2010 PRE-WEEK REVIEW PREDICTIONS AND REMINDERS in Criminal Law
by: Prof. Arturo M. de Castro
(Pre-Bar Reviewer, Global Best Practices, UP Law Center, Ateneo Law School Pre Bar Review, PCU; Professor of Law, UP, UP, Ateneo, Ateneo, Lyce!, U"#"$
a" %hat are are the the charact characteris eristics tics of of Penal Penal Laws& Laws& '" Generality Penal Laws aly e)ally to all ersons who so*orn in the Philiines, e+cet as rovie in Art" " Territoriality Alicable Alicable only to to offenses offenses co!!itte co!!itte in the the Philiine Philiine territory territory,, e+cet e+cet Art" " ." Prospectivity /o retroactive effect, nless favorable to the Accse who is not a habital elin)ent 0 one who within a erio of ten years fro! the ate of his last release or last conviction of the cri!es of ('$ serious or less serious physical injuries ($ robo ( robbery robbery ) (.$ hurto ( theft) theft) (1$ estafa or (2$ falsification is fon 3ilty of any sai cri!es a thir ti!e or oftener" b" %hat are are the the Philoso Philosohie hies s of Cri!ina Cri!inall Law& Law& '" Clas Classi sica call Scho School ol Basi Basis s of cri! cri!in inal al liab liabil ilit ity y is h!a h!an n free free will, ill, whos whose e r ros ose e is retribtion ( an an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth ) an the e!hasis is on the 3ravity of the offense not on the offener" e"3", !rer, arson " Posi Positi tivi vist st Sch Schoo ooll 4an is inherently 3oo an the offener is socially sic5" 6he rose is refor!ation, with e!hasis on the actor, not on the act" e"3" i!ossible cri!e, !iti3atin3 circ!stances" c" %hat are are the the classificatio classifications ns of cri!es accorin3 accorin3 to natre& '" Mala en se 0 inherently evil
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 1 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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" mala prohibita 0 !ae nishable only by secial law (see a3e '7., 1st Study Guide for the istinctions$ " 4ay an an act nishe nishe by sec secial ial law law be mala en se & Ans: 8es, if the acts are inherently i!!oral, li5e isenfranchise!ent of the ri3ht to vote" ( People People vs. Sunico; Sunico ; Reyes, p. 57)
e" 9s the cri!e cri!e of of ln lner er mala prohibita or mala ense cri!e& Ans: 9t is mala ense altho3h nishable ner secial law becase it is inhe inhere rent nt evil evil,, bein bein3 3 incl incl e e a!on a!on3 3 the the hein heino os s cri! cri!es es nishable with reclsion ereta to eath an, its constittive cri!e ri!es s are mala sch as !alve !alversa rsatio tion n of bli blic c fns, fns, mala ense ense, sch bribery bribery an !onooli !onoolies es an co!binat co!binations ions"" ( !oseph !oseph "strada vs. Sandi#anbayan G.R. Sandi#anbayan G.R. No. 148560, Nov. 2, 2001)
'" %hat is is praeter intentionem& Ans: A erson co!!ittin3 a felony is liable for all the natral an lo3ical conse)ences of his felonios acts even if the cri!e co!!itte is ifferent fro! the cri!e intene"
" %hat %hat is an i!o i!ossi ssible ble Cri Cri!e& !e& Ans: 9f is an act which wol be an offense a3ainst erson or roerty, were it not for the inherent i!ossibility of its acco!lish!ent, or on accont of the e!loy!ent of inae)ate or ineffectal !eans" (Art. 4, 2 nd par.)
." 9s an an i!oss i!ossib ible le cri!e cri!e a cri! cri!e& e& Ans: 8es, becase it is efine as a cri!e an a enalty is i!ose for its co!!ission ner the Revise Penal Coe"
1" %hat is the the rose rose for nis nishin3 hin3 the the 9!ossibl 9!ossible e cri!e& cri!e& Ans: 6o sress cri!inal roensity or tenency"
2" 4ay a erson erson be be char3e char3e of 9!ossible 9!ossible cri!e if his act act constittes constittes another another cri!e& /o" 9t is not an i!os i!ossi sible ble cri!e cri!e if the act const constit itte tes s anot another her Ans: /o" felo felony ny"" 6he conc conce ett of an i! i!oss ossible ible cri! cri!e e rec recl le es s the the co!!ission of another cri!e" " A ses ses an nlice nlicense nse firea firear! r! in the co!!is co!!issio sion n of rebelli rebellion" on" 4ay A be rosecte searately for rebellion an ille3al ossession of firear!& /o, when when an nlic nlicen ense se firear firear! ! is se se in the the co!!i co!!iss ssion ion of Ans: /o, !rer, ho!icie, rebellion, Co etat an seition, its se is only consiere as an a33ravatin3 circ!stance"
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 2 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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<" 9f A ischar3es an nlicense firear! in a blic la=a an is char3e with Alar! an scanal, !ay he be rosecte for ille3al ossession of firear!& Ans: 8es, becase ille3al se of firear! is only a33ravatin3 an !ay not be rosecte searately if the nlicense firear! is se in the co!!ission of ho!icie, !rer, rebellion, co etat or seition"
'" %hat is the concet of the “ $attered %oman Syndrome” State its re)isites" Ans: “ $attered %oman Syndrome” refers to a scientifically efine attern of sycholo3ical an behavioral sy!to!s fon in wo!en livin3 in batterin3 relationshis as a reslt of c!lative abse (RA 7$" 9t is a lea within the concet of the *stifyin3 circ!stance of self-efense" ( People vs. Genosa, !41 "#RA 4$8 %2000&)
" As a secie of the *stifyin3 circ!stance of self-efense, is nlawfl a33ression an inisensable re)isite for this efense& Ans: /o, by e+ress rovision of law, the >victi!-srvivors who are fon by the conts to be sfferin3 fro! battere wo!an synro!e o not incr any cri!inal an civil liability not withstanin3 the absence of any of the ele!ents for *stifyin3 circ!stance of self-efense ner the Revise Penal Coe"? ("e'. 26, RA $262)
." A rohibits his wife, a lawyer, fro! en3a3in3 in any rofession, bsiness or activity to !a5e her financially eenent on hi!" %hat offense, if any, oes A co!!it& Ans: “ "conomic Abuse” ner RA 7 co!!itte by !a5in3 or atte!tin3 to !a5e a wo!an financially eenent by reventin3 her fro! en3a3in3 in any le3iti!ate rofession, occation, bsiness or activity withot vali, serios an !oral 3rons"
1" 4ay a33ravatin3 circ!stance be areciate if not alle3e in the 9nfor!ation& Ans: /o, becase it violates the constittional ri3ht of the Accse to be infor!e of the natre an the case of the accsasation a3ainst hi!" 6he a!en!ent to the Rles of Cri!inal Procere roviin3 that a33ravatin3 circ!stances not alle3e in the 9nfor!ation !ay not be areciate has abanone the ol octrines that )alifyin3 a33ravatin3 circ!stances, if roven, even if not alle3e in the 9nfor!ation, wol be treate only as 3eneric or orinary a33ravatin3 circ!stances"
2" 9s a !inor between 7 an '2 who has acte with iscern!ent cri!inally liable&
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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Ans: /o, he is absoltely e+e!t fro! cri!inal liability even if he acte with iscern!ent ner the new law (R.A. $!44, ven*+e st*'e and e+-are A't o- 2006)
" @ver what offenses are ersons below ei3hteen ('$ years e+e!t fro! rosection& Ans: 9n the followin3:
'$ a3rancy an Prostittion ner Art" of the Revise Penal Coe" $ 4enicancy ner P"D" '2. .$ Sniffin3 of R3by ner P"D" ''7 sch rosection bein3 inconsistent with the Unite /ations Convention on the Ri3hts of the Chil ("e'. 58). <" 4ay the *stifyin3 circ!stance of self- efense be invo5e at the sa!e ti!e with the e+e!tin3 circ!stance of accient& Ans: /o" Self-efense is inconsistent with the e+e!tin3 circ!stance of accient, in which there is no intent to 5ill" @n the other han, selfefense necessarily conte!lates a re!eitate intent to 5ill in orer to efen oneself fro! i!!inent an3er" Aarently, the fatal shots in the instant case i not occr ot of any conscios or re!eitate effort to overower, !ai! or 5ill the victi! for the rose of self-efense a3ainst any a33ression; rather, they aeare to be the sontaneos an acciental reslt of both arties atte!ts to ossess the firear!" ( Pomoy vs. People "epte/er 2$, 2004)
" 4ay treachery be areciate in the absence of eye-witnesses& Ans: /o, 6reachery cannot be consiere where no witness testifie on how the assalt be3an an eveloe ( People vs. Abatayo +y 7, 2004; People vs. Medina +y !0, 2004). 6he e+istence of treachery !ay not be inferre" Any obt as to its e+istence !st be resolve in favor of the Accse" ( People vs. "stoya ay 1$, 2004; People vs. &ene delos &eyes ay 28, 2004)
7" 4ay treachery be areciate in Robbery with Eo!icie which is classifie as a sin3le an inivial cri!e a3ainst roerty& Ans: 8#S" Becase the constitent cri!e of ho!icie is a cri!e a3ainst erson, hence treachery if attenant to the co!!ission of ho!icie !ay be areciate as an orinary or 3eneric a33ravatin3 circ!stance . ( People vs. Ancheta ne 4, 2004)
'"4ay disregard of age and sex be areciate in Robbery with Eo!icie which is a cri!e a3ainst roerty& Ans: /o" %ith resect to disregard of age and sex , the Cort has rononce in the case of People v. 'ollado that the sa!e a!
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro ! 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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"e a##re$ia%ed on&! in $ries agains% #ersons or 'onor( I% is no% $orre$% %o $onsider %'is aggra)a%ing $ir$*s%an$e in $ries agains% #ro#er%!" Besies, ro""er! +i%' 'oi$ide is #rin$i#a&&! a $rie agains% #ro#er%! and no% agains% #ersons " Eo!icie is a !ere incient of the robbery, the latter bein3 the !ain rose an ob*ect of the cri!inal" 4oreover, it has not been roven that in co!!ittin3 the cri!e, the aellant eter!inely intene to offen or inslt the a3e an se+ of the victi!" ( People vs. (ito ernande* ne 15, 2004) +ote the inconsistency bet,een - and / above.
''" %hen the 5illin3 is attene by “ treachery ” an by “ means of e0plosive”, which shol be the )alifyin3 circ!stance& %hy& Ans: %hen the 5illin3 is eretrate with treachery an by !eans of e+losives, the latter shall be consiere as a )alifyin3 circ!stance" /ot only oes *risrence sort this view bt also, since the se of e+losives is the rincial !oe of attac5, reason ictates that this attenant circ!stance shol )alify the offense instea of treachery which will then be rele3ate !erely as a 3eneric a33ravatin3 circ!stance" ( People vs. 'omadre ne 8, 2004)
'"%hat is the effect of the enact!ent on Fne , '77< of RA /o" 71 which also consiers the se of e+losives as an a33ravatin3 circ!stance to the )alifyin3 circ!stance of >by !eans of e+losion? ner Art" 1& Ans: 9t !st be !ae clear; however that RA /o" 71 i not a!en the efinition of !rer ner Article 1, bt !erely !ae the se of e+losives an a33ravatin3 circ!stance when resorte to in co!!ittin3 >any of the cri!es efine in the Revise Penal Coe"? 6he le3islative rose is to o away with the se of e+losives as a searate cri!e an to !a5e sch se !erely an a33ravatin3 circ!stance in the co!!ission of any cri!e alreay efine in the Revise Penal Coe" 6hs, &A +o. 12-3 merely added the use of unlicensed e0plosives as one of the a##ravatin# circumstances secifie in Article '1 of the Revise Penal Coe" Li5e the a33ravatin3 circ!stance of >e+losion? in ara3rah ', >evient re!eitation? in ara3rah '., or >treachery? in ara3rah ' of Article '1, the new a33ravatin3 circ!stance ae by RA /o" 71 oes not chan3e the efinition of !rer in Article 1"
%hat the law e!hasi=es is the acts lac5 of athority" 6hs, when the secon ara3rah of Section ., P"D" /o" ', as a!ene by RA /o" 71 sea5s of >the se of the afore!entione e+losives, etc"? as an a33ravatin3 circ!stance in the co!!ission of cri!es, it refers to those e+losives, etc" >nlawflly? !anfactre, asse!ble, ealt in, ac)ire, isose or ossesse !entione in the first ara3rah of the sa!e section" %hat is er se a33ravatin3 is the se of nlawflly >!anfactre" or ossesse? e+losives" 6he !ere se of e+losives is not" ( People vs. 'omadre ne 8, 2004) '."%hen is the i!osable enalty in the !a+i!! re3arless of !iti3atin3 circ!stances&
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 5 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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Ans:
a$ %hen in the co!!ission of a cri!e, avanta3e is ta5en by the offener of his blic osition" b$ 9f the offense is by any erson who belon3 to an or3ani=eHsynicate cri!e 3ro, which !eans a 3ro of or !ore ersons collaboratin3, confeeratin3 or !tally helin3 one another for roses of 3ain in the co!!ission of any cri!e"
V '" Distin3ish between atte!te an frstrate felonies& Ans: 9n atte!te felonies, the offener co!!ence irectly by overt acts an co!!ission of a felony, an oes not erfor! all the acts of e+ection which shol roce the felony by reason of so!e case or accient other than his own sontaneos esistance"
9n frstrate felony, the offener erfor!s all the acts of e+ection which wol roce the felony as a conse)ence bt which, nevertheless, o not roce it by reason of cases ineenent on the will of the eretrator" " A shoots B inflictin3 a fatal won on B, who srvives e to ti!ely !eical attenance" 9s the cri!e atte!te or frstrate ho!icie& Ans: 4rustrated becase by inflectin3 a fatal won, A erfor!e all the acts of e+ection which wol roce ho!icie, bt e to ti!ely !eial attenance, a case ineenent of the will of A, ho!icie was not roce"
." 9f A, withot intent to 5ill, shoots B to scare hi! withot intent to 5ill, bt B is hit an sffers a won which will heal after 7 ays" %hat is the cri!e co!!itte by A& Ans: Serios hysical in*ries, becase there is no intent to 5ill"
1" %ill yor answer be the sa!e if A has intent to 5ill B& Ans: 8es, the cri!e is atte!te ho!icie becase A was not able to erfor! all the acts of e+ection which wol roce the felony, bein3 nable to inflict a fatal won"
V '" %ho are acco!lices nishable as rincials& Ans: a. Ascenants, 3arians crators, teachers an any erson who, by abse of athority or confiential relationshi, shall cooerate as acco!lices in cri!es of rae, acts of lasciviosness, section, corrtion of !inors, white slave trae or abction (Art. !46 $; an
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro " 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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/. %ho 3ave lace for co!!ission of sli3ht ille3al detent*on (Art. 268)
" %hat is a co!le+ enalty& Ans: 9t is a enalty co!ose of . istinct enalties, each for!in3 a erio, the li3htest shall be the !ini!!, the ne+t the !ei! an the !ost severe enalty the !a+i!! erio" (Art. 77)
." 4ay rebellion be co!!itte thr consiracy& Ans: /o, becase consiracy to co!!it rebellion is a searate nishable cri!e fro! rebellion"
1" 4ay atte!te rebellion be co!!itte& Ans: /o, becase the overt acts of rebellion cons!!ate the cri!e of rebellion"
2" 4ay a convict whose eath sentence is co!!te to reclusion perpetua e to the abolition of the eath enalty be ('$ arole& ($ arone by the Presient& Ans: Ee cannot be arole, bt !ay be arone by the Presient, by e+ress rovision of the new law abolishin3 the eath enalty"
V '" %hat are the ele!ents of #stafa thr ost-atin3 or issance of a boncin3 chec5& Ans: 6he ele!ents of this for! of #stafa are: ('$ ostatin3 or issin3 a chec5 in ay!ent of an obli3ation contracte at the ti!e the chec5 was isse; ($ lac5 of sfficient fns to cover the chec5; (.$ 5nowle3e on the art of the offener of sch circ!stances; an (1$ a!a3e to the co!lainant" Da!a3e an eceit are essential ele!ents of the offense an !st be establishe with satisfactory roof to warrant conviction" 6he false retense or fralent act !st be co!!itte rior to or si!ltaneosly with the issance of the ba chec5" 6hs, the rawer of the ishonore chec5 is 3iven three ays fro! receit of the notice of ishonor to cover the a!ont of the chec5" @therwise a ri!a facie res!tion of eceit arises" ( People of the Philippines vs. !osefina M. 5imalanta 'to/er 1, 2004; People of the Philippines vs. (ea Sa#an !uliano anary 17, 20005; People of the Philippines vs. 'ora Abella 6jeda ne !, 2004)
" 9s notice of ishonor re)ire for rosection for #stafa thr issance of a boncin3 chec5& Ans: 8#S" Iinally, it is worth !entionin3 that notice of ishonor is re)ire ner both ar" ($ Art".'2 of the RPC an Sec" of BP " %hile the RPC rescribes that the rawer of the chec5 !st eosit the a!ont neee to cover his chec5 within three ays fro! receit of notice of ishonor, PB , on the other han,
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro # 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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re)ires the !a5er or rawer to ay the a!ont of the chec5 within five ays receit of notice of ishonor" Uner both laws, notice of ishonor is necessary for rosection (for estafa an violation of BP $" %ithot roof of notice of ishonor, 5nowle3e of insfficiency of fns cannot be res!e" /o cri!e (whether estafa or violation of BP $ can be ee!e to e+it" ( People of the Philippines vs. 'ora Abella 6jeda ne !, 2004)
." %hat are the ele!ents of estafa with abse of confience& Ans: 6he ele!ents of estafa ner Article .'2, ar" ' (b$ of the Revise Penal Coe are the followin3; (a$ that !oney, 3oos or other ersonal roerty is receive by the offener in trst or on co!!ission, or for a!inistration, or ner any other obli3ation involvin3 the ty to !a5e elivery of or to retrn the sa!e; (b$ that there be !isaroriation or conversion of sch !oney or roerty by the offener, or enial on his art of sch receit; (c$ that sch !isaroriation or conversion or enial is to the re*ice of another; an ($ there is e!an by the offene arty of the offener" ( !or#e Sala*ar vs. People of the Philippines Ast 18, 2004)
1" 9s e!an an ele!ent of estafa with abse of confience& Ans: /o" De!an is not an ele!ent of the felony or a conition receent to the filin3 of a cri!inal co!laint for estafa" 9nee, the accse !ay be convicte of the felony ner Article .'2, ara3rah ' (b$ of the Revise Penal Coe if the rosection rove !isaroriation or conversion by the accse of the !oney or roerty sb*ect of the 9nfor!ation" 9n a rosection for estafa, e!an is not necessary where there is evience of !isaroriation or conversion" Eowever, failre to accont on e!an, for fns or roerty hel in trst, is circ!stantial evience of !isaroriation"
De!an nee no be for!al" 9t !ay be verbal" 9n $arrameda v. 'ourt of Appeals the Cort rle that even a )ery as to the whereabots of the !oney is tanta!ont to a e!an: 9t !st be note that the secific wor >e!an? nee not be se to show that e!an ha, inee, been !ae on the erson char3e of the offense" A )ery as to the whereabots of the !oney, sch as the one roven in the case at bench, is tanta!ont to a e!an" ( &obert 'risanto 5. (ee vs. People of the Philippines and Ato* Tradin# 'orporation , Apr*+ 11, 2005)
V A, B, C, J D, A!erican service!en, went ni3ht clbbin3" A carries I, tisy an 3ro33y ner the inflence of li)or, insie a an an raes her, in the resence of B, C J D insie the an" %hile A is !in3 on I in se+al intercorse, B, C J D cheer >Go,Go A, Go"?
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 8 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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Are B,C J D 3ilty of rae thro3h consiracy& Ans: /o" they cannot be rincials by ince!ent becase their cheerin3 is not the !ovin3 force that i!els A to rae I" 4ere resence at the scene of the cri!e withot any contribtory articiatory acts to attain a co!!on cri!inal ob*ective is not sfficient to char3e B,C JD of consiracy"
V 2" 4ay a wo!an be char3e with rae co!!itte by se+al intercorse& Ans: 8es" Uner the Revise Penal Coe, however, an accse !ay be consiere a rincial by irect articiation, by ince!ent, or by inisensable cooeration" 6his is tre in a char3e of rae a3ainst a wo!an, rovie of corse a !an is char3e to3ether with her" 6hs, in two cases this Cort convicte the wo!an as a rincial by irect articiation since it was roven that she hel own the co!lainant in orer to allow her co-accse sose cons!!ate the offense"
9n People v. 7illamala the Cort fon the hsban an wife 3ilty for rain3 their nei3hbor an >5!are? in this factal settin3, vi=" the wife visite the victi! at her ho!e on the rete+t of in)irin3 as to the whereabots of her hsban" @nce insie, she whistle for her hsban an he i!!eiately aeare at the oorste" 6he wife then senly inne her >5!are? to the floor" 6he hsban forceflly re!ove the victi!s s5irt an anties, re!ove his shorts, lace hi!self on to of the victi! an cons!!ate the rae" 9n the !ore recent People v. Saba8n) the accse !arrie cole victi!i=e a forteen ('1$ yeal-ol eiletic who staye at their ho!e for treat!ent by the wife who was a rete healer" @n the rete+t of conctin3 a healin3 session, the wife orere the victi! to lie own on the floor then inne the victi!s hans to the floor an covere her !oth while her hsban re!ove his ants an briefs an the victi!s anties an rae the yon3 3irl" 6hese two cases show not only the ossibility bt the reality of rae co!!itte by a wo!an to3ether with a !an" ( People vs. Suare* , Apr*+ 15, 2005) " %hat are the ele!ents of acts of lasciviosness& Ans: Uon the other han, Article . of the Revise Penal Coe states: >(a$ny erson who shall co!!it any act of lasciviosness on the other #erson of ei%'er sex, ner any of the circ!stances !entione in the recein3 article, shall be nishe by rision correccional"? 6he ele!ents of this cri!e are: ('$ that the offener co!!its any act of lasciviosness or lewness; ($ that it is one (a$ by sin3 force an inti!iation, or (b$ when the offene arty is erive of reason or otherwise nconscios, or (c$ when the offene arty is ner ' years of a3e; an (.$ that the offene arty is another erson of either se+" As e+laine by an e!inent athor of cri!inal law, rae an acts of lasciviosness have the sa!e natre" 6here is, however, a fna!ental ifference between the two" 9n rae, there is the intent to lie with a wo!an whereas this ele!ent is absent in acts of lasciviosness" ( People vs. Mendo*a anary !1, 2005)
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro $ 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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<" %hat are the ele!ents of se+al abse ner RA <', in aition to the ele!ents of acts of lasciviosness ner the Revise Penal Coe& Ans: 6he ele!ents of se+al abse ner Section 2, Article ΙΙΙ of Re" Act /o" <' that !st be roven in aition to the ele!ents of acts of lasciviosness are the followin3:
('$ 6he accse co!!its the act of se+al intercorse or lasciviosness conct; ($ 6he sai act is erfor!e with a chil e+loite in rostittion or sb*ecte to other se+al abse; an (.$ 6he chil, whether !ale or fe!ale, is below ' years of a3e" 6he first ele!ent obtains" Section ., Article K ΙΙΙ of the 9!le!entin3 Rles an Re3lations of Re" Act /o" <' efines lasciviosness conct as follows: (6$he intentional tochin3, either irectly or thro3h clothin3, of the 3enitalia, ans, 3roin, breast, inner thi3h, or bttoc5s, or the introction of any ob*ect into the 3enitalia, ans or !oth of any erson, whether of the sa!e or oosite se+, with an intent to abse, h!iliate, harass, e3rae or arose or 3ratify the se+al esire of any erson, bestiality, !astrbation, lascivios e+hibition of the 3enitals or blic area of a erson" (#!hasis Slie$ As we observe in People v. (arin Section 2 of Re" Act /o" <' oes not !erely cover a sitation of a chil bein3 abse for rofit, bt also one in which a chil en3a3es in any lascivios conct thro3h coercion or inti!iation" As case law has it, inti!iation nee not necessarily be irresistible" 9t is sfficient that so!e co!lsion e)ivalent to inti!iation annls or sbes the free e+ercise of the will of the offene arty" 6his is esecially tre in the case of yon3, innocent an i!!atre 3irls who col not be e+ecte to act with e)ani!ity of isosition an with nerves of steel" 8on3 3irls cannot be e+ecte to act li5e alts ner the sa!e circ!stances or to have the cora3e an intelli3ence to isre3ar the threat" ( Amployo vs. People, Apr*+ 26, 2005)
'" Distin3ish between Robbery an 6heft& Ans:
6he cri!e of theft is a5in to the cri!e of robbery" 6he only ifference is in robbery there is force on thin3s or violence or inti!iation a3ainst ersons in ta5in3 of ersonal roerties" 9n the cri!e of theft the ta5in3 of the ersonal roerty with intent to 3ain is withot violence a3ainst or inti!iation of ersons nor force on thin3s an the ta5in3 shall be withot the consent of the owner" 9n robbery, the ta5in3 is a3ainst the will of the owner" ( &o9ue vs. People Nove/er 25, 2004)
" Distin3ish between 6heft an #stafa&
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 10 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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Ans: 9n theft, the ersonal roerty is in the ossession of another, nli5e estafa, whereM the ossession of the thin3 is alreay in the hans of the offener" 9n People vs. (ocson 57 3*+, !25, it was hel" >Co!!entators on the Sanish Penal Coe lay 3reat stress on the ta5in3 away is, 3ettin3 ossession in theft, layin3 hol of the, so that if the thin3 is not ta5en away, bt receive an then aroriate or converte, withot consent of the owner, it !ay be any other cri!e, that of estafa for issance"? Can a erson tas5e to receive an collect caital contribtions an havin3 collecte an receive in her caacity as teller as alle3e in the infor!ation, be 3ilty of theft& 6he )estion shol be answere in the ne3ative" ( &o9ue vs. People Nove/er 25, 2004)
." %hat is the cri!e co!!itte by a looter who steals 3oos rin3 a state of e!er3ency or national cala!ity& Ans: ualified Theft , a33ravate by the ta5in3 of the roerty on the occasion of fire, earth)a5e, tyhoon, volcanic ertion, or any other cala!ity, vehiclar accient or civil istrbance (Art. !10, as aended /y R.A. 120, .3. No. 71, ay 1, 1$80)
'" %hen oes Sani3anbayan have *risiction over 4rer or Eo!icie co!!itte by blic officers& Ans: 9nee, !rer an ho!icie will never be the !ain fnction of any blic office" /o blic office will ever be a constitent ele!ent of !rer" %hen then wol !rer or ho!icie, co!!itte by a blic officer, fall within the e+clsive an ori3inal *risiction of the Sani3anbayan& People v. Montejo (108 3*+. 61!) rovies the answer" 6he Cort e+laine that a blic officer co!!its an offense in relation to his office if he eretrates the offense while erfor!in3, tho3h in an i!roer or irre3lar !anner, his official fnctions an he cannot co!!it the offense withot holin3 his blic office" 9n sch a case, there is an inti!ate connection between the offense an the office of the accse" 9f the infor!ation alle3es the close connection between the offense char3e an the office of the accse, the case falls within the *risiction of the Sani3anbayan" People v. Montejo is an e+cetion that Sanche* v. 5emetriou reco3ni=e" ( 'risostomo vs. Sandi#anbayan G.R. No. 152!$8, Apr*+ 14, 2005, #apr*o .) A#uinaldo v. 5oma#as (G.R. No. $8452, reso+t*on dated "ept. 26, 1$$1, '*ted *n Rep/+*' vs. Asn'*on, 2!1 "#RA 680) ro!l3ate on Sete!ber '77', !oifie 5eloso v. 5omin#o A#uinaldo v. 5oma#as clarifie that offenses secifie in Section 1(a$($ of PD ', as a!ene by PD '', !st be co!!itte by blic officers an e!loyees in relation to their office an the infor!ation !st alle3e this fact" 6he scceein3 cases of Sanche* v. 5emetriou (227 "#RA 627) an +atividad v. 4eli0 (22$ "#RA 680) reiterate the A#uinaldo v. 5oma#as rlin3" ( 'risostomo vs. Sandi#anbayan G.R. No. 152!$8, Apr*+ 14, 2005, #apr*o .)
" %hat eter!ines whether a blic officer is an accontable blic officer&
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Ans: 6he na!e or relative i!ortance of the office or e!loy!ent is not the controllin3 factor" 6he natre of the ties of the blic officer or e!loyee, the fact that as art of his ties he receive blic !oney for which he is bon to accont an faile to accont for it, is the factor which eter!ines whether or not !alversation is co!!itte by the accse blic officer or e!loyee" Eence, a !ere cler5 in the rovincial or !nicial 3overn!ent !ay be hel 3ilty of !alversation if he or she is entrste with blic fins an !isaroriates the sa!e" ( $arri#a vs. Sandi#anbayan et. al. G.R Nos. 16178486, Apr*+ 26, 2005, #a++eo)
." Distin3ish between !alversation an ille3al se of blic fns" Ans: Ior the accse to be 3ilty of ille3al se of blic fns or roerty, the rosection is brene to rove the followin3 ele!ents: (1) 6he offeners are accontable officers in both cri!es" (2) 6he offener in ille3al se of blic fns or roerty oes not erive any ersonal 3ain or rofit; in !alversation, the offener in certain cases rofits fro! the rocees of the cri!e" (!) 9n ille3al se, the blic fn or roerty is alie to another blic se; in !alversation, the blic fn or roerty is alie to the ersonal se an benefit of the offener or of another erson" ( $ arri#a vs. Sandi#anbayan et. al. G.R Nos. 16178486, Apr*+ 26, 2005, #a++eo)
1" %hat are the re)isites of technical !alversation& Ans: 6he followin3:
'$ 6hat the offener is a blic officer; $ 6hat there is blic fn or roerty ner his a!inistration; .$ 6hat sch blic fn or roerty has been aroriate by law or orinance; 1$ 6hat he alies the sa!e to a blic se other than that for which sch fn or roerty has been aroriate by law or orinance" 9n relation to n ele!ent, if the blic fns are establishe to be art of savin3s, the sa!e cease to be aroriate by law or orinance for any secific rose" 6he . r re)isite is li5ewise absent in the absence of any law or orinance aroriatin3 the fns for!in3 art of savin3s" 4oreover, cri!inal intent cannot be base on istable res!tion ner Sec" 2(b$, Rle '.'" ( Abdulla vs. People G.R. No. 15012$, Apr*+ 6, 2005, Gar'*a)
'" %hat are the essential ele!ents of violation of B"P" /o" &
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 12 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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Ans: 6he followin3: (1) the !a5in3, rawin3, an issance of any chec5 to aly for accont or for vale; (2) the 5nowle3e of the !a5er, rawer, or isser that at the ti!e of isse there are no sfficient fns in or creit with the rawee ban5 for the ay!ent of sch chec5 in fll on its resent!ent; an (!) the sbse)ent ishonor of the chec5 by the rawee ban5 for insfficiency of fns or creit or ishonor for the sa!e reason ha not the rawer, withot any vali case, orere the ban5 to sto ay!ent" ( Mari#omen vs. People G.R. No. 15!451, ay 26, 2005, #a++eo)
" 9s verbal notice of ishonor sfficient& Ans: No, the notice of ishonor !st be in writin3; a verbal notice is not eno3h" 6he rationale for this was e+laine by the Cort in 5oma#san# v. 'ourt of Appeals to wit:
Petitioner conters that the lac5 of a written notice of ishonor is fatal" 6he Cort a3rees" %hile, inee, Section of B"P" Bl3" oes not state that the notice of ishonor be in writin3, ta5en in con*nction, however, with Section . of the law, i"e", >that where there are no sfficient fns in or creit with sch rawee ban5, sch fact shall always be e+licitly state in the notice of ishonor or refsal,? a !ere oral notice or e!an to ay wol aear to be insfficient for conviction ner the law" 6he Cort is convince that both the sirit an letter of the Boncin3 Chec5s Law wol re)ire for the act to be nishe therener not only that the accse isse a chec5 that is ishonore, bt that li5ewise the accse has actally been notifie in writin3 of the fact of ishonor" 6he consistent rle is that enal stattes have to be constre strictly a3ainst the State an liberally in favor of the accse" ( Mari#omen vs. People G.R. No. 15!451, ay 26, 2005, #a++eo) ." 9f the rawer or !a5er is an officer of the cororation, is notice of ishonor to sai cororation sfficient& Ans: No( 6hs, if the rawer or !a5er is an officer of a cororation, the notice of ishonor to the sai cororation is not notice to the e!loyee or officer who rew or isse the chec5 for an in its behalf" 6he Cort e+laine in (ao v. 'ourt of Appeals, to wit:
9n this li3ht, the ostlate of Resonent Cort of Aeals that >($e!an on the Cororation constittes e!an on aellant (herein etitioner$,? is erroneos" Pre!iere has no obli3ation to forwar the notice aresse to it to the e!loyee concerne, esecially becase the cororation itself incrs no cri!inal liability ner B"P" Bl3" for the issance of a boncin3 chec5" Resonsibility ner B"P" Bl3" is ersonal to
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 1 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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the accse; hence, ersonal 5nowle3e of the notice of ishonor is necessary" Conse)ently, constrctive notice to the cororation is not eno3h to satisfy e rocess" 4oreover, it is etitioner, as an officer of the cororation, who is the latters a3ent for roses of receivin3 notices an other oc!ents, an not the other way aron" 9t is bt a+io!atic that notice to the cororation, which has a ersonality istinct an searate fro! the etitioner, oes not constitte notice to the latter" ( M ari#omen vs. People G.R. No. 15!451, ay 26, 2005, #a++eo) 1" 4ay i!rison!ent be i!ose by the F3e for violation of B"P" /o" & Ans: .es( SC-AC /o" '-, as clarifie by SC-AC /o" '.-', establishe a r+e o- pre-eren'e in i!osin3 the above enalties" %hen the circ!stances of the case clearly inicate 3oo faith or a clear !ista5e of fact withot taint of ne3li3ence, the i!osition of a fine alone !ay be consiere as the referre enalty" 6he eter!ination of the circ!stances that warrant the i!osition of a fine rests on the trial *3e only" Shol the *3e ee! that i!rison!ent is aroriate, sch enalty !ay be i!ose" ( Go et. al. vs. 5ima#iba G.R. No. 151876, ne 21, 2005, 3anan*/an)
'" 6he Senate isses a s!!ons to Fo5 Fo5 Bolante to aear before the Senate Ble Ribbon Co!!ittee investi3atin3 the fertili=er sca! in ai of le3islation" Fo5 Fo5 Bolante refses, withot any le3al e+cse to obey sch s!!ons" %hat cri!e, if any, oes Fo5 Fo5 Bolante co!!it& Ans: Disobeience to s!!ons isse by the /ational Asse!bly ner Art" '2 of the Revise Penal Coe"
" RB aears before the Senate as a witness or resorce erson bt refses to answer any le3al in)iry an to roce the boo5s an aers in his ossession in relation to the en3a3e!ent of a lobby 3ro in the Unite States concernin3 the initiative to a!en the Philiine Constittion" a"
%hat ossible offense oes A co!!it&
Ans: Refsal to answer any in)iry an refsal to roce boo5s an aers in his ossession"
." A restrains B fro! attenin3 as a witness or inces B to isobey the s!!ons or to be sworn by any Con3ressional boy or official" %hat are the ossible offenses co!!itte by A& Ans: Also violation of Art" '2 which enali=es sch acts"
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 1! 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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ST/D. /IDE AND PRACTICA EERCISES M/TIPE COICE
'" A, B an C too5 a lar3e cattle belon3in3 to D while the cattle was 3ra=in3 in an oen 3rasslan, withot the 5nowle3e an consent of D" 4ltile Choice: Select the best answer an e+lain why the other choices are not the best answer" 6he cri!e co!!itte by A, B an C is: a$ Nalifie 6heft b$ Cattle rstlin3 c$ Robbery " 9f C can rove that he owns a lar3e cattle with the sa!e si=e, 3ener an escrition as the lar3e cattle of D also 3ra=in3 in the sa!e 3rass lan, what efense !ay A, B an C invo5e& a$ b$ c$ $
Aberratio icts #rror en ersonae 4ista5e of fact Praeter intentione!
Select the best answer an e+lain why it is the best answer an why the other choices are not the best answer" ." Ass!e that A, B an C in the first roble! above re-a3ree to steal the lar3e cattle of A an to have the sa!e sla3htere for sale to ivie the rofits" D arons A after A ays for the rice of the cattle to D" %hat is the effect of aron of A on the cri!inal liability of B an C& 1" A inserts his fin3er in the va3ina of B, As 3irl frien, withot the rior 5nowle3e an consent of B, stealthily, bt withot violence, force or inti!iation" B is annoye becase of his erceive lac5 of resect of A for her i3nity" A co!!its the cri!e of: a$ b$ c$ $ e$
Rae by se+al assalt Acts of lasciviosness Un*st ve+ation 4alicios !ischief /one of the above
Select the best answer an e+lain why the other answers are not the best answer" 2" Ass!e that B is a !inor below ' at the ti!e A inserts his fin3er in the va3ina of B, the cri!e co!!itte by A is: a$ n*st ve+ation
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b$ anti-chil abse c$ rae thro3h se+al assalt $ acts of lasciviosness " E an %, hsban an wife, have a lovers )arrel one ni3ht" % refses the se+al avances of E" E waits ntil % falls aslet an has se+al intercorse with %" E co!!its the cri!e of: a$ b$ c$ $ e$
!arital rae stattory rae n*st ve+ation !alicios !ischief no cri!e
<" 9sa was the first borne of 9saac an by traition an csto!ary ractice of re!o3inator, he is entitle to inherit the fortne of 9saac in trst for the other siblin3s" Facob, osin3 as 9sa, with the ai an cooeration of their !other an the wife of 9saac, scceee in !a5in3 9saac believe that Facob was 9sa leain3 9saac to 3ive his blessin3 to Facob as the sccessor to all his fortne" a$ %as Facob 3ilty of sration of civil stats of 9sa& b$ %as the !other 3ilty as a rincial by inisensable cooeration or as an acco!lice& #+lain flly" c$ Di Facob co!!it theft or estafa& $ %as Facob cri!inally liable to 9sa, ass!in3 the Revise Penal Coe was alicable at the ti!e of the co!!ission of eceit by Facob& " As !other, 4, cannot be release fro! the hosital becase they cannot ay the hosital bills" 4 s33ests to A that she wants to co!!it sicie if A cannot release her fro! the hosital" Iearin3 that 4 wol co!!it sicie, A isses ost-ate chec5s to secre the release of 4 fro! the hosital in ay!ent for her !eical an hosital bills" All the PDCs bonce" Char3e with estafa, A interoses the efense of avoiance of 3reater evil an in*ry" a$ %ill the efense roer& b$ Di A co!!it estafa an violation of B"P" O or only violation of B"P" O & #+lain yor answer" O34ECTIVE T.PE 5/ESTIONS
'" 9s !ista5e of fact a *stifyin3 or an e+e!tin3 circ!stance& #+lain" " Are the rovisions of the Revise Penal Coe alicable to cri!es efine ner the E!an Secrity Act& ." Distin3ish between rebellion an co etat" 1" %hy is there no frstrate theft& ( 7alen*uela vs. People , G"R" /o" '', Fne ', <$
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 1" 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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2" %hat are the )alifyin3 circ!stances in 4rer& Give their resective ele!ents or re)isites" " A in the heat of an3er threatens to shoot B with an nlicense ar!alite rifle" 4ay A be rosecte for li3ht threat an ille3al ossession of an nlicense firear!& #+lain" <" A, treasrer of ABC Cororation, isses a cororate chec5 to B for valable consieration" 6he chec5 is ishonore for insfficiency of fns" B sens a written notice of ishonor to ABC Cororation with a re)est to !a5e 3oo the chec5 or !a5e an arran3e!ent for ay!ent within 2 ays fro! receit of notice" Prosecte for violation of BP /o" , A interoses the efense of lac5 of written notice of ishonor to hi!" %ill the efense roser& #+lain yor answer" " A 3oes to the hose of B livi with an3er to confront B for !alin3 his brother earlier in the ay" A, ar!e with a bolo, violently 5noc5s at the !ain oor of the hose as5in3 B to co!e ot" Iearin3 for the safety of his wife an chilren, B 3ets an nlicense caliber rifle an rsher to the bac5 of the hose to close the oen oor there" B oints the 3n at A to sto hi! fro! attac5in3 hi!, bt A 3rabs the en barrel of the caliber rifle, casin3 the rifle to e+loe an hit A in the sto!ach" A ies" 4ay A invo5e the *stifyin3 circ!stance of self-efense an the e+e!tin3 circ!stance of accient& #+lain yor answer" 7" 9n People vs. $indoy , the Accse was attac5e by an on-rshin3 assailant with a bolo" 9n orer to efen hi!self, he swan3 his bolo bac5wars in rearation for efenin3 hi!self" 9t trne ot that there was a bystaner behin hi! who was hit an as a reslt ie" 6he Sre!e Cort absolve the Accse on the 3ron of accient as an e+e!tin3 circ!stance" 6he accse was erfor!in3 the lawfl act of self-efense withot falt or ne3li3ence when by !ere accient the fatal in*ry was inflicte withot cri!inal intent on the bystaner behin hi!" 4ay Peole vs" Binoy be alie to the case in n!ber above& '"Distin3ish between: a$ 9nsti3ation an entra!ent b$ Co!le+ cri!e fro! secial co!le+ cri!e c$ 4ala en se fro! !ala rohibita ''" %ho are the rincials cri!inally liable for the co!!ission of felonies& Define or 3ive the ele!ents or re)isites of each" '"#n!erate an 3ive the ele!ents or re)isites of: a$ b$ c$ $
the *stifyin3 circ!stances the e+e!tin3 circ!stances the alternative circ!stances the )alifyin3 circ!stances
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 1# 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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in: ('$ 4rer ($ )alifie rae (.$)alifie theft (1$ )alifie iracy '."Define ('$ synicate estafa; ($ cri!e co!!itte by a synicate; '1"4ay ille3al ossession of firear!s be rosecte ineenently: ('$ when another cri!e is co!!itte other than ho!icie, !rer, co e etat, or rebellion& ($ if the nlicense firear! is se in the co!!ission of the lesser offense of li3ht threat& '2"Can yo answer the !ltile choice )estions aene to the eition of reviewer on Secial Penal Laws of the athor&
M*&%i#&e C'oi$e (Select the Best Answer an #+lain yor choice"$
'" In ex#ressed $ons#ira$! a$ 6he act of one is the act of all, e+cet as to those who try to revent the co!!ission of the cri!e" b$ 6here is nity of rose an esi3n as shown by the concerte actions of the articiants to achieve the co!!ission of the cri!e" c$ 6here is re-a3ree!ent an lannin3 to co!!it the cri!e" " I% eans is%a6e in %'e "&o+( a$ 4ista5e of ientity b$ Aberratio icts c$ Praeter 9ntentioni! ." T'is offi$ia& in %'e 7oreign Ser)i$e 'as no di#&oa%i$ i*ni%!( a$ A!bassaor b$ Consl c$ Char3e affair 1" T'is #ena&%! is in%ended %o #ro%e$% %'e a$$*sed fro %'e )ende%%a of %'e fai&! of %'e offended #ar%!( a$ Bon to 5ee the eace b$ Destierro c$ Iine 2" 83a%%ered Woan S!ndroe9 is a$ b$ c$ $
#+e!tin3 Fstifyin3 4iti3atin3 A33ravatin3
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 18 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
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" In%oxi$a%ion is aggra)a%ing a$ 9f rosely so3ht an resorte to before the co!!ission of the cri!e" b$ 9f not habital altho3h rosely resorte to before the co!!ission of the cri!e to 3ain cora3e" c$ 9f acciental rovie that the accse is not a habital rn5ar" <" Vio&a%ion of %'e Tr*s% Re$ei#% a+ is a $rie agains%: a$ b$ c$ $
Proerty /ational secrity Pbic @rer Pblic interest
" S*"sidiar! i#risonen% a##&ies %o: a$ Iailre to ay the fine by reason of insolvency b$ Rearation of a!a3es c$ Costs of roceein3s 7" A $on%in*ing $rie is $oi%%ed: a$ %hen a sin3le act constittes two or !ore 3rave or less 3rave felony" b$ %hen an offense is co!!itte as a necessary !eans to co!!it the other" c$ %hen a series of acts are co!!itte arisin3 fro! one cri!inal resoltion" '" T'e #eriod of #res$ri#%ion of offenses is $o*n%ed fro: a$ 6he co!!ission of the offense" b$ 6he iscovery of the offense by the offene arties, the athorities or their a3ents" c$ 6he iscovery of the ientity of the offener" ''" Pre;*di$ia& 5*es%ion a! "e in)o6ed %o s*s#end %'e $riina& #ro$eedings( a$ 9f the civil action which involves a re*icial )estion was file ahea of the cri!inal case" b$ 9f the resoltion in the civil action is eter!inative of the 3ilt or innocence of the Accse" c$ #ven at the reli!inary investi3ation sta3e before the Pblic Prosection @ffice" '" An aggra)a%ing $ir$*s%an$e a! "e a##re$ia%ed on&!: a$ 9f alle3e in the 9nfor!ation an roven at the trial" b$ #ven if not alle3e in the 9nfor!ation bt roven at the trial, bt if )alifyin3, !ay be areciate only as 3eneric a33ravatin3" c$ 9f not ob*ecte to an roven rin3 the trial even if not alle3e in the 9nfor!ation" '." /nder %'e Dangero*s Dr*gs A$%, #rose$*%ion for i&&ega& *se of #ro'i"i%ed dr*gs:
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 1$ 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
8/2/2015
a$ 4ay not be !ae withot a Dr3 6est concte on the erson of the Accse" b$ 4ay be !ae rovie that the enalty for ille3al ossession is lower than the enalty for ille3al se in which case the rosection wol be for ille3al se rovie it is sorte by a Dr3 6est" '1" I&&ega& Possession of 7irear a$ 4ay not be rosecte searately when se in the co!!ission of ho!icie or !rer, bt will only be areciate as an a33ravatin3 circ!stance" b$ 4ay be co!le+e with the 5illin3 if it is the !eans of co!!ittin3 the cri!e, sch as Eo!icie thr ille3al ossession of firear!s" c$ 4ay be rosecte even withot the evience of lac5 of license or er!it" '2" Ra#e is a $rie agains%: a$ Chastity b$ Person c$ Eonor '" A ;*#s fro %'e roof of a %a&& "*i&ding %o $oi% s*i$ide( e fa&&s on 3 +'o is #'!si$a&&! in;*red re<*iring edi$a& a%%endan$e for ore %'an = on%'s( a$ A is not liable becase sicie in not an offense" Uner Art" 1, only a erson co!!ittin3 a felony is liable for all the natral conse)ences of his felonios acts" b$ A is liable for Serios Physical 9n*ries thr rec5less 9!rence becase he i not e+ercise rence an recation not to case anyboy any har! in the rocess of co!!ittin3 sicie" c$ A is not liable becase he has no cri!inal intent to case in*ry to B" '<" i"e& is $oi%%ed: a$ By blication of facts connecte with the rivate life of another an offensive to the honor, virte an retation of sai erson, even tho3h sai blication is !ae in connection with narration in any *icial or a!inistrative roceein3" b$ By offensive an scrrilos eithets, inclin3 wors i!tin3 nchastity to the !other an tenin3 to in*re the character of the a3hter" c$ By erfor!in3 any act which shall cast ishonor, iscreit or conte!t on another erson" $ By irectly i!tin3 to an innocent erson the co!!ission of a cri!e" e$ By oin3 any intri3e which has for its rincial rose to ble!ish the honor or retation of a erson" '" W'a% is %'e $rie $oi%%ed "! #erson +'o $on%ra$%s a arriage 6no+ing %'a% %'e re<*ireen%s of %'e &a+ 'a)e no% "een $o#&ied +i%' "! o"%aining %'e $onsen% of %'e o%'er "! eans of )io&en$e, in%iida%ion or fra*d( a$ Bi3a!y b$ 4arria3e contracte a3ainst rovisions of law c$ Pre!atre !arria3e
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 20 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
8/2/2015
$ Perfor!ance of ille3al !arria3e cere!ony '7" /s*r#a%ion of Ci)i& s%a%*s is $oi%%ed "! one +'o: a$ Reresents hi!self as another an ass!es the latters filiation or ri3hts" b$ Si!lates birth c$ Sbstittes one chil for another $ Conceals or abanons any le3iti!ate chil with intent to case sch chil to lose its civil stats " T'e as$endan%s, g*ardians, %ea$'ers and an! #erson +'o, "! a"*se of $onfiden$e or a*%'ori%! or re&a%ions'i# +'o $oo#era%e in %'e exe$*%ion of an offense "! #re)io*s or si*&%aneo*s a$%s in a anner no% indis#ensa"&e %o %'e $oission %'ereof are &ia"&e as: a$ Princials b$ Acco!lice c$ Accessory '" T'is $rie a! "e #rose$*%ed e)en +i%'o*% %'e Co#&ain% fi&ed "! %'e offended #ar%!( a$ b$ c$ $ e$ f$ 3$
Altery Concbina3e Rae Acts of lasciviosness Consente abction Corrtion of !inors Section
" W'a% is %'e $rie $oi%%ed "! a #erson +'o 6issed %'e offended #ar%! and 'er "reas% +as %o*$'ed as an in$iden%a& $onse<*en$e of %'e e"ra$e( a$ Li3ht coercion ner Art" < ($ b$ Acts of lasciviosness c$ Slaner by Dees ." A "*!s a $ar on ins%a&&en%s se$*red "! a $'a%%e& or%gage re$orded in %'e Regis%er of Deeds of Ma6a%i Ci%!( A "rings %'e $ar %o Da)ao and se&&s i% %'ere( A $oi%s %'e $rie of: a$ #stafa with abse of confience b$ Re!oval an Sale of !ort3a3e roerty c$ #stafa thr eceit 1" S#o*ses, as$endan%s and des$endan%s and re&a%i)es "! affini%! in %'e sae &ine, "ro%'er and sis%ers and "ro%'ers-in-&a+ and sis%ers-in&a+ &i)ing %oge%'er, %'e +ido+ed s#o*se, are "o%' $riina&&! and $i)i&&! &ia"&e in %'e $rie of: a$ b$ c$ $
6heft #stafa 4alicios !ischief Robbery
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 21 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
8/2/2015
2" An! #erson +'o, "! eans of )io&en$e agains% or in%iida%ion of #ersona&, %a6es #ossession of an! rea& #ro#er%! is g*i&%! of: a$ Anti-s)attin3 b$ @ccation of real roerty (Art" .'$ c$ Grave coercion " W'en o%or )e'i$&e is %a6en +i%'o*% %'e $onsen% of %'e o+ner or +i%' %'rea% or for$e, %'e $rie $oi%%ed is: a$ Nalifie 6heft b$ Robbery c$ Carnain3 <" W'en +'a% is %a6en +i%'o*% %'e $onsen% of %'e O+ner is an! of: road ro&&ers, %ro&&e! $ars, s%ree%s-s+ee#ers, s#rin6&ers, &a+n o)ers, "*&&do>ers, graders, for6-&if%s, a#'i"ian %r*$6s and $ranes if no% *sed on #*"&i$ 'ig'+a!s, )e'i$&es, +'i$' r*n on&! on rai&s or %ra$%s, and %ra$%ors, %rai&ers and rea$%ion engines of a&& 6inds *sed ex$&*si)e&! for agri$*&%*ra& #*r#oses, +'a% is %'e $rie $oi%%ed: a$ Carnain3 b$ Nalifie 6heft c$ Robbery " A, %'e '*s"and of 3, in order %o dis$o)er %'e se$re% of A, sei>es %'e #a#ers and &e%%ers of 3, +i%'o*% re)ea&ing %'e se$re%s of 3( a$ A is not liable becase he i not reveal the secret of B" b$ A is e+e!t even if he shol reveal the secret of B becase as sose, A is e+e!t fro! cri!inal liability" c$ A is 3ilty of iscovery secrets thr sei=re of corresonence ner Art" 7" 7" A #erson $'arged of ra)e T'rea%s or ig'% T'rea%s +'o is re<*ired %o gi)e 3ond 7or ood 3e'a)io*r ?no% o&es% %'e #erson %'rea%ened@ a$ Shall be sentence to Destierro if he fails to 3ive sch Bon" b$ Shall be *aile even before conviction if he fails to 3ive sch Bon" ." A #erson in %'e 'ea% of anger dra+s and #oin%s a g*n on ano%'er and ora&&! %'rea%ens %o 6i&& 'i "*% does no% #ersis% in %'e idea in)o&)ed in 'is %'rea% is g*i&%! of: a$ b$ c$ $
@ther li3ht threat Li3ht threat Grave threat Grave coercion
.'" W'a% is %'e $rie $oi%%ed "! %'e #o&i$e offi$ers +'o arres%ed ra&&!is%s +i%'o*% an! gro*nd for +arran%&ess arres% for %'e #*r#ose of de&i)ering %'e %o %'e a*%'ori%ies a$ Grave coercion b$ Arbitrary etention c$ Unlawfl arrest ner Act 7
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 22 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
8/2/2015
." T'e $rie $oi%%ed "! a '*s"and +'o 6i&&ed 'is #regnan% +ife +i%' )io&en$e isBare: a$ Parricie an nintentional abortion b$ Co!le+ Cri!e of arricie with nintentional abortion c$ Parricie an 9ntentional Abortion .." Ki&&ing a $'i&d &ess %'an = da! o&d a$ Parricie b$ 9nfanticie c$ 4rer .1" S'oo%ing a #erson +i%'o*% in%en% %o 6i&& is: a$ Dischar3e of Iirear!s (Art" 21$ b$ Atte!te Eo!icie c$ Alar! an sanal .2" A #erson +'o des%ro!s an offi$ia& do$*en% %o defra*d ano%'er is g*i&%! of: a$ 9nfielity in the cstoy of oc!ents b$ @ther for! of swinlin3 ." T'e $rie $oi%%ed "! a #*"&i$ offi$er +'o a$$e#%s gif%s offered %o 'i "! reason of 'is offi$e +i%'o*% doing an! fa)or %o %'e gi)er: a$ Direct Bribery b$ 9nirect Bribery c$ /one of the above .<" A #*"&i$ offi$er +'o agrees %o #erfor an a$% or refrain %o #erfor an! a$% in $onne$%ion +i%' %'e #erforan$e of 'is offi$ia& d*%! in $onsidera%ion of an! offer, #roise gif% or #resen% is g*i&%! of: a$ 9nirect Bribery b$ Direct Bribery c$ Corrtion of Pblic @fficial ." T'e $rie $oi%%ed "! %'e #ri)a%e #erson +'o offers or gi)es %'e "ri"e is: a$ Corrtion of Pblic @fficial b$ Direct Bribery c$ 9nirect Bribery .7" As defined in %'e Re)ised Pena& Code: a$ A wo!an who inl3es in se+al intercorse for !oney even occasionally only an not habitally or re3larly is a rostitte" b$ A wo!an who for !oney or rofit habitally inl3es in lascivios conct is a rostitte" c$ She is a rostitte if she habitally en3a3es in se+al intercorse only for !oney"
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 2 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
8/2/2015
1" W'a% is %'e $rie $oi%%ed "! #ri)a%e #ar%i$i#an%s in %'e coup de etat +'o #*"&i$&! a6e *se of an insignia *nifors or dress #er%aining %o an offi$e no% 'e&d "! %'e or %o a $&ass of #ersons of +'i$' 'e is no% a e"er a$ 9lle3al se of nifor!s or 9nsi3nia (Art" '<7$ b$ Usration of official fnctions (Art" '<<$ c$ Concealin3 tre na!e (Art" '<$ 1'" T'e $rie of i&&ega& asse"&ies is $oi%%ed: a$ By attenin3 a !eetin3 in which the aience is incite to the co!!ission of the cri!e of treason, rebellion or insrrection seition or assalt on a erson in athority or his a3ents" b$ 4e!bershi in an association totally or3ani=e for the rose of co!!ittin3 any of the cri!es ner the Revise Penal Coe or so!e roses contrary to blic !orals" c$ %ithot blic risin3, any otcry tenin3 to incite rebellion or seition in a blic lace (Art" '2., ar" .$ 1" Re"e&&ion is $oi%%ed: a$ By risin3 blicly an ta5in3 ar!s a3ainst the Govern!ent b$ By a swift attac5, acco!anie by violence, inti!iation, threat, strate3y or stealth, a3ainst the ly constitte athorities" c$ By e!loyin3 force or inti!iation for the rose of erivin3 the Chief #+ective of the le3islative of any of their owers" 1." T'e $rie $oi%%ed "! a #*"&i$ offi$er or e#&o!ee +'o, in $ases sear$' is #ro#er s'a&& sear$' %'e doi$i&e, #a#ers or o%'er "e&ongings on an! #erson, in %'e a"sen$e of %'e &a%%er, an! e"er of 'is fai&! or in %'eir defa*&% %'e #resen$e of %+o +i%nesses residing in %'e sae &o$a&i%!: a$ iolation of Do!icile (Art" '$ b$ Searchin3 Do!icile withot witnesses c$ 6resass to wellin3 11" T'e $rie $oi%%ed "! #*"&i$ offi$er +'o de%ains a #erson +i%'o*% &ega& gro*nd( a$ 9lle3al Detention b$ Arbitrary etention c$ Nalifie 5inain3 12" T'e $rie $oi%%ed "! #ersons +'o "oard and sei>e a )esse& in P'i&i##ine in%erna& +a%ers is: a$ Nalifie iracy b$ Robbery becase it too5 lace in Philiine waters c$ 4tiny 1" T'e $rie $oi%%ed "! a #erson +'o $o#e&s a $'ange in %'e $o*rse or des%ina%ion of an air$raf% of P'i&i##ine Regis%r! or sei>es or *s*r#s %'e $on%ro& %'ereof +'i&e in f&ig'% or "! an! #erson +'o $o#e&s an air$raf% of foreign regis%r! %o &and in P'i&i##ine %erri%or! or sei>es or *s*r#s i%s $on%ro& +'i&e on P'i&i##ine %erri%or!(
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 2! 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
8/2/2015
a$ Ei*ac5in3 ner RA .2 ('7<'$ b$ Grave coercion c$ 6erroris! 1<" Treason is no% $oi%%ed a$ By a non-resient alien who co!!its acts of treason abroa b$ By a Iiliino who aheres to the ene!y 3ivin3 the ene!y ai an co!fort abroa" c$ By a resient alien who aheres to the ene!y 3ivin3 it ai an co!fort abroa" 1" T'e $rie of ex#*&sion, +'i$' is $oi%%ed "! a #*"&i$ offi$er +'o, +i%'o*% &ega& a*%'ori%! a@ ex#e&s an! #erson fro %'e P'i&i##ines or "@ $o#e&s s*$' #erson %o $'ange 'is residen$e is a $rie agains%: a$ /ational Secrity an the laws of /ations b$ 6he fna!ental laws of the state c$ Pblic orer 17" A $o#&ex #ena&%! is: a$ 6he enalty for Co!le+ Cri!e b$ A enalty consistin3 of three erios which are istinct enalties c$ 6he enalty for secial co!le+ cri!e 2" T'e Re)ised Pena& Code "e&ongs %o: a$ Classical School b$ Positivist School c$ Princially to Classical School with certain featres of the Positivist School sch as the rovisions on i!ossible cri!e"
Prof. Arturo M. de Castro 25 2010 pre-week review predictions and reminders in criminal law
8/2/2015
