2 0r/jects  $)der/ta)dabi2ity> A eth/# is un#erstan#able i( s/e/ne /ther than the creat/r /( the eth/# can un#erstan# the c/#e ;as 2ell as the creat/r a(ter a tie la0se<. We use the eth/#1 2hich sall an# c/herent hel0s t/ acc/0lish this.  Co/t6e..e+ti4e)e//> "ts c/st is un#er the bu#)et an# a+e 2ithin )iven tie 0eri/#. "t is #esirable t/ ai (/r a syste 2ith a iniu c/st subject t/ the c/n#iti/n that it ust satis(y the entire re9uireent. !c/0e /( this #/cuent is t/ 0ut #/2n the re9uireents1 clearly i#enti(yin) the in(/rati/n nee#e# by the user1 the s/urce /( the in(/rati/n an# /ut0uts e-0ecte# (r/ the syste

#$T$RE SCO"E #$T$RE SCO"E O# A""LICATION : This a00licati/n can be easily i0leente# un#er vari/us situati/ns. We can a## ne2 (eatures as an# 2hen 2e re9uire. Reusability is 0/ssible 67


as an# 2hen re9uire in this a00licati/n. There is (le-ibility in all the /#ules. . This s/(t2are is e-ten#able in 2ays that its /ri)inal #evel/0ers ay n/t e-0ect. The (/ll/2in) 0rinci0le enhances e-tensibility li+e hi#e #ata structure1 av/i# traversin) ulti0le lin+s /r eth/#s1 av/i# case stateents /n /bject ty0e an# #istin)uish 0ublic an# 0rivate /0erati/ns. > Reusability is 0/ssible as an# 2hen re9uire in this a00licati/n. We can u0#ate it ne-t versi/n. Reusable s/(t2are re#uces #esi)n1 c/#in) an# testin) c/st by a/rti8in) e((/rt /ver several #esi)ns. Re#ucin) the a/unt /( c/#e als/ si0li(ies un#erstan#in)1 2hich increases the li+elih//# that the c/#e is c/rrect. We (/ll/2 u0 b/th ty0es /( reusability> !harin) /( ne2ly 2ritten c/#e 2ithin a 0r/ject an# reuse /( 0revi/usly 2ritten c/#e /n ne2 0r/jects A eth/# is un#erstan#able i( s/e/ne /ther than the creat/r /( the eth/# can un#erstan# the c/#e ;as 2ell as the creat/r a(ter a tie la0se<. We use the eth/#1 2hich sall an# c/herent hel0s t/ acc/0lish this. "ts c/st is un#er the bu#)et an# a+e 2ithin )iven tie 0eri/#. "t is #esirable t/ ai (/r a syste 2ith a iniu c/st subject t/ the c/n#iti/n that it ust satis(y the entire re9uireent. !c/0e /( this #/cuent is t/ 0ut #/2n the re9uireents1 clearly i#enti(yin) the in(/rati/n nee#e# by the user1 the s/urce /( the in(/rati/n an# /ut0uts e-0ecte# (r/ the syste

CONCL$SION

A(ter 2e have c/0lete# the 0r/ject 2e are sure the 0r/bles in the e-istin) syste 2/ul# /verc/e. The “LIBRAR MANAGEMENT 68


SSTEM! 0r/cess a#e c/0uteri8e# t/ re#uce huan err/rs an# t/ increase the e((iciency. The ain (/cus /( this 0r/ject is t/ lessen huan e((/rts. The aintenance /( the rec/r#s is a#e e((icient1 as all the rec/r#s are st/re# in the AE!! #atabase1 thr/u)h 2hich #ata can be retrieve# easily.

The navi)ati/n c/ntr/l is 0r/vi#e# in all the (/rs t/ navi)ate thr/u)h the lar)e a/unt /( rec/r#s. "( the nubers /( rec/r#s are very lar)e then user has t/ just ty0e in the search strin) an# user )ets the results ie#iately. The e#itin) is als/ a#e si0ler. The user has t/ just ty0e in the re9uire# (iel# an# 0ress the u0#ate butt/n t/ u0#ate the #esire# (iel#. The ,//+s an# !tu#ents are )iven a 0articular uni9ue i# n/. !/ that they can be accesse# c/rrectly an# 2ith/ut err/rs. Our ain ai /( the 0r/ject is t/ )et the c/rrect in(/rati/n ab/ut a 0articular stu#ent an# b//+s available in the library. The 0r/bles1 2hich e-iste# in the earlier syste1 have been re/ve# t/ a lar)e e-tent. An# it is e-0ecte# that this 0r/ject 2ill )/ a l/n) 2ay in satis(yin) user4s re9uireents. The c/0uteri8ati/n /( the Library Mana)eent 2ill n/t /nly i0r/ves the e((iciency but 2ill als/ re#uce huan stress thereby in#irectly i0r/vin) huan rec/urses.

BIBLIOGRA"%

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