HK01- CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAMME FACULTY OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH SESSION 2017/2018
COURSE KA40302 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
TITLE GROUP ASSIGNMENT CONSTRUCTION OF A BRIDGE BATANG SADONG BRIDGE (CONTRACT NO.: PWD/HO/B040/2012)
Table of Contents
No.
Titles
Page No.
1.
INTRODUCTION
1-3
2.
PROJECT COST AND DURATION
3-4
3.
TYPE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONCEPT
4-6
4.
WORK PROCEDURES
6-9
5.
PROBLEMS OCCURRED DURING CONSTRUCTION
10
6.
SOLUTIONS PROPOSED FOR THE PROBLEMS
7.
CONCLUSION
13
8.
REFERENCES
14-15
9.
APPENDICES
-
11-13
1.0 INTRODUCTION Batang Sadong Bridge, which was named after the late former Chief Minister of Sarawak, Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Adenan Satem, has begun its operation since 16 October 2016. Stretched about 1.48km long across the Batang Sadong, this newly constructed bridge had bringing up socioeconomic status among the rural citizens of Kampung Buloh and Kampung Sebangan, which the source of income is mainly from agricultural and fishing industry. The development of Batang Sadong Bridge also symbolized the era of ferry transportation service for decades officially terminated. Batang Sadong Bridge also make a great leap forward in the projects of construction of Sarawak coastal highway. The time travelled i s also shorten to about 30minutes to 1 hour from Sibu City to Kuching City. 1.1 Location
Total width including road shoulders, pedestrian walkway – 11.5m Number of Spans
10
balance
cantilever
pre-stressed
concrete single cell box girder spans Piers
9 Piers supported by 1.5m Dia. Steel Casing Pipe Piles.
Abutments
Total 2 abutments is construction and supported by 600m spun piles. Spun piles are hollow, precast and prestressed concrete piles, in size generally ranging from 300 to 1200 mm outside diameter, that
are
fabricated
by
prestressing
methods (Irawan et al., 2015). The materials of spun piles consists of high strength concrete 50 to 75 MPa and prestress steel. Advantages of using
At Sg. Buloh side, along Jalan Sadong/ Sg. Buloh: 325 m (2-lane single carriageway)
•
At Sebangan side, along Jalan Sg. Buloh/Sebangan/Sebuyau: 500 m (2-lane single carriageway)
2.0
•
Total length (include approach road): 1,085 m or 1.1km.
•
Road width: 11 m PROJECT COST AND DURATION Batang Sadong Bridge, the 1.48km long bridge is a construction project that
costs RM 211,385,628.60. The client of the project is Government of Malaysia, Kementerian Kerja Raya Malaysia. The superintendent officer (SO) and consulting engineer are Regional Manager, Southern Regional Office, Jabatan Kerja Raya Sarawak and Perunding JHL respectively. The project completion period of this project is 48 months (4 years). The construction was commenced on 5 th July 2012 and completed on 4th July 2016. However, the project could not completed on 4 th July 2016 as expected. So, an extension of time (EoT) of 108 days are given for the construction to be completed. Thus, the revised completion date was 20 th October
Figure 1.2: Aerial photograph of Batang Sadong Bridge
then presented to general contractors who bid for the work and engage subcontractors to provide various aspects of the project. The lowest bid is considered first and selected to build the facility according to the design. In this type of management concept, consultants and contractor are at the same level, which is under the client. With this project system, the owner retain more control over the project with the individual selection of designer and contractor. Thus, owner will make decisions if any dispute between consultants and contractor. In the project of Batang Sadong Bridge, the owner is the Kementerian Kerja Raya Malaysia. Kementerian Kerja Raya Malaysia engages Jabatan Kerja Raya Sarawak as superintendent officer to design the bridge and road drawings as well as preparing of bid documents. The design fee is either a percentage of the estimated construction cost or a lump-sum amount. Jabatan Kerja Raya Sarawak is then hired the Perunding JHL in Kuching, Malaysia as consulting engineering to design the construction drawings and technical specifications. With complete set of bid document, the owner is then conducted a competitive bid opening in order to obtain the lowest bid price from contractors to construct the designed bridge an road. Pekerjaan Piasau
3.2 Advantages of Design/ Bid/ Build Design/ bid/ build project delivery system has been the most widely used, most well understood because of clearly defined roles for the parties involved. There is no risk of cost overruns such as nonperforming subs, labor inefficiencies and other vagaries of the larger economics picture for owner is one of the most important advantages of design/ bid/ build method. This is due to the owner able to know the final cost at the beginning of the construction, hence the risk of cost overruns are borne by contractor only. Additionally, this method benefit owner in economy due to its open market competition. Through open bidding process, the owner able to get t he lowest bid price to obtain greatest economic efficiency. Furthermore, the owner also does not have to be heavily involved in the construction process in this method except in decision making. 3.3 Disadvantages of Design/ Bid/ Build Nevertheless, there are some disadvantages of design/ bid/ build for the owner. Time consumption is considered as one of the disadvantages of this method. This is due to
excavation and foundation works, are to be carried out before the construction of superstructure. Before the construction, several site management plans were drafted through pass experience and existing standards by government authorities. These plans include occupation safety & health & management plan, environment management plan, work construction risk management plan. Besides that, due to the location of the construction, land & riverine management plan is also required to be approved to manage the transportation on the riverbank. These management plans were aimed to set up a guideline to be followed by workers and visitors on site as well as the pr oject management team to carry out the construction in a safe and efficient manners. Through meetings with local authority, approval of these plans were obt ained and the plans were placed in command. For design wise, Perunding JHL as appointed consultant first carry out design of the bridge as per request by JKR Sarawak branch. Site studies were carried out several times by the consultant to study the condition on site. Specialized underwater
transferred of machineries and materials to the site was planned and carried out before construction. The process was carried out under the supervision of safety officer to ensure the safety in terms of the travel route and material unloading. One of the important machineries needed in the early stage of construction is the piling rig equipped with 25 ton hydraulic hammer to drive steel casing pipe pile deep into the riverbed. To carry out the piling offshore, the piling rig was mounted on a barge and moved into position. The barge is fixed at the desired location using steel cable and anchor installed in the riverbed. Lastly, temporary works were carried out at the site simultaneously with other initial works mentioned earlier. These involved the construction of site office, toilet and workers accommodation. Besides that, a twin concrete batching plant was constructed on the land as the project was expected to use large amount of special mix concrete in the construction of substructure and superstructure. Besides, the harsh and unpredictable condition in the river such as vigorous tidal waves poses serious challenge to the concrete casting. Only in some occasion where the condition of the river is calm and the level water is below the maximum level permit the casting of pile
Instalment of rebar cage and concreting of piles (By Tremie Method) Equipment: Tremie pipes, barge crane, hoppers. Estimated progress: 2 pile points per day
Construction of Pile Caps The construction of piles caps involved placement and stitching of precast soffit panels, placement of rebars, concreting of pile caps. The final layer of concrete is laid once the precast skirting panel is placed.
Construction of Piers Pre-fabricated rebar for lower column was arranged and concrete was laid. Rebar for upper column was installed after that. Then, diaphragm slabs and steel brackets was constructed.
Construction of Hammer Head
5.0
PROBLEMS OCCURRED DURING CONSTRUCTION
5.1
Site condition and weathering
Since all 9 bridge piers were constructed in the river, the construction works would be affected by tidal influence. Tidal effects can alter significantly the way in which a river behaves and hence affect construction works. The most obvious tidal effect is upon the river flow. As the tidal cycle progresses the river level will change and f low velocity will vary. The tidal effect becomes worst when existence of poor weathering. Weather could bring devastating effects to construction process. Bad weathering cannot be prevented but can be predicted. Hazards can be presented by weathering such as continues thunderstorm and extreme strong winds. Thunderstorm can make the ground slippery and make people trip and fall. Extreme wind can make vertical members collapse if they are not braced or supported. 5.2
Difficulty in pouring concrete into pile
The pile position located at middle of the river causes difficulty in transferring and pouring concrete into the pile. The distance between the pile position and the land are the main obstacle and challenge which slow down the whole construction process.
6.0
SOLUTIONS PROPOSED FOR THE PROBLEMS
6.1
Solutions for site condition and weathering
The tidal effect cannot be avoided however there is a proposed mitigation: The tidal effect can be reduced by using water coffer. Enclosed water coffers are commonly used for construction and repair of oil platforms, bridge piers and other support structures built within or over water. These coffers are usually welded steel structures. The coffers are improved precast soffit panel wall and precast skirting panel design. In order to make sure the progress in on-pace, work has to be rushed to coincide with during which the weather is most likely to be favorable and to avoid scheduling major projects during times when it is most likely to be unfavorable. By analyzing historical weather data for the worksite location and consider how weather phenomena for the area would affect construction progress to plan ahead can minimize the weathering problem. In this modern world, weather forecasting is useful in planning the amount of work needed to be done by next day.
Figure 5.2: Placing spliced up Tremie pipe into pipe pile for Tremie concrete pouring 6.3 Solutions for Pile Cleaning The pile cleaning can be done by using Air-Lift Method. The mud inside the river pile can be cleaned as is opened toe pipe pile. Air-Life pipe is inserted into steel pipe pile to flush out the mud or earth. There is an air hose with compressor air channeled to
work or at rest, in transit, or during overhauling, erection or dismantling occurring during the period of insurance will be insured.
7.0 CONCLUSION In conclusion, although there was a lot of problems faced during the Batang Sadong Bridge Construction Project, they had been solved properly with the full cooperation among the client, contractors, consultant, sub-contractors as well as other partied involved. The main contributing factors to the success of this project are competence & financial capability of the contractor (in time/early delivery of materials and machineries), commitment in solving site issues and ccommitment, well manage, good coordination and communication of project team. This project was also awarded “Anugerah 4 Bintang” from CIDB Malaysia which symbolized that the parties involved had fully achieved all the criteria required in Assessment of Site, Health, Safety and Environment. Full commitment of all parties involved in a construction project is important to bring a successful ending of the project.
8.0 REFERENCE Gould, F.E. and Joyce, N. 2011. Construction project management . 3rd ed. Boston, MA, United States: Pearson Education.
Johnston, J. E. 1981. Site Control of Materials: Handling, Storage and Protection. London: Butterworths.
Kanmozhi, G. 2014. Material Management in Construction Industry. Technology and Innovation 4, pp.1-3.
Keng, T. C. 2014. Case Studies on the Safety Management. Sustainability Science and Management , pp. 90-108.
Laws of Malaysia. 2006. Town and Country Planning Act, 1976 (Act 172). The Commissioner of Law Revision Malaysia. Malaysia: Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Bhd.
Jan J. Hartman, P. E., Raymond J. Castelli, P. E., and Sanjeev Malhotra, P. E. 2007. ASCE.
Jabatan Kerja Raya Sarawak. 2016. Showcase Project: Construction and Completion of
Proposed
Jambatan
Division,Sarawak. Slaid.
Batang
Sadong,
Government of Malaysia.
Kpg.
Buloh,
Samarahan
Appendix 1:
Figure 1.1 Side and Elevation Views of Batang Sadong Bridge Design
16
Figure 1.2 Plan View of Batang Sadong Bridge Design
17
