CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Disaster as defined by IFRC(International Federation of Red Cross) is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts
the
functioning
of
a
community
or
society
and
causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Though often caused by nature, disasters
can
have
human
origins.
A
disaster
in
their
natural forms includes typhoons, earthquake, tsunami and volcanic eruptions whereas there is one destructive man-made disaster which is war. Fire is an example of a disaster that can be caused by both factors stated above. Fire
is
combustion
or
burning,
in
which
substances
combine chemically with oxygen from the air and typically give out bright light, heat, and smoke (Oxford Dictionary). A
fire
disaster
wildfires,
can
accidental
be
providential
(human
error
(natural) or
such
as
negligence)
or
intentional such as the crime of arson. An intentional cause of fire, legally termed as arson, is the wilful malicious burning of property (as building) especially with criminal
1
or fraudulent intent (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) is a crime stated in criminal laws of most countries one of which is the Philippines. However, fires, even in accidental causes, displaces
hundreds
to
thousands
of
families
from
their
homes, costs hundreds of thousands to millions worth of damage
to
property
and
may
even
be
a
cause
of
several
deaths. In connection to the disastrous effects of fire, the Bureau of Fire Protection(BFP) under the DILG and by virtue of Republic Act 6975, otherwise known as DILG Act of 1990, is
primarily
prevention
to
and
perform
and
suppression
be of
responsible destructive
for
the
fires
on
buildings, houses or other structures, forest lands, land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships and vessels docked
at
piers
or
wharves
anchored
in
major
seaports,
petroleum industry installations, plane crashes and other similar activities. The recent statistics available at the National
Statistical
Coordination
Board(NSCB)
shows
that
there are 12,301 total fire incidents occurred in the year 2013
nationwide
which
is
39.8%
higher
than
8,798
fire
reported in 2012 and 39.4% higher than the fires recorded in 2011and 14.2% higher than the 10,773 fires posted in 2010. The
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
2
data
shows
that
1,478
incidents and 85 fire-related injuries happened in Region VI in 2013, higher than 990 incidents with 67 injuries recorded in 2012. Whereas Capiz had only 59 cases coming in third from the second highest province, Negros Occidental with 518 cases and the first which is Iloilo with 739 cases. As
shown
by
the
most
recent,
available
statistics,
ranking at the third in highest related fire incident, it can be construed that the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz has problems dealing with fire. Problems can
be
categorized
into
three
namely:
Human/Personnel,
Material/Facilities and Economic/Financial. In the Personnel side, according to the Philippine Figures of the National Statistics Office(NSO), the ratio of fireman to population as
of
2012
is
nationwide.
In
encountered
are
1:589 the
from
material
lack
of
the
16,252
side,
fire
the
trucks,
total
firemen
common
problems
fire
hydrants
available, and more will be included in this research as the study
progresses.
Financial
problems
originate
from
the
Department of Budget Management appropriation towards the Bureau of Fire Protection. Lack of financial support is a prime cause that allows the two other problems (Human and Material) to manifest.
3
Fire-fighters, before being inducted into the Bureau of Fire
Protection,
concerns
of
undergo
not
only
a
series
of
extinguishing
training
fire,
in
but
which
also
the
prevention or suppression of the same. The number of the firemen as well as their ratio to the population, as stated above, is not suffice to actually prevent fire especially in the province of Capiz in which there are only seven fire stations serving the whole province of 16 municipalities a city, two for the First Congressional District, in which has the
city
has
one
sub-station
and
five
for
the
Second
Congressional District. Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the problems encountered by
the
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
firefighters
in
the
Province of Capiz. Specifically,
it
sought
to
answer
the
following
questions: 1. What are the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province? 2. What
is
the
degree
of
seriousness
encountered
by
the
Bureau
firefighters
in
term
of 4
of
Human
on
the
Fire Resources
problems
Protection factors,
Financial
Resources
factors
and
Material
Resources
factors and as a whole in the province of Capiz? 3. Is
there
a
encountered
significant by
difference
Bureau
of
Fire
in
the
problems
Protection
in
the
province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz? 4. Is there significant relationship on the three problems encountered Resources
such
and
as
Human
Material
Resources,
Resources
and
Financial
the
degree
of
seriousness on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz? Hypotheses In this study, the researchers have advanced their null hypothesis: 1. There
is
no
encountered
significant by
Bureau
difference of
Fire
in
the
problems
Protection
in
the
province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz? 2. There
is
no
significant
relationship
on
the
three
problems encountered such as Human Resources, Financial Resources
and
Material
Resources
5
and
the
degree
of
seriousness on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz.
Theoretical Framework Systems theory was originally proposed by Hungarian biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy in 1928, although it has not been applied to organizations until recently (Kast and Rosenzweig, 1972; Scott, 1981). The foundation of systems theory is that all the components of an organization are interrelated, and that changing one variable might impact many
others.
Organizations
are
viewed
as
open
systems,
continually interacting with their environment. They are in a
state
of
dynamic
equilibrium
as
they
adapt
to
environmental changes. Senge understanding
(1990) how
describes our
actions
systems shape
our
thinking reality.
as: If
I
believe that my current state was created by somebody else, or by forces outside my control, why should I hold a vision? The central premise behind holding a vision is that somehow I can shape my future, Systems thinking helps us see how our own actions have shaped our current reality, thereby giving us confidence that we can create a different reality in the future. 6
Systems
theory
as
applied
to
the
study
of
this
research, is that the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection
firefighters
in
the
Province
of
Capiz.
As
identified, we identified 3 major problems that the Bureau of
Fire
Protection
encounters
namely:
Human
Resources,
Material Resources and Financial Resources. Systems theory suggests that one area of difficulty may have an impact on another area that will result to another difficulty. RESEARCH PARADIGM INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES Problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection
Location of Fire Station
firefighters in the Province of Capiz Factors Human Resources
Financial Resources Material Resources
Degree of seriousness of problems framework Figure 1. Schematic presentation of the conceptual showing differences and the relationship of variables. Conceptual Framework 7
Figure 1. Illustrates the descriptive variables covered in the study.
As shown, the study is focused on problems
encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz, and finding out if there is significant difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in terms of Location of the Fire station in the in the Province of Capiz. The independent variables are the location of Fire Station Capiz and the three
identified
Resources,
categories
Financial
of
Resources
problems and
namely:
Material
Human
Resources.
Whereas, the dependent variable are the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz.
Significance of the Study This study would be of importance to the following: Bureau of Fire Protection. As the target of this research, the
study
aims
recommendation
to
to the
identify, involved
analyse to
and
address
the
give
out
problems
encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the
province
to
improve
prevention
destructive fires.
8
and
suppression
of
Department of Interior and Local Government. As the agency
who
directly
supervises
the
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection, this research and its findings may allow the agency to solve specific problems that are addressed in this study. Local Government Unit. As the local executive unit, it is the function of the LCUs to see the welfare of its community. This research will allow Local Government Units to focus onto the Bureau of Fire Protection problems and giving solution to its existing burden. Community. As a society which needs the help in times of disaster, the community will benefit the addressing of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters
to
better
perform
their
duties
and
responsibilities Future
Researchers.
This
study
would
benefit
the
future
researchers by using it as a reference for their study of related field.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
9
This study limited to finding out the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz. The instrument will used in this study is a survey questionnaire. assigned
in
The
the
respondents
Roxas
city
will
Fire
be
all
Marshal
firefighters
and
different
municipality in the Province of Capiz. The descriptive research design will be utilize in this study. The
demographic
profile
of
the
respondents
will
be
limited to age, sex, civil status, length of service.
Definition of Terms For the better understanding of the readers/researchers the
following
definitions
are
defined
conceptually
and
operationally. Bureau of Fire Protection. Created by virtue of RA 6975
under
Department
of
Interior
Local
Government.
Primarily to perform and be responsible for the prevention and suppression of destructive fires on buildings, houses or other structures, forest lands, land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships and vessels docked at piers or wharves 10
anchored
in
major
seaports,
petroleum
industry
installations, plane crashes and other similar activities. It is the research target in which the study aims to identify the problems and give out recommendations to the concerning
agency
to
aid
in
providing
solution
to
the
problem. Encountered. To come upon a person or a difficulty such
as
a
problem.
(www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/encountered) In
this
study,
it
is
the
identification
of
the
problems being experienced of the Bureau of Fire Protection fire fighters. Fire-fighters. A person whose job is to extinguish fires. (www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/firefighters) In this study, they are the targeted respondents on what are the problems encountered. Problems. consideration,
A
question or
raised
solution.
for
inquiry,
(www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/problems) It is the focus of the study to identify the problems and give out recommendation to solve these specific problems.
11
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
12
This chapter presents a review of literature relevant to the present study. It consists of related literatures and studies in the Philippines and abroad and likewise studies whose
implications
are
to
some
extent
related
to
the
investigation at hand. Foreign Studies According
to
Kirtley
et.
al,
(2007),
on
a
study
titled: Mitigation of the Rural Fire Problem: Strategies Based on Original Research and Adaptation of Existing Best Practices. The following are recommendations for further research and for implementation of programs
for
USFA,
organizations
NFPA,
interested
and in
other
national
mitigating
the
and
local
rural
fire
problem . (1) We recommend the development and implementation of a model
multihazard
survey
for
homes
that
could
be
incorporated as a voluntary outreach program and used to identify
homes
that
need
changes
in
their
equipment.
Equipment checked could include both portable and stationary space heaters, electrical wiring and related parts of the electrical distribution system, and smoke alarms .The survey also
could
check
related
conditions,
such
as
locked,
blocked, or inoperable doors and windows that are part of primary
or
alternate
escape 13
routes.
For
greatest
effectiveness and least burden on the households, the survey would
be
conducted
by
trained
professionals,
though
not
necessarily certified fire inspectors or electricians, with the consent of the households .Despite the term “survey,” this
is
not
envisioned
as
a
hand-off
instrument
for
households to use to review their own equipment. After the survey the residents of the household would be given a list of prioritized safety hazards that should be corrected .In an ideal program there would be community block grants or other funding that would help the property owner to follow through on some of the improvements suggested by the survey; (2)
We
recommend
partnering
with
national
and
regional
organizations and agencies such as the U .S .Environment Protection Agency (EPA), the Southwest Indian Foundation; the U .S .Department of Agriculture (DOA); the Hearth, Patio and
Barbecue
Association;
and
the
HEARTH
Education
Foundation to develop programs that would replace problem space heaters; (3) We recommend the development of a program for improvement of rural electrical system safety that will set
priorities
in
terms
of
the
range
of
hazards
and
conditions that may be identified in a survey and will identify
affordable
modifications
suitable
existing
homes;
We
the
(4)
recommend
for
use
development
of
in a
national strategy to install working smoke alarms in every 14
rural home; (5) We recommend the development of a DVD/video that
would
communicate
communities
and
the
would
importance
portray
of
the
reaching
variety
rural
of
rural
communities in the United States by region and group type; and (6) We recommend increased research on effective ways to meet the needs of the rural fire service.
Local Studies According to Bacareza, (2012), on a study titled: Capability of The Bureau of Fire Protectionnational Capital Region in Responding to Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Explosives and Hazardous Materials in Metro Manila: an Assessment. The findings of the study are as follows: The study arrived at the following findings: On the status of the BFP with regard to created
by
following
virtue
its
of
functions:
expanded
RA
6975
Responsible
role, the
primarily for
the
to
and of
of
the
Phil.
if necessary emergency,
assist
the
AFP
(PD
file upon
in
2008,
the
case the
BFP’s
the
in
court;
national Fire
role
Code
was 15
of
Investigate
direction
meeting
passage of RA 9514 or of
1185);
perform
the
its
and
of
and Fire
causes
In
times
the President
emergency. of
was
prevention
suppression of destructive fires; Enforcement Code
BFP
the
extended
With
the
Philippines to
include:
enforcement Safety
of
the
Fire
Code,
Inspection
and
Ensuring
Measures for Manufacture, Storage, Handling& Use of
Hazardous handling
Materials. HAZMATs
mandate,
and
policies,
(personnel, capabilities,
On
the
CBRNE and
level
of
incidents
its in
identified
policies
and
logistics,
funding,
capability terms
in
of
its
implementing
unit
systems,
human
coordinative
resource mechanism,
public information management, and drills/exercises), it can be concluded that the respondents’ highest assessment with 90% approval score was in terms of awareness to RA 9514 or the
New
Fire
Code
of
to
responding
HAZMATs
the
highest
assessment
capability hazardous
of
the
the
and CBRNE. with
BFP-NCR
materials
is
Philippines
in
On
regard
in
the
application other
hand,
measuring
the
responding
to
CBRNE
and
on policy on response specifically
at Office/Fire Station level with a total approval rating of 89% while the lowest assessment provided by the respondents is
in
terms
of
improving
human
resource
capabilities
relative to the personnel’s participation in Operation Level CBRNE training.
Hence, it can
BFP-NCR
enhance
should
be
construed
that
the
its human resource capabilities
taking into consideration the expanded role of the BFP in responding to HAZMATs and CBRNE incidents. This was further supported by the fact that the respondents were one in 16
saying that the conduct of regular drills and exercises as part
of
the
key
CBRNE
priority
assessment responding
Station
in to
for
terms CBRNE
of with
Preparedness the
Plan
should
be
BFPNCR. While their lowest
the
BFP-NCR’s
regard
to
the
capability BFP
in
Operational
Manual on CBRNE means that there is no Operational Manual in place. [http://hems.doh.gov.ph/uploads/publication_attachments/fff5 dea508162f3cbd8b53b3d9b66e47bf765502.pdf]
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the method of research used, the respondents,
the
instruments
17
including
its
validity
and
reliability,
the
manner
of
fielding,
gathering
and
processing procedures, the statistical tools used for the analysis and interpretation of data. Place of the Study and Respondents of the Study This academic
study
will
conduct
year
2015-2016
in
on
the
the
second Province
semester of
of
Capiz
specifically in the Fire Stations of: Roxas City, President Roxas, Dao, Dumarao, Cuartero, Mambusao, Dumalag, Ivisan, Jamindan, Sigma and Tapaz. Table 1. Distribution of the respondents in relationship to their respective Fire Stations. Fire Station Roxas City Dao Tapaz Sigma Ivisan Mambusao Jamindan Dumarao Dumalag President Roxas Total
Frequency 31 9 10 8 13 25 11 9 11 11 139
Percentage 22.43% 6.57% 7.19% 5.90% 9.34% 17.99% 7.99% 6.59% 7.99% 7.99% 100%
This study had utilized one hundred thirty-nine (139) Fire personnel in the Province of Capiz. Roxas
City
has
the
greatest
number
respondents
of
thirty-one (31), Mambusao with twenty-five (25) respondents, 18
Ivisan with thirteen (13) respondents, Jamindan, President Roxas and Dumalag with eleven (11) respondents each, Tapaz with ten (10) respondents, Dao and Dumarao with nine (9) respondents
each,
and
Sigma
with
the
least
number
of
respondents of eight (8). Table 2.
Socio-demographic profile of the respondents when
classified according to sex, age, civil status and length of service. Independent Variables
Frequency
Percent (%)
Male
110
79.14
Female
29
20.86
Total
139
100%
0
0
21 years old to 40 years old
85
61.15
41 years old and above
54
38.85
Total
139
100%
Single
48
34.53
Married
90
64.75
1
0.72
139
100%
SEX
AGE 21 years old and below
CIVIL STATUS
Widow/er Total LENGTH OF SERVICE 19
8 years and below
89
64.03
9 years to 15 years
33
23.74
16 years and above
17
12.23
Total
139
100%
Profile of the Respondents Table
1
shows
the
socio-demographic
profile
of
the
respondents. The data in table 1 revealed that of the 139 respondents, 110 or 79.14% were males and the remaining twenty-nine (29) or 20.86 % were females.
In terms of age, none of the respondents was twenty-one (21) years old and below. Eighty-five (85) or 61.15% of the respondents were twenty-two to forty (22 - 40) years old and the remaining fifty-four (54) or 38.85% of the respondents were forty-one (41) years old and above. In terms of civil status, forty-eight (48) or 34.53% of the respondents were single. Ninety (90) or 64.75% of the respondents were married and the remaining one (1) or 0.72% of the respondents were widowed or widower. Finally,
when
the
length
of
service
was
put
into
consideration, eighty-nine (89) or 64.03% of the respondents had eight (8) years and below of service, thirty-three (33) 20
or 23.74% of the respondents had nine to fifteen (9 - 15) years of service and the remaining seventeen (17) or 12.23% of the respondents had sixteen (16) years and above of service. Purpose of the Study This study will be conducted to determine of what are the
problems
encountered
by
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
firefighters in the Province of Capiz during the Calendar Year 2015-2016. Furthermore, this study also determine if the three major factors such as Human Resources, Financial Resources and Material Resources has a significant relation in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz. Research Design This study will use the descriptive type of research which endeavors to describe systematically and objectively a situation, problem or phenomenon. Research Instrument The instrument used in gathering data will be a survey questionnaire this will be composed of three parts. Part I dealt on the socio-demographic profile of the respondents such
as
age,
sex,
civil
status,
21
length
of
service
and
educational attainment. Part II it deals on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the
Province
of
Capiz.
Part
III
dealt
on
degree
of
seriousness on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire
Protection
firefighters
in
term
of
Human
Resources
factors, Financial Resources factors and Material Resources factors and as a whole in the province of Capiz? Data Analysis Procedure Scoring Items In order to interpret and analyze the data on the problems
encountered
by
the
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
firefighters in the province of Capiz and the degree of seriousness of the same problems, each item was scored and tabulated using the following scoring guide as basis: Score
Scoring Interval
Response Categories/ Verbal Interpretation
5
4.20-5.0
Always/Very Serious
4
3.40-4.19
Frequent/Serious
3
2.60-3.39
Often/Fairly Serious
2
1.80-2.59
Seldom/Not Serious
1
1.0-1.79
Never/Not Very Serious
Statistical Tools
22
The data gathered in this study will be organized and tabulated for statistical treatment in order to answer the specific problems of the study. The frequency count, mean and percentage, ANOVA and Chi Square Test will be used to arrive the specific result. Frequency Counts and Percentage. These were used to determine number of observations. Frequency Count = n/N = x 100% Where: n = sample size N = total population Mean. This was used to determine the average of each responses. The formula used for the mean will be adapted from Downie and Heath, 1984 Σx X = N Where:
X
= Mean
Σx = sum of scores N
= number of cases
23
ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). This test was set at 0.05 alpha
level,
was
used
to
determine
if
there
was
a
significant difference among several variables considered in the study. Mean square between F
= Mean square within
Chi Square Test of Independence. This test was used to determine the significant relationship between the three categorical
variables
namely:
Human
Resources,
Resources and Financial Resources. Formula: x 2=Σ
Where:
( O−E )2 E
x
=
the p value of the variables
Σ
=
the sum of
O
=
observed frequency
E
=
expected frequency
24
Material
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA The
gathered
presents
the
findings,
analyses,
and
interpretation of the gathered data from the respondents of the study to find out the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz of this year 2015 – 2016.
Table 3. Mean and Verbal Interpretation of problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz. 25
Statements HUMAN RESOURCES 1. Delay in fire
Mean response
due
Verbal Interpretation
to
congested traffic route. 2.58 2. Deficiency in personnel training
Not Serious
and management. 3. Slow fire
2.53
Not Serious
physically unfit fire personnel. 2.37 4. Lacking needed manpower for
Not Serious
personnel 5. Poor planning
2.66
Fairly Serious
2.57 2.68 2.53
Not Serious Fairly Serious Not Serious
2.83
Fairly Serious
3.14
Fairly Serious
2.91 2.68
Fairly Serious Fairly Serious
responding several fire incidents. 2.66 2. Old or dilapidated fire trucks. 2.71 3. Lack of fire hydrants present
Fairly Serious Fairly Serious
near or on fire incident. 4. Old or rusted fire hose. 5. Lack of fireproof uniforms.
Not Serious Not Serious Not Serious
response
with
due
to
regards
responding to fire incidents. 6. Inexperienced firefighters. 7. Lack of fire investigators. 8. Firefighters do not undergo
to
an
upgrading program such as responding to HAZMAT or CBRNE incidents. 9. Firefighters are unable communicate
properly
communication. 10. Fire personnel
through do
not
to
radio have
extensive knowledge to treat fires according to specific chemicals used in firefighting. AVERAGE MEAN MATERIAL RESOURCES 1. Poorly maintain
fire
trucks
26
in
2.58 2.30 2.49
6.
Not
separated
gender-concerned
facilities (e.g. sleeping quarters, bathrooms, etc.) 7. Inadequate
2.37
Not Serious
2.52
Not Serious
2.64 2.70
Fairly Serious Fairly Serious
3.05 2.60
Fairly Serious Fairly Serious
3.15 3.00
Fairly Serious Fairly Serious
purchasing up-to-date equipment. 2.94 4. Funds are not properly allocated
Fairly Serious
equipment. 8. Lack of
communication
investigative
fire investigation. 9. Outdated equipment. 10. The current Bureau
gear
of
for
Fire
Protection does not utilize advanced firefighting
technology
such
as
specific chemicals to specific type of fire (e.g. Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFFs) to Class B Fire, FM200 to Class C Fire) AVERAGE MEAN FINANCIAL RESOURCES 1. Lack of incentives
in
regards
with hazard pay. 2. Lesser salary grade. 3. Insufficient budget
for
according to the needs of the fire station. 5. Bureau
3.06
Fairly Serious
Fire Prevention Program. 3.22 6. Bureau of Fire Protection do not 3.01
Fairly Serious Fairly Serious
of
Fire
Protection
does
not have enough resources to conduct
have any means to collect auxilliary 27
funds
to
increase
self-allocation
other than mentioned in Sections 13 and 14 of PD 1185. 7. The Bureau of Fire Protection of the
Province
of
Capiz
has
high
obligation in its allocation leading to lower annual allocation. 8. The Bureau do not
3.28
Fairly Serious
have
substantial
their
fees
two-percentum
(2%)
3.63
Serious
of Capiz. 3.54 10. The Bureau of Fire Protection do
Serious
gains
collection
of
in
from premiums, gross sales of fire equipment or service fees (Section 13 and 14 of PD 1185) 9. The Fire Inspection
Fee
equivalent to ten-percent (10%) of all fees charged is not enough to add to the allocation of the Bureau of Fire Protection in the Province
not have a standard disbursement to personnel
training
management
leading
and to
facility a
under
trained firemen and old or lacking facilities. AVERAGE MEAN GRAND MEAN
3.65 3.25 2.84 28
Serious Fairly Serious Fairly Serious
Problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz Table 3 has shown the mean and verbal interpretation of problems
encountered
by
the
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
firefighters in the Province of Capiz. Statements with the greatest mean among the three categorized variables such as Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are
stated
as
follows:
firefighters
are
unable
to
communicate properly through radio communication with a mean of 3.14, The current Bureau of Fire Protection does not utilize advanced firefighting technology such as specific chemicals
to
specific
type
of
fire
(e.g.
Aqueous
Film
Forming Foams (AFFFs) to Class B Fire, FM-200 to Class C Fire) with a mean of 3.05 and The Bureau of Fire Protection do not have a standard disbursement to personnel training and facility management leading to a under trained firemen and
old
or
lacking
facilities
with
a
mean
of
3.65.
Statements with the least mean among the three categorized variables such as Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are respectively stated as follows: slow fire response due to physically unfit fire personnel with a mean of 2.37, old or rusted fire hose with a mean of 2.30
29
and insufficient budget for purchasing up-to-date equipment with a mean of 2.94.
Table 4. ANOVA result on the difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station. Source of Variation Between Groups Within Groups Total
Sum of Squares 2.31 2.32 4.63
Mean Square 0.257 0.232
Df 9 10 19
F value 1.107
Tabular F - Value = 3.02 df = 9 - 10 Level of Significance = 0.05 Difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station The location of fire station of the respondents did not yield a significant difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection. The result was reflected in table 4. The respondents were classified according to their location
of
fire
station.
There
is
no
significant
difference found based on the Computed F Value (1.107) which is greater than the alpha level 0.05. This indicated that, the
respondents,
regardless
of
their
location
of
fire
station, has the same perception on the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters. Thus the
30
Prob. n.s.
hypothesis
which
stated
that
there
is
no
significant
difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz was accepted. Table 5. Chi square test result on relationship of the three factors: Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz
Problems Encountered On Human Material Financial Resources Resources Resources DEGREE OF SERIOUSNESS Not Very Serious Not Serious Fairly Serious Serious Very Serious Total
31 39 29 25 15 139
27 43 38 20 11 139
2 29 55 38 15 139
χ2 = 81.777 df = 8 α = 0.05 critical value of χ2 = 15. 507 Relationship of the three factors: Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz The Chi-square test of independence in table 5 revealed that
there
between
the
is
a
significant
relationship
that
existed
three
categorical
variables
the
problems
31
in
encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz. The table reveals that the three categorical
variables
namely:
Human
Resources,
Material
Resources and Financial Resources yield a result of χ2 = 81.777 significantly greater than the critical value of χ 2 = 15. 507 at eight (8) df and significance level of 0.05. Any value larger than the critical value of χ2 leads to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Thus, the hypothesis which stated that there is no significant relationship on the three factors such as Human Resources, Financial Resources and Material Resources in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz was rejected.
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS This chapter presented the summary of the study, its findings, conclusions, recommendations, and implications. Summary
32
This study was conducted to determine the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters. The results were expected to provide implications to alleviate the problems encountered by
the
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
firefighters
in
the
province of Capiz. Specifically,
it
sought
to
determine
the
degree
of
seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire
Protection
firefighters:
(1)
What
are
the
problems
encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province?; (2) What is the degree of seriousness on the problems
encountered
by
the
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
firefighters in term of Human Resources factors, Financial Resources factors and Material Resources factors and as a whole in the province of Capiz?; (3) Is there a significant difference in the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire
station
in
the
Province
of
Capiz?;
(4)
Is
there
significant relationship on the three factors such as Human Resources, Financial Resources and Material Resources in the problems
encountered
by
the
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
firefighters in Province of Capiz. The null hypotheses of this study were the following: 33
There
is
no
significant
difference
in
the
problems
encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz. There is no significant relationship on the three problems encountered such as Human Resources, Financial Resources and Material Resources and the degree of seriousness on the problems
encountered
by
the
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
firefighters in Province of Capiz. The data needed for the study were gathered with the use of the researcher-made instrument. The data-gathering instrument was composed of two parts. Part I, it gathered the respondent’s socio-demographic profile which includes sex, age, civil status, and length of service. Part II, these are the items that described the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz. Participants were asked to check the appropriate column that corresponded to their choice that best interpreted their perception. Findings Statistics
revealed
that
out
of
139
respondents,
majority 110 or 79.14% were males and the remaining twenty-
34
nine (29) or 20.86 % were females. If the respondents were classified according to age, none of the respondents was twenty-one (21) years old and below. Eighty-five (85) or 61.15% of the respondents were twenty-two to forty (22 - 40) years old and the remaining fifty-four (54) or 38.85% of the respondents were forty-one (41) years old and above. In terms of civil status, forty-eight (48) or 34.53% of the respondents
were
single.
Ninety
(90)
or
64.75%
of
the
respondents were married and the remaining one (1) or 0.72% of the respondents were either widowed or widower. In terms of length of service, eighty-nine (89) or 64.03% of the respondents
had
eight
(8)
years
and
below
of
service,
thirty-three (33) or 23.74% of the respondents had nine to fifteen
(9
-
15)
years
of
service
and
the
remaining
seventeen (17) or 12.23% of the respondents had sixteen (16) years and above of service. The degree of seriousness of the problems
encountered
by
the
Bureau
of
Fire
Protection
firefighters, as revealed by the overall mean of 2.84 is “Fairly
Serious”.
The
result
implied
that
all
problems
encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the
province
of
Capiz
has
somehow
performance of their duties.
35
significant
in
the
Results difference
revealed
existed
in
that the
there
degree
was
of
no
significant
seriousness
of
the
problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz when the location of fire station is taken into consideration, Tabular F value, F0.05
(9 – 40)
= 3.02 was
greater than the Computed F Value (1.107). This indicated that, the respondents, regardless of their location of fire station,
has
the
same
perception
on
the
degree
of
seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire
Protection
stated
that
firefighters.
there
is
no
Thus
the
significant
hypothesis
difference
which
in
the
problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz in terms of location of fire station in the Province of Capiz was accepted. Lastly, data revealed that there is a significant relationship determine
across
the
the
degree
3
categorical
of
seriousness
variables of
used
the
to
problems
encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of
Capiz,
critical
χ2
=
value
significance
81.777 of
level
χ2 of
significantly
=
15.
0.05.
507 This
at
greater eight
indicates
than
(8) that
the
df
and
Human
Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are significantly related to one another. Thus, the hypothesis
36
which states that there is no significant relationship on the
three
factors
such
as
Human
Resources,
Financial
Resources and Material Resources in the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in Province of Capiz was rejected. Conclusions Considering researchers problems
the
concluded
encountered
findings that
by
the
the
of
the
most
Bureau
study,
common of
the
encountered
Fire
Protection
firefighters in the Province of Capiz are the statements with
the
greatest
mean
across
the
3
categories,
Human
Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are stated as follows respectively: firefighters are unable to communicate properly through radio communication with a mean of 3.14, The current Bureau of Fire Protection does not utilize advanced firefighting technology such as specific chemicals
to
specific
type
of
fire
(e.g.
Aqueous
Film
Forming Foams (AFFFs) to Class B Fire, FM-200 to Class C Fire) with a mean of 3.05 and The Bureau of Fire Protection do not have a standard disbursement to personnel training and facility management leading to a under trained firemen and old or lacking facilities with a mean of 3.65.
37
Findings revealed that the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz in the category of Human Resources was “Fairly Serious” with an average mean of 2.68, whereas in the category of Material Resources was “Fairly Serious” with an average mean of 2.60, and finally, the category of Financial Resources was “Fairly Serious” with an average mean of 3.25 when the responses were taken categorically. Findings revealed that the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz was “Fairly Serious” when the responses were taken as a whole, with a grand mean of 2.84. There is no significant difference in the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz when the respondents were classified according to the location of fire station. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship in the
3
categorized
variables
such
as
Human
Resources,
Material Resources and Financial Resources and the degree of
38
seriousness of the problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the Province of Capiz. Recommendation Based on the results and findings of this study, the following recommendations were made: 1 The Bureau of Fire Protection should request for an increase for their allocated budget to improve the performance of the fire officers. 2 The Bureau of Fire Protection should purchase more up-to-date
equipments
through
the
government’s
Modernization Program. 3 The Bureau of Fire Protection must intensify their Fire Inspection Procedures on buildings in order to stabilize gains as mentioned in Sections 13 and 14 of PD 1185.
Implications The findings of the present investigation had led to certain implications for practice in relation to the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection firefighters in the province of Capiz.
39
The degree of seriousness encountered by the Bureau of Fire Protection in the province of Capiz were “Fairly Serious”. The degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection had no significant difference in terms of the location of fire station. Lastly, the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered by Bureau of Fire Protection had a significant relationship when the categorical variables Human Resources, Material Resources and Financial Resources are taken into consideration.
40
